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USER MANUAL HIRAY PLUS X-RAY MACHINE
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5. EXPOSURE SCHEDULE
6.1 Without Grid
Thickness
in cm
Up to 5 Up to 10 Up to 15 Up to 20 Up to 25 Up to 30 Up to 35
kV mAs kV mAs kV mAs kV mAs kV mAs kV mAs kV mAs
Abdomen l-l 50–54 1,0–1,4 52–56 1,6–1,8 52–54 2,0–2,5 54–56 2,5–3,2 54–58 3,2–4,0 58–60 4,0–5,0 58–60 5,0–6,4
Spinal Column l-l
54–58 0,8–1,2 58–60 1,6–1,8 62–64 1,8–2,5 64–66 2,5–3,2 68–72 3,2–4,0 74–78 4,0–5,0 76–78 5,0–6,4
Pelvis / HD v-d 62–64 2,0–2,5 64–66 3,2–4,0 66–68 4,0–5,0 68–70 4,0–5,0 70–72 5,0–6,4 72–74 5,0–6,4
Thorax l-l 56 0,5 56–60 0,8–1,0 60–64 1,2–1,6 68–72 1,2–1,6 76–80 1,6–1,8 80–86 1,8–2,0 90–94 2,0–2,5
Extremities 50–54 0,5–0,8 54–58 1,0–1,6
6.2 With Grid
Thickness
in cm
Up to 5 Up to 10 Up to 15 Up to 20 Up to 25 Up to 30 Up to 35
kV mAs kV mAs kV mAs kV mAs kV mAs kV mAs kV mAs
Abdomen l-l 50–54 1,5–2,1 52–56 2,4–2,7 52–54 3,0–3,7 54–56 3,7–4,8 54–58 4,8–6,0 58–60 6,0–7,5 58–60 7,5–9,6
Spinal Column l-l
54–58 1,2–1,8 58–60 2,4–2,7 62–64 2,7–3,7 64–66 3,7–4,8 68–72 4,8–6,0 74–78 6,0–7,5 76–78 7,5–9,6
Pelvis / HD v-d 62–64 3,0–3,7 64–66 4,8–6,0 66–68 6,0–7,5 68–70 6,0–7,5 70–72 7,5–9,6 72–74 7,5–9,6
Thorax l-l 56 1,0 56–60 1,2–1,5 60–64 1,8–2,4 68–72 1,8–2,4 76–80 2,4–2,7 80–86 2,7–3,0 90–94 3,0–3,8
Extremities 50–54 1,0–1,2 54–58 1,5–2,4
Thickness means the amount of tissue in the center of x-ray. It should be measured correctly in order to fi nd out the right
technique. The recommendation depends on the nutritional status of the patient.
A scattered grid should be used with a thickness of more than 10 cm.
The values given here are exposure recommendations for a fi lm focus distance of 75 cm.
Film system used: green-emitting SC 400
Notes!
You might have to correct the values given in the exposure schedule depending on the fi lm intensifi er screen
system used or when used with digital systems.
For obese animals, the upper range values apply. Very slim animals should be X-rayed with the lower values. Grease is a very
good contrast medium and should usually appear light gray, while soft tissue appears dark gray. Fluid accumulations and
bones appear relatively bright on the radiograph.