enz 10.125TR Series User manual

10.028
10.060ATR
10.060BTR
10.060CTR
10.125TR-xxx
10.061A
10.061B
10.150RL
10.150RS
10.200R
10.300R
10.200RS
10.400R
10.400RS
10.800R
Operating Manual
English
June 20 | Version 1.4
Wire Rope
and Chain Scrapers

Operating Manual
Page 2of 72 ©2020 enz® technik ag June 2020 Version 1.4
1Table of Contents
Preface .............................................................................................. 4
Purpose of the document ................................................................... 4
2Safety ........................................................................................... 5
2.1 Noncompliance with the safety information and its consequences. ........ 5
2.2 Target group .............................................................................................. 5
2.3 User requirements..................................................................................... 5
2.4 Explanation of general safety instructions ................................................ 6
2.5 Information provided in these operating instructions .............................. 6
2.6 Intended use .............................................................................................. 6
2.7 Safety warnings for modifications ............................................................. 7
2.8 Protective equipment for working in manholes, excavations, and channels
8
2.9 General safety instructions...................................................................... 10
3Legal........................................................................................... 12
3.1 Copyright ................................................................................................. 12
3.2 Exclusion of liability ................................................................................. 12
3.3 Warranty conditions ................................................................................ 12
4Wire rope and chain scrapers ...................................................... 13
4.1 Introduction............................................................................................. 13
4.2 Application............................................................................................... 13
4.3 Technical data & overview table ............................................................. 14
5Installation.................................................................................. 16
5.1 Assembling the tools ............................................................................... 16
5.2 Preparatory work..................................................................................... 16
5.3 Setting up the work area ......................................................................... 16
5.4 Adjusting the wire rope and chain scraper to the channel diameter ...... 17

Operating Manual
June 2020 Version 1.4 ©2020 enz® technik ag Page 3of 72
6Operation ................................................................................... 19
6.1 How to operate the tools ........................................................................ 19
6.2 Cleaning easily damaged pipes................................................................ 19
6.3 Cleaning pipes with minor damage ......................................................... 20
6.4 After use .................................................................................................. 20
6.5 Completing the work process .................................................................. 20
6.6 Troubleshooting....................................................................................... 21
7Maintenance............................................................................... 22
7.1 Maintenance after each use .................................................................... 22
7.2Nozzle inserts........................................................................................... 22
7.3 Replacing parts ........................................................................................ 23
7.4 Disposal, environmental protection ........................................................ 23
8Our chain scrapers....................................................................... 24
8.1 Chain scraper 10.028 ............................................................................... 24
8.2 Chain scraper 10.060 A / B / CTR ............................................................. 26
8.3 Chain scraper 10.061 A / B ...................................................................... 30
8.4Chain scraper 10.125TR-xxx..................................................................... 33
8.5 Chain scraper 10.150RL ........................................................................... 39
8.7 Chain scraper 10.200R / 300R / 200RS .................................................... 44
8.8 Chain scraper 10.400R ............................................................................. 58
8.9 Chain scraper 10.800R ............................................................................. 67
8.10 Adjusting the chains for 10.400RS ........................................................... 68
9Index .......................................................................................... 69
9.1 Drawings .................................................................................................. 69
9.2 Figures ..................................................................................................... 70
Version
Revision:
Date
Initials
1.0
Created
January 2019
bho
1.2
Rope brush
April 2019
rri
1.3
Pictures & tables updated
Mai 2019
bho
1.4
Art. No updated

Operating Manual
Page 4of 72 ©2020 enz® technik ag June 2020 Version 1.4
Preface
Dear valued customer,
Thank you for the confidence and trust you've placed in us by purchasing one of our
products.
We always appreciate suggestions and new design ideas. Your feedback will help us
improve the design of our product and the associated documentation.
If you have any questions or suggestions, please contact our Customer Service Depart-
ment.
enz® technik ag Phone +41 41 676 77 66
Schwerzbachstrasse 10 Fax +41 41 676 77 67
www.enz.com
Person responsible for documentation:
Fabian Krasniqi (Tech. Support / QM Manager)
We reserve the right to modify and further enhance our products without prior no-
tice as a result of technological advances. Misprints reserved.
Purpose of the document
The purpose of this manual is to instruct you on how to use our product correctly,
effectively, safely, and for its intended purpose. The user will be informed about risks,
reasonably foreseeable misuse, and residual risks.
Important!
Read carefully before use.
Keep for later reference.
Please read this operating manual thoroughly before using the cleaning tool. Make
sure that all employees who work with the product know how to use it correctly.
The operating manual must be available to all operating personnel at all times. It must
be kept in an easily accessible place.
If the manual is misplaced or destroyed, a new copy can be requested from your near-
est dealer or from the manufacturer directly.

Operating Manual Safety
June 2020 Version 1.4 ©2020 enz® technik ag Page 5of 72
2Safety
2.1 Noncompliance with the safety information and its conse-
quences.
Disregarding these safety instructions may lead to accidents and severe personal inju-
ries, material damage, and damage to the environment.
The manufacturer cannot be held responsible for any damages resulting from noncom-
pliance with these instructions.
2.2 Target group
This manual is intended for all persons who will be involved in the assembly, start-up,
and operation of the pipe cleaning tool.
2.3 User requirements
Personnel intending to assemble, start up and
operate the tool must...
•Be familiar with the field of channel maintenance work and possess the appro-
priate technical knowledge.
•Be trained and instructed appropriately in the use of the product.
Have read and understood the operating manual, in particular the section on
“Safety.”
If your personnel do not possess the necessary knowledge, they must be trained and
instructed on it. If necessary, the pipe cleaning tool manufacturer can provide this in-
struction and training.
Only the maintenance and service activities described in this manual may be per-
formed by users who have met the above-listed requirements. Any additional mainte-
nance and service work may be performed only by qualified specialist personnel from
the manufacturer.
Please refer to the section on "MAINTENANCE".

Safety Operating Manual
Page 6of 72 ©2020 enz® technik ag June 2020 Version 1.4
2.4 Explanation of general safety instructions
The general safety instructions in this section provide information about potential re-
sidual risks, which are inherent to the product and may occur unexpectedly, despite
the proper usage of the product.
In order to prevent personal injuries, material damage, and damage to the environ-
ment, all personnel working with this product must comply with these safety instruc-
tions. It is mandatory for said personnel to read and to understand the information
provided in this section.
2.5 Information provided in these operating instructions
DANGER
Noncompliance may lead to serious injury or loss of life.
WARNING
Noncompliance may lead to serious injury or loss of life and/or
cause a long-term disability.
CAUTION
Noncompliance may lead to injury and considerable material dam-
age, financial loss or damage to the environment.
Information on the technically correct and efficient use of the prod-
uct.
2.6 Intended use
The product is designed to clean the insides of pipes (sewer pipes). The following
points must be followed to ensure proper use of the product.
The cleaning tool may be used only in pipes or pipe-like sewers (referred to
in this document generally as “channels”). The profile to be cleaned must be
free of leaks and surrounded by material.

Operating Manual Safety
June 2020 Version 1.4 ©2020 enz® technik ag Page 7of 72
The tool may be used on the following types of pipes:
oPE pipes
oSteel pipes
oConcrete pipes
For use in pipes made of other material, please consult the manufacturer.
The product may be operated only in pipes with correctly installed and de-
fect-free connections.
Cleaning areas (manholes, pipe branches etc.) need to be sufficiently secured
during the operation, including during construction and cleaning work.
During the cleaning operation, no personnel are allowed inside the pipes or
at either end of the pipes.
The maximum pressure indicated on the nozzle may not be exceeded.
Wastewater may not be drained into watercourses (creeks, rivers etc.).
The product must be inspected to ensure it is in proper working order before
every start-up.
Defects must be rectified before start-up.
Use the tool only as intended. (Use only the correct wrench for nuts).
Secure the hose lines in such a way that they cannot become damaged during
operation.
Only the accessories provided and approved by enz® technik ag may be used.
2.7 Safety warnings for modifications
No other changes or modifications to the pipe cleaning tool may be performed. Only
parts authorized by the manufacturer may be used. The manufacturer is not liable
for damage resulting from unauthorized changes to the product.

Safety Operating Manual
Page 8of 72 ©2020 enz® technik ag June 2020 Version 1.4
2.8 Protective equipment for working in manholes, excavations, and
channels
The employer must provide suitable personal protective equipment and ensure that
it is worn by the employees during work.
In the following section, the protective equipment prescribed by Schweizerische Un-
fallversicherung SUVA (the Swiss Accident Insurance Organization) will be described.
For more information on this, refer to the brochure:
Safe entry and working in manholes, excavations, and channels
(in German, French & Italian)
Order number: 44062.d Suva
Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt
Arbeitssicherheit
Postfach, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland
For information:
Phone +41 41 419 51 11
For orders:
www.suva.ch/waswo
Fax +41 41 419 59 17
Phone +41 41 419 58 51
Respirators
Self-contained respiratory equipment for spending time in danger-
ous atmospheres and for use during rescue operations.
Respirators
Self-rescue respiratory equipment (devices with compressed air
tanks or regeneration devices) for working in sewers and for first aid
for injured persons.
Rescue harness
Rescue harness or protective clothing with a loop sewn into the
neck. During rescue, the rescue rope will be attached to the neck
loop. Injured persons will be lifted out using a rescue lifting device
with a self-actuating load brake.
Suitable working clothing
Leak-proof clothing protects the skin from becoming soiled and from
possible infections. Visually conspicuous work clothing makes the
employee more visible to traffic.

Operating Manual Safety
June 2020 Version 1.4 ©2020 enz® technik ag Page 9of 72
Appropriate footwear
Safety footwear should, in particular, have good grip and be slip-re-
sistant and leak-proof (e.g. rubber boots).
Gloves
Appropriate gloves will protect you from hand injuries and contact
with materials that could impair your health and from untreated wa-
ter.
Hardhat
The hardhat will protect your head from falling objects and from
bumping into fixed components and objects.
Hearing protection
If there is noise that could damage your hearing, you can wear, e.g.
earmuffs with built-in headphones and microphone.
Eye protection
Your eyes should be protected against grit, sprayed dangerous sub-
stances, etc.
Lighting independent of the power grid
For example, you should carry a waterproof flashlight or wear a
flashlight attached to your hardhat.

Safety Operating Manual
Page 10 of 72 ©2020 enz® technik ag June 2020 Version 1.4
2.9 General safety instructions
Danger! | High-pressure water jets
Defects in or unintended use of the product could cause hazards due
to pressurized water spray. Never remain in the channel during op-
eration. Ensure that the product is in perfect condition before oper-
ation. Highly concentrated water jets can cause serious injury and
could even sever limbs. Noncompliance with these safety instruc-
tions could be fatal or could lead to serious injury.
Danger! | Toxic vapors
There can be toxic vapors in channels. Wear the prescribed protec-
tive equipment such as gas masks, gas warning devices and rescue
harnesses. Inhaling toxic vapors or air that is contaminated with par-
ticles could be fatal or lead to serious injuries if the particles enter
the lungs.
Warning! | Falling objects
Around open manholes, objects can fall down into the manhole and
onto the people below. Never remain directly beneath the manhole
opening when guiding the products in. Secure the manhole entrance
against parts that could fall. Do not throw any tools or objects down
into the manhole. Do not enter any manhole where there is a dan-
ger of falling. Personnel could become trapped. Noncompliance with
these safety instructions can be fatal or could lead to serious injury.
Warning! | Chemical burns
There may be unidentified, corrosive, or otherwise harmful sub-
stances in channels. Put on appropriate protective clothing. Use the
protective equipment prescribed. Otherwise, you could suffer from
chemical burns to your skin and eyes or become infected with path-
ogens.

Operating Manual Safety
June 2020 Version 1.4 ©2020 enz® technik ag Page 11 of 72
Warning! | Falls from height
Open manholes are to be expected in the area where you will be
working with the product. You must warn people about open man-
holes. Pay attention to where you are walking. Falling from height
can be fatal or could lead to serious injury.
Warning! | Hand injuries
If the product is tampered with, there is a risk of hand injury due to
getting caught or abrasion. Wear gloves during work. Pay attention
to where you grip the product. Always have two people carry heavy
equipment. Consequences can include crushing injuries, abrasions
or even the loss of a limb.
Caution! | Sharp objects
If the product is tampered with, there is a risk of hand injuries due
to sharp edges. Wear gloves during work. Pay attention to where
you grip the product. Consequences can include cutting injuries to
your hands or other parts of your body.
Caution! | Trip hazards
Lines and other objects are to be expected on the ground in the area
around where the product is being used. Pay attention to where you
are walking. Keep the area of use tidy. Tripping and falling could
cause serious injuries.

Legal Operating Manual
Page 12 of 72 ©2020 enz® technik ag June 2020 Version 1.4
3Legal
3.1 Copyright
This manual shall not be duplicated partially or in its entirety without the prior written
permission of enz®technik ag. It shall not be photocopied, reproduced, translated, or
converted into an electronic or machine-readable format.
©2020 enz® technik ag, 6074 Giswil, Switzerland.
All rights reserved
3.2 Exclusion of liability
The manufacturer is not liable for damage that:
•Is caused as a result of unauthorized changes to the product.
•Is caused by not following the safety instructions.
3.3 Warranty conditions
In accordance with our sales and delivery conditions, we offer a warranty. However,
the warranty is voided if:
•The product is used under conditions that are not permitted by us.
•Replacement and accessory parts that are not original replacement and acces-
sory parts from enz® technik ag are used.
•If there is damage due to:
oImproper use
oNot following the operating manual
oUnsuitable operating equipment
oIncorrect or improper routing of the hose or pipelines
oUnauthorized changes or modifications to or conversions of the product.

Operating Manual Wire rope and chain scrapers
June 2020 Version 1.4 ©2020 enz® technik ag Page 13 of 72
4Wire rope and chain scrapers
4.1 Introduction
enz® chain scrapers are universally usable tools.
The same tool can be adapted and used for a wide range of pipe diameters. Different
deposits such as limescale, cement slurry, roots, etc. can be removed efficiently.
Tools with Art No. 10.XXXR can be operated with recycled water.
In addition, enz® chain scrapers can be modified in various ways. Simple handling
and maintenance are also traits that go hand-in-hand with enz® chain scrapers.
4.2 Application
•Used to prepare for restoration work, such as relining, grouting, or applying coat-
ings
•Complete root removal
•Removal of incrustations and deposits
•Removal of concrete residues in newly-laid channel pipelines (for acceptance in-
spection)

Wire rope and chain scrapers Operating Manual
Page 14 of 72 ©2020 enz® technik ag June 2020 Version 1.4
4.3 Technical data & overview table
Max. working
pressure
[psi]
5000
5000
5000
3600
3600
3600
3600
2900
2900
2900
2900
2900
2900
2900
2900
Max. working
pressure
[bar]
350
350
350
250
250
250
250
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
Minimum flow
rate at 100 bar
[l/min]
20
30/50
30/50
30/50
50/150
60
60
100
100
200
200
200
300
300
400
Weight [kg]
0.32
0.95
0.95
1.05
2.5
1.4
1.4
13.1
13.1
35
35
35
47
47
185
3xM4
2xM6
2xM6
2xM6
2xM6
3xM6
3xM6
3xM8
3xM8
3xM10
3xM10
3xM10
3xM10
3xM10
3xM10
3xM4
4xM6
4xM6
4xM6
4xM8
3xM6
3xM6
3xM10
3xM10
3xM10
3xM10
3xM10
3xM10
3xM10
6xM10
Ø x length [mm]
40/28x81
40x112
40x112
40x134
60x144
60x134
60x134
135/235x500
135/235x500
185/385x560
185/385x560
185/385x560
385/785x625
385/785x625
560/775x1640
Application
range Ø
[mm]
40-100
60-200
60-200
60-200
100-300
80-150
80-150
150-250
200-400
200-400
200-400
200-400
400-800
400-800
800-1200
Connecting
thread
BSPP
1/4"
3/8"
1/2"
3/4"
1"
1/2"
3/4"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1 1/4"
10.028
10.060ATR
10.060BTR
10.060CTR
10.125TR-
10.061A
10.061B
10.150RL
10.150RS
10.200R
10.300R
10.200RS
10.400R
10.400RS
10.800R
Rotating nozzle inserts
Thrust jet inserts
Article number
Table 1 Technical data

Operating Manual Wire rope and chain scrapers
June 2020 Version 1.4 ©2020 enz® technik ag Page 15 of 72
St.
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Ø extensions
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
opt.
opt.
opt.
-
-
-
Pulling
equipment
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
Diamond crow n
drill bit
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
-
Cutter head
St.
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wire brushes
-
-
-
-
opt.
-
-
-
-
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
-
Wire rope loops
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
-
Cutter
-
St.
St.
St.
St.
St.
St.
St.
St.
St.
St.
St.
St.
St.
St.
Link chain
St.
opt.
opt.
opt.
opt.
St.
St.
opt.
St.
opt.
opt.
St.
opt.
St.
opt.
Pin bolt chain
opt.
St.
St.
St.
St.
-
-
St.
opt.
St.
St.
opt.
St.
opt.
St.
Change skids
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Set skids
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Drive type Turbojet
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
opt.
st.
40-100
60-200
60-200
60-200
100-300
80-150
80-150
150-250
200-400
200-400
200-400
200-400
400-800
400-800
800-1200
1/4"
3/8"
1/2"
3/4"
1"
1/2"
3/4"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
1 1/4"
10.028
10.060ATR
10.060BTR
10.060CTR
10.125TR-
10.061A
10.061B
10.150RL
10.150RS
10.200R
10.300R
10.200RS
10.400R
10.400RS
10.800R
Storage set
Accessories & options
standard, included in standard scope of delivery
option, can be ordered
Set skids
Connecting thread
Article number
Adjust chain or wire rope
length
Application range Ø
[mm]
Table 2 Overview of necessary adjustments & options

Installation Operating Manual
Page 16 of 72 ©2020 enz® technik ag June 2020 Version 1.4
5Installation
5.1 Assembling the tools
All tools are supplied ready to be used. Once the tools have been unpacked, please
check the content for completeness.
5.2 Preparatory work
It makes sense to clarify some points before use. Knowledge of the following points is
helpful during preparations and when adjusting the wire rope and chain scraper:
•Layout of the pipes
•Inner pipe diameter of the channel where work will be performed
•Pipe material of the channel where work will be performed
•Type of foreign material in the pipe
•Planned flushing direction →We recommend that you work against the direction
of flow.
•Any type of gradient in the channel where work will be performed
•Access points to the channel
5.3 Setting up the work area
Prior to working with a wire rope or chain scraper, the following procedures must be
followed:
Set up barriers and safety equipment (warning triangle, block off the area, etc.)
The work area must be blocked off and secured so that there is no risk of falling
or other traffic-related dangers.
The necessary information on the wastewater flowing through the manhole must
be obtained (chemicals, gas, vapors, etc.)
Measuring instruments such as explosive gas meters, oxygen meters, gas warning
devices, etc. must be readily available.
You must ensure that the appropriate nozzle sizes for cleaning the pipes are avail-
able. The application range of each nozzle is listed in the "Technical data" section
on Page 14.

Operating Manual Installation
June 2020 Version 1.4 ©2020 enz® technik ag Page 17 of 72
The layout of the pipes (manhole drawings) must be known before starting the
work so that the nozzle can be prevented from emerging at a pipe end. Support
personnel must be on hand to monitor possible emerging points.
Have the liability waiver signed by the customer to protect against any claims for
damages.
If the tools are heavy, then a tripod winch is required to lower the wire rope or
chain scraper into the manhole. It should not be lowered into manhole by the
hose.
5.4 Adjusting the wire rope and chain scraper to the channel diam-
eter
A wire rope or chain scraper must always be adjusted to the inner diameter of the
pipe where work will be performed.
Chain lengths are selected to ensure that the ends are always scraping against the
pipe wall. The only exception is if the work is to be performed in an ovoid profile. Re-
fer to Drawing 1 for the 10.200R example. This prevents the tool from rotating too
fast during operation and causing unnecessary damage to the tool and the channel.
The skids can be adjusted on some articles in the wire rope and chain scraper series;
in others, the skids and the chains are replaced based on the channel pipe diameter.
Figure 1 Blocked off & signed work area

Installation Operating Manual
Page 18 of 72 ©2020 enz® technik ag June 2020 Version 1.4
When adjusting the skid and cage settings, always use the largest possible setting for
the inner channel diameter being worked on.
To correctly install your wire rope or chain scraper, please refer to the pages specifi-
cally about your product in Section 8. You will find tool-specific information on the
chains, ropes and skids to be used and how to adjust them there.
CAUTION
Always use the correct chain or rope length. The chains or
ropes must drag along the pipe wall, and they must not strike
the wall! Otherwise, the pipe wall or the product could be-
come damaged.
Drawing 1 Chain length greater than pipe Ø
Pin bolt chain with end piece for Ø250

Operating Manual Operation
June 2020 Version 1.4 ©2020 enz® technik ag Page 19 of 72
6Operation
6.1 How to operate the tools
1. Flush all loose debris from the pipe prior to working with a standard nozzle. Loose
debris can interfere with the work. If need be, you must use a pointed nozzle or
a Bulldog, with their specialized center spray features, to clear the pipe of roots.
2. The chain scraper is screwed onto the hose unrolled from the vehicle. The thread
size depends on the size of the tool and can be found in the section “1.1 Technical
data” on Page 14.
3. Push the wire rope or chain scraper at least half of its length into the pipe to be
cleaned. If possible, you should work against the direction of flow.
4. Increase the pressure on the wire rope or chain scraper up to 100–120 bar (while
paying attention to any loss of pressure in the hose).
5. Keep an eye on the forward motion while unrolling the hose and pay attention to
the noise from the work. If you notice any irregularities, refer to Troubleshooting
in Section 6.6 on Page 21.
6. Also allow water to run when retracting the wire rope and chain scraper so that
the nozzles do not become clogged.
7. Close the manhole cover once work is completed.
Normally, the nozzle will turn in a counter-clockwise direction when in use. Mean-
while, the connecting thread will turn in a clockwise direction. This prevents the nozzle
from detaching itself from the connecting thread during operation.
6.2 Cleaning easily damaged pipes
Work on pipes that are made of one of the following materials should be performed
with the utmost care due to their low mechanical strength properties:
Plastic (PE, PVC, and more…)
Clayware
Glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFK)
Continue to run the water at low pressure when retracting the
tool. This prevents wastewater from entering the interior of
the nozzle, which can lead to failure.

Operation Operating Manual
Page 20 of 72 ©2020 enz® technik ag June 2020 Version 1.4
6.3 Cleaning pipes with minor damage
Slightly damaged pipes usually exhibit cracks in the pipe wall. If detected, always con-
tact the customer or the appropriate authorities.
When working inside a slightly damaged pipe, extreme caution must be used. Use of
the tool is always at your own risk! enz® technik ag waives all liability!
6.4 After use
After you have completed work, you must still do the following:
1. Rinse the tool with fresh water.
2. Spray OIL SPRAY BIO (Item no. C191) on the entire tool. Then manually turn the
rotor several times.
3. Then check the tool for traces of wear and replace any defective parts if needed.
6.5 Completing the work process
If possible, use a special camera to inspect the cleaned pipes. Look out in particular for
any damage and ensure that no liquids can escape into the environment.
All manholes must be closed after the cleaning has been completed.
CAUTION
If the pressure is too high, the cleaning jet can damage or
cause a break in the pipe wall. This could result in interrup-
tions to the work or material damage.
DANGER
When cracks are washed out, pipe fragments can break off
and the material surrounding the pipe may be flushed out.
When in doubt, you should not use the product. Using it in
these circumstances can result in collapsed channels and ac-
companying injuries or death.
This manual suits for next models
14
Table of contents