evertz 9025TR Series User manual

9025TR Series
Film Footage Encoders
Instruction Manual
© Copyright 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007
EVERTZ MICROSYSTEMS LTD.
5288 John Lucas Drive,
Burlington, Ontario, Canada
L7L 5Z9
Phone: [phone]
Sales Fax: [phone]
Support Fax: [phone]
Internet: Sales: [email protected]
Tech Support: [email protected]
Web Page: http://www.evertz.com
Version 1.3 January 2007
The material contained in this manual consists of information that is the property of Evertz Microsystems and is
intended solely for the use of purchasers of the 9025TR Series Film Footage Encoders. Evertz Microsystems
expressly prohibits the use of this manual for any purpose other than the operation of the device.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the express written permission of
Evertz Microsystems Ltd. Copies of this guide can be ordered from your Evertz products dealer or from Evertz
Microsystems.

INFORMATION TO USERS IN EUROPE
NOTE
CISPR 22 CLASS A DIGITAL DEVICE OR PERIPHERAL
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to the European Union EMC directive. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation
of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which
case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
INFORMATION TO USERS IN THE U.S.A.
NOTE
FCC CLASS A DIGITAL DEVICE OR PERIPHERAL
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a
commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction
manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the
user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
WARNING
Changes or Modifications not expressly approved by Evertz Microsystems Ltd. could
void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
Use of unshielded plugs or cables may cause radiation interference. Properly shielded interface cables
with the shield connected to the chassis ground of the device must be used.

9025TR Series Film Footage Encoders Manual
REVISION HISTORY
REVISION DESCRIPTION DATE
1.0 Preliminary Version Feb 01
1.1 Updated Installation, Added System Calibration Mar 01
1.2 Merge to 1 Document for all 9025 Series Dec 02
Updated Parameters, added Debug Window Info, updated emulsion Code table
1.3 Updated Typos, added info for Spirit 2K/4K telecine, updated emulsion code table Jan 07
Information contained in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Evertz assumes no responsibility for the use thereof nor for
the rights of third parties, which may be effected in any way by the use thereof. Any representations in this document concerning performance of
Evertz products are for informational use only and are not warranties of future performance, either express or implied. The only warranty offered by
Evertz in relation to this product is the Evertz standard limited warranty, stated in the sales contract or order confirmation form.
Although every attempt has been made to accurately describe the features, installation and operation of this product in this manual, no warranty is
granted nor liability assumed in relation to any errors or omissions unless specifically undertaken in the Evertz sales contract or order confirmation.
Information contained in this manual is periodically updated and changes will be incorporated into subsequent editions. If you encounter an error,
please notify Evertz Customer Service department. Evertz reserves the right, without notice or liability, to make changes in equipment design or
specifications.

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9025TR Series Film Footage Encoders Manual
Revision 1.3 Page i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1. HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL.................................................................................................1-2
1.2. 2:3 PULLDOWN CREATION FROM 24P VIDEO....................................................................1-3
1.3. DEFINITIONS...........................................................................................................................1-4
2. INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................................1-2
2.1. REAR PANEL ..........................................................................................................................2-3
2.1.1. High Definition Video Connections ............................................................................2-3
2.1.2. Standard Definition Video Connections.....................................................................2-4
2.1.3. Colour Black Reference Connections........................................................................2-4
2.1.4. Video Recorder Timecode Connectors......................................................................2-4
2.1.5. Audio Timecode Connectors......................................................................................2-5
2.1.6. Telecine Connections ................................................................................................2-5
2.1.7. Key-Log Tracker Serial I/O Connections ...................................................................2-6
2.1.8. KeyKode Reader Connections...................................................................................2-6
2.1.9. Power Connections....................................................................................................2-7
2.2. MOUNTING ..............................................................................................................................2-7
2.3. POWER REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................2-7
2.3.1. Changing the Fuse.....................................................................................................2-7
2.4. SAMPLE CONFIGURATIONS.................................................................................................2-7
2.5. CONNECTING THE VIDEO ...................................................................................................2-10
2.5.1. High Definition Video Input and output ....................................................................2-10
2.5.2. Standard Definition Video Input and output.............................................................2-11
2.6. CONNECTING THE VIDEO RECORDER TIME CODE.........................................................2-11
2.6.1. Connecting the Video LTC Generator......................................................................2-12
2.6.2. Connecting the Video LTC Reader..........................................................................2-12
2.7. CONNECTING THE AUDIO PLAYER TIME CODE ..............................................................2-12
2.7.1. Connecting the Audio LTC Generator......................................................................2-12
2.7.2. Connecting the Audio LTC Reader..........................................................................2-13
2.8. CONNECTING THE 9025TR TO KEYLOG TRACKER™ .......................................................2-13
2.8.1. Physical Connections...............................................................................................2-13
2.8.2. Installing KEYLOG TRACKER™...............................................................................2-14
2.9. CONNECTIONS TO A TELECINE EDIT CONTROLLER......................................................2-16
2.10.CONNECTING A TLC EDIT CONTROLLER.........................................................................2-16
2.11.CONNECTING A CINTEL TELECINE ...................................................................................2-17
2.11.1. Biphase Tach from the Cintel Telecine....................................................................2-17
2.11.2. Cintel Film Frame Pulse...........................................................................................2-18
2.11.3. Cintel URSA Gold / URSA Diamond / RASCAL.......................................................2-18
2.11.4. Cintel C-Reality / DSX..............................................................................................2-19
2.11.5. Verifying the Connections to a Cintel Telecine........................................................2-20

9025TR Series Film Footage Encoders Manual
Revision 1.3 Page ii
2.12.CONNECTING AN ITK TELECINE........................................................................................2-21
2.12.1. Biphase Tach from the ITK Telecine........................................................................2-21
2.12.2. ITK Film Frame Pulse ..............................................................................................2-21
2.12.3. ITK Millennium.........................................................................................................2-22
2.12.4. Verifying the Connections to an ITK Telecine..........................................................2-23
2.13.CONNECTING A PHILIPS/THOMSON TELECINE...............................................................2-23
2.13.1. Biphase Tach from the Philips/Thomson Telecine...................................................2-23
2.13.2. Philips/Thomson Film Frame Pulse .........................................................................2-23
2.13.3. Philips QUADRA......................................................................................................2-24
2.13.4. Philips / Thomson Spirit / Shadow...........................................................................2-26
2.13.5. GVG/Thomson Spirit 2K/4K.....................................................................................2-27
2.13.6. Verifying the Connections to a Philips/Thomson/GVG Telecine..............................2-27
2.14.CONNECTING A SONY VIALTA TELECINE ........................................................................2-27
2.14.1. Biphase Tach from the Sony Telecine.....................................................................2-28
2.14.2. Sony Film Frame Pulse............................................................................................2-28
2.14.3. Verifying the Connections to a Sony Telecine .........................................................2-29
2.15.CONNECTING A FILM BARCODE READER .......................................................................2-29
2.15.1. Hardware Installation...............................................................................................2-30
2.15.2. Connecting Evertz 5500 or RIM DigiSync KeyKode Readers..................................2-30
2.15.3. Verifying Communications between the 9025TR and the KeyKode Reader............2-31
3. CALIBRATING THE 9025TR SYSTEM TIMING...............................................................................3-1
3.1. CONFIGURING THE TELECINE SETUP ................................................................................3-1
3.2. VERIFYING THE BASIC TELECINE SETUP TIMING.............................................................3-2
3.3. BIPHASE ACCURACY TEST..................................................................................................3-3
3.4. LEARNING THE KEYKODE READER HEAD OFFSET..........................................................3-5
3.5. KEYKODE ACCURACY TEST ................................................................................................3-7
3.6. CALIBRATING THE SYSTEM TIMING IN 24P DUAL SYNC MODE......................................3-8
3.6.1. Setting up the System Timing for 24p Video..............................................................3-9
3.6.2. Calibrating the Telecine Sync Timing ........................................................................3-9
3.6.3. Calibrating the HD VTR Timing................................................................................3-10
3.6.4. Calibrating the SD VTR Timing................................................................................3-11
4. SYSTEM PARAMETERS AND DEBUG WINDOWS........................................................................4-1
4.1. SYSTEM PARAMETERS.........................................................................................................4-1
4.2. 9025 INPUT/OUTPUT PIN FUNCTIONS .................................................................................4-2
5. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................5-1
5.1. SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................................5-1
5.1.1. HDTV Serial Digital Video Input.................................................................................5-1
5.1.2. HDTV Serial Digital Video Outputs ............................................................................5-1
5.1.3. SDTV Serial Digital Video Input.................................................................................5-1
5.1.4. SDTV Serial Digital Video Output ..............................................................................5-1
5.1.5. Analog Monitor Video Output.....................................................................................5-2

9025TR Series Film Footage Encoders Manual
Revision 1.3 Page iii
5.1.6. LTC Generators .........................................................................................................5-2
5.1.7. LTC Readers..............................................................................................................5-2
5.1.8. Serial Remote Control................................................................................................5-2
5.1.9. KeyKode Reader Port................................................................................................5-2
5.1.10. Telecine Interface ......................................................................................................5-3
5.1.11. GPIO Interface...........................................................................................................5-3
5.1.12. Physical......................................................................................................................5-3
5.1.13. Electrical ....................................................................................................................5-3
5.2. UPGRADING FIRMWARE.......................................................................................................5-3
5.3. UPGRADING FIRMWARE USING KEYLOG TRACKER........................................................5-4
5.3.1. Step 1 – Configuring the unit for Firmware upgrades. ...............................................5-4
5.3.2. Step 2 – KeyLog Tracker Setup.................................................................................5-4
5.4. UPGRADING FIRMWARE USING A TERMINAL PROGRAM................................................5-5
5.4.1. Step 1 – Configuring the unit for Firmware upgrades. ...............................................5-5
5.4.2. Step 2 – Terminal program Setup..............................................................................5-5
5.4.3. Step 3 – Uploading the new firmware........................................................................5-6
5.4.4. Step 4 – Completing the Upgrade..............................................................................5-7
5.5. TROUBLESHOOTING .............................................................................................................5-7
5.6. 9025 DEBUG WINDOWS.........................................................................................................5-7
5.6.1. WIN BP (0) Biphase Display.....................................................................................5-8
5.6.2. WIN HW (1) Hardware Display .................................................................................5-8
5.6.3. WIN TFPHASE (2) Timecode to Film Phase Indicator..............................................5-8
5.6.4. WIN SCAN (3) KeyKode Error And Scantrack Display.............................................5-9
5.6.5. WIN VFLD2 (4) Video Field 2 ...................................................................................5-9
5.6.6. WIN VPULL (5) Video Pulldown................................................................................5-9
5.6.7. WIN F0 (6) KeyKode Frames 0.................................................................................5-9
5.6.8. WIN V0 (7) Video Timecode Frames 0.....................................................................5-9
5.6.9. WIN A0 (8) Audio Timecode Frames 0.....................................................................5-9
5.6.10. WIN PULLT (9) Pulldown Type.................................................................................5-9
5.6.11. WIN VAPHASE (10) Timebase Phase....................................................................5-10
5.6.12. WIN REF (11) 6Hz Reference Info..........................................................................5-10
5.6.13. WIN FRAME (12) Frame Pulse Input Analysis .......................................................5-10
5.6.14. WIN GPI (13) GPI Input Frame Number.................................................................5-10
5.6.15. WIN DLO (14) Data Logging Output.......................................................................5-11
5.6.16. WIN VIDEO (15) Video Mode Indicator...................................................................5-11
5.6.17. WIN BPPHASE (16) Biphase Reference Edge Phase............................................5-11
5.6.18. WIN KKSTAT (17) KeyKode Reader Stats.............................................................5-11
5.6.19. WIN ASCAN (18) Film Timecode Stats...................................................................5-12
5.6.20. WIN ABSREF (19) Reference Point for JAM After Reference Mode......................5-12
5.6.21. WIN IDLE (20) Processor Idle Measurement..........................................................5-12
5.6.22. WIN VLTC (21) Video LTC Reader Stats................................................................5-12
5.6.23. WIN ALTC (22) Audio LTC Reader Stats................................................................5-13
5.6.24. WIN ERRORS (23) Pop up errors...........................................................................5-13
5.6.25. WIN ANC VTR (24) ANC Video timecode...............................................................5-13
5.6.26. WIN ANC ABS (25) ANC Absolute Frames............................................................5-13
5.6.27. WIN RP215_X (26) RP215 Stats............................................................................5-13
5.6.28. WIN REV (always the 2nd last display) Firmware Revision .....................................5-14
5.6.29. WIN RAM (always the last display) RAM Display...................................................5-14

9025TR Series Film Footage Encoders Manual
Revision 1.3 Page iv
6. FILM EMULSION CODES.................................................................................................................6-1
Figures
Figure 1-1: 3:2 Pulldown Creation..................................................................................................................... 1-3
Figure 2-1: SD9025TR Rear Panel ................................................................................................................... 2-3
Figure 2-2: HD9025TR – (Early versions) Rear Panel...................................................................................... 2-3
Figure 2-3: HD9025TR – (Later versions) Rear Panel...................................................................................... 2-3
Figure 2-4: HDSD9025TR Rear Panel.............................................................................................................. 2-3
Figure 2-5: HDSD9025DDR Rear Panel........................................................................................................... 2-3
Figure 2-6: High Definition (1080p/24) Connections......................................................................................... 2-8
Figure 2-7: High Definition (1080i/60 or 1080i/50) Connections....................................................................... 2-9
Figure 2-8: Standard Definition (525i/60 or 625i/50) Connections.................................................................. 2-10
Figure 2-9: Cable to Connect 9025TR to PC Communications Port............................................................... 2-14
Figure 2-10: Connecting KeyLog Tracker to 9025TR and HD9150 using 2 COM Ports ................................ 2-14
Figure 2-11: Cintel Frame Pulse (shown for 2:3 Transfers)............................................................................ 2-18
Figure 2-12: Cable to Connect URSA Gold / URSA Diamond / RASCAL Biphase to 9025TR ...................... 2-19
Figure 2-13: Cable to Connect C-Reality Biphase to 9025TR ........................................................................ 2-20
Figure 2-14: ITK OPD Pulse (shown for 2:3 Transfers) .................................................................................. 2-21
Figure 2-15: Cable to Connect Millennium Biphase to 9025TR......................................................................2-22
Figure 2-16: Philips SOF Pulse (shown for 2:3 Transfers).............................................................................. 2-23
Figure 2-17: Cable to Connect Quadra to the 9025TR ................................................................................... 2-25
Figure 2-18: Cable to Connect Spirit/Shadow to the 9025TR......................................................................... 2-26
Figure 2-19: Cable to Connect Spirit 2K/4K to the 9025TR ............................................................................ 2-27
Figure 2-20: Sony SEQ Pulse (shown for 2:3 Transfers)................................................................................ 2-28
Figure 2-21: Cable to Connect Sony Vialta Biphase to the 9025TR............................................................... 2-29
Figure 2-22: Cable to Connect 9025TR to 5550 KeyKode Reader................................................................. 2-30
Figure 2-23: Cable to Connect 9025TR to 5500 KeyKode Reader................................................................. 2-31
Figure 3-1: Correct 24P Edit Timing................................................................................................................ 3-12
Figure 3-2: Incorrect 24P Edit Timing.............................................................................................................. 3-13
Tables
Table 2-1: Parallel I/O Connector Pin Definitions.............................................................................................. 2-5
Table 2-2: Serial Control Connector Pin Definitions.......................................................................................... 2-6
Table 2-3: KeyKode Reader Connector Pin Definitions.................................................................................... 2-6
Table 2-4: High Definition Video Input Formats .............................................................................................. 2-11
Table 2-5: Standard Definition Video Input Formats....................................................................................... 2-11
Table 3-1: 7750SRG-HD Sync Output Selection Switch Settings.....................................................................3-9
Table 4-1: Class 0 - Global System Parameters............................................................................................... 4-1
Table 4-2: Class 1: Telecine Parameters (linked to a specific telecine type)....................................................4-1
Table 4-3: Class 25 - 9025 System Parameters ............................................................................................... 4-1
Table 4-4: Default 9025 I/O Pin Functions ........................................................................................................ 4-2
Table 4-5: Alternate 9025 Input Pin Functions.................................................................................................. 4-3
Table 4-6: Alternate 9025 Output Pin Functions............................................................................................... 4-3
Table 5-1: 9025 Debug Window Functions....................................................................................................... 5-7
Table 6-1: Agfa Emulsion Codes....................................................................................................................... 6-1
Table 6-2: Kodak Emulsion Codes.................................................................................................................... 6-2
Table 6-3: Fuji Emulsion Codes ........................................................................................................................ 6-3

9025TR Series Film Footage Encoders Manual
Revision 1.3
CHAPTER 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1. HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL.................................................................................................1-2
1.2. 2:3 PULLDOWN CREATION FROM 24P VIDEO....................................................................1-3
1.3. DEFINITIONS...........................................................................................................................1-4

9025TR Series Film Footage Encoders Manual
Revision 1.3
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9025TR Series Film Footage Encoders Manual
OVERVIEW Revision 1.3 Page 1-1
1. OVERVIEW
The Evertz Film post production system is designed to simplify the management of your film to tape
transfers for both standard definition and high definition video. At the heart of the system is the 9025TR
Film Footage Encoder that is available in three different versions to provide the user with the optimal
price/performance combination for his particular application. Throughout this manual the term 9025TR will
be used to describe the Film Footage encoders when describing common features. When necessary, the
specific model numbers will be used to distinguish features only available on some models.
High Definition Video Standard Definition Video
Model HD SDI
Input Program HD SDI Out SDI Input Program SDI Out SDI Mon Out Analog Mon Out
SD9025TR 1 1 1 1
HD9025TR 1 2
HDSD9025TR 1 2 1 1 1 1
HDSD9025DDR 2 1 2 1 1 1
Under control of the powerful KeyLog TRACKER™ software, the 9025TR Film Footage encoders permit
the seamless integration of video and audio time codes, film KeyKode and production information whether
you are transferring to 25 or 30Fps standard definition video, or to 24, 25 or 30Fps high definition video.
During the transfer, KeyLog TRACKER™, Evertz telecine logging and configuration management tool logs
the relationships between these important parameters and outputs many industry standard interchange file
formats for use by off-line editing systems.
In standard definition mode, the HDSD9025TR and SD9025TR encode the time codes and KeyKode into
industry standard SMPTE RP201 3-line VITC on one SDI output, and provides separate SDI and analog
outputs with burned in characters for offline editing copies. In high definition mode, the HDSD9025TR and
HD9025TR encode the time codes, KeyKode and production information into industry standard SMPTE
RP215 vertical ancillary (VANC) data packets. Separate LTC inputs and outputs for the audio and video
time codes, allows handling of mixed film rate and video rate time codes. The programmable telecine
interface allows the encoder to interface to a wide variety of telecine configurations.
The HDSD9025DDR multi resolution Film post production system is designed to improve the throughput of
your film to tape transfers by utilizing digital hard disk recorders (DDR). Complete rolls of film are
transferred with little or no colour correction, and without time consuming audio syncing, to a DDR. During
this process KeyKode information is encoded into the VANC data space using a 9025 series Film Footage
Encoder. For DDRs that support recording at one speed and playout at another, the film can be
transferred at 30 FPS realizing an immediate 25% increase in throughput in the telecine bay. In a
separate colour correction suite the DDR becomes a virtual telecine source during colour correction and
audio syncing. KeyKode information recorded on the DDR is recovered by the HDSD9025DDR before it is
removed by the colour corrector. The recovered KeyKode, video and audio time codes, and production
data associated with the material are re-encoded on the colour corrected video before it is recorded on the
master VTR.
The HD9150, HD9155, HD9150Q, and HD9155Q Afterburners are powerful devices designed to facilitate
the creation of off-line tapes from high definition telecine master tapes. The Afterburners downconvert the
HDTV input video to SDI and analog standard definition video. When the input video is in the 1080p/24sF
format the Afterburners also create a 2:3 pulldown on the output video to create a 30Fps output. The
Afterburners read the RP215 film transfer data that was encoded by the HDSD9025TR or HD9025TR
during the telecine transfer and makes burn-in windows. The essential timecode and KeyKode data are

9025TR Series Film Footage Encoders Manual
OVERVIEW Revision 1.3 Page 1-2
also converted into RP201 3-line VITC and output by the Afterburner. The Afterburner automatically
generates video timecode for the standard definition VTR that is converted from 24 to 30Fps, and delayed
to match the complete ‘A’ frame cycle of delay through the Afterburner. In addition to all the features of
the other HD915X series Afterburners, the new HDSD9155Q Afterburner has the ability to burn the
timecode and KeyKode data into the high definition video directly without down conversion.
The Evertz KeyLog Tracker software allows the user to store multiple configurations for both the 9025TR
Film Footage Encoders and the Afterburners. When using the HDSD9025TR, a simple on screen control
in the Tracker software performs switching between video resolutions. Toolbar buttons allow the user to
quickly choose which device is being addressed.
Features:
• SD9025TR and HDSD9025TR operating in standard definition mode accept SMPTE 259M (270 Mb/s)
525i/59.94 and 625i/50 digital video.
• HD9025TR and HDSD9025TR operating in high definition mode accepts SMPTE 292M (1.485 Gb/s)
1080i/59.94, 1080i/50 1080p/29.97sF, 1080p/25sF and 1080p/23.98sF digital video.
• Interfaces to Evertz 5550 or 5500 KeyKode Reader
• Separate LTC reader and generator for video and audio time codes operating at 30, 25 and 24 Fps
• Control from Evertz KeyLog TRACKER™ software
• Encodes film transfer information in SMPTE RP215 VANC for high definition video and SMPTE RP201
3-Line VITC for standard definition video
• HDSD9025TR has separate inputs and outputs for STDV and HDTV video
• Character burns available on SDI and monitor Analog outputs for SDTV
Additional Features on HDSD9025DDR:
• Interfaces to industry standard DDRs that record and play back RP215 VANC data
• Auxiliary HD and SD video inputs read KeyKode encoded in VANC before it is removed by the colour
corrector
• Programmable telecine interface also allows it to be used in traditional film to tape applications.
1.1. HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
This manual is organised into 6 chapters: Overview, Installation, Calibration, System Parameters,
Technical Description and Film Emulsion Codes. The overview section contains a brief overview of the
9025TR operation and features, a tutorial on 2:3 pulldown and a glossary to define concepts and terms
used throughout the remainder of the manual. We highly recommend taking the time to become familiar
with the terms and concepts described here before proceeding into the rest of the manual.
Chapter 2 gives a detailed description of the rear panel connectors, and how the 9025TR should be
connected into your system.
Chapter 3 shows how to calibrate the system timing and verify that the 9025TR is accurately numbering
the film and video frames.
Chapter 4 gives a discussion of how the default operation of the 9025TR can be changed using System
Parameters. The system parameters can affect the system timing through the Afterburner, placement of
characters on the raster, 2:3 cadence control, functions of parallel inputs and outputs to name a few.
Chapter 5 lists the specifications, gives a discussion of how to update the firmware in the 9025TR and also
gives a troubleshooting section with an overview of the Debug character windows available.

9025TR Series Film Footage Encoders Manual
OVERVIEW Revision 1.3 Page 1-3
Chapter 6 gives a list of the KeyKode emulsion codes supported at the time of writing.
"Items of special note are indicated with a double box like this.
1.2. 2:3 PULLDOWN CREATION FROM 24P VIDEO
When an input video feed of 1080p/23.98sF is fed to the either HQ9150 or HD9150 HD Afterburner, the
HD Afterburner inserts extra fields to create a 2:3 pulldown of the picture on the downconverted output
resulting in a 525i/59.94 output. Determination of the output sequence of the fields is determined from a 6
Hz input pulse on the HD Afterburner parallel I/O connector, or from ancillary or LTC time code if it is
present. Figure 1-1 shows the process of creating the 2:3 pulldown from the progressive video input.
A 6 Hz pulse applied to the Parallel I/O connector will normally identify the input frame that will become an
A frame at the output (called the A frame candidate). This 6 Hz pulse must be coincident with the start of
an input frame and can be generated using the Evertz 7700SRG-HD Slave Reference Generator module.
The output of the A frame candidate frame will start four input frames later and will consist of two video
fields.
In the absence of a 6 Hz input, video timecode derived from film ancillary data present on the video input
or LTC on the Video Timecode In connector of the HD9150 can be used to control the pulldown cadence.
Input video frames with frame numbers divisible evenly by 4 will normally identify the input frame that will
become an A frame at the output (the A frame candidate). The output of the A frame candidate frame will
start four input frames later and will consist of two video fields.
The 4 input frame (5 output frame) delay through the HD Afterburner ensures that A frames on the output
are aligned with A frame candidates on the input. The systems designer must take account of this delay
through the HD Afterburner when designing the audio path. This delay may be accomplished using an
Evertz 7740DLY-AES4 Quad AES Delay module. This delay must also be compensated for when
calibrating the edit timing for the Standard definition VTR.
0 1 2 3
0
odd 0 even 1 odd 1 even 2 odd 2 even 3 odd 3 even
1080p/23.98sF
525i/59.94
Frame
Buffer
A Frame Candidate
6 Hz cycle
4
A Frame Candidate
4
odd 4 even
0
odd 0 even 1 odd 1 even 1 odd 2 even 2 odd 3 even 3 odd 3 even
A Frame B Frame C Frame D Frame
Figure 1-1: 3:2 Pulldown Creation

9025TR Series Film Footage Encoders Manual
OVERVIEW Revision 1.3 Page 1-4
1.3. DEFINITIONS
2K: A Film image scanned into a computer file at a resolution of 2048 horizontal pixels.
2K: (DaVinci 2K) A colour corrector manufactured by DaVinci Systems. This colour corrector
usually is accompanied with a TLC Edit Controller.
2:3 PULLDOWN: Film is typically viewed at 24 frames per second (Fps) while NTSC video is viewed at 30
Fps. To compensate for this difference in the frame rates, telecines use a 2:3 pulldown. Since
each video frame is comprised of two video fields, video is viewed at 60 fields per second.
Telecines can transfer 24 film frames to 60 video fields (30 video frames). The resulting ratio is
24:60 or 2:5, which means 2 film frames every 5 video fields. The 2:3 implies that one of the
film frames is transferred to 2 video fields, the following film frame is transferred to 3 video
fields, and so on.
24p: A progressively scanned high definition video format with 1920 pixels and 1080 lines. (See also
description sF.)
3 Line VITC: A SMPTE recommended practice (RP201) for encoding Video and audio time code and
KeyKode information into the vertical interval of a standard definition video signal. This method
of encoding the information is intended for use in post production as a means of conveying the
essential address elements that define the film to tape transfer. The encoded data is contained
in a block of three consecutive lines of the vertical interval. The first line contains the video
time code, the second line contains the KeyKode information, and the third line contains the
audio timecode.
4K: A Film image scanned into a computer file at a resolution of 4096 horizontal pixels. 4K is
considered to be a full-resolution scan of 35mm film.
4 Fsc Composite Digital video as used in D2 and D3 VTRs. Stands for 4 times the Frequency of
Subcarrier, which is the sampling rate used.
4:2:2 The sampling ratio used in the D1 (CCIR 601) digital video signal. For every 4 samples of
luminance there are 2 samples each of R-Y (Red minus Luminance) and B-Y (Blue minus
luminance).
4:4:4 A sampling ratio that has equal amounts of the luminance and both chrominance channels.
16x9 A wide screen television format in which the aspect ratio of the screen is 16 units wide by 9
high as opposed to the 4x3 of normal TV.
Aaton Code An in-camera film timecode system (also known as Matrix Time Code), exposed in the
camera during filming, carries data that is both machine-readable (a matrix of dots for each film
frame) and man-readable for its conversion into SMPTE time code. Aaton Code specifically
contains the production timecode synchronizing data, hour, minute, second, frame, year,
month, day, production ID, camera ID and camera speed. Aaton Code, the original format and
Aaton Code II, the current format are both readable by Evertz UV series reader heads and
model 5550 Universal decoder.
A-Frame Edit: A video edit which starts on the first frame of the 5 video frame (4 film frame) sequence
created when 24 frame film is transferred to 30 frame video (see 3:2 pulldown). The A-frame is
the only frame in the sequence where a film frame is completely reproduced on one complete

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video frame. Here is the full sequence. (The letters correspond to film frames.) A-frame =
video fields 1&2 (AA), B-frame = video fields 1&2&1 (BBB), C-frame = video fields 2&1 (CC), D-
frame = video fields 2&1&2 (DDD).
AES/EBU:(Sometimes abbreviated as AES) Refers to the digital audio standard (AES3-1992) set by the
Audio Engineering Society and European Broadcast Union and used by most forms of digital
audio from CDs to professional digital video.
ARRI Code An in-camera film timecode system, exposed in the camera during filming, carries machine-
readable data (a modulated series bars similar to SMPTE LTC for each film frame). ARRI
Code specifically contains the production timecode data, hour, minute, second, frame, year,
month, day, and camera ID. ARRI Code is readable by Evertz UV series reader heads and
model 5550 Universal decoder.
Aspect Ratio:The ratio of width to height in a picture. Theatre screens generally have an aspect ratio of
1.85 to 1, widescreen TV (16x9) is 1.77 to 1, and normal TV (4x3) is 1.33 to 1.
CCIR (International Radio Consultative Committee) An international standards committee. (This
organisation is now known as ITU.)
CCIR-601:See ITU-R601.
CCIR-656 (This document is now known as ITU-R656). The physical parallel and serial interconnect
scheme for ITU-R601. CCIR-656 defines the parallel connector pinouts as well as the
blanking, sync and multiplexing schemes used in both parallel and serial interfaces. It reflects
definitions found in EBU Tech 3267 (for 625 line systems) and SMPTE 125M (parallel 525 line
systems) and SMPTE 259M (serial 525 line systems).
Cliff effect: (also referred to as the ‘digital cliff’) This is a phenomenon found in digital video systems
that describes the sudden deterioration of picture quality when due to excessive bit errors,
often caused by excessive cable lengths. The digital signal will be perfect even though one of
its signal parameters is approaching or passing the specified limits. At a given moment
however, the parameter will reach a point where the data can no longer be interpreted
correctly, and the picture will be totally unrecognisable.
Component analog: The non-encoded output of a camera, video tape recorder, etc., consisting of the
three primary colour signals: red, green, and blue (RGB) that together convey all necessary
picture information. In some component video formats these three components have been
translated into a luminance signal and two colour difference signals, for example Y, B-Y, R-Y.
Component digital: A digital representation of a component analog signal set, most often Y, B-Y, R-Y.
The encoding parameters are specified by CCIR-601. CCIR-656 and SMPTE 125M specify the
parallel interface.
Composite analog: An encoded video signal such as NTSC or PAL video that includes horizontal and
vertical synchronising information.
Composite digital: A digitally encoded video signal, such as NTSC or PAL video that includes
horizontal and vertical synchronising information.

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D1: A component digital video recording format that uses data conforming to the ITU-R601
standard. Records on 19 mm magnetic tape. (Often used incorrectly to refer to component
digital video.)
D2: A composite digital video recording format that uses data conforming to SMPTE 244M.
Records on 19 mm magnetic tape. (Often used incorrectly to refer to composite digital video.)
D3: A composite digital video recording format that uses data conforming to SMPTE 244M.
Records on 1/2" magnetic tape.
D5: A component digital video recording format that uses data conforming to the ITU-R601
standard. Records on 1/2" magnetic tape.
HD-D5: A component digital video recording format that uses data conforming to the ITU-R709
standard. Records on 1/2" magnetic tape.
Drop frame: In NTSC systems, where the frame rate is 29.97002618 frames per second, the drop frame
mode permits time of day indexing of the frame numbers by dropping certain frame numbers.
Specifically, frames 0, and 1 at the beginning of each minute except minutes 0,10,20,30,40, &
50, are omitted, to compensate for an approximate timing error of 108 frames (3 seconds 18
frames) per hour. A flag bit is set in the time code to signal when the drop frame mode is in
effect.
EBU (European Broadcasting Union): An organisation of European broadcasters that among other
activities provides technical recommendations for the 625/50 line television systems.
EBU tech 3267-E: The EBU recommendation for the parallel interface of 625 line digital video signal.
This is a revision of the earlier EBU Tech 3246-E standard that was in turn derived from
ITU-R601.
EDH Error Detection and Handling (EDH) is defined in SMPTE RP-165 as a method of determining
when bit errors have occurred along the digital video path. According to RP-165, two error
detection check words are used, one for active picture samples, and the other on a full field of
samples. Three sets of flags are used to convey information regarding detected errors, to
facilitate identification of faulty equipment or cabling. One set of flags is associated with each
check word, and the third is used to evaluate ancillary data integrity. The check words and
flags are combined into a special error-detection data packet that is included as ancillary data
in the serial digital signal.
Embedded audio: Digital audio is multiplexed onto a serial digital video data stream.
Edge number: The manufacturers of motion picture film stock print a frame identifying number along
the edge of the film, during the manufacturing process. These numbers, also known as KEY
NUMBERS, occur at one foot, or half-foot intervals, hence they have also become known as
footage numbers. The film frames between the edge numbers are identified by interpolation
from one edge number to the next. (Also see KeyKode)
Traditionally, these numbers have been only human-readable. The task of properly identifying
the correct number is somewhat tedious, and prone to error, so much care must be taken in
establishing the reference frame's number.

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Film Time Code: See Aaton Code, ARRI Code
Gen lock: In order to derive the 6 Hz relationship between 23.98 Fps and 29.97 Fps frame boundaries,
and to ensure that the timecode to 6 Hz relationship is fixed, an NTSC colour black video
reference must be supplied to the HD9025TR Film Footage Encoder. Normally, the gen lock
signal is the colour black system reference to which the 24p tri-level sync generator is gen
locked. The gen lock reference is only necessary when the system video type is
1080p/23.98sF.
Ink number: An identifying number is stamped along the edge of the work print and the associated
magnetic audio stock. These numbers, also known as ACMADE NUMBERS, occur at one foot
intervals, hence they have also become known as footage numbers. The film frames between
the edge numbers are identified by interpolation from one edge number to the next.
These Ink Numbers are typically used to keep the picture and sound in sync throughout the
work print conforming process.
ITU: The United Nations regulatory body governing all forms of communications. ITU-R (previously
CCIR) regulates the radio frequency spectrum, while ITU-T (previously CCITT) deals with the
telecommunications standards.
ITU-R601: An international standard for standard definition component digital television from which was
derived SMPTE 125M and EBU 3246-E standards. ITU-R601 defines the sampling systems,
matrix values and filter characteristics for both Y, B-Y, R-Y and RGB component digital
television signals.
ITU-R709: An international standard for High definition component digital television from which was
derived SMPTE 274M and SMPTE 296M standards. ITU-R709 defines the sampling systems,
matrix values and filter characteristics for both Y, B-Y, R-Y and RGB component digital
television signals.
Jam sync:Refers to the operation of slaving the generator to data coming from the reader. Jam sync
should be used when dubbing time code from one tape to another, as the quality of the time
code signal deteriorates with each generation, and will become unusable after the third
generation.
In the jam sync mode, the generator and reader times are compared with each other during
each frame, automatically compensating for the decoding offsets. If for any reason they are not
equal, the jam is bypassed, and the next frame number is substituted by the generator. If the
number of consecutive jam bypass errors exceeds 5, the last valid reader time is jammed into
the generator again. In the absence of valid reader data within the last 5 frames, the generator
continues to increment normally until valid reader code resumes. At this time it will be re-
jammed to the reader, thus repairing large dropouts on the reader tape.
KeyKode: Machine readable bar-coded edge numbers introduced by Eastman Kodak in 1988, and
subsequently standardised for all film manufacturers by the Society of Motion Picture and
Television Engineers as SMPTE 254M (35mm), SMPTE 271M (16mm), SMPTE 270M (65mm
– 80 perf repetition) and SMPTE 313M (65mm – 120 perf repetition). AGFA refers to it as
BAR Code, and FUJI as MR Code. For the sake of consistency throughout this manual we
shall refer to it as KeyKode.

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Key Info: (also called KeyKode Prefix) The part of the KeyKode number that does not fit into the user bits
of time code. The Key Info data normally consists of the film manufacturer ID, the film
emulsion letter, and the first six KeyKode digits.
Letterbox:Placing a wide screen image on a conventional TV by placing black bands at the top and
bottom of the screen.
Linear time code: (Also known as Longitudinal Time Code) A digital code used for timing and control
purposes on videotape and associated audio tape machines. It is recorded on a linear track
with audio characteristics and is referred to as LTC. Each 80 bit code word is associated with
one television frame, and consists of 26 time bits, 6 flag bits, 32 user bits and 16 sync bits. This
time code may run at 24, 25 or 30 frames per second depending on the video format. See also
SMPTE 12M
LTC: See Linear Time Code
Matrix Time Code: See Aaton Code
NTSC: National Television Standards Committee established the television and video standard in use
in the United States, Canada, Japan and several other countries. NTSC video consists of 525
horizontal lines at a field rate of approximately 60 fields per second. (Two fields equal one
complete Frame). Only 487 of these lines are used for picture. The rest are used for sync or
extra information such as VITC and Closed Captioning.
PAL: Phase Alternating Line. The television and video standard in use in most of Europe. Consists of
625 horizontal lines at a field rate of 50 fields per second. (Two fields equal one complete
Frame). Only 576 of these lines are used for picture. The rest are used for sync or extra
information such as VITC and Teletext.
Pixel: The smallest distinguishable and resolvable area in a video image. A single point on the
screen. In digital video, a single sample of the picture. Derived from the words picture
element.
Prefix: The edge numbers are usually composed of a group of digits that remain constant throughout
the length of the roll, and a count number, which increments every foot or half foot. The
constant numbers, are referred to as the prefix. The count numbers are referred to as the
footage number.
RP201: The SMPTE recommended practice for encoding film transfer information into standard
definition video signals (see 3 Line VITC).
RP215: The SMPTE recommended practice for encoding film transfer information into vertical ancillary
data space for high definition video signals (VANC).
Serial digital: Digital information that is transmitted in serial form. Often used informally to refer to serial
digital television signals.
SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers): A professional organisation that
recommends standards for the film and television industries.

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SMPTE 12M: The SMPTE standard for Time and address code. SMPTE 12M defines the parameters
required for both linear and vertical interval time codes.
SMPTE 125M: The SMPTE standard for bit parallel digital interface for component video signals.
SMPTE 125M defines the parameters required to generate and distribute component video
signals on a parallel interface.
SMPTE 244M: The SMPTE standard for bit parallel digital interface for composite video signals.
SMPTE 244M defines the parameters required to generate and distribute composite video
signals on a parallel interface.
SMPTE 259M: The SMPTE standard for 525 and 625 line serial digital component and composite
interfaces.
SMPTE 274M: The SMPTE standard for bit parallel digital interface for high definition component video
signals with an active picture of 1080 lines x 1920 pixels.
SMPTE 292M: The SMPTE standard for high definition serial digital component interfaces.
SMPTE 296M: The SMPTE standard for bit parallel digital interface for high definition component video
signals with an active picture of 720 lines x 1280 pixels.
SMPTE 299M: The SMPTE standard for embedding audio in serial digital high definition
(SMPTE 292M) video signals.
sF: (Also known as segmented frame) The picture is progressively scanned, however divided into
two segments, containing the odd and even lines. The segments are then sent out the serial
digital interface in the same way that the fields of an interlaced video signal are. This format is
often used at nominal frame rates of 24, 25 or 30 frames per second.
TRS: Timing reference signals used in composite digital systems. (It is four words long).
TRS-ID: Abbreviation for "Timing Reference Signal Identification". A reference signal used to maintain
timing in composite digital systems. (It is four words long.)
User bits: 32 bits in the time code are user assignable. They typically are used to contain reel numbers,
scene and take numbers, or other user-oriented data.
Vertical interval time code: A digital code used for timing and control purposes on video tape which is
recorded in the vertical blanking interval of the standard definition video picture, and is referred
to as VITC. Each 90 bit code word is associated with one television field, and consists of 26
time bits, 6 flag bits, 32 user bits, 18 sync bits, and an 8 bit error check (CRC) code. See also
SMPTE 12M.
White flag: A white pulse recorded on one or more lines in the vertical interval on the first video field of
a new picture. This pulse is normally used on 24 frame per second transfers to NTSC video
that will end up on video disc recorders. This pulse allows the disc recorder to match the disc
frames to the 2/3 pulldown automatically, ensuring jitter free playback when the recorder is
parked on a single frame.

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