Fluke 1594A User manual

1594A/1595A
Super-Thermometer
User’s Guide
159X____ugeng0000

Fluke Corporation
799 E. Utah Valley Drive • American Fork, UT 84003-9775 • USA
Phone: [phone] • Telefax: +1.801.763.1010
E-mail: support@hartscientific.com
www.hartscientific.com
Specifications subject to change without notice. • Copyright © 2008 • Printed in USA
Limited Warranty & Limitation of Liability
Each product from Fluke Corporation (“Fluke”) is warranted to be free from defects in material and work-
manship under normal use and service. The warranty period is one year(s) for the thermometer. The warranty
period begins on the date of the shipment. Parts, product repairs, and services are warranted for 90 days. The
warranty extends only to the original buyer or end-user customer of a Fluke authorized reseller, and does
not apply to fuses, disposable batteries or to any other product, which in Fluke’s opinion, has been misused,
altered, neglected, or damaged by accident or abnormal conditions of operation or handling. Fluke warrants
that software will operate substantially in accordance with its functional specications for 90 days and that it
has been properly recorded on non-defective media. Fluke does not warrant that software will be error free or
operate without interruption. Fluke does not warrant calibrations on the Super-Thermometer.
Fluke authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-user customers only
but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke. Warranty support is avail-
able if product is purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet or Buyer has paid the applicable interna-
tional price. Fluke reserves the right to invoice Buyer for importation costs of repairs/replacement parts when
product purchased in one country is submitted for repair in another country.
Fluke’s warranty obligation is limited, at Fluke’s option, to refund of the purchase price, free of charge repair,
or replacement of a defective product which is returned to a Fluke authorized service center within the war-
ranty period.
To obtain warranty service, contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center or send the product, with a
description of the difculty, postage, and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination), to the nearest Fluke authorized
service center. Fluke assumes no risk for damage in transit. Following warranty repair, the product will be
returned to Buyer, transportation prepaid (FOB Destination). If Fluke determines that the failure was caused
by misuse, alteration, accident or abnormal condition or operation or handling, Fluke will provide an estimate
or repair costs and obtain authorization before commencing the work. Following repair, the product will be
returned to the Buyer transportation prepaid and the Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transporta-
tion charges (FOB Shipping Point).
THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRAN-
TIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MER-
CHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY
SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL. OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF

iii
Table of Contents
1 Before you start........................................................................1
1.1 Symbols used .......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Safety information ..................................................................................... 1
1.2.1 WARNINGS .....................................................................................................1
1.2.2 CAUTIONS ......................................................................................................2
1.3 Authorized service centers ....................................................................... 2
2 Introduction and specications ..............................................5
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 5
2.2 Specifications ........................................................................................... 5
2.2.1 General ............................................................................................................5
2.2.2 Primary specifications .....................................................................................6
Resistance ratio accuracy ...................................................................................................... 6
Resistor Stability ..................................................................................................................... 6
Absolute resistance accuracy ................................................................................................ 7
Measurement current accuracy.............................................................................................. 7
2.2.3 Ancillary specifications ...................................................................................8
Temperature measurement noise ........................................................................................... 8
Relative measurement current accuracy ................................................................................ 8
2.2.4 General Specifications ....................................................................................9
3 Preparation for operation ...................................................... 11
3.1 Unpacking and inspection ...................................................................... 11
3.2 Instruction Manuals ................................................................................. 11
3.3 Line voltage and fuses ............................................................................ 11
3.4 Connecting to Line Power ....................................................................... 12
3.5 Placement and Rack Mounting ............................................................... 12
4 Features ..................................................................................13
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 13
4.2 Front panel features ................................................................................ 13
4.2.1 Measurement inputs ......................................................................................13
4.2.2 USB connection ............................................................................................13
4.2.3 Front panel keys ............................................................................................14
Front panel display ............................................................................................................... 15
4.3 Rear panel features ................................................................................ 16
External resistor inputs ......................................................................................................... 16
4.3.1 Scanner connection ......................................................................................16
4.3.2 Future peripheral connection ........................................................................17
4.3.3 Remote Operation Connections ....................................................................17
4.3.4 Line voltage connection ................................................................................18
4.3.5 Earth ground connection ...............................................................................18
4.4 Menu system features ............................................................................. 18
4.4.1 User settings screen .....................................................................................18
4.4.2 Measurement screen.....................................................................................18
4.4.3 Main menu screen .........................................................................................19
4.4.4 Channel setup screen ...................................................................................19
4.4.5 Menu navigation tips .....................................................................................19

1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
iv
4.5 Menu structure ........................................................................................ 19
5 Getting started .......................................................................23
5.1 Powering on the Super-Thermometer ..................................................... 23
5.2 User settings screen ............................................................................... 23
5.3 Connecting a probe or resistor ............................................................... 24
6 Making measurements ..........................................................27
6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 27
6.2 Temperature measurement ..................................................................... 27
6.3 Ratio Measurement ................................................................................. 28
6.4 Using an External Resistor...................................................................... 28
7 Maintenance ...........................................................................29

v
Figures
Figure 1 PEM (Power Entry Module) ................................................................ 12
Figure 2 Front view .......................................................................................... 13
Figure 3 Front panel display ............................................................................ 15
Figure 4 Rear view ........................................................................................... 16
Figure 5 External resistor inputs ...................................................................... 16
Figure 6 Power Entry Module .......................................................................... 18
Figure 7 Input wiring ........................................................................................ 24

1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
vi
Tables
Table 1 Symbols ................................................................................................. 1
Table 2 Resistance ratio accuracy specifications ............................................. 6
Table 3 Resistor stability specifications ............................................................. 7
Table 4 Absolute resistance accuracy specifications ....................................... 7
Table 5 Measurement current accuracy specifications ..................................... 8
Table 6 Temperature measurement noise specifications................................... 8
Table 7 Relative measurement current specifications ....................................... 8
Table 8 General Specifications .......................................................................... 9
Table 9 Optional accessories .......................................................................... 11
Table 10 Front panel key descriptions ............................................................. 14
Table 11 Remote operation connections ......................................................... 17
Table 12 Recommended Reference Resistors and Sensing Current .............. 28

1
Before you start
Safety information
1 Before you start
1.1 Symbols used
Table 1 lists the symbols that may be used on the instrument or in this manual and the meaning of each
symbol.
Table 1 Symbols
Symbol Description Symbol Description
AC (Alternating Current) PE Ground
AC-DC Hot Surface (Burn Hazard)
Battery Read the User’s Guide
(Important Information)
Complies with European Union
directives Off
DC On
Double Insulated Standby Indication
Electric Shock Canadian Standards
Association
Fuse C-TICK Australian EMC mark
Ground
The European Waste Electrical
and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive (2002/96/EC)
mark.
1.2 Safety information
This instrument is compliant to EN 61010-1 {2nd Edition}, and CAN/CSA 22.2 No 61010.1-04, Pollution
Degree 2. This instrument is designed for indoor use only. Use this instrument only as specified in this manual.
Otherwise, the protection provided by the instrument may be impaired.
The following denitions apply to the terms “Warning” and “Caution”.
 “WARNING” identifies conditions and actions that may pose hazards to the user.
 “CAUTION” identifies conditions and actions that may damage the instrument being used.
1.2.1 WARNINGS
 DO NOT use this unit in environments other than those listed in the User’s Guide.
 Follow all safety guidelines listed in the User’s Guide.
 Calibration equipment should only be used by trained personnel.
 This instrument can measure extreme temperatures. Precautions must be taken to prevent personal
injury or damage to objects. Probes may be extremely hot or cold. Cautiously handle probes to prevent
personal injury. Carefully place probes on a heat/cold resistant surface or rack until they reach room
temperature.
 DO NOT operate near flammable materials.
 Use only a grounded AC mains supply of the appropriate voltage to power the instrument.

1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Authorized service centers
2
 DO NOT connect an AC mains supply that does not match the voltage setting on the back of the unit.
 DO NOT use this instrument in combination with any probe ( PRT or thermistor) to measure the
temperature or resistance of any device where the probe might come in contact with a conductor that is
electrically energized. Severe electric shock, personal injury, or death may occur.
 DO NOT position this instrument in a manner where it is difficult to reach the power cord or power
entry module mains switch. When rack mounting the instrument, ensure the rack power cord and mains
supply switch are accessible.
1.2.2 CAUTIONS
 If the instrument is dropped, struck, or handled in a way that causes internal or external physical
damage, immediately unplug the instrument, discontinue use, and contact a Fluke Authorized Service
Center for repair. Do not attempt to disassemble or repair the instrument. Refer repairs or replacement
of components to a Fluke Authorized Service Center.
 DO NOT connect AC voltage to any input terminal on the instrument. Permanent damage to the
instrument will result.
1.3 Authorized service centers
Please contact one of the following authorized Service Centers to coordinate service on your Fluke product:
Fluke Corporation
799 E. Utah Valley Drive
American Fork, UT 84003-9775
USA
Phone: [phone]
Telefax: +1.801.763.1010
E-mail: support@hartscientific.com
Fluke Nederland B.V.
Customer Support Services
Science Park Eindhoven 5108
5692 EC Son
NETHERLANDS
Phone: [phone]
Telefax: [phone]
E-mail: ServiceDesk@fluke.nl
Fluke Int’l Corporation
Service Center - Instrimpex
Room 2301 Sciteck Tower
22 Jianguomenwai Dajie
Chao Yang District
Beijing 100004, PRC
CHINA
Phone: [phone]
Telefax: [phone]
E-mail: xingye.han@fluke.com.cn

3
Before you start
Authorized service centers
Fluke South East Asia Pte Ltd.
Fluke ASEAN Regional Office
Service Center
60 Alexandra Terrace #03-16
The Comtech (Lobby D)
118502
SINGAPORE
Phone: [phone]
Telefax: [phone]
E-mail: antng@singa.fluke.com
When contacting these Service Centers for support, please have the following information available:
 Model Number
 Serial Number
 Voltage
 Complete description of the problem

5
Introduction and specications
Specications
2 Introduction and specications
2.1 Introduction
The Hart Scientic family of Super-Thermometers long ago established the standard for easy-to-use, precision
temperature measurement instrumentation. Laboratories worldwide have selected the Super-Thermometer not
only for the assurance of achieving high-quality results, but also for the innovative features that increase pro-
ductivity in the lab. The Hart Scientic 1594A and 1595A Super-Thermometers continue this legacy adding
new patent pending measurement technology and features that truly are best in class. Below is a summary of
key capabilities and features.
 Typical 1595A accuracy 0.2 ppm (0.05 mK), 1594A accuracy 0.8 ppm (0.2 mK)
 Sample rates as fast as 1 second
 Measures SPRTs, HTPRTs, PRTs, and thermistors
 Four input channels on the front panel accept most probe terminations with the patented DWF, gold-
plated, tellurium-copper, quick-connect terminals
 Congurable standby current for each input channel minimizes self-heating transients when scanning
between channels
 Two input channels on the back panel, dedicated for external standard resistors, keep the front panel
inputs free for Reference Thermometers or Standard Resistors and UUTs
 Channel Select Keys above each input channel change color to indicate whether a channel is actively
measuring, in standby, or inactive—pressing a channel key activates the selected channel
 Temperature-controlled internal reference resistors allow for traceable temperature and absolute
resistance measurements in ambient conditions from 15 °C to 30 °C
 Patent pending, Ratio Self-Calibration performs a linearity check or calibration of the Super-
Thermometer ratio accuracy without the need of any external equipment
 Automated Zero-Power Measurement allows for determination and/or cancellation of a thermometer’s
self-heating error
 Updated computer interface with USB control, RS-232, and IEEE-488 included as standard
 Ethernet connection allows for remote view of the Super-Thermometer’s display from a web browser
 USB memory device on the front panel to accommodate data logging, transfer of probe parameters, and
storage and retrieval of Super-Thermometer user congurations
 VGA output allows the Super-Thermometer’s screen to be displayed on a VGA monitor
 Selectable operating language: English, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, French, German, or Russian
 Intuitive User Interface makes the Super-Thermometer easy to congure and use right out of the box
2.2 Specications
2.2.1 General
Current best practices in metrology require uncertainty analyses to be in compliance with the ISO Guide to the
Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (often referred to as the “GUM”). For convenience, the specica-
tions in this section are listed in k = 2 (95%) coverage and in k = 3 (99%) coverage to allow the user to easily
apply the specications in an uncertainty analysis.
The following specications apply after the standard warm-up period of 30 minutes. The Super-Thermometer
is designed to measure with accuracy and stability without the need for internal auto-cal or zeroing routines.
To realize the full potential of measurement ability, accepted metrology practices such as the use of proper
wiring should be adhered to. In addition, it is important to ensure that the instrument is correctly set up.
The specications are divided into three categories: primary specications, ancillary specications, and gen-
eral specications.

1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Specications
6
Primary specications: the core set of measurement accuracy specications of the Super-Thermometer. They
are guaranteed for performance verication at the 99% condence level.
Ancillary specications: additional specications that help the user understand more of the uncertainties
involved in measurement. Since they may be subject to the application and setting in which the Super-Ther-
mometer is used, they are not guaranteed for performance verication but should be considered typical.
General specications: general specications such as measurement range, environmental operating range,
dimensions, etc.
2.2.2 Primary specications
Resistance ratio accuracy
Resistance ratio accuracy is the ability of the Super-Thermometer to measure the ratio of two resistances, Rx/
Rs. It is determined primarily by the linearity of the measurement circuit. The following specications apply
for resistance ratios measured with a reference resistor of 25 Ω or 100 Ω using a measurement current of 0.5
mA to 2.0 mA. Other reference resistors are specied using a factor as explained in the following specica-
tion table. Performance verication is guaranteed for 99% condence level specications within the specied
operating temperature range of 15°C to 30°C. The listed uncertainties are in terms of parts-per-million (ppm)
of reading unless stated otherwise.
Table 2 Resistance ratio accuracy specifications
Ratio range
1594A accuracy
(ppm of reading)
1595A accuracy
(ppm of reading)
95% condence level, 1-year
0.95 to 1.05 0.24 ppm 0.06 ppm
0.5 to 0.95, 1.05 to 2.0 0.64 ppm 0.16 ppm
0.25 to 0.5, 2.0 to 4.0 0.8 ppm 0.2 ppm
0.0 to 0.25 2.0 x 10–07 † 5.0 x 10–8 †
4.0 to 10.0 2.0 ppm 0.5 ppm
99% condence level, 1-year
0.95 to 1.05 0.3 ppm 0.075 ppm
0.5 to 0.95, 1.05 to 2.0 0.8 ppm 0.2 ppm
0.25 to 0.5, 2.0 to 4.0 1.0 ppm 0.25 ppm
0.0 to 0.25 2.5 x 10–7 † 6.3 x 10–8 †
4.0 to 10.0 2.5 ppm 0.63 ppm
†Specications are in terms of absolute ratio
All specications listed in this table apply when using a 25 W or 100 W
reference resistor. Multiply stated specications by a factor of 2 when using a
10 W reference resistor with sensing current between 1 and 5 mA, and a factor
of 10 when using a 1 W reference resistor with sensing current between 5 and
20mA. When using a 10 kohm reference resistor, internal or external, use the
Absolute Resistance Accuracy specication in Table 4.
Resistor Stability
Resistor stability characterizes the ability of the instrument to accurately compare two similar resistances
within some time period using the internal resistors as references. The following specications apply using the
given reference resistor and excitation current and for a one-minute average. The specications assume typical
laboratory conditions, which do not include transportation and large ambient temperature uctuations.
Resistance stability is determined by the short-term stability of the internal reference resistors and control
stability of the temperature stabilizing block. It does not include measurement noise.

7
Introduction and specications
Specications
Table 3 Resistor stability specifications
Resistor (Rs) Accuracy (ppm of reading)
24 hours 30 days
1W5 ppm 10 ppm
10W0.5 ppm 2 ppm
25W0.25 ppm 1 ppm
100W0.2 ppm 1 ppm
10kW0.25 ppm 1 ppm
Absolute resistance accuracy
Absolute resistance accuracy is the ability of the instrument to measure absolute resistance, Rx, using the
internal reference resistors. The following specications apply using the given reference resistor, Rs, and
excitation current.
The 1-year specications include calibration uncertainty, reference resistor drift, ambient temperature sensitiv-
ity, resistance ratio uncertainty, and measurement noise using 1-minute average and a 2-second sample period
(n = 30).
Performance verication is guaranteed for 99% condence level, 1-year specications within the specied
operating temperature range of 15°C to 30°C, maintaining a calibration interval of 6 months for the rst year
and 1 year thereafter.
Table 4 Absolute resistance accuracy specifications
Resistance range (Rs, current) Accuracy (ppm of reading)
95% condence level, 1-year
0W to 1.2W (1W,10mA) Greater of 40 ppm or 0.000012W
0W to 12W (10W,3mA) Greater of 10 ppm or 0.000024W
0W to 120W (25W, 1mA) Greater of 5 ppm or 0.000024W
0W to 400W (100W, 1mA) Greater of 4 ppm or 0.00008W
0 W to 10 kW (10 kW, 10mA) Greater of 5 ppm or 0.000012kW
10 kW to 40 kW (10 kW, 10mA) 8 ppm
40 kW to 100 kW (10 kW, 2mA) 20 ppm
100 kW to 500 kW (10 kW, 1mA) 80 ppm
99% condence level, 1-year
0W to 1.2W (1W, 10 mA) Greater of 50 ppm or 0.000015W
0W to 12W (10W, 3 mA) Greater of 13 ppm or 0.00003W
0W to 120W (25W, 1 mA) Greater of 6.3 ppm or 0.00003W
0W to 400W (100W, 1 mA) Greater of 5 ppm or 0.0001W
0 kW to 10 kW (10kW, 10mA) Greater of 6.3 ppm or 0.000015 kW
10 kW to 40 kW (10kW, 10mA) 10ppm
40 kW to 100 kW (10kW, 2mA) 25ppm
100 kW to 500 kW (10kW,1 mA) 100ppm
Measurement current accuracy
Measurement current accuracy is guaranteed to meet the following specications. The specications are stated
as percent of selected current or in absolute mA.

1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Specications
8
Table 5 Measurement current accuracy specifications
Current Range Accuracy
99% condence level, 1-year
0.001 mA to 0.005 mA 0.00005 mA
0.005 mA to 0.02 mA 1 %
0.02 mA to 0.2 mA 0.5 %
0.2 mA to 2 mA 0.2 %
2 mA to 20 mA 0.5 %
2.2.3 Ancillary specications
Temperature measurement noise
Temperature measurement noise indicates typical measurement noise in temperature measurements. The speci-
cations below are given for averages taken over a period of 1 minute with a 2-second sample rate. The effect
of noise may be reduced for longer averages or may be greater for shorter averages.
Noise performance is dependent upon many conditions. Some of the most important things to consider are the
type of thermometer, setup, and environmental conditions such as electromagnetic interference.
Due to the subjective nature of measurement noise, it is not a guaranteed specication. The specications
listed in the table below are obtainable in a typical laboratory environment. It is important that the user make
their own evaluation of measurement noise in the application and environment where the Super-Thermometer
is used.
Table 6 Temperature measurement noise specifications
Conditions (Rs, Current)
Standard error of the
mean, °C
Typical performance
25W SPRT at 0°C (25W, 1.0 mA) 0.00002
25W SPRT at 420°C (25W, 1.0 mA) 0.00006
100W PRT at 0°C (100W, 1.0 mA) 0.00001
100W PRT at 420°C (100W, 1.0 mA) 0.00003
10 kW Thermistor at 25°C (10 kW, 10 mA) 0.000003
Relative measurement current accuracy
Zero-power resistance values are calculated based on measurements taken at two levels of excitation current
that differ by a factor of 1.4142. Only the portions of the errors in the currents that are uncorrelated contribute
to error in the zero-power resistance value.
The following specications may be used to estimate the contribution of current error in zero-power resistance
measurements.
Table 7 Relative measurement current specifications
Range Relative Accuracy, mA
99% condence level
0.001 mA to 0.1 mA 0.0008
0.1 mA to 2 mA 0.003
2 mA to 20 mA 0.03

9
Introduction and specications
Specications
2.2.4 General Specications
Table 8 General Specifications
Warm-up period 30 minutes
Measurement range 0W to 500 kW
Measurement current range 0.001 mA to 20 mA
Measurement current reversal interval:
Sample period of 1 second or 2 seconds
Sample period of 5 second or 10 seconds
0.2 second
1.2 second
Standby current range 0.001 mA to 2 mA
AC power 100 V to 230 V (±10%)
50 or 60 Hz
Fuse Rating 2 A – T – 250 V
Specied operating temperature 15°C to 30°C
Absolute operating temperature 5°C to 40°C
Storage temperature 0°C to 40°C
Operating relative humidity, 5°C to 30°C 10% to 70%
Operating relative humidity, 30°C to 40°C 10% to 50%
Storage relative humidity 0% to 95%, non-condensing
Maximum operating altitude 3000m
Dimensions:
Height
Width
Depth (with handles)
Depth (without handles)
Weight
147 mm (5.8 in)
439 mm (17.3 in)
447 mm (17.6 in)
406 mm (16.0 in)
7.3 kg (16.0 lb)

11
Preparation for operation
Line voltage and fuses
3 Preparation for operation
3.1 Unpacking and inspection
The Super-Thermometer is shipped in a container designed to prevent damage during shipping. Inspect the
contents of the container for damage and immediately report any damage to the shipping company. Instruc-
tions for inspection are included in the shipping container.
Table 9 Optional accessories
Item Model or part number
Rack Mount Kit 1594-RMKT
2590 Scanner 2590
Case 1594-CASE
Carry-handle Kit 1594-HNDL
Extended range test report 1994 (1594A), 1995 (1595A)
3.2 Instruction Manuals
The Super-Thermometer instruction manual set is shipped on CD. The set includes:
 1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer User’s Guide
 1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer Technical Guide
The 1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer User’s Guide contains instructions for unpacking and setting up the
instrument. Specications and an overview of Super-Thermometer operation are also included. The User’s
Guide is available in the following languages: English, Chinese, Spanish, Japanese, German, French, and
Russian.
The 1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer Technical Guide contains complete information for setting up and
operating the Super-Thermometer. It also includes instructions for remote operation, calibration and mainte-
nance. The Technical Guide is available in English only.
For ordering a replacement instruction manual CD contact your local Fluke representative or service center.
All manuals are available online for download in PDF format.
3.3 Line voltage and fuses
CAUTION: To prevent possible damage to the instrument, verify the correct fuse is installed for the
selected line voltage setting.
The correct line power fuse and line voltage range was installed at the factory per the conguration that was
ordered. However, it is important to verify the correct fuse value and line voltage setting. The fuse is ac-
cessible on the rear panel in the PEM (Power Entry Module). The line voltage setting is shown in the PEM
window (see Figure 1 on next page) and see Section 2.2, Specications, on page 5 for the fuse rating.
To check or replace the fuse and to verify or change the line voltage setting, refer to Figure 1 on next page and
proceed as follows:

1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Connecting to Line Power
12
1. Disconnect line power.
2. Observe what line voltage setting is displayed in the PEM window. If it is correct, the fuse assembly
will be re-inserted in the same orientation it is removed. Otherwise, it will need to be rotated 180°
before re-insertion.
3. Open the fuse compartment by inserting a screwdriver blade in the slot located at the top of the fuse
compartment and open the PEM door.
4. Use the screwdriver blade to pry out the fuse block by inserting the blade in the slot located at the top of
the fuse block.
5. Remove the fuses from the assembly for replacement or verification. Be sure the correct fuses are
installed.
6. Reinstall the fuse assembly by pushing it back into the PEM while ensuring that the correct line voltage
label is shown in the PEM window. Close the PEM door so it locks in place.
Figure 1 PEM (Power Entry Module)
3.4 Connecting to Line Power
WARNING: To avoid electrical shock, connect the factory supplied three-prong line power cord to a
properly grounded power outlet. Do not use a two-prong adapter or extension cord that will break the
ground connection.
After the line voltage setting and correct fuse are veried, connect the instrument to a properly grounded
three-prong outlet using the provided line voltage cord.
3.5 Placement and Rack Mounting
In general, place the Super-Thermometer in an area free of drafts and excessive electrical noise. Refer to the
specications for environmental requirements.
The Super-Thermometer is designed to be used on a bench-top or installed in a standard width rack with the
optional rack mount kit. For bench-top use it is equipped with hinged, non-slip feet. For rack mount instruc-
tions, refer to the rack mount kit instruction manual.

13
Features
Front panel features
4 Features
4.1 Introduction
The Super-Thermometer has been designed with several features that help make setup and operation as simple
as possible while still providing many measurement capabilities. This section describes the front and rear
panel features as well as the menu system. Please read this section before operating the instrument.
4.2 Front panel features
Figure 2 Front view
4.2.1 Measurement inputs
Four measurement inputs, channels 1 through 4, are located on the front panel. Some key points concerning
the measurement inputs are:
 Current (C1, C2), Potential (P1, P2), and Guard (G) terminals are labeled to facilitate correct connection
(Figure 7 on page 24).
 Channels 2 and 4 can also be used as reference resistor (Rs) inputs.
4.2.2 USB connection
The USB port on the front panel allows a formatted USB memory device to be connected to the Super-Ther-
mometer for saving measurements and settings. The memory device must be Linux compatible and formatted
with the FAT32 le system.

1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Front panel features
14
4.2.3 Front panel keys
Table 10 Front panel key descriptions
The Power Standby key turns off the display and disables the front panel keys,
sending the system into standby. Power remains applied to some internal
components such as the resistor oven.
When the system is brought out of standby by pressing the Power Standby Key, it
is not necessary to wait the 30-minute warm-up period.
The numeric keys consist of the digits 0 through 9, sign (+/-), and decimal point
(.). These keys are used for entering numeric values.
The arrow keys are used to move the cursor on the display and to navigate lists
The SETUP key is used to directly access the Channel Setup menu for quick
and easy measurement conguration.
The DELETE key is used to delete alpha-numeric characters
The EXP key is used when entering an exponential number for example: 1.0
E-04
The ENTER key is used to save a change or to select an item. When an item is
changed, ENTER must be pressed otherwise the item reverts to its original value
upon exiting.
The MENU key is used to go directly to the Main Menu screen.
The EXIT key is used to exit from a menu or setting. Pressing EXIT will leave an
edit without saving the changes. When entering a number, if EXIT is pressed
and held, the entire number is deleted and the cursor is moved to the leftmost
place in the number eld.
The Function Keys are located below the display and are used to execute the
function displayed directly above them. Function keys are used to select menu
options and in certain cases they are used to toggle a setting shown on the
display.
Pressing any of the four Channel Select Keys will automatically activate the
selected channel and illuminate the Channel Select Key in green. If a channel is
in standby mode, the Channel Select Key is illuminated in amber. If a channel is
inactive,the Channel Select Key is clear.