GE L90 User manual

831776A2.CDR
L90 Line Current Differential
System
UR Series Instruction Manual
L90 revision: 5.7x
Manual P/N: 1601-0081-U1 (GEK-113527)
Copyright © 2009 GE Multilin
GE Multilin
215 Anderson Avenue, Markham, Ontario
Canada L6E 1B3
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
Internet: http://www.GEmultilin.com
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GE Industrial Systems
Title Page
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GE Multilin's Quality Management
System is registered to
ISO9001:2000
QMI # 005094
UL # A3775
*1601-0081-U1*
LISTED
52TL
IND.CONT. EQ.
E83849

ADDENDUM
This addendum contains information that relates to the L90 Line Current Differential System, version 5.7x. This adden-
dum lists a number of information items that appear in the instruction manual GEK-113527 (revision U1) but are not
included in the current L90 operations.
The following functions and items are not yet available with the current version of the L90 relay:
• Signal sources SRC 5 and SRC 6.
Version 4.0x and higher releases of the L90 relay includes new hardware (CPU and CT/VT modules).
• The new CPU modules are specified with the following order codes: 9E, 9G, 9H, 9J, 9K, 9L, 9M, 9N, 9P, 9R, and 9S.
• The new CT/VT modules are specified with the following order codes: 8F, 8H 8L, 8N.
The following table maps the relationship between the old CPU and CT/VT modules to the newer versions:
The new CT/VT modules can only be used with the new CPUs (9E, 9G, 9H, 9J, 9K, 9L, 9M, 9N, 9P, 9R, and 9S), and
the old CT/VT modules can only be used with the old CPU modules (9A, 9C, 9D). To prevent any hardware mis-
matches, the new CPU and CT/VT modules have blue labels and a warning sticker stating “Attn.: Ensure CPU and
DSP module label colors are the same!”. In the event that there is a mismatch between the CPU and CT/VT module,
the relay will not function and a DSP ERROR or HARDWARE MISMATCH error will be displayed.
All other input/output modules are compatible with the new hardware.
With respect to the firmware, firmware versions 4.0x and higher are only compatible with the new CPU and CT/VT mod-
ules. Previous versions of the firmware (3.4x and earlier) are only compatible with the older CPU and CT/VT modules.
MODULE OLD NEW DESCRIPTION
CPU 9A 9E RS485 and RS485 (Modbus RTU, DNP)
9C 9G RS485 and 10Base-F (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP)
9D 9H RS485 and redundant 10Base-F (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP)
--- 9J RS485 and multi-mode ST 100Base-FX
--- 9K RS485 and multi-mode ST redundant 100Base-FX
--- 9L RS485 and single mode SC 100Base-FX
--- 9M RS485 and single mode SC redundant 100Base-FX
--- 9N RS485 and 10/100Base-T
--- 9P RS485 and single mode ST 100Base-FX
--- 9R RS485 and single mode ST redundant 100Base-FX
--- 9S RS485 and six-port managed Ethernet switch
CT/VT 8A 8F Standard 4CT/4VT
8C 8H Standard 8CT
-- 8L Standard 4CT/4VT with enhanced diagnostics
-- 8N Standard 8CT with enhanced diagnostics
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GE Industrial Systems
Addendum

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. GETTING STARTED 1.1 IMPORTANT PROCEDURES
1.1.1 CAUTIONS AND WARNINGS........................................................................... 1-1
1.1.2 INSPECTION CHECKLIST................................................................................1-1
1.2 UR OVERVIEW
1.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE UR...........................................................................1-2
1.2.2 HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE......................................................................... 1-3
1.2.3 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE..........................................................................1-4
1.2.4 IMPORTANT CONCEPTS.................................................................................1-4
1.3 ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE
1.3.1 PC REQUIREMENTS........................................................................................1-5
1.3.2 INSTALLATION..................................................................................................1-5
1.3.3 CONFIGURING THE L90 FOR SOFTWARE ACCESS..................................... 1-6
1.3.4 USING THE QUICK CONNECT FEATURE.......................................................1-9
1.3.5 CONNECTING TO THE L90 RELAY...............................................................1-15
1.4 UR HARDWARE
1.4.1 MOUNTING AND WIRING...............................................................................1-16
1.4.2 COMMUNICATIONS........................................................................................1-16
1.4.3 FACEPLATE DISPLAY....................................................................................1-16
1.5 USING THE RELAY
1.5.1 FACEPLATE KEYPAD.....................................................................................1-17
1.5.2 MENU NAVIGATION .......................................................................................1-17
1.5.3 MENU HIERARCHY ........................................................................................1-17
1.5.4 RELAY ACTIVATION.......................................................................................1-17
1.5.5 RELAY PASSWORDS.....................................................................................1-18
1.5.6 FLEXLOGIC™ CUSTOMIZATION...................................................................1-18
1.5.7 COMMISSIONING ........................................................................................... 1-19
2. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.1.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1.2 FEATURES........................................................................................................2-3
2.1.3 ORDERING........................................................................................................2-4
2.1.4 REPLACEMENT MODULES .............................................................................2-8
2.2 PILOT CHANNEL RELAYING
2.2.1 INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS...............................................................2-11
2.2.2 CHANNEL MONITOR......................................................................................2-12
2.2.3 LOOPBACK TEST...........................................................................................2-13
2.2.4 DIRECT TRANSFER TRIPPING ..................................................................... 2-13
2.3 FUNCTIONALITY
2.3.1 PROTECTION AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS ................................................2-14
2.3.2 METERING AND MONITORING FUNCTIONS ...............................................2-14
2.3.3 OTHER FUNCTIONS.......................................................................................2-15
2.4 SPECIFICATIONS
2.4.1 PROTECTION ELEMENTS ............................................................................. 2-17
2.4.2 USER-PROGRAMMABLE ELEMENTS...........................................................2-21
2.4.3 MONITORING..................................................................................................2-22
2.4.4 METERING......................................................................................................2-22
2.4.5 INPUTS............................................................................................................2-23
2.4.6 POWER SUPPLY ............................................................................................2-24
2.4.7 OUTPUTS........................................................................................................2-24
2.4.8 COMMUNICATIONS........................................................................................2-26
2.4.9 INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS...............................................................2-26
2.4.10 ENVIRONMENTAL ..........................................................................................2-27
2.4.11 TYPE TESTS ...................................................................................................2-28
2.4.12 PRODUCTION TESTS ....................................................................................2-28
2.4.13 APPROVALS ................................................................................................... 2-28
2.4.14 MAINTENANCE...............................................................................................2-28
Table of Contents

vi L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3. HARDWARE 3.1 DESCRIPTION
3.1.1 PANEL CUTOUT................................................................................................3-1
3.1.2 MODULE WITHDRAWAL AND INSERTION......................................................3-6
3.1.3 REAR TERMINAL LAYOUT ...............................................................................3-8
3.2 WIRING
3.2.1 TYPICAL WIRING ............................................................................................3-10
3.2.2 DIELECTRIC STRENGTH................................................................................3-11
3.2.3 CONTROL POWER..........................................................................................3-11
3.2.4 CT/VT MODULES.............................................................................................3-12
3.2.5 PROCESS BUS MODULES.............................................................................3-14
3.2.6 CONTACT INPUTS AND OUTPUTS................................................................3-14
3.2.7 TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS........................................................3-22
3.2.8 RS232 FACEPLATE PORT..............................................................................3-23
3.2.9 CPU COMMUNICATION PORTS.....................................................................3-23
3.2.10 IRIG-B...............................................................................................................3-26
3.3 PILOT CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS
3.3.1 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................3-28
3.3.2 FIBER: LED AND ELED TRANSMITTERS ......................................................3-29
3.3.3 FIBER-LASER TRANSMITTERS .....................................................................3-29
3.3.4 G.703 INTERFACE...........................................................................................3-30
3.3.5 RS422 INTERFACE .........................................................................................3-33
3.3.6 RS422 AND FIBER INTERFACE .....................................................................3-35
3.3.7 G.703 AND FIBER INTERFACE ......................................................................3-35
3.3.8 IEEE C37.94 INTERFACE................................................................................3-36
3.3.9 C37.94SM INTERFACE ...................................................................................3-38
3.4 MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULES
3.4.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................3-40
3.4.2 MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULE HARDWARE..............................3-40
3.4.3 MANAGED SWITCH LED INDICATORS .........................................................3-41
3.4.4 CONFIGURING THE MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULE.................3-41
3.4.5 UPLOADING L90 SWITCH MODULE FIRMWARE..........................................3-43
3.4.6 ETHERNET SWITCH SELF-TEST ERRORS...................................................3-46
4. HUMAN INTERFACES 4.1 ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE INTERFACE
4.1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................4-1
4.1.2 CREATING A SITE LIST....................................................................................4-1
4.1.3 ENERVISTA UR SETUP OVERVIEW................................................................4-1
4.1.4 ENERVISTA UR SETUP MAIN WINDOW..........................................................4-3
4.2 EXTENDED ENERVISTA UR SETUP FEATURES
4.2.1 SETTINGS TEMPLATES ...................................................................................4-4
4.2.2 SECURING AND LOCKING FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATIONS................................4-8
4.2.3 SETTINGS FILE TRACEABILITY.....................................................................4-10
4.3 FACEPLATE INTERFACE
4.3.1 FACEPLATE.....................................................................................................4-13
4.3.2 LED INDICATORS............................................................................................4-14
4.3.3 CUSTOM LABELING OF LEDS .......................................................................4-17
4.3.4 DISPLAY...........................................................................................................4-23
4.3.5 KEYPAD ...........................................................................................................4-23
4.3.6 BREAKER CONTROL......................................................................................4-23
4.3.7 MENUS.............................................................................................................4-24
4.3.8 CHANGING SETTINGS ...................................................................................4-26
5. SETTINGS 5.1 OVERVIEW
5.1.1 SETTINGS MAIN MENU ....................................................................................5-1
5.1.2 INTRODUCTION TO ELEMENTS......................................................................5-4
5.1.3 INTRODUCTION TO AC SOURCES..................................................................5-5
5.2 PRODUCT SETUP
5.2.1 SECURITY..........................................................................................................5-8

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.2.2 DISPLAY PROPERTIES.................................................................................. 5-12
5.2.3 CLEAR RELAY RECORDS .............................................................................5-14
5.2.4 COMMUNICATIONS........................................................................................5-15
5.2.5 MODBUS USER MAP......................................................................................5-34
5.2.6 REAL TIME CLOCK.........................................................................................5-35
5.2.7 FAULT REPORTS ...........................................................................................5-36
5.2.8 OSCILLOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 5-38
5.2.9 DATA LOGGER...............................................................................................5-40
5.2.10 DEMAND..........................................................................................................5-42
5.2.11 USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS.....................................................................5-43
5.2.12 USER-PROGRAMMABLE SELF-TESTS ........................................................5-46
5.2.13 CONTROL PUSHBUTTONS ...........................................................................5-47
5.2.14 USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS...................................................5-49
5.2.15 FLEX STATE PARAMETERS.......................................................................... 5-54
5.2.16 USER-DEFINABLE DISPLAYS .......................................................................5-55
5.2.17 INSTALLATION................................................................................................5-57
5.3 REMOTE RESOURCES
5.3.1 REMOTE RESOURCES CONFIGURATION...................................................5-58
5.4 SYSTEM SETUP
5.4.1 AC INPUTS...................................................................................................... 5-59
5.4.2 POWER SYSTEM............................................................................................5-60
5.4.3 SIGNAL SOURCES.........................................................................................5-61
5.4.4 L90 POWER SYSTEM.....................................................................................5-64
5.4.5 BREAKERS......................................................................................................5-69
5.4.6 DISCONNECT SWITCHES .............................................................................5-73
5.4.7 FLEXCURVES™..............................................................................................5-76
5.4.8 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT....................................................................5-83
5.5 FLEXLOGIC™
5.5.1 INTRODUCTION TO FLEXLOGIC™...............................................................5-99
5.5.2 FLEXLOGIC™ RULES ..................................................................................5-110
5.5.3 FLEXLOGIC™ EVALUATION........................................................................5-110
5.5.4 FLEXLOGIC™ EXAMPLE .............................................................................5-111
5.5.5 FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATION EDITOR.............................................................5-115
5.5.6 FLEXLOGIC™ TIMERS................................................................................. 5-115
5.5.7 FLEXELEMENTS™ .......................................................................................5-116
5.5.8 NON-VOLATILE LATCHES ........................................................................... 5-120
5.6 GROUPED ELEMENTS
5.6.1 OVERVIEW....................................................................................................5-121
5.6.2 SETTING GROUP .........................................................................................5-121
5.6.3 LINE DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS ................................................................5-122
5.6.4 LINE PICKUP.................................................................................................5-127
5.6.5 DISTANCE..................................................................................................... 5-129
5.6.6 POWER SWING DETECT.............................................................................5-147
5.6.7 LOAD ENCROACHMENT.............................................................................. 5-156
5.6.8 PHASE CURRENT ........................................................................................5-158
5.6.9 NEUTRAL CURRENT....................................................................................5-169
5.6.10 WATTMETRIC GROUND FAULT..................................................................5-177
5.6.11 GROUND CURRENT.....................................................................................5-180
5.6.12 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE CURRENT ............................................................. 5-182
5.6.13 BREAKER FAILURE......................................................................................5-187
5.6.14 VOLTAGE ELEMENTS..................................................................................5-196
5.6.15 SUPERVISING ELEMENTS.......................................................................... 5-203
5.7 CONTROL ELEMENTS
5.7.1 OVERVIEW....................................................................................................5-207
5.7.2 TRIP BUS.......................................................................................................5-207
5.7.3 SETTING GROUPS.......................................................................................5-209
5.7.4 SELECTOR SWITCH.....................................................................................5-210
5.7.5 TRIP OUTPUT...............................................................................................5-216
5.7.6 SYNCHROCHECK.........................................................................................5-222
5.7.7 DIGITAL ELEMENTS..................................................................................... 5-226
5.7.8 DIGITAL COUNTERS....................................................................................5-229
5.7.9 MONITORING ELEMENTS ...........................................................................5-231
5.7.10 PILOT SCHEMES.......................................................................................... 5-245
5.7.11 AUTORECLOSE............................................................................................5-248

viii L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin
TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.8 INPUTS/OUTPUTS
5.8.1 CONTACT INPUTS ........................................................................................5-260
5.8.2 VIRTUAL INPUTS ..........................................................................................5-262
5.8.3 CONTACT OUTPUTS....................................................................................5-263
5.8.4 VIRTUAL OUTPUTS ......................................................................................5-265
5.8.5 REMOTE DEVICES........................................................................................5-266
5.8.6 REMOTE INPUTS ..........................................................................................5-267
5.8.7 REMOTE DOUBLE-POINT STATUS INPUTS...............................................5-268
5.8.8 REMOTE OUTPUTS ......................................................................................5-269
5.8.9 DIRECT INPUTS/OUTPUTS..........................................................................5-269
5.8.10 RESETTING ...................................................................................................5-272
5.8.11 IEC 61850 GOOSE ANALOGS......................................................................5-272
5.8.12 IEC 61850 GOOSE INTEGERS .....................................................................5-273
5.9 TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
5.9.1 DCMA INPUTS...............................................................................................5-274
5.9.2 RTD INPUTS..................................................................................................5-275
5.9.3 DCMA OUTPUTS...........................................................................................5-276
5.10 TESTING
5.10.1 TEST MODE...................................................................................................5-280
5.10.2 FORCE CONTACT INPUTS...........................................................................5-281
5.10.3 FORCE CONTACT OUTPUTS.......................................................................5-282
5.10.4 CHANNEL TESTS..........................................................................................5-283
5.10.5 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT TEST VALUES.........................................5-283
6. ACTUAL VALUES 6.1 OVERVIEW
6.1.1 ACTUAL VALUES MAIN MENU.........................................................................6-1
6.2 STATUS
6.2.1 CONTACT INPUTS ............................................................................................6-3
6.2.2 VIRTUAL INPUTS ..............................................................................................6-3
6.2.3 REMOTE INPUTS ..............................................................................................6-3
6.2.4 REMOTE DOUBLE-POINT STATUS INPUTS...................................................6-4
6.2.5 DIRECT INPUTS ................................................................................................6-4
6.2.6 CONTACT OUTPUTS........................................................................................6-4
6.2.7 VIRTUAL OUTPUTS ..........................................................................................6-5
6.2.8 AUTORECLOSE.................................................................................................6-5
6.2.9 REMOTE DEVICES............................................................................................6-5
6.2.10 CHANNEL TESTS..............................................................................................6-6
6.2.11 DIGITAL COUNTERS.........................................................................................6-7
6.2.12 SELECTOR SWITCHES ....................................................................................6-7
6.2.13 FLEX STATES....................................................................................................6-8
6.2.14 ETHERNET ........................................................................................................6-8
6.2.15 IEC 61850 GOOSE INTEGERS .........................................................................6-8
6.2.16 ETHERNET SWITCH .........................................................................................6-9
6.3 METERING
6.3.1 METERING CONVENTIONS ...........................................................................6-10
6.3.2 DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT..............................................................................6-13
6.3.3 SOURCES........................................................................................................6-14
6.3.4 SYNCHROCHECK ...........................................................................................6-19
6.3.5 TRACKING FREQUENCY................................................................................6-19
6.3.6 FLEXELEMENTS™..........................................................................................6-19
6.3.7 IEC 61580 GOOSE ANALOG VALUES ...........................................................6-20
6.3.8 WATTMETRIC GROUND FAULT.....................................................................6-20
6.3.9 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT ....................................................................6-20
6.3.10 TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS........................................................6-21
6.4 RECORDS
6.4.1 FAULT REPORTS............................................................................................6-22
6.4.2 EVENT RECORDS...........................................................................................6-22
6.4.3 OSCILLOGRAPHY...........................................................................................6-23
6.4.4 DATA LOGGER................................................................................................6-23
6.4.5 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT RECORDS .................................................6-23
6.4.6 BREAKER MAINTENANCE .............................................................................6-24

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
6.5 PRODUCT INFORMATION
6.5.1 MODEL INFORMATION..................................................................................6-25
6.5.2 FIRMWARE REVISIONS.................................................................................6-25
7. COMMANDS AND
TARGETS 7.1 COMMANDS
7.1.1 COMMANDS MENU .......................................................................................... 7-1
7.1.2 VIRTUAL INPUTS..............................................................................................7-1
7.1.3 CLEAR RECORDS............................................................................................7-2
7.1.4 SET DATE AND TIME .......................................................................................7-2
7.1.5 RELAY MAINTENANCE....................................................................................7-3
7.1.6 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT ONE-SHOT..................................................7-3
7.2 TARGETS
7.2.1 TARGETS MENU...............................................................................................7-6
7.2.2 TARGET MESSAGES .......................................................................................7-6
7.2.3 RELAY SELF-TESTS.........................................................................................7-6
8. SECURITY 8.1 PASSWORD SECURITY
8.1.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................ 8-1
8.1.2 PASSWORD SECURITY MENU .......................................................................8-2
8.1.3 LOCAL PASSWORDS.......................................................................................8-2
8.1.4 REMOTE PASSWORDS ...................................................................................8-3
8.1.5 ACCESS SUPERVISION...................................................................................8-3
8.1.6 DUAL PERMISSION SECURITY ACCESS.......................................................8-4
8.2 SETTINGS SECURITY
8.2.1 SETTINGS TEMPLATES................................................................................... 8-6
8.2.2 SECURING AND LOCKING FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATIONS .............................8-10
8.2.3 SETTINGS FILE TRACEABILITY....................................................................8-12
8.3 ENERVISTA SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
8.3.1 OVERVIEW......................................................................................................8-15
8.3.2 ENABLING THE SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM................................. 8-15
8.3.3 ADDING A NEW USER ...................................................................................8-15
8.3.4 MODIFYING USER PRIVILEGES ...................................................................8-16
9. THEORY OF OPERATION 9.1 OVERVIEW
9.1.1 L90 DESIGN ...................................................................................................... 9-1
9.1.2 L90 ARCHITECTURE........................................................................................ 9-1
9.1.3 REMOVAL OF DECAYING OFFSET.................................................................9-2
9.1.4 PHASELET COMPUTATION............................................................................. 9-2
9.1.5 DISTURBANCE DETECTION............................................................................ 9-3
9.1.6 FAULT DETECTION..........................................................................................9-3
9.1.7 GROUND DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENT...............................................................9-4
9.1.8 CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION........................................................................... 9-5
9.1.9 FREQUENCY TRACKING AND PHASE LOCKING.......................................... 9-6
9.1.10 FREQUENCY DETECTION...............................................................................9-7
9.1.11 PHASE DETECTION.........................................................................................9-7
9.1.12 PHASE LOCKING FILTER ..............................................................................9-10
9.1.13 MATCHING PHASELETS................................................................................9-11
9.1.14 START-UP.......................................................................................................9-11
9.1.15 HARDWARE AND COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS ............................. 9-11
9.1.16 ONLINE ESTIMATE OF MEASUREMENT ERRORS ..................................... 9-12
9.1.17 CT SATURATION DETECTION ......................................................................9-13
9.1.18 CHARGING CURRENT COMPENSATION.....................................................9-13
9.1.19 DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENT CHARACTERISTICS...........................................9-14
9.1.20 RELAY SYNCHRONIZATION.......................................................................... 9-15
9.2 OPERATING CONDITION CHARACTERISTICS
9.2.1 DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................9-16
9.2.2 TRIP DECISION EXAMPLE............................................................................. 9-18

x L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin
TABLE OF CONTENTS
9.2.3 TRIP DECISION TEST.....................................................................................9-18
9.3 SINGLE-POLE TRIPPING
9.3.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................9-20
9.3.2 PHASE SELECTION ........................................................................................9-23
9.4 FAULT LOCATOR
9.4.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................9-25
9.4.2 MULTI-ENDED FAULT LOCATOR...................................................................9-25
9.4.3 SINGLE-ENDED FAULT LOCATOR................................................................9-31
10. APPLICATION OF
SETTINGS 10.1 CT REQUIREMENTS
10.1.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................10-1
10.1.2 CALCULATION EXAMPLE 1............................................................................10-1
10.1.3 CALCULATION EXAMPLE 2............................................................................10-2
10.2 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL (87L) SETTINGS
10.2.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................10-3
10.2.2 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL PICKUP ...............................................................10-3
10.2.3 CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 1.......................................................................10-3
10.2.4 CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 2.......................................................................10-3
10.2.5 CURRENT DIFF BREAK POINT......................................................................10-3
10.2.6 CT TAP.............................................................................................................10-4
10.2.7 BREAKER-AND-A-HALF..................................................................................10-6
10.2.8 DISTRIBUTED BUS PROTECTION.................................................................10-9
10.3 CHANNEL ASYMMETRY COMPENSATION USING GPS
10.3.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-10
10.3.2 COMPENSATION METHOD 1.......................................................................10-10
10.3.3 COMPENSATION METHOD 2.......................................................................10-11
10.3.4 COMPENSATION METHOD 3.......................................................................10-11
10.4 DISTANCE BACKUP/SUPERVISION
10.4.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-13
10.4.2 PHASE DISTANCE ........................................................................................10-14
10.4.3 GROUND DISTANCE.....................................................................................10-15
10.5 POTT SIGNALING SCHEME
10.5.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-16
10.6 SERIES COMPENSATED LINES
10.6.1 DISTANCE SETTINGS ON SERIES COMPENSATED LINES......................10-17
10.6.2 GROUND DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT..................................................10-18
10.7 LINES WITH TAPPED TRANSFORMERS
10.7.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-19
10.7.2 TRANSFORMER LOAD CURRENTS ............................................................10-19
10.7.3 LV-SIDE FAULTS...........................................................................................10-20
10.7.4 EXTERNAL GROUND FAULTS.....................................................................10-20
10.8 INSTANTANEOUS ELEMENTS
10.8.1 INSTANTANEOUS ELEMENT ERROR DURING L90 SYNCHRONIZATION ...10-
21
11. COMMISSIONING 11.1 TESTING
11.1.1 CHANNEL TESTING........................................................................................11-1
11.1.2 CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION TESTS.............................................................11-2
11.1.3 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL..............................................................................11-3
11.1.4 LOCAL-REMOTE RELAY TESTS....................................................................11-4
A. FLEXANALOG AND
FLEXINTEGER
PARAMETERS
A.1 PARAMETER LISTS
A.1.1 FLEXANALOG ITEMS.......................................................................................A-1
A.1.2 FLEXINTEGER ITEMS....................................................................................A-11