Ge L90 User manual

831776A2.CDR

L90 Line Current Differential

System

UR Series Instruction Manual

L90 revision: 6.0x

Manual P/N: 1601-0081-X2 (GEK-113624)

GE Digital Energy

215 Anderson Avenue, Markham, Ontario

Canada L6E 1B3

Tel: (9 0 5 ) 2 9 4 -6222 Fax: ( 9 0 5 ) 2 0 1 -2098

Internet: http://www.gedigitalenergy.com

GE Multilin's Quality Management

System is registered to ISO

9001:2008

QMI # 005094

UL # A3775

*1601-0081-X2*

LISTED

52TL

IND.CONT. EQ.

E83849

GE Energy

L90 Line Current Differential System UR Series Instruction Manual revision 6.0x.

EnerVista, EnerVista Launchpad, and EnerVista UR Setup are registered

trademarks of GE Multilin Inc.

The contents of this manual are the property of GE Multilin Inc. This

documentation is furnished on license and may not be reproduced in whole or

in part without the permission of GE Multilin. The content of this manual is for

informational use only and is subject to change without notice.

Part number: 1601-0081-X2 (April 2012)

ADDENDUM

This addendum contains information that relates to the L90 Line Current Differential System, version 6.0x. This adden-

dum lists a number of information items that appear in the instruction manual GEK-113624 (revision X2) but are not

included in the current L90 operations.

The following functions and items are not yet available with the current version of the L90 relay:

•Signal sources SRC 5 and SRC 6.

Version 4.0x and higher releases of the L90 relay includes new hardware (CPU and CT/VT modules).

•The new CPU modules are specified with the following order codes: 9E, 9G, 9H, 9J, 9K, 9L, 9M, 9N, 9P, 9R, and 9S.

• The new CT/VT modules are specified with the following order codes: 8F, 8H 8L, 8N.

The following table maps the relationship between the old CPU and CT/VT modules to the newer versions:

The new CT/VT modules can only be used with the new CPUs (9E, 9G, 9H, 9J, 9K, 9L, 9M, 9N, 9P, 9R, and 9S), and

the old CT/VT modules can only be used with the old CPU modules (9A, 9C, 9D). In the event that there is a mismatch

between the CPU and CT/VT module, the relay will not function and a DSP ERROR or HARDWARE MISMATCH error will

be displayed.

All other input/output modules are compatible with the new hardware.

With respect to the firmware, firmware versions 4.0x and higher are only compatible with the new CPU and CT/VT mod-

ules. Previous versions of the firmware (3.4x and earlier) are only compatible with the older CPU and CT/VT modules.

MODULE OLD NEW DESCRIPTION

CPU 9A 9E RS485 and RS485 (Modbus RTU, DNP)

9C 9G RS485 and 10Base-F (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP)

9D 9H RS485 and redundant 10Base-F (Ethernet, Modbus TCP/IP, DNP)

--- 9J RS485 and multi-mode ST 100Base-FX

--- 9K RS485 and multi-mode ST redundant 100Base-FX

--- 9L RS485 and single mode SC 100Base-FX

--- 9M RS485 and single mode SC redundant 100Base-FX

--- 9N RS485 and 10/100Base-T

--- 9P RS485 and single mode ST 100Base-FX

--- 9R RS485 and single mode ST redundant 100Base-FX

--- 9S RS485 and six-port managed Ethernet switch

CT/VT 8A 8F Standard 4CT/4VT

8C 8H Standard 8CT

-- 8L Standard 4CT/4VT with enhanced diagnostics

-- 8N Standard 8CT with enhanced diagnostics

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. GETTING STARTED 1.1 IMPORTANT PROCEDURES

1.1.1 CAUTIONS AND WARNINGS ........................................................................... 1-1

1.1.2 INSPECTION CHECKLIST ................................................................................ 1-1

1.2 UR OVERVIEW

1.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE UR ........................................................................... 1-2

1.2.2 HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE ......................................................................... 1-3

1.2.3 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE.......................................................................... 1-4

1.2.4 IMPORTANT CONCEPTS ................................................................................. 1-4

1.3 ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE

1.3.1 PC REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................ 1-5

1.3.2 INSTALLATION.................................................................................................. 1-5

1.3.3 CONFIGURING THE L90 FOR SOFTWARE ACCESS..................................... 1-6

1.3.4 USING THE QUICK CONNECT FEATURE....................................................... 1-9

1.3.5 CONNECTING TO THE L90 RELAY ............................................................... 1-15

1.4 UR HARDWARE

1.4.1 MOUNTING AND WIRING............................................................................... 1-16

1.4.2 COMMUNICATIONS........................................................................................ 1-16

1.4.3 FACEPLATE DISPLAY .................................................................................... 1-16

1.5 USING THE RELAY

1.5.1 FACEPLATE KEYPAD..................................................................................... 1-17

1.5.2 MENU NAVIGATION ....................................................................................... 1-17

1.5.3 MENU HIERARCHY ........................................................................................ 1-17

1.5.4 RELAY ACTIVATION....................................................................................... 1-17

1.5.5 RELAY PASSWORDS ..................................................................................... 1-18

1.5.6 FLEXLOGIC™ CUSTOMIZATION................................................................... 1-18

1.5.7 COMMISSIONING ........................................................................................... 1-19

2. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.1.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................ 2-1

2.1.2 FEATURES ........................................................................................................ 2-3

2.1.3 ORDERING........................................................................................................ 2-4

2.1.4 REPLACEMENT MODULES ............................................................................. 2-8

2.2 PILOT CHANNEL RELAYING

2.2.1 INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS............................................................... 2-11

2.2.2 CHANNEL MONITOR ...................................................................................... 2-12

2.2.3 LOOPBACK TEST ........................................................................................... 2-13

2.2.4 DIRECT TRANSFER TRIPPING ..................................................................... 2-13

2.3 FUNCTIONALITY

2.3.1 PROTECTION AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS ................................................ 2-14

2.3.2 METERING AND MONITORING FUNCTIONS ............................................... 2-14

2.3.3 OTHER FUNCTIONS....................................................................................... 2-15

2.4 SPECIFICATIONS

2.4.1 PROTECTION ELEMENTS ............................................................................. 2-17

2.4.2 USER-PROGRAMMABLE ELEMENTS........................................................... 2-21

2.4.3 MONITORING.................................................................................................. 2-22

2.4.4 METERING ...................................................................................................... 2-23

2.4.5 INPUTS ............................................................................................................ 2-24

2.4.6 POWER SUPPLY ............................................................................................ 2-25

2.4.7 OUTPUTS ........................................................................................................ 2-25

2.4.8 COMMUNICATIONS........................................................................................ 2-27

2.4.9 INTER-RELAY COMMUNICATIONS............................................................... 2-28

2.4.10 ENVIRONMENTAL .......................................................................................... 2-28

2.4.11 TYPE TESTS ................................................................................................... 2-29

2.4.12 PRODUCTION TESTS .................................................................................... 2-29

2.4.13 APPROVALS ................................................................................................... 2-30

2.4.14 MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................... 2-30

vi L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3. HARDWARE 3.1 DESCRIPTION

3.1.1 PANEL CUTOUT ................................................................................................3-1

3.1.2 MODULE WITHDRAWAL AND INSERTION......................................................3-6

3.1.3 REAR TERMINAL LAYOUT ...............................................................................3-8

3.2 WIRING

3.2.1 TYPICAL WIRING ............................................................................................3-10

3.2.2 DIELECTRIC STRENGTH................................................................................3-11

3.2.3 CONTROL POWER..........................................................................................3-11

3.2.4 CT/VT MODULES.............................................................................................3-12

3.2.5 PROCESS BUS MODULES .............................................................................3-14

3.2.6 CONTACT INPUTS AND OUTPUTS................................................................3-14

3.2.7 TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS ........................................................3-22

3.2.8 RS232 FACEPLATE PORT ..............................................................................3-23

3.2.9 CPU COMMUNICATION PORTS.....................................................................3-23

3.2.10 IRIG-B...............................................................................................................3-26

3.3 PILOT CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS

3.3.1 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................3-28

3.3.2 FIBER: LED AND ELED TRANSMITTERS ......................................................3-29

3.3.3 FIBER-LASER TRANSMITTERS .....................................................................3-29

3.3.4 G.703 INTERFACE...........................................................................................3-30

3.3.5 RS422 INTERFACE .........................................................................................3-33

3.3.6 TWO-CHANNEL TWO-CLOCK RS422 INTERFACE.......................................3-35

3.3.7 RS422 AND FIBER INTERFACE .....................................................................3-35

3.3.8 G.703 AND FIBER INTERFACE ......................................................................3-36

3.3.9 IEEE C37.94 INTERFACE................................................................................3-36

3.3.10 C37.94SM INTERFACE ...................................................................................3-40

3.4 MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULES

3.4.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................3-43

3.4.2 MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULE HARDWARE..............................3-43

3.4.3 MANAGED SWITCH LED INDICATORS .........................................................3-44

3.4.4 INITIAL SETUP OF THE ETHERNET SWITCH MODULE...............................3-44

3.4.5 CONFIGURING THE MANAGED ETHERNET SWITCH MODULE .................3-48

3.4.6 UPLOADING L90 SWITCH MODULE FIRMWARE..........................................3-51

3.4.7 ETHERNET SWITCH SELF-TEST ERRORS...................................................3-53

4. HUMAN INTERFACES 4.1 ENERVISTA UR SETUP SOFTWARE INTERFACE

4.1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................4-1

4.1.2 CREATING A SITE LIST ....................................................................................4-1

4.1.3 ENERVISTA UR SETUP OVERVIEW................................................................4-1

4.1.4 ENERVISTA UR SETUP MAIN WINDOW..........................................................4-4

4.2 EXTENDED ENERVISTA UR SETUP FEATURES

4.2.1 SETTINGS TEMPLATES ...................................................................................4-5

4.2.2 SECURING AND LOCKING FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATIONS ................................4-9

4.2.3 SETTINGS FILE TRACEABILITY.....................................................................4-11

4.3 FACEPLATE INTERFACE

4.3.1 FACEPLATE .....................................................................................................4-14

4.3.2 LED INDICATORS............................................................................................4-15

4.3.3 CUSTOM LABELING OF LEDS .......................................................................4-18

4.3.4 DISPLAY...........................................................................................................4-24

4.3.5 KEYPAD ...........................................................................................................4-24

4.3.6 BREAKER CONTROL ......................................................................................4-24

4.3.7 MENUS.............................................................................................................4-25

4.3.8 CHANGING SETTINGS ...................................................................................4-27

5. SETTINGS 5.1 OVERVIEW

5.1.1 SETTINGS MAIN MENU ....................................................................................5-1

5.1.2 INTRODUCTION TO ELEMENTS......................................................................5-4

5.1.3 INTRODUCTION TO AC SOURCES..................................................................5-5

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

5.2 PRODUCT SETUP

5.2.1 SECURITY ......................................................................................................... 5-8

5.2.2 DISPLAY PROPERTIES.................................................................................. 5-13

5.2.3 CLEAR RELAY RECORDS ............................................................................. 5-14

5.2.4 COMMUNICATIONS........................................................................................ 5-16

5.2.5 MODBUS USER MAP...................................................................................... 5-38

5.2.6 REAL TIME CLOCK......................................................................................... 5-38

5.2.7 FAULT REPORTS ........................................................................................... 5-39

5.2.8 OSCILLOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 5-42

5.2.9 DATA LOGGER ............................................................................................... 5-44

5.2.10 DEMAND.......................................................................................................... 5-45

5.2.11 USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS..................................................................... 5-46

5.2.12 USER-PROGRAMMABLE SELF-TESTS ........................................................ 5-50

5.2.13 CONTROL PUSHBUTTONS ........................................................................... 5-50

5.2.14 USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS ................................................... 5-52

5.2.15 FLEX STATE PARAMETERS .......................................................................... 5-57

5.2.16 USER-DEFINABLE DISPLAYS ....................................................................... 5-58

5.2.17 INSTALLATION................................................................................................ 5-60

5.3 REMOTE RESOURCES

5.3.1 REMOTE RESOURCES CONFIGURATION ................................................... 5-61

5.4 SYSTEM SETUP

5.4.1 AC INPUTS ...................................................................................................... 5-62

5.4.2 POWER SYSTEM............................................................................................ 5-63

5.4.3 SIGNAL SOURCES ......................................................................................... 5-64

5.4.4 L90 POWER SYSTEM..................................................................................... 5-67

5.4.5 BREAKERS...................................................................................................... 5-72

5.4.6 DISCONNECT SWITCHES ............................................................................. 5-76

5.4.7 FLEXCURVES™.............................................................................................. 5-79

5.4.8 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT.................................................................... 5-86

5.5 FLEXLOGIC™

5.5.1 INTRODUCTION TO FLEXLOGIC™............................................................. 5-105

5.5.2 FLEXLOGIC™ RULES .................................................................................. 5-117

5.5.3 FLEXLOGIC™ EVALUATION........................................................................ 5-117

5.5.4 FLEXLOGIC™ EXAMPLE ............................................................................. 5-118

5.5.5 FLEXLOGIC™ EQUATION EDITOR ............................................................. 5-122

5.5.6 FLEXLOGIC™ TIMERS................................................................................. 5-122

5.5.7 FLEXELEMENTS™ ....................................................................................... 5-123

5.5.8 NON-VOLATILE LATCHES ........................................................................... 5-127

5.6 GROUPED ELEMENTS

5.6.1 OVERVIEW.................................................................................................... 5-128

5.6.2 SETTING GROUP ......................................................................................... 5-128

5.6.3 LINE DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENT................................................................... 5-129

5.6.4 LINE PICKUP................................................................................................. 5-134

5.6.5 DISTANCE ..................................................................................................... 5-136

5.6.6 POWER SWING DETECT ............................................................................. 5-154

5.6.7 LOAD ENCROACHMENT.............................................................................. 5-163

5.6.8 PHASE CURRENT ........................................................................................ 5-165

5.6.9 NEUTRAL CURRENT.................................................................................... 5-175

5.6.10 WATTMETRIC GROUND FAULT.................................................................. 5-183

5.6.11 GROUND CURRENT..................................................................................... 5-186

5.6.12 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE CURRENT ............................................................. 5-188

5.6.13 BREAKER FAILURE...................................................................................... 5-194

5.6.14 VOLTAGE ELEMENTS.................................................................................. 5-203

5.6.15 SENSITIVE DIRECTIONAL POWER............................................................. 5-209

5.6.16 SUPERVISING ELEMENTS .......................................................................... 5-213

5.7 CONTROL ELEMENTS

5.7.1 OVERVIEW.................................................................................................... 5-217

5.7.2 TRIP BUS....................................................................................................... 5-217

5.7.3 SETTING GROUPS ....................................................................................... 5-219

5.7.4 SELECTOR SWITCH..................................................................................... 5-220

5.7.5 TRIP OUTPUT ............................................................................................... 5-226

5.7.6 UNDERFREQUENCY.................................................................................... 5-232

5.7.7 OVERFREQUENCY ...................................................................................... 5-233

5.7.8 FREQUENCY RATE OF CHANGE................................................................ 5-234

5.7.9 SYNCHROCHECK......................................................................................... 5-236

viii L90 Line Current Differential System GE Multilin

TABLE OF CONTENTS

5.7.10 DIGITAL ELEMENTS .....................................................................................5-240

5.7.11 DIGITAL COUNTERS.....................................................................................5-243

5.7.12 MONITORING ELEMENTS ............................................................................5-245

5.7.13 PILOT SCHEMES...........................................................................................5-268

5.7.14 AUTORECLOSE.............................................................................................5-271

5.8 INPUTS/OUTPUTS

5.8.1 CONTACT INPUTS ........................................................................................5-283

5.8.2 VIRTUAL INPUTS ..........................................................................................5-285

5.8.3 CONTACT OUTPUTS ....................................................................................5-286

5.8.4 VIRTUAL OUTPUTS ......................................................................................5-288

5.8.5 REMOTE DEVICES........................................................................................5-289

5.8.6 REMOTE INPUTS ..........................................................................................5-290

5.8.7 REMOTE DOUBLE-POINT STATUS INPUTS ...............................................5-291

5.8.8 REMOTE OUTPUTS ......................................................................................5-292

5.8.9 DIRECT INPUTS/OUTPUTS ..........................................................................5-292

5.8.10 RESETTING ...................................................................................................5-295

5.8.11 IEC 61850 GOOSE ANALOGS ......................................................................5-295

5.8.12 IEC 61850 GOOSE INTEGERS .....................................................................5-296

5.9 TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

5.9.1 DCMA INPUTS ...............................................................................................5-297

5.9.2 RTD INPUTS ..................................................................................................5-298

5.9.3 DCMA OUTPUTS ...........................................................................................5-300

5.10 TESTING

5.10.1 TEST MODE...................................................................................................5-303

5.10.2 FORCE CONTACT INPUTS...........................................................................5-304

5.10.3 FORCE CONTACT OUTPUTS.......................................................................5-305

5.10.4 CHANNEL TESTS ..........................................................................................5-306

5.10.5 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT TEST VALUES .........................................5-306

6. ACTUAL VALUES 6.1 OVERVIEW

6.1.1 ACTUAL VALUES MAIN MENU .........................................................................6-1

6.2 STATUS

6.2.1 CONTACT INPUTS ............................................................................................6-3

6.2.2 VIRTUAL INPUTS ..............................................................................................6-3

6.2.3 REMOTE INPUTS ..............................................................................................6-3

6.2.4 REMOTE DOUBLE-POINT STATUS INPUTS ...................................................6-4

6.2.5 DIRECT INPUTS ................................................................................................6-4

6.2.6 CONTACT OUTPUTS ........................................................................................6-4

6.2.7 VIRTUAL OUTPUTS ..........................................................................................6-5

6.2.8 AUTORECLOSE.................................................................................................6-5

6.2.9 REMOTE DEVICES............................................................................................6-5

6.2.10 CHANNEL TESTS ..............................................................................................6-6

6.2.11 DIGITAL COUNTERS.........................................................................................6-7

6.2.12 SELECTOR SWITCHES ....................................................................................6-7

6.2.13 FLEX STATES....................................................................................................6-8

6.2.14 ETHERNET ........................................................................................................6-8

6.2.15 IEC 61850 GOOSE INTEGERS .........................................................................6-8

6.2.16 ETHERNET SWITCH .........................................................................................6-9

6.3 METERING

6.3.1 METERING CONVENTIONS ...........................................................................6-10

6.3.2 DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT..............................................................................6-13

6.3.3 SOURCES ........................................................................................................6-14

6.3.4 SENSITIVE DIRECTIONAL POWER ...............................................................6-19

6.3.5 SYNCHROCHECK ...........................................................................................6-19

6.3.6 TRACKING FREQUENCY................................................................................6-19

6.3.7 FREQUENCY RATE OF CHANGE ..................................................................6-19

6.3.8 FLEXELEMENTS™ ..........................................................................................6-20

6.3.9 IEC 61580 GOOSE ANALOG VALUES ...........................................................6-20

6.3.10 WATTMETRIC GROUND FAULT.....................................................................6-21

6.3.11 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT ....................................................................6-21

6.3.12 TRANSDUCER INPUTS AND OUTPUTS........................................................6-22

GE Multilin L90 Line Current Differential System ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

6.4 RECORDS

6.4.1 FAULT REPORTS ........................................................................................... 6-23

6.4.2 EVENT RECORDS .......................................................................................... 6-23

6.4.3 OSCILLOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 6-24

6.4.4 DATA LOGGER ............................................................................................... 6-24

6.4.5 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT RECORDS................................................. 6-24

6.4.6 BREAKER MAINTENANCE............................................................................. 6-25

6.5 PRODUCT INFORMATION

6.5.1 MODEL INFORMATION .................................................................................. 6-26

6.5.2 FIRMWARE REVISIONS ................................................................................. 6-26

7. COMMANDS AND

TARGETS

7.1 COMMANDS

7.1.1 COMMANDS MENU .......................................................................................... 7-1

7.1.2 VIRTUAL INPUTS.............................................................................................. 7-1

7.1.3 CLEAR RECORDS ............................................................................................ 7-2

7.1.4 SET DATE AND TIME ....................................................................................... 7-2

7.1.5 RELAY MAINTENANCE .................................................................................... 7-3

7.1.6 PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT ONE-SHOT.................................................. 7-3

7.2 TARGETS

7.2.1 TARGETS MENU............................................................................................... 7-6

7.2.2 TARGET MESSAGES ....................................................................................... 7-6

7.2.3 RELAY SELF-TESTS......................................................................................... 7-6

8. SECURITY 8.1 PASSWORD SECURITY

8.1.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................ 8-1

8.1.2 PASSWORD SECURITY MENU ....................................................................... 8-2

8.1.3 LOCAL PASSWORDS....................................................................................... 8-2

8.1.4 REMOTE PASSWORDS ................................................................................... 8-3

8.1.5 ACCESS SUPERVISION................................................................................... 8-4

8.1.6 DUAL PERMISSION SECURITY ACCESS ....................................................... 8-4

8.2 ENERVISTA SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

8.2.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................ 8-6

8.2.2 ENABLING THE SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ................................... 8-6

8.2.3 ADDING A NEW USER ..................................................................................... 8-6

8.2.4 MODIFYING USER PRIVILEGES ..................................................................... 8-7

9. THEORY OF OPERATION 9.1 OVERVIEW

9.1.1 L90 DESIGN ...................................................................................................... 9-1

9.1.2 L90 ARCHITECTURE ........................................................................................ 9-1

9.1.3 REMOVAL OF DECAYING OFFSET................................................................. 9-2

9.1.4 PHASELET COMPUTATION............................................................................. 9-2

9.1.5 DISTURBANCE DETECTION............................................................................ 9-3

9.1.6 FAULT DETECTION .......................................................................................... 9-3

9.1.7 GROUND DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENT............................................................... 9-4

9.1.8 CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION ........................................................................... 9-5

9.1.9 FREQUENCY TRACKING AND PHASE LOCKING .......................................... 9-6

9.1.10 FREQUENCY DETECTION............................................................................... 9-7

9.1.11 PHASE DETECTION ......................................................................................... 9-7

9.1.12 PHASE LOCKING FILTER .............................................................................. 9-10

9.1.13 MATCHING PHASELETS................................................................................ 9-11

9.1.14 START-UP ....................................................................................................... 9-11

9.1.15 HARDWARE AND COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS ............................. 9-11

9.1.16 ONLINE ESTIMATE OF MEASUREMENT ERRORS ..................................... 9-12

9.1.17 CT SATURATION DETECTION ...................................................................... 9-13

9.1.18 CHARGING CURRENT COMPENSATION ..................................................... 9-13

9.1.19 DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENT CHARACTERISTICS........................................... 9-14

9.1.20 RELAY SYNCHRONIZATION.......................................................................... 9-15

xL90 Line Current Differential SystemGE Multilin

TABLE OF CONTENTS

9.2 OPERATING CONDITION CHARACTERISTICS

9.2.1 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................9-16

9.2.2 TRIP DECISION EXAMPLE .............................................................................9-18

9.2.3 TRIP DECISION TEST .....................................................................................9-18

9.3 SINGLE-POLE TRIPPING

9.3.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................9-20

9.3.2 PHASE SELECTION ........................................................................................9-23

9.4 FAULT LOCATOR

9.4.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................9-25

9.4.2 MULTI-ENDED FAULT LOCATOR...................................................................9-25

9.4.3 SINGLE-ENDED FAULT LOCATOR ................................................................9-31

10. APPLICATION OF

SETTINGS

10.1 CT REQUIREMENTS

10.1.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................10-1

10.1.2 CALCULATION EXAMPLE 1............................................................................10-1

10.1.3 CALCULATION EXAMPLE 2............................................................................10-2

10.2 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL (87L) SETTINGS

10.2.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................10-3

10.2.2 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL PICKUP ...............................................................10-3

10.2.3 CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 1 .......................................................................10-3

10.2.4 CURRENT DIFF RESTRAINT 2 .......................................................................10-3

10.2.5 CURRENT DIFF BREAK POINT ......................................................................10-3

10.2.6 CT TAP .............................................................................................................10-4

10.2.7 BREAKER-AND-A-HALF..................................................................................10-6

10.2.8 DISTRIBUTED BUS PROTECTION .................................................................10-9

10.3 CHANNEL ASYMMETRY COMPENSATION USING GPS

10.3.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-10

10.3.2 COMPENSATION METHOD 1 .......................................................................10-10

10.3.3 COMPENSATION METHOD 2 .......................................................................10-11

10.3.4 COMPENSATION METHOD 3 .......................................................................10-11

10.4 DISTANCE BACKUP/SUPERVISION

10.4.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-13

10.4.2 PHASE DISTANCE ........................................................................................10-14

10.4.3 GROUND DISTANCE.....................................................................................10-15

10.5 POTT SIGNALING SCHEME

10.5.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-16

10.6 SERIES COMPENSATED LINES

10.6.1 DISTANCE SETTINGS ON SERIES COMPENSATED LINES ......................10-17

10.6.2 GROUND DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT ..................................................10-18

10.7 LINES WITH TAPPED TRANSFORMERS

10.7.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-19

10.7.2 TRANSFORMER LOAD CURRENTS ............................................................10-19

10.7.3 LV-SIDE FAULTS ...........................................................................................10-20

10.7.4 EXTERNAL GROUND FAULTS .....................................................................10-20

10.8 INSTANTANEOUS ELEMENTS

10.8.1 INSTANTANEOUS ELEMENT ERROR DURING L90 SYNCHRONIZATION ...10-

11. COMMISSIONING 11.1 TESTING

11.1.1 CHANNEL TESTING ........................................................................................11-1

11.1.2 CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION TESTS .............................................................11-2

11.1.3 CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL..............................................................................11-3

11.1.4 LOCAL-REMOTE RELAY TESTS ....................................................................11-4

Other manuals for L90

Table of contents

Popular Relay manuals by other brands

Woodward

Woodward BU1-DC2 manual

ABB

ABB SSR32 product manual

Siemens

Siemens SIRIUS 3UG4633 operating instructions

Siemens

Siemens SIRIUS 3TK2824 A.20 Series Original operating instructions

Shelly

Shelly Pro Series user manual

ABB

ABB RELION REF615R manual

Kemo Electronic

Kemo Electronic B197 quick guide

Seg

Seg MRM3 manual

Basler

Basler BE1-700C manual

CD Automation

CD Automation REVEX 2PH 280A user manual

ABB

ABB SPAJ 142 C User manual and technical description

Ruelco

Ruelco 1S04 Operation manual

Basler

Basler V3E Z1P B2C1F instruction manual

Kyongbo Electronics

Kyongbo Electronics GDR-D01 user manual

Eaton

Eaton easyE4 series Application note

Siemens

Siemens BD2-AK03X/FS Series installation instructions

Leuze

Leuze MSI-SR5B Original operating instructions

Littelfuse

Littelfuse SE-330AU manual

GE L90 User manual

Popular Relay manuals by other brands