Hanna Instruments HI 93114 User manual

Instruction Manual
HI 93114
Turbidity & Chlorine
Measurements
www.hannainst.com

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PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Remove the instrument from the packing ma-
terial and examine it to make sure that no
damage has occurred during shipping.
If there is any damage, immediately notify
your dealer.
HI 93114 is supplied complete with:
•Glass cuvet with cap
•Batteries (4 x 1.5V AA)
•Instruction manual
An optional starter kit HI 731327 is also avail-
able, complete with:
•2 glass cuvets with caps
•Calibration standards HI 93102-0 (AMCO-
AEPA-1 @0 NTU* solution, 30 mL bottle)
and HI 93102-20 (AMCO-AEPA-1 @20
NTU* solution, 30 mL bottle)
• HI 93703-50 cuvet cleaning solution
•Tissue for wiping cuvets
•Rugged carrying case
Note: Save all packing material until you are
sure that the instrument functions cor-
rectly. Any defective item must be re-
turned in its original packaging with
the supplied accessories.
* 1 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) = 1 FTU
(Formazine Turbidity Unit)
DearCustomer,
ThankyouforchoosingaHANNAinstruments®
product.
Please read this instruction manual carefully
beforeusingtheinstrument.
Thismanualwillprovideyouwiththenecessary
informationforthecorrectuseoftheinstrument,
as well as a precise idea of its versatility.
Foranyadditionaltechnicalinformation,donot
hesitatetoe-mailusat[email protected].
This instrument is in compliance with the
directives.
TABLEOFCONTENTS
Preliminary Examination ............................. 3
General Description.................................... 4
Principle of Operation ................................. 6
FunctionalDescription ................................ 9
Specifications ........................................... 12
OperationalGuide ..................................... 13
Calibration................................................. 19
Diagnosticmode ....................................... 27
Logging ..................................................... 28
User-selectableShutdown......................... 30
BatteryReplacement ................................ 31
DiagnosticCodes...................................... 32
Accessories.............................................. 33
Warranty ................................................... 34
CEDeclarationof Conformity .................... 35

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The large dual-level display can show the
measured parameter on the main part, while
the lower level indicates current mode (e.g.
“F CL” for free chlorine or “TR” for turbidity).
Additional symbols show low battery condi-
tion, logging mode, date, time, etc.
A pure green LED is utilized as light source
for both turbidimetric and colorimetric mea-
surements. A silicon photocell receives the
transmitted light from colorimetric channel,
while another photocell detects the scattered
light from the turbidimetric (nephelometric)
channel.
In order to measure chlorine parameters, it is
necessary to do the zero with the blank
sample, and then add 1 packet of reagent.
After placing the cuvet back in the meter and
pressing READ, the measurement is shown
directly on the LCD.
The instrument also features an automatic
shut-off with user-selectable delay at 10, 20,
30, 40, 50 or 60 minutes.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
With the hand held HI 93114, three important
parametersinwaterqualityanalysisareatyour
fingertips. Free and total chlorine measure-
ments and US EPA compliant turbidity mea-
surements are performed quickly and reliably
withthislab-grademicroprocessor-basedfield
instrument.
HI93114isparticularlyusefulforpotablewater
measurementsandmunicipalities.
With HI 93114 measurements can be per-
formed using either concentration or relative
absorbance of the sample depending on the
requirementsoftheapplication.
HI 93114 can be calibrated using the factory
preprogrammed calibration points or can be
customcalibratedwhenin colorimetric mode.
Thisruggedinstrumenthasbeenengineeredto
offer all the sophistication and reliability of
benchtoplaboratoryinstrumentationinthesize
ofahandheldmeter.
HI 93114 complies with GLP standards (Good
Laboratory Practice), that is:
• When switched on, the LCD displays all
segments (display check)
• Battery status is monitored during every
measurement cycle warning the user if the
batteries become weak. In addition, the
meter will turn itself off before low voltage
causes erroneous readings
• It utilizes a real time clock and recalls
calibration data such as date, time and
calibration values
To facilitate field tests, the meter provides a
logging mode for storing up to 25 measure-
ments along with time and date information
for retrieval at a later date.

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Colorimetric Mode
The color of every object we see is deter-
mined by a process of absorption and emis-
sion of the electromagnetic radiation (light) of
its molecules.
Colorimetric analysis is based on the principle
that specific compounds react with others to
form a color, the intensity of which is
proportional to the concentration of the
substance being measured.
Block diagram of an ion specific measurement
When a substance is exposed to a beam of
light intensity Io, a portion of the radiation is
absorbed by the substance's molecules and
a radiation of intensity I, lower than Io, is
emitted.
The quantity of radiation absorbed is given by
the Lambert-Beer Law:
log Io/I= ελc d
Where log Io/I = Absorbance (A)
ελ= molar extinction coefficient of the
substance at wavelength λ
c = molar concentration of the
substance
d = optical distance light travels
through the sample
Since other factors are known, the concen-
tration "c" can be calculated from the color
intensity of the substance determined by the
emitted radiation I.
An LED (Light Emitting Diode) emits radiation
at a relatively narrow spectrum, supplying the
system with the intensity Io.
LED
EMITTED LIGHT
CUVET MICROPROCESSOR
LIGHT
DETECTOR
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Turbidity Mode
HI 93114 has been designed to perform mea-
surements according to the USEPA’s 180.1
method and the Standard Method 2130B.
The instrument functions by passing a beam
of light through a vial containing the sample
being measured.
The light source is a Pure Green LED to
ensure that any interference caused by a
colored samples is minimized.
A sensor, positioned at 90° with respect to
the direction of light, detects the amount of
light scattered by the undissolved particles
present in the sample. The microprocessor
converts such readings into NTU* values.
NTU units are equal to FTU units. However,
there are other known measurement units for
turbidity, namely the Jackson Turbidity Unit
(JTU) based on the old method of Jackson's
candle, and Silica Unit (mg/L of SiO2). The
conversion table between these measurement
units is shown below:
JTU NTU/FTU SiO2 (mg/L)
JTU 1 19 2.5
NTU/FTU 0.053 1 0.13
SiO2 (mg/L) 0.4 7.5 1
*1NTU=1 FTU

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FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
1) Primary LCD:
When the meter is switched on, the LCD
shows all segments for a few seconds.
It then displays four dashes to indicate
“ready to measure”.
In “Read” and “Zero” mode, “SIP” is shown
to indicate “Sample In Progress”.
The upper level also indicates the concen-
tration or turbidity value of the sample, as
well as different diagnostic modes, such
as “-BA-” for low battery.
A substance absorbs a color complimentary
to the color it emits. For example, a
substance appears yellow because it absorbs
blue light. As a result, the Hanna meters use
LED’s with specific wavelengths to measure
samples.
The optical distance (d) is measured by the
internal diameter of the cuvet containing the
sample.
The photoelectric cell collects the radiation I
that is not absorbed by the sample and
converts it into an electric current.
The microprocessor converts the value into
the desired measuring unit and displays it on
the LCD.
The measurement process is done in two
phases: setting the meter to zero and actual
measurement.
The cuvet is an optical element and hence
has an important role in the measurement
process. Both the measurement and the
calibration cuvets must be optically identical
to provide the same measurement conditions.
It is also important that the surface of the
cuvet is clean and free from scratches or
dents, in order to avoid measurement
interference due to unwanted reflection and
absorption of light.
It is recommended that wherever possible the
cuvet walls are not touched by the operator.
Furthermore, in order to maintain the same
conditions during the zeroing and the
measuring phases, it is necessary to close
the cuvets to prevent any contamination.

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10) CAL key: If pressed during calibration,
the calibration procedure will
be aborted and the last cali-
bration data will be retrieved.
If pressed together with the
ALT key for less then 3 sec-
onds, the diagnostic mode will
be entered.
If pressed together with the
ALT key again, the meter will
quit diagnostic mode.
If pressed for more then 3
seconds, a blinking “CAL” will
appear and the calibration
procedure is entered.
11) GLP/Abs key: In ion specific mode, it will
toggle concentration/absor-
bance readings on main LCD.
In turbidity mode, GLP data
(date, time and the 2 calibra-
tion values) will be shown.
If pressed in time/date setup
mode, the meter will quit cur-
rent mode without making any
change.
12) key Scrolls upwards through the
parameters to be measured.
In calibration and diagnostic
modes, increments the blink-
ing digit by one.
If pressed together with ALT
while the meter is in logging
mode, the upper LCD will
show the stored data (date,
time, value).
13) ALT key: Activates alternative functions.
14) key: Scrolls downwards through the
parameters to be measured.
2) Secondary LCD:
The three-digit lower level shows the cur-
rent measurement mode (“F CL”, “tCL”, or
“tr”), and diagnostic or calibration modes,
such as “d11”, “2 Fn”, “5c1”.
3) DATE: Indicates that the main LCD
is showing the current date,
the date of last calibration or
the date of logged measure-
ment in memory.
4) TIME: Indicates that the main LCD
is showing the current time,
the time of last calibration or
the time of logged measure-
ment in memory.
5) LOBAT: Blinks to warn the user of low
battery voltage.
6) LOG: Blinks to indicate that the
meter is in the scroll mode
viewing the logged data.
If fixed, it indicates that the
meter is in the log mode and
every reading will be stored
in memory.
7) ON/OFF key:Turns the meter on and off.
8) ZERO/ key: In ion specific mode, it ze-
ros the sample.
In calibration and diagnostic
modes, it works as ENTER.
In turbidity mode, it is not
used.
9) READ/ key: Takes concentration/tur-
bidity measurement of the
sample.
In diagnostic or calibration
mode, shifts the flashing digit
to the right.

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OPERATIONAL GUIDE
SET CURRENT TIME/DATE
To set or change the current time, turn on the
meter. After initialization routine, the LCD will
show:
Press and hold the ALT and GLP keys to-
gether. Display will show the current date in
MM.DD format (e.g. August 28 is shown as
08.28).
Release the keys. The month digits will blink.
Make the necessary adjustments with the
and keys. To skip to the day digits, press
the key.
After the adjustments, press the key. The
unit will store the newly set month-day data
in its EEPROM and will show the current
time by a 24 hour clock HH.MM format, e.g.
2:28 pm is:
Similarly, make the necessary adjustments
as described above and press . The newly
set up “month - day - hour - minute” data will
be stored in memory.
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SPECIFICATIONS
* 1 NTU = 1 FTU
In calibration and diagnostic
modes, decreases the blink-
ing digit by one.
If pressed together with ALT
while the meter is in logging
mode, the upper LCD will
show the current lot number.
HI93114
Range Turbidity 0.00to50.0NTU*
Free Cl20.00 to 2.50 mg/L
Total Cl20.00 to 3.50 mg/L
Resolution
Turbidity 0.01and0.1NTU*
Free Cl20.01 mg/L
Total Cl20.01 mg/L
Accuracy
Turbidity ±0.5 NTU* or ±5% (whichever greater)
Free & Total Cl2±0.03 mg/L or
±3%(whichever greater)
Light Source PuregreenLED
Light Source Life Life of the instrument
Light Detector Two silicon photocells
Battery Type 4 x 1.5V AA alkaline
Battery Life 60 hours or 1000 measurements
Auto-off Selectable after
10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60 minutes
Environment 0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F);
RH max 95% non-condensing
Dimensions 220 x 82 x 66 mm
(8.7 x 3.2 x 2.6")
Weight 510 g (1.1 lb.)

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Press READ. The meter will intermittently
display “SIP” on the upper level of the LCD.
After a few seconds the display will show the
turbidity value, e.g. 5.34 NTU:
COLORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS
Turn the meter on. After the initialization rou-
tine, the LCD will display:
Use the and keys to
choose the desired pa-
rameter:
F CL Free Chlorine t CL Total Chlorine
Measuring Chlorine
Fill the vial with the sample (blank). The
surface of the vial should be clean and scratch
free.
Insert the blank sample into the
cuvet holder and ensure that the
notch on the cap is positioned
securely into the groove. Press
ZERO.
CURRENT TIME/DATE RECALL
To recall current TIME/DATE press and hold
the ALT and READ keys together. The cur-
rent time and an intermittent “TIME” will be
displayed.
Release the keys.
Press and hold the ALT and READ keys
again and the meter will show the current
date together with an intermittent “DATE”.
TURBIDITY MEASUREMENTS
Fill the vial with the sample.
The surface of the vial should
be clean and scratch free.
Turn the meter on. After the initialization rou-
tine, the LCD will show:
Use the and keys to set the lower level of
the LCD to turbidity (tr).
Insert the sample into the cuvet
holder and ensure that the
notch on the cap is positioned
securely into the groove.
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The main LCD will show
four dashes and “d 00”
is displayed on the
lower part, with the sec-
ond “0” flashing:
Using the , and
keys change the lower
row of the display to
show “d 11”:
Press the key. This key is also used as a
toggle between USER (USR) and FACTORY
(FCT) programmed functions. Select the USER
mode (if necessary by pressing the key
more than once):
Press ALT and CAL until four dashes are
displayed on the upper display and “# fn” are
shown in the lower part of the LCD.
Using the and keys select the number
from 0 to 1 where the appropriate calibration
data have been stored.
Add the appropriate reagent into the blank
sample cuvet. Shake and allow a few sec-
onds for color to develop.
For the Free or Total Chlorine add the con-
tent of its respective packet:
Replace the cap and shake the cuvet. For
best results wait 2½ mins. for Total Chlorine.
Insert the reacted sample into the cuvet holder
and ensure that the notch on the cap is posi-
tioned securely into the groove. Press READ.
The meter will show “SIP” for a few seconds
and then the concentration:
Measurements in user-customized mode
Note: The meter must be calibrated for this
purpose. Follow the 2 point procedure
on page 26 before proceeding.
Turn the meter on, and press both ALT and
CAL buttons.
The meter will show “SIP” for a few seconds
and then a zero indication:
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1 x

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CALIBRATION
TURBIDITY CALIBRATION
The meter should be properly calibrated with
a standard prepared as described in USEPA
method 180.1.
Span calibration
To calibrate the span of the meter,
fill the cuvet with the primary tur-
bidity formazine standard of
50NTU.
Inspect and clean thoroughly the
surface of the vial.
Shake the standard vigorously for
a few seconds and wait a few
minutes for the bubbles to disap-
pear.
Turn the meter on and press both ALT and
CAL momentarily.
The LCD will show four
dashes on the upper
and “d 00” on the lower
part of the LCD with
the second “0” blinking.
Using the , and
keys change the lower
row of the display to
show “d 21”.
Insert the previously
prepared 50 NTU stan-
dard into the cuvet
holder and make sure
that the notch on the
cap is positioned se-
curely into the groove.
Press .
Insert the reacted sample into the cuvet holder
and make sure that the notch on the cap is
positioned securely into the groove. Press
READ.
The meter will first show “SIP” for a few
seconds and afterwards the sample concen-
tration:
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