Hanna Instruments HI 93703 User manual

1
Instruction Manual
HI 93703
PortableMicroprocessor
TurbidityMeter

32
WithHI 93703 turbiditymeasurementscan be
performedwithhighprecisioninthefieldaswell
as in the laboratory.
HI 93703 turbidity meter is a portable,
microprocessor-based instrument used to
determinetheturbidityofwaterandwastewater.
Themetercoversa0to1000FTUrangeintwo
scales:0.00to50.00FTUand50to1000FTU.
The auto-ranging feature sets the appropriate
rangeforthemeasurement.
HI 93703 has been designed according to
the ISO7027 International Standard,
consequently the turbidity unit is the FTU
(Formazine Turbidity Unit). FTU is
equivalent to the other internationally
recognized unit: NTU (Nephelometric
Turbidity Unit).
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
DearCustomer,
ThankyouforchoosingaHANNAinstruments®
product.
Please read this instruction manual carefully
beforeusingthe instrument.
Thismanualwillprovideyouwithalltheneces-
sary information for the correct use of the
instrument. If you need additional technical
information, do not hesitate to e-mail us at
[email protected].
This instrument is in compliance with the
directives.
TABLEOFCONTENTS
Preliminaryexamination ............................. 3
Generaldescription .................................... 3
Principleofoperation.................................. 5
Functionaldescription ................................ 6
Specifications ............................................ 7
Operationalguide ....................................... 8
Measurementprocedure........................ 8
Howtoensureaccuratemeasurements ... 11
Sourcesofinterferences...................... 12
Calibration................................................ 13
Calibrationprocedure .......................... 13
Howtoensureaccuratecalibration...... 16
Standardsuspension .......................... 17
Viewingthecalibrationdate ................ 17
Batteryreplacement................................. 18
LCDanderrormessages.......................... 20
Accessories............................................. 22
Warranty .................................................. 22
CEdeclarationofconformity .................... 23
PRELIMINARYEXAMINATION
Removethe instrument fromthe packing material
and examine it to make sure that no damage has
occurred during shipping. If there is any damage,
notifyyourdealer.
HI 93703 is supplied complete with:
•Glass cuvet with cap
•Batteries (4 x 1.5V AA) and instructions
HI 93703C is a complete kit supplied with:
•2 glass cuvets with caps
•Batteries (4 x 1.5V AA) and instructions
• HI 93703-0 & HI 93703-10 cal. solutions
• HI 93703-50 cleaning solution
•Tissue for wiping cuvets
•Ruggedcarryingcase
Note: Save all packing material until you are
sure that the meter functions correctly.
All defective items must be returned in
its original packaging with the supplied
accessories.

54
IR LED
EMITTED LIGHT (890 nm)
CUVET
LIGHT
DETECTOR
90° SCATTERED
LIGHT
PRINCIPLEOFOPERATION
* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
HI 93703 has been designed to perform mea-
surementsaccordingto theISO7027Interna-
tionalStandard.
Theinstrumentfunctionsbypassingabeamof
infraredlightthroughavialcontainingthesample
beingmeasured.
The light source is a High Emission Infrared
LED with a wavelength peaking at 890 nm,
ensuring that the interference caused by col-
ored samples is minimum.
Asensor, positionedat 90°with respectto the
direction of light, detects the amount of light
scatteredbytheundissolvedparticlespresent
in the sample. The microprocessor converts
such readings into FTU* values.
As noted above, FTU unit is equal to the NTU
unit.However,thereareotherknownmeasure-
mentunits forturbidity: JacksonTurbidity Unit
(JTU) based on the old method of Jackson's
candle,andSilicaUnit(mg/LofSiO2).Foryour
referencetheconversiontablebetweenthese
measurementunits isshownbelow:
JTU FTU/NTU SiO2 (mg/L)
JTU 1 19 2.5
FTU/NTU 0.053 1 0.13
SiO2 (mg/L) 0.4 7.5 1
* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
Themeterhousingisaruggedandlightweight
case,withan easy-to-readLCD.
Tosavebattery-life,theinstrumentisequipped
with an automatic shut-off feature which is
activatedafter4minutesofnon-use.
Themeter is verysimple touse: alloperations
can be carried out with only four keys and
troubleshootingfunctionscanbeperformedwith
displayederrorcodeguides.
An exclusive positive-locking system guaran-
tees that the cuvet is firmly placed in the cell.
Thekeypadiswater-resistantandcanbewiped
with a moist cloth for quick cleanups.
The one-point calibration at 10 FTU* can be
easily performed using the available stan-
dard. In addition, HI 93703 is the first por-
table turbidity meter that allows to store the
last calibration date and to retrieve it at the
user’s convenience.
HANNAinstrumentshaschosen10FTU*as
thecalibrationpoint because it is thevalue
that best fits the water turbidity measure-
mentsindifferentapplications, fromdrink-
ing water to wastewater treatment.
HANNAinstrumentsusestheprimarystandard
AMCO-AEPA-1 to avoid all formazine-related
problems. Formazine is a very toxic, unstable
substance, which requires particular care: its
standardshavetobepreparedonlyafewmin-
utesbeforeperformingthecalibration,andcan-
notbereusedbecauseoftheirshortlife.Hanna
Instruments standards are extremely stable,
canbereused,andlastuptosixmonths,iffree
fromcontamination.
HI 93703 can be used with both standards.

76
SPECIFICATIONS
* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
Range 0.00 to 50.00 FTU *
50 to 1000 FTU *
Resolution 0.01 and 1 FTU *
Accuracy ±0.5 FTU* or
±5% of reading (whichever is greater)
TypicalEMCDeviation ±2% FS
Calibration 3 point (0, 10 and 500 FTU*)
LightSource Infrared LED
LightSourceLife Life of the instrument
LightDetector Silicon Photocell
BatteryType 4 x 1.5V AA alkaline
Battery Life Approx. 60 hours of use
or 900 measurements
Auto-off After 5 minutes of non-use
Environment 0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F);
RH max 95% non-condensing
Dimensions 220 x 82 x 66 mm
(8.7 x 3.2 x 2.6")
Weight 510 g (1.1 lb.)
3
45
6
2
1
FUNCTIONALDESCRIPTION
1) Measurementcell
2) LCD(LiquidCrystalDisplay)
3) ON/OFFkey
4) CAL key, to enter the calibration mode
5) READ/⇑key,toperformmeasurementsand
to set the date (day and month) of the last
calibration
6) DATE/⇒key,todisplaythelastcalibration
date and to select either the month or the
day of last calibration

98
•Wipethecuvettethor-
oughlywithalint-free
tissue(HI 93703-70)
before inserting into
the measurement
cell. The cuvette
must be completely
free of fingerprints
and other oil or dirt,
particularly in the
area where the light
goes through (ap-
proximately the bot-
tom 2 cm/1 inch of
the cuvette).
•Place the cuvette
into the cell and
checkthatthenotch
on the cap is posi-
tionedsecurely into
the groove.
• The mark on the
cuvette cap should
point towards the
LCD.
•Press the READ/⇑
keyandtheLCDwill
display a blinking
“SIP” (Sampling in
Process). The tur-
bidity value will ap-
pear after approxi-
mately 25 seconds.
OPERATIONALGUIDE
To prepare the instrument for taking
measurements, first install the batteries (see
BatteryReplacementsectiononpage17)and
then turn the instrument on.
To maximize the battery life the meter is
automatically switched off after 5 minutes of
non-use.Toreactivateit,simplypresstheON/
OFF key.
MEASUREMENTPROCEDURE
•Turn the meter on by
pressingtheON/OFF
key.
•The meter will carry
outaself-testdisplay-
ingafullsetoffigures.
Afterthetest,theLCD
willchangetothemea-
surementmode.
•When the LCD dis-
plays“----” themeter
is ready to measure.
•Fillacleancuvetteup
to one quarter inch
(0.5cm) from its rim
with the thoroughly
agitatedsample.
•Allow sufficient time for bubbles to escape
beforesecuringthecap.

1110
HOW TO ENSURE ACCURATE MEASURE-
MENTS
•Each time the cuvette is used, tighten the
cap to the same degree.
•Discardthesamplesoonafterthereadingis
takentoavoidpermanentlycloudingtheglass.
•Allglasswareusedtocontainthestandards
andthesamplesshouldbemaintainedclean,
washed with HI 93703-50 cleaning solution
and rinsed with HI 93703-0 or turbidity-free
water.
• Collectthesamplesincleanglassorplastic
bottles,fitstoppersandperformtheanalysis
quickly. Ifunavoidable, store thesample in
acool,darkplace,butnotforlongerthan24
hours(thesampleneedsto bekeptatroom
temperaturepriorto theanalysis).
• To obtain a representative sample, gently,
but thoroughly, mix it before samples are
taken.Donotshake(topreventairbubbles)
and do not let the sample settle.
• It is recommended to monthly calibrate the
meter with the supplied HI 93703-10 @10
FTU*standardormorefrequentlyforgreatest
accuracy.
•Before inserting vials
into the instrument,
wipe them with HI
93703-70 soft, lint-free
tissue. Handle vials so
that no fingerprints can
get on the areas
where light passes (ap-
proximately 2 cm/1
inch from the bottom
of the vial).
Ifyouexperienceanyproblemsintakingmea-
surements, please contact your dealer or the
nearestHannaInstrumentsCustomerService
Department. * 1 FTU = 1 NTU* 1 FTU = 1 NTU
• Even though HI93703 covers a very wide
range of turbidity values, for very accurate
measurements of samples exceeding
40FTU*, Standard Methods require dilu-
tion. In such cases, the correct amount of
HI 93703-0 or turbidity-free water to be
added to the sample can be calculated
as follows: Vos = 3000 / T
where: Vos = volume of sample (mL) to be
combined with HI 93703-0 to
obtain the final volume of 100
mL.
T = HI 93703 reading (exceeding
40FTU*)
E.g.:HI 93703 reading = 200 FTU *
3000 / 200 = 15 mL (Vos)
15 mL (Vos)+85 mL (HI 93703-0) = 100
mL
At this point, take a sample of this solution
andmeasureturbidity.
The correct turbidity value of the original
sample will be:
Tnx 100 mL / Vos = Ta
where: Tn=newHI 93703reading
Ta=actualturbidityvalueoftheoriginal
sample

1312
CALIBRATION
A monthly calibration is recommended. To
checkthedateoflastcalibration,simplyhold
the DATE/⇒key down for few seconds.
A more frequent check of the instrument is
suggestedbyusingthesuppliedstandardsolu-
tion.
CALIBRATIONPROCEDURE
•Turnthemeteronand
waitforthedisplayto
show"----".
•Press the CAL key
once,the"CAL"mes-
sage will blink on the
display for about 6
seconds, then the
calibration mode
stops.
•Whilethe"CAL"mes-
sage is still blinking,
pressCALagain.The
instrument is now in
the calibration mode
and a "CL" will ap-
pearonthelowerpart
of the display. The
dateofcalibrationcan
be editednowbysim-
ply pressing the
DATE/⇒key. To
scroll to the correct
number press the
READ/⇑key.Thede-
fault blinking param-
eter is the month, on
the left hand of the
display(MM.DD).
SOURCESOFINTERFERENCE
•Presenceoffloatingdebrisandcoarsesedi-
mentswhichsettleoutrapidlywill givefalse
readings.
•The infrared light source used for HI 93703
turbiditymeter,accordingtoISO7027Inter-
nationalStandard, caneffectively minimize
errorsduetocoloreddissolvedsubstances.
Thiseffect,named"truecolor",isacommon
interferenceformostcommerciallyavailable
instrumentsoperatingintherangeofvisible
light.
•Air bubbles and the effect of vibrations that
disturb the surface of the sample will give
false results.
•Dirty glassware could also affect readings
along with scratched or edged vials.

1514
•Insertthecuvettewith
the HI 93703-10
AMCO-AEPA-1 stan-
dard @10 FTU* into
themeasurementcell
andpresstheCALkey
again.
•Afterthesecondcali-
bration point (10.00
FTU*) has been ac-
cepted,themeterwill
display“500”,asking
forthe500FTU*solu-
tion to be placed in
thecuvetholder.
Note: At this point the user can exit the
calibration mode and save the two-point
calibration by pressing READ.
Toperformathree-pointcalibration,placethe
500FTU*standardsolutioninthecuvetholder.
•PressCAL:“SIP”and
“CL” will start blink-
ing.
•After approximately
30 seconds, the dis-
play will show "----".
Nowthemeteriscalibratedandreadyforuse.
Note: If "ERR1" is displayed, the calibration
dataaremaintained
•To confirm the dis-
played data values
and to go to the next
step, press the CAL
key once. A blinking
"ZERO"messagewill
appear.
•Take the HI 93703-0
bottle containing the
ZEROFTU*Standard
(or turbidity-freedilu-
tionwater)andfillthe
measurement cu-
vette.
Note: Inorder tominimize anyerror intro-
duced by the cuvette, it is recommended
to use, during calibration, the same cu-
vette you are going to use to perform the
measurement.
•Insertthecuvettewith
the HI 93703-0 @
ZEROFTU*standard
solution(orturbidity-
free dilution water)
intothemeasurement
cell and press the
CAL key. A blinking
"SIP" message indi-
catesthat theinstru-
ment is performing
themeasurement.Af-
terapproximately50
seconds the instru-
ment will ask for the
HI93703-10standard
solution @10 FTU*
by displaying"10.0".
•RepeatthesameprocedurewithHI93703-
10@10FTU*standardsolution.
sip
cl
500
cl
*1FTU =1NTU

1716
STANDARD SUSPENSION
Presently, there are only two recognized pri-
marystandards:AMCO-AEPA-1andformazine.
HANNAinstrumentssuppliesHI93703withthe
AMCO-AEPA-1whichhasamuchlongershelf
life at all concentrations (approximately six
months,iffreefromcontamination).Inaddition,
nospecialhandlingordisposalisrequiredand
a much higher stability of suspended particles
hasbeenobserved.
On the other hand, formazine is a very toxic
substance,generatedbyaknowncarcinogen,
its stability is poor (particles flocculate and
settle quickly). Lower concentrations change
value within a few days or hours after dilution
from stock solutions.
TheconsistencyofHI93703readingsbyusing
both standards has been separately estab-
lished by Advanced Polymer Systems and
HANNAinstruments.
Additionaldocumentationabouttheformazine
standardandmorecomplexcalibrationproce-
duresisavailableuponrequest.
VIEWINGTHECALIBRATIONDATE
•Turnthemeteronand
wait for the display to
show"----".
•Press and hold the
DATE/⇒key and a
"MM.DD" message
appearswhilethekey
is held.
Note: The displayed date is the date that was
inputby the userat thebeginning ofthe
last calibration.
HOW TO ENSURE ACCURATE CALIBRA-
TION
Theinstructionslistedbelowshouldbecarefully
followedduringtestingandduringcalibration:
•All glassware that comes into contact with
standardsshouldbemaintainedclean.Wash
withHI93703-50cleaningsolutionandrinse
withHI 93703-0 orturbidityfreewater.
•Rinse the vial twice with 5 ml of the liquid to
be tested. This removes the effect of any
previousliquidandanydustorforeignmatter
that may be present inside. Gently pour the
liquid down the side of the vial to reduce air
bubbles(nomixingisrequiredwhenHI 93703-
0 and HI 93703-10 AMCO-AEPA-1 stan-
dardsareused).
•Beforeinsertingthevial
into the instrument,
wipe it with HI 93703-
70soft,lint-freetissue.
Handlevialssothatno
fingerprintscangeton
the areas where light
passes(approx.2 cm/
1'' from the bottom of
thevial).

1918
Battery replacement must only take place in a
safeareaandusingthebatterytypesspecified
in this instruction manual.
To install or replace the
batteries, turn the unit off
andunscrew the 2screws
located on the back of the
meter.
Removethe batterycover
andinsertthenewbatteries
in the compartment while
paying attention to the po-
larity.
After the batteries have
been installed, close the
battery cover and tighten
the 2 screws.
BATTERYREPLACEMENT
All components have been selected to mini-
mizecurrentdrainwithoutcompromisingfunc-
tionality.
In order to minimize the battery consumption,
themeterisequippedwithanauto-offfunction
whichswitchesthemeteroffafter5minutesof
non-use.
Thepowersourceare4alkalinebatteries(1.5V
AA) with an expected life of 60 hours, or 900
measurements.
To always grant accurate measurements, the
batteriesaremonitoredtoensurethatreadings
arenot takenwhenthere isinsufficientpower.
A"LOBAT"indicationwillappearonthelower
rightcornerofthedisplaywhenthebatteriesare
weakandrequirereplacement.Theinstrument
canstillperform approx.50measurements.
A "-BA-" indication will appear on the display
when the batteries are too weak to perform
reliablemeasurements.Themessageappears
for a few seconds, and then the meter will
automatically switch off. Batteries must be
immediatelyreplaced.