Hanna Instruments HI 96822 User manual

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Instruction Manual
www.hannainst.com
HI 96822
Seawater
Refractometer

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All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the
written consent of the copyright owner, Hanna Instruments Inc., Woonsocket, Rhode
Island, 02895, USA.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Remove the instrument from the packing materials and examine
carefully to ensure no damage has occurred during shipping. If
any damage has occurred, notify your Dealer or closest Hanna
Customer Service Center.
Each HI 96822 instrument is supplied with:
• 9 V battery
• Instruction manual
Note:Save all packing material until you are sure that the
instrument functions correctly. A defective instrument
must be returned in its original packing.
Dear Customer,
Thank you for choosing a Hanna Instruments product.
Please read this instruction manual carefully before using this instrument.
This manual will provide you with the necessary information for correct
use of this instrument, as well as a precise idea of its versatility.
If you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail
us at [email protected] or view our worldwide contact list at
www.hannainst.com.
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION .................................................... 2
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................ 3
SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................ 3
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION ....................................................... 4
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ....................................................... 5
DISPLAY ELEMENTS .................................................................. 6
MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES ..................................................... 6
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE ....................................................... 7
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE ..................................................... 8
TO CHANGE MEASUREMENT UNIT ............................................. 9
TO CHANGE TEMPERATURE UNIT .............................................. 9
MAKING A STANDARD SOLUTION ............................................. 9
BATTERY REPLACEMENT ......................................................... 10
WARRANTY.............................................................................. 10
ERROR MESSAGES ................................................................... 11

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The HI 96822 Digital Refractometer is a rugged portable, water
resistant device that utilizes the measurement of refractive index
to determine the salinity of natural and artificial seawater, ocean
water or brackish intermediates.
The HI 96822 device benefits from Hanna’s years of experience
as a manufacturer of analytical instruments. The digital refractometer
eliminates the uncertainty associated with mechanical refractometers
and is easily portable for ship, shore or home use.
The HI 96822 refractometer is an optical device that is simple
and quick to use. Samples are measured after a simple user
calibration with distilled or deionized water. Within seconds, the
refractive index and temperature are measured and converted into
one of 3 popular measurement units; Practical Salinity Units
(PSU), Salinity in parts per thousand (ppt), or Specific Gravity
(S.G. (20/20)). All conversion algorithms are based upon
respected scientific publications using the physical properties of
seawater (not sodium chloride). The temperature (in °C or °F) is
also displayed on the large dual level display along with helpful
message codes.
Key features include:
•IP65 waterproof protection
•Automatic Temperature Compensation (ATC)
•Battery operation with Low Power indicator (BEPS)
•Automatically turns off after 3 minutes of non-use
SPECIFICATIONS
Temperature Compensation: Automatic between 0 and 40 °C (32 - 104 °F)
Measurement Time: Approximately 1.5 seconds
Minimum Sample Volume: 100 µL (cover prism totally)
Light Source: Yellow LED
Sample Cell: Stainless Steel ring and flint glass prism
Case Material: ABS
Enclosure Rating: IP 65
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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Salinity determinations are made by measuring the refractive index of
seawater. Refractive Index is an optical characteristic of a substance and
the number of dissolved particles in it. Refractive Index is defined as the
ratio of the speed of light in empty space to the speed of light in the
substance. A result of this property is that light will “bend”, or change
direction,whenittravelsthroughasubstanceofdifferentrefractiveindex.
This is called refraction.
When passing from a material with a higher to lower refractive index,
there is a critical angle at which an incoming beam of light can no longer
refract, but will instead be reflected off the interface.
The critical angle can be used to easily calculate the refractive index
according to the equation:
sin (θcritical) = n2/ n1
Where n2is the refractive index of the lower-density medium; n1is the
refractive index of the higher-density medium.
IntheHI 96822 refractometer, light from an LED passesthroughaprism
incontact withthesample. Animagesensor determinesthecritical angle
at which the light is no longer refracted through the sample.
Specialized algorithms then apply temperature compensation to the
measurement and convert the refractive index to: PSU (Practical Salinity
Battery Type / Life: 1 X 9V / 5000 readings
Auto-Off: After 3 minutes of non-use
Dimensions: 19.2(W) x 10.2(D) x 6.7(H) cm
Mass: 420 g

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9. Battery Cover
10. Battery Compartment
TOP VIEW
BOTTOM
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Units), ppt (part per thousand) or S.G. (Specific Gravity) (20/20).
PSU is defined as the conductivity ratio of seawater to a standard KCl
solution.ItisbasedupontheworkoftheUNESCO,ICES,SCORandIAPSO.
This information is published in The Joint Panel of Oceanographic Tables
and Standards. An older salinity scale is ppt (10-3), where salinity is
definedby“thesaltcontentistheweightoftheinorganicsaltscontained
in1kgofseawaterifallbromideandiodidearereplacedbyanequivalent
amount of oxides” (Knudsen, 1901). Specific Gravity (20/20) is based
upon the published relationship between density at 20 °C and the mass
ofdissolvedsaltsintheseawatersample(CRCHandbookofChemistryand
Physics, 87th Edition).
1. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
2. Secondary Display
3. Primary Display
4. READ Key (User Measurement)
5. ZERO Key (User Calibration)
6. RANGE Key (User Measurement Unit)
7. ON/OFF
8. Stainless Steel Sample Well and Prism

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DISPLAY ELEMENTS
MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES
•Handle instrument carefully. Do not drop.
•Do not immerse instrument under water.
•Donotspraywatertoanypart of instrument except the “sample well”
located over the prism.
•The instrument is intended to measure seawater solutions. Do not
exposeinstrumentorprismtosolventsthatwilldamageit.Thisincludes
most organic solvents and extremely hot or cold solutions.
•Particulate matter in a sample may scratch the prism. Absorb sample
withasofttissueandrinsesamplewellwithdeionizedordistilledwater
between samples.
•Use plastic pipettes to transfer all solutions. Do not use metallic tools
such as needles, spoons or tweezers as these will scratch the prism.
•Cover sample well with hand if measuring in direct sun.
•Toreducetheeffectsofevaporationorabsorptionofwaterwhentaking
readings over a period of time, the prism and sample well can be
covered with plastic wrap.
1. Battery (blinks when low battery condition detected)
2. Primary Display (displays measurement and error messages)
3. Measurement in Progress Tag
4. SETUP: Factory Calibration Tag
5. CAL: Calibration Tag
6. Measurement Unit
7. Automatic Temperature Compensation
(blinks when temperature exceeds 0-40 °C / 32-104 °F range)
8. Temperature Units
9. Secondary Display (displays temperature measurements; when
blinking, temperature has exceeded operation range: 0-80 °C / 32-
176 °F)

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CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
Calibration should be performed daily, before measurements are
made, when the battery has been replaced, between a long series of
measurements, or if environmental changes have occurred since the
last calibration.
1. Press the ON/OFF key, then release. Two instrument test screens
will be displayed briefly; all LCD segmentsfollowed by the percentage
of remaining battery life. The meter will briefly display an
indication of the measurement units set. When LCD displays
dashes, the instrument is ready.
2. Using plastic pipettes, fill the sample well with distilled or
deionized water. Make sure the prism is completely covered.
Note:If the ZERO sample is subject to intense light such as sunlight
or another strong source, cover the sample well with your hand
or other shade during the calibration.
3. Press the ZERO key. If no error messages appear, your unit is
calibrated. (For a description of ERROR MESSAGES see page 11).
Note:The 0 screen will remain until a sample is measured or the
power is turned off.
4. Gently absorb the ZERO water standard with a soft tissue. Use
care not to scratch the prism surface. Dry
the surface completely. The instrument is
ready for sample measurement.
Note:If the instrument is turned off the
calibration will not be lost.

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MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
Verify the instrument has been calibrated before taking measurements.
1. Wipe off prism surface located at the bottom of the sample well.
Make sure the prism and sample well are completely dry.
2. Using a plastic pipette, drip sample onto the prism surface. Fill
the well completely.
Note:If the temperature of the sample differs significantly from the
temperature of the instrument, wait approximately 1 minute
to allow thermal equilibration.
3. Press the READ key. The results are displayed in unit of interest.
Note:The last measurement value will be displayed until the next
sample is measured or the instrument is turned off. Temperature
will be continuously updated.
Note:The ATC tag blinks and automatic temperature compensation
is disabled if the temperature exceeds the 0-40 °C / 32-104 °F
range.
4. Remove sample from the sample well by absorbing on a soft
tissue.
5. Using a plastic pipette, rinse prism and sample well with distilled
or deionized water. Wipe dry. The instrument is ready for the
next sample.

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°C or °F
8seconds
TO CHANGE TEMPERATURE UNIT
To change the temperature measurement unit from Celsius to Fahrenheit
(or vice versa), follow this procedure.
1. Press and hold the ON/OFF key continuously for approximately
8 seconds. The LCD will display the “all segment” screen followed
by a screen with the model number on the primary display and
the version number on the secondary display. Continue pressing
the ON/OFF key.
2. While continuing to hold the ON/OFF key, press the ZERO key.
The temperature unit will change from °C to °F or vice versa.
TO CHANGE MEASUREMENT UNIT
Press the RANGE key to select the measurement unit. The instrument
toggles between the three measurement scales each time the key is
pressed and the primary display indicates “PSU”, “PPt” and “S.G.”.
When the instrument displays the screen with 4 dashes, the instrument
is ready for measurement.
MAKING A STANDARD SOLUTION
SodiumChloridesolutionscanbeusedtocheck theaccuracyofthe meter.
The table below lists two Sodium Chloride solutions and their expected
ppt Seawater value.
TomakeaStandardNaClSolution(g/100g),followtheprocedurebelow:
•Place container (such as a glass vial or dropper bottle that has a
cover) on an analytical balance.

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WARRANTY
HI 96822 is guaranteed for two years against defects in workmanship
and materials when used for their intended purpose and maintained
according to instructions.
This warranty is limited to repair or replacement free of charge.
Damage due to accidents, misuse, tampering or lack of prescribed
maintenance is not covered.
If service is required, contact the dealer from whom you purchased the
instrument. If under warranty, report the model number, date of
purchase, serial number and the nature of the problem. If the repair
is not covered by the warranty, you will be notified of the charges
incurred. If the instrument is to be returned to Hanna Instruments,
first obtain a Returned Goods Authorization number from the Technical
Service department and then send it with shipping costs prepaid.
When shipping any instrument, make sure it is properly packed for
complete protection.
To validate your warranty, fill out and return the enclosed warranty
card within 14 days from the date of purchase.
•Tare the balance.
•To make an X NaCl solution weigh out X grams of high purity dried
SodiumChloride(CAS#:7647-14-5:MW58.44)directlyintothe
container.
•Add distilled or deionized water to the container so the total weight
of the solution is 100 g.
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BATTERY REPLACEMENT
To replace the instrument’s battery, follow these steps:
•Make sure the instrument is off.
•Turn instrument upside down and remove the battery cover by
turning it counterclockwise.
•Extract the battery from its location.
•Replace with a new 9V battery making
sure to observe polarity.
•Insert the back battery cover and
fasten it by turning clockwise to engage.