61
19.2 Degasification Phase
At temperatures between 100°C and 150°C, the contents of
the wood start - slowly at first – to disintegrate and gasify and
the wood begins its thermal decomposition. At tempera-
tures above 150°C, the gas development accelerates. The
proportion of volatile components makes up around 80%
of the wood substance. The actual combustion begins at a
temperature of about 225°C (ignition temperature) with the
ignition of the resultant gases and the release of heat. There
must be an adequate supply of oxygen available for this
purpose. The peak of the combustion process is reached at
approx. 300°C. The reaction process is now so rapid that the
largest amount of heat is released at this point; flames can
reach temperatures of up to 1100°C.
19.3 Burn-off Phase
Glowing charcoal embers remain after the volatile compon-
ents have been burned off. These burn slowly, almost without
flames, at a temperature of approx. 800°C.
Crucial to a clean and efficient combustion process is a
complete as possible chemical
reaction of the wood gases with the oxygen in the combustion
air. In your Hase stove, the combustion air is pre-heated and
guided into the fire box via wide air inlet openings, so that at
high temperatures, there is a good, thorough mixing of the
gases with the air. An important variable in any combustion
phase is the amount of combustion air. Too little air leads
to an oxygen deficiency and incomplete combustion, while
too much air reduces the fire box temperature and thus the
efficiency. Incomplete combustion can generate air pollutants
such as dust, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons.
Degasification
Drying
Burn-off
fig. 11
19.4 Expansion Noises
Steel expands upon heating and contracts as it cools.These
movements occur during the warming up and cooling down
phases, as well as when adding fuel. They can cause your
stove to emit audible expansion sounds. However, the design
and construction of your stove takes this into account and
prevents this physical process from damaging the stove.
20. The Chemistry of Wood
Wood predominantly consists of the elements carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen. It contains virtually no environmental-
ly hazardous substances such as sulphur, chloride and heavy
metals. As a result, complete wood combustion produces
mainly carbon dioxide and water vapour as the primary
gaseous products as well as a small quantity of wood ash as
the solid combustion residue. On the other hand, incomplete
combustion can generate a number of pollutant substances,
such as carbon monoxide, acetic acid, phenols, methanol,
formaldehyde, soot, and tar.
21. Contribution to Environmental Protection
Whether your Merida burns in an environmentally-friendly
or environmentally hazardous manner depends to a large
extent on how you operate it and the type of fuel you use (see
Section 9, „The Right Fuel“).
Therefore, use only dry wood; hardwoods such as birch and
beech are most suitable.
Only use small pieces of wood to light the fire. They burn
faster than large logs and as a result, the temperature required
for complete combustion is reached more quickly.
For continuous heating, adding smaller quantities of wood
more frequently is more efficient and more ecological.
22. Evaluating the Combustion Quality
The following characteristics can help you easily evaluate the
quality of the combustion:
– Colour and composition of the ash
If the combustion process is clean and efficient, the
result is a fine white ash. Dark colouration indicates that
the ash contains charcoal residue; in this case, the burn-
off phase was incomplete.
– The colour of the flue gases emitted at the chimney pot
Here, the following applies: the more invisible the flue
gases exiting the chimney, the better the combustion
quality.
During the transitional seasons (spring/autumn), outdoor
temperatures above 16°C can impair the chimney draught. If
a draught cannot be created at these temperatures by rapidly
burning paper or thin wood shavings (quick fire), you should
refrain from lighting the stove.