HP 403A Service manual

403A
AC VOLTMETER
:
J
Ps
4
OPERATING AND SERVICE MANUAL
PS HEWLETT[PACKARD

HEWLETTYW)PACKARD
CERTIFICATION
The Hewlett-Packard Company certifies that this instrument was
thoroughly tested and inspected and found to meet its published
specifications when it was shipped from the factory. The Hewlett‑
PackardCompany further certifiesthat itscalibrationmeasurements
are traceable to the U.S.NationalBureauof Standards to the extent
allowed by theBureau’scalibration facility.
WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE
a
AllHewlett-Packard products are warranted against defects in
materialsandworkmanship. This warranty applies for one year from
the dateof delivery,or,in the case of certainmajorcomponents listed
in the operating manual, for the specified period. We will repair or
replace products which prove to be defective during the warranty
period. No other warranty is expressed or implied. We are notliable
for consequential damages.
Forany assistance contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and
Service Office. Addresses areprovided at the back of this manual.

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Section I
Range:
.001 to 300 volts rms full scale (12 ranges) ina
1, 3, 10 sequence.
Frequency Range:
1cycle per second to 1mc.
sModel 403A
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Figure 1-1. Model 403A AC Voltmeter
Table 1-1. Specifications )
Maximum Input:
0.3 to 300 volt ranges: 600 volts peak.
0.001 to .1 volt range: 25 volts rms, 600 volts
peak.
Fuse preventsdamageto input if greater than 25
volts rmsis appliedon 0.001to .1 volt ranges. ‑
Accuracy:
Within +3% of full scale value, 5cps to 500 kc.
Within +5% of full scale value, 1to 5cps and
500 ke to 1mc.
Meter responds to average value of input wave‑
form and is calibrated in the rms value of a
sinewave.
1-0
Power Supply:
5radio-type mercury batteries (furnished with
instrument). Battery life: approximately 400
hours. Replacement cells: Burgess HG 3,
MalloryRM-3R-316649, @#1420-0004 or equi‑
valent, 3required;andMalloryTR233R-316649,
dé#1420-0005 or equivalent, 2required.
Noise:
Less than 6%of full scale on .001volt range.
Less than 3%of full scale on all other ranges.
Dimensions:
8-1/4 in. wide, 5-1/2 in. high, 6-3/8 in. deep.
00125-2
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WLETT PACKARD :
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upper 2/3 of the meter scale. recovery time from overload. a
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Section II
3-19. WAVEFORM ERRORS.
3-20. In orderto maintain accuracy of measurement,
you mustrememberthat this instrumentis an average
responding device, but the meter scale is calibrated
in terms of the rms voltage of apure sine wave. If
the waveform of the voltagebeing measured contains
appreciable harmonicvoltages or other spuriousvolt‑
ages, the meter indication will deviate from the true
rmsvalue on the order indicated by Table 3-1.
Table 3-1. Effect of Harmonics on Model403A
Voltage Measurements
Input Voltage True RMS |Value Indicated
Characteristics Value by 403A
Fundamental =100 100
Fundamental +10%
2nd harmonic 100
Fundamental +20%
2nd harmonic
Fundamental +50%
2nd harmonic
100 -102
100 -110
Fundamental +10%
3rd harmonic
Fundamental +20%
3rd harmonic
Fundamental +50%
3rd harmonic
96 -104
94 -108
90 -116
3-22. DECIBEL MEASUREMENTS.
3-23. Measurements intermsof decibels are made in
the sameway as voltage measurements except that the
indication is read on the dbscale (-12 to +2 decibels).
The decibel level is the algebraicsum of the meter db
scale indication and DB VOLTS (RANGE) position .
3-24, Toreadpowerdirectlyindbm(0dbm=1milliwatt
into 600 ohms) the measurement must be made across
600 ohms. Comparative dbmeasurements (without re‑
spect to reference level) may be obtained by direct
reading provided each measurement is made across
the same impedancevalue. The difference in decibels
between two or more measurements may be obtained
by reading directly from the db-scale indications.
(Forexamples of db measurements refer to Table 3-2).
3-25. IMPEDANCE CORRECTION GRAPH.
3-26. To obtainthe level in dbm with respect to im‑
pedances other than 600 ohms, the meter correction
graph shown in figure 3-2 may be used. The level in
dbmwill bethe algebraic sum of the levelas indicated
on the meter and the correction shown on the graph.
For example, if the rangeswitch is at the +30 db posi‑
tion, the measurement made across 90 ohms, and the
3-2
so. Model 403A
indication on the DB scale +1, the level in dbm is ob‑
tained as follows:
+ 1 (db scale indication)
+30 (range switch position)
+31 (level in db as indicated by meter)
+ 8 (correction for 90 ohms impedance)
+39 dbm =
3-27. For the same conditions, with the measure‑
ment made across 10,000 ohms:
+ 1 (db scale indication)
+30 (range switch position)
+31 (level in db as indicated by meter)
-12.5 (correctionfor10,000 ohms impedance)
+18.5 dbm
Table 3-2. Examples of Voltage and DB
Measurements
Range Meter Meter Actual
Switch Scale Indicates Level
Voltage Measurements:
*NOTE: In caseswhere ameter scale reading
below -8 db is obtained, it is best to switch
to the next lower range on the instrument so
areading will be obtained in the upper por‑
tion ofthe scale where highest accuracy may
be obtained.
The same situation exists for voltage meas‑
urements. When areading is obtained in the
lower 1/3 scale, the range switch should be
switched to the next lower range to obtain a
reading in the upper 2/3 scale.
3-30. SHUNT RESISTORS.
‘3-31. The @Model 11029A through Model 11034A
Shunt Resistors (Table 1-2) are available to convert
your Model 403A into acurrent measuring device.
These resistors make possible current readings of
from 1ampto 3amps full scale.
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Section IV
4-12. INTERMEDIATE ATTENUATOR. ,;
4-13. The output of Q2 is fed to the intermediatesec‑
tionof the rangeattenuator whichis simplyafrequency
compensated voltage divider that works with the pre‑
liminaryattenuator to providethe conventional 1, 3, 10
sequence for correct meter operation.
4-14. FIXED GAIN AMPLIFIER.
4-15. Refer to the schematic diagram(figure 5-15) in
the back of this manual.
4-16. Transistors Q3 through Q7make up the fixed
gain amplifier which is used to develop the necessary
current for full scale meter deflection and to provide
the meter circuit with ahigh impedance source for
linear operation at all current levels.
4-17. The output of the range attenuator is fed to
difference amplifier Q3 and Q4, and compared with a
feedback signal from the meter circuit. This dif‑
ference signal is fed to Q5. Q5 and Q6 are conven‑
tional grounded emitter direct coupled amplifiers.
The direct coupled feature of the amplifier, neces‑
sary because of the extremelylow frequency (1 cycle)
response of the Model 403A, requires dc feedback for
bias stabilization. R34 through R39 make up the dc
feedback loop, which tends to minimize any tendency
for de drift due to ambient temperature change. The
bias level is set with R36.
4-18. The output of Q6 is fed to Q7, agrounded base
amplifier, which not only amplifies the signal, but
also provides ahigh output impedance for the meter
circuit. The meter source impedance is increased
even more by the use of negative current feedback
from the output of the meter rectifier bridge to the
base of Q4. R53 to R55AB, C27-28, and L3, correct
the phase of the feedback at high frequencies. The
403A uses positive voltage feedback to the base of Q3
to further increase the source impedance.
4-19. The necessity of high meter source impedance
can be explained by referringto figures 4-3 and 4-4.
4-20. In order to have correct voltmeter action, it
is necessarythat the change in meter current be pro‑
portional to achange in amplifier input voltage. The
load resistance, then, should remain constant. Note
fromfigure 4-3, however,that when Eg (and therefore
the diode voltage Eg) decreases, the diode resistance
Rg (and therefore the load resistance) increases, af‑
fecting meter linearity. Note in figure 4-4 that Rg
appears in series with Ro, the source impedance.
The effect on output current, of changes in diode re‑
sistance with voltage, can be minimized by feeding
the meter circuit from aconstant current or high
impedance source. In this way, changes of diode re‑
sistancewillhave anegligibleeffect onthetotalcurrent
passing through them and hence through the meter.
4-21, The effect of diode resistance change is fur‑
ther minimized by Q7 current through R41, which
impressesafixed 0.3 volt across both CR3 and CR4,
biasingthem close to their contact potential.
4-22. C17-18, C21-22 andC25-26 are switched in on
the 1CPS - 1MC functionto providethe long time con‑
stants necessary for 1cps response.
4-2
fe) 0.3 VOLTAGE INCREASING ‐‐‐‐‐‐>
DIODE VOLTAGE (Eq) RO
Figure 4-3. Diode Current Vs Diode Voltage
R30 R31
<‐‐POSITIVE VOLTAGE
FEEDBACK (MINOR)
Figure 4-4, FixedAmplifier Block Diagram
4-23. METER RECTIFIER CIRCUIT.
4-24. The meter rectifier circuit is arranged ina
bridge-type configuration, with acrystal diode and a
capacitor in each branchand adc microammeter con‑
nected across its midpoints. The current through the
meteris proportional to the average value of the input
voltage waveform. Since calibration of the meter in
rmsvolts is basedon the ratio that exists between the
average and effective values of asine-wave voltage,
deviation from atrue sine wave may cause meter
measurementstobein error. Table 3-1gives an indi‑
cation of the limits of possible errordue to the pres‑
ence of harmonics in the measuredvoltagewaveform.
4-25. The Model403A meter rectifier circuit opera‑
tion can best be explained by analyzing the circuit in
asimplified form. Figure4-5 shows avoltage source
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Section V
Figure 5-1
R44
(METERCAL
IOMV RANGE)
R47
(BAT.TEST CAL)
5-0
Figure 5-1. Model 403A Top View with Printed Cover Board Swung Out
and Range Switch Shield Removed
Model 403A
C4(30V 200KC)
C2(O«03V IMC)
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Section V , . Model 403A
Paragraphs 5-7 to 5-8
Figure 5-2. Model 403A Bottom View
5-7. ACCURACY TEST. d. Check the other ranges using the voltmeter
calibrator outputs andModel 403A indications
5-8. Avoltmeter calibrator (-hp- Model738BR Volt- listed in Table 5-2.
meter Calibrator) is requiredfor the accuracy test.
a. Connectvoltmeter calibrator outputto Model Table 5-2. Accuracy Tes t
403A input as shown in Figure 5-3.
VOLTMETER CALIBRATOR Voltmeter Calibrator Model 403A
hp738BR hp403A Output Indication
VOLTMETER (400 cps rms) (4 3% of full scale)
Figure 5-3. Accuracy Test
b. Set Model403A FUNCTION to 15 CPS-1 MC.
c. Set voltmeter calibrator output to 300 V,
400 cps rms. Model 403A should indicate
300 V+3% (Table 5-2).
5-2 00125-4

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