HP 436A Service manual

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Errata
Title & Document Type: 436A Power Meter Operating and Sevice Manual
Manual Part Number: 00436-90053
Revision Date: 1988-03-01
HP References in this Manual
This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that Hewlett-
Packard's former test and measurement, semiconductor products and chemical analysis
businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies. We have made no changes to this
manual copy. The HP XXXX referred to in this document is now the Agilent XXXX.
For example, model number HP8648A is now model number Agilent 8648A.
About this Manual
We’ve added this manual to the Agilent website in an effort to help you support your
product. This manual provides the best information we could find. It may be incomplete
or contain dated information, and the scan quality may not be ideal. If we find a better
copy in the future, we will add it to the Agilent website.
Support for Your Product
Agilent no longer sells or supports this product. You will find any other available
product information on the Agilent Test & Measurement website:
www.tm.agilent.com
Search for the model number of this product, and the resulting product page will guide
you to any available information. Our service centers may be able to perform calibration
if no repair parts are needed, but no other support from Agilent is available.
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POWER METER
HP Part No. 00436-90053
Edition
1 E0489
HP Binder Part No. 9282-1078
m
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CERTIFICATION
Hewlett-Packard Companycertifies thatthisproductmetitspublishedspecifications
at the time of shipment from the factory. Hewlett-Packardfurther certifies that its
calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Bureau of
Standards, to the extent allowed by the Bureau's calibration facility, and to the
calibration facilities of other International StandardsOrganization members.
WARRANTY
This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted against defects in material
andworkmanship fora period of oneyearfromdateof shipment.Duringthewarranty
period, Hewlett-Packard Companywill,atitsoption,eitherrepairorreplace products
which prove to be defective.
For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to
a service facility
designated by HP. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to HP and HP shall pay
shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all ship-
ping charges,.duties, andtaxes for products returned to HPfrom another country.
HP warrants that its software and firmware designated by HP for use with an
instrumentwillexecuteitsprogramminginstructionswhenproperly installedonthat
instrument.HPdoesnotwarrantthattheoperationoftheinstrument, orsoftware,or
firmware will be uninterrupted or error free.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
Theforegoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inade-
quate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software orinterfacing, unauthorized
modification or misuse,operation outside of theenvironmental specifications forthe
product, orimproper site preparation or maintenance.
NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. HP SPECIFICALLY
DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
EXCLUSIVEREMEDIES
THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE
REMEDIES. HP SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPE-
CIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED
ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.
ASSISTANCE
Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are
available for Hewlett-Packard products.
For anyassistance, contact your nearest Hewlett-PackardSalesandService Office.
Addresses areprovided atthe back of this manuai.
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POWER METER
(Includin~Options 003,004 and 0221
SERIAL NUMBERS
This manual applies directly to instruments
with serialnumbersprefixed
2410A and 2410U.
With changes described in Section VII, this
manual also applies to instruments with serial
numbersprefixed:
1447A, 1448A, 1451A, 1501A, 1503A, 1504A,
1505A, 1538A, 1550A, 1606A, 1611A, 1629A,
1713A, 1725A, 1746A, 1803A, 1908A, 1911A,
19178, 1918A, 1930A, 2008A, 2016A, 2101A,
2236A, 2330A,2347A
and 2347U.
For additionalimportantinformationaboutserial
numbers, see INSTRUMENTS
COVERED BY
MANUAL in Section I.
@ Copyright HEWLETT-PACKARDCOMPANY1975,1977,1980,1984,1988
1501 PAGE MILL ROAD, PAL0 ALTO, CALIFORNIA,U.S.A.
MANUALPART NO. 00436-90053
Edition1 E0489
HP Binder Part No. 9282-1078
Microfiche
Part No. 00436-90054
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Herstellerbescheinigung
Hiermit wird bescheinigt, dass dieses GeratISys-
tem in bereinstirnmung mit den Bestimmungen
von Postverfiigung 1046/84 funkenstkt
ist.
Der Deutschen Bundespost wurde das Inverkehr-
bringen dieses Geriites/Systems angezeigt und die
Berechtigung zur berp~ngder Serie auf Ein-
haltung der Bestimmungen eingerkmt.
Zusatzinformation
fiir Mess-und Testgeriite:
Werden Mess- und Testgeriite mit ungeschirmten
Kabeln und/oder in offenen Messaufbauten ver-
wendet, so
ist vom Betreiber sicherzustellen, dass
die
Funk-Entst6rbestimmungen unter Betriebs-
bedingungen an seiner Grundstiicksgrenze ein-
gehalten werden.
Manufacturer's Declaration
This is to certifythatthis product meets theradio
frequency interference requirements of Directive
FTZ 1046/1984.TheGermanBundespost hasbeen
notified that
this equipment was put into circula-
tion and has been granted the right to check the
product type for compliance with these require-
ments.
Note: If test and measurement equipment
is oper-
ated with unshielded cables and/or used for meas-
urementsonopenset-ups,theusermustensurethat
under these operating conditions, the radio
fre-
quency interference limits are met at the border
of
his premises.
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Model 436A Contents
CONTENTS
Section Page Section Page
I GENERALINFORMATION ............... 1.1 3.52 . Sending theRequired ServiceMessage .... 3.23
1.1 . Introduction ................................ 1.1 3.54 . SendingtheStatusByte Message ......... 3.23
1.6
. Specifications ............................... 1.1 3.56 . SendingtheStatusBit Message .......... 3.23
1.8
. Instruments Coveredby Manual ............. 1.1
3.58 . ReceivingtheAbort Message ............. 3.23
1.14
. Description ................................ -1-1
3.60 .
Test of HP-IBOperation .................. 3.23
..................................... 1.18 . Options 1.3 3.62
. Power MeasurementAccuracy .............. 3.23
1.19
. Input-OutputOptions .................... 1-3 3.64 . Sourcesof Error andMeasurement
.............................. 1.22 . Remote Control Options ................... 1.3 Uncertainty 3-30
.......................
1.25 . Accessories Supplied -1-4 3.70 . Correctionsfor Error ..................... 3-30
1.27
. Equipment Requiredbut not Supplied ........ 1.4 3.75 .
CalculatingTotal Uncertainty ............ 3.30
1.29
. Equipment Available ........................ 1-4
1.33
. RecommendedTest Equipment .............. 14 IV PERFORMANCE TESTS
.................. -4-1
.......................
1.35 . Safety Considerations 1.4 4.1 . Introduction ............................... -4-1
........................
.
4.3 Equipment Required 4.1
I1 INSTALLATION ........................... 2.1 .................................
.
4.5 Test Record 4.1
2.1
. Introduction ................................ 2.1
......................... .
4.7 PerformanceTests -4-1
2.3
. Initial Inspection ........................... 2.1
.........................
.
4.10 Zero Carryover Test 4.2
......................... 2.5 . Preparation for Use 2.1 4.11 . Instrument AccuracyTest 4.3
...................
2.6 .
Power Requirements ...................... 2.1 4.12
. Calibration Factor Test .....................
4.6
8 heV01-e andFuse Selection
........... 2-1 4.13
. PowerReferenceLevel Test .................. 4.7
..............................
2.10 . PowerCable -2-2
...........................
2.12 . Address Selection 2.2
...........................
2.13 . Circuit Options 2.2
..........................
2.15 . Interconnections 2.2
........................
2.18 . Mating Connectors 2.3
...................
2.21 . Operating Environment 2.3
..........................
2.23 . Bench Operation 2.3
......... .................
2.25 . Rack Mounting ; 2.3
.......................
2.28 . Storageand Shipment 2.3
.............................
2.29 . Environment 2.3
................................
2.31 . Packaging 2.3
...............................
I11 OPERATION 3.1
................................
3.1 . Introduction 3-1
..............................
3.4 . Panel Features 3.1
....................
3.6 . Operator's Maintenance -3-1
............................
3-8 . Operator's Checks 3.1
................
3.10 . Local Operating Instructions 3.1
3.12
. Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus Remote
V ADJUSTMENTS ........................... 51
5.1 . Introduction ................................ 51
.......................
. 5.4 Safety Considerations 5.1
........................
. 510 Equipment Required 51
5.12 . Factory SelectedComponents ............... 5.1
514
. Adjustment Locations ....................... 5.1
5.16
. DC OffsetAdjustment ....................... 53
517 . Auto Zero OffsetAdjustment ................ 53
5.18
. SpikeBalanceAdjustment .................. 54
5.19
. Multivibrator Adjustment ................... 5-6
520
. A-D Converter andLinear Meter
................................ Adjustment 57
521
. PowerReferenceOscillatorFrequency
Adjustment
................................ 5.8
522
. Power ReferenceOscillatorLevel
Adjustment
............................... 5.10
5.23
. Power SupplyAdjustments ................. 5.13
.................................
Operation 3-14
Compatibility 3.14 VI
............................
...........................
DataMessages 3-14
ReceivingData Messages 3.14
6-3 .
................
SendingDataMessagesfromthePower 6.5
.
Meter 3.18 6-7
.
...................................
Receiving theTrigger Message 3.23 6-10
.
...........
Receiving the Clear Message 3.23 6-12
.
.............
...........
Receivingthe RemoteMessage 3.23
.............
Receivingthe LocalMessage 3-23 VII
ReceivingtheLocal Lockout and 7.1
.
.......
Clear Lockout SetLocalMessages 3.23 7.3 .
...... .
ReceivingthePass ControlMessage 3.23 7.6
REPLACEABLEPARTS
.................... 6.1
Introduction
................................ 6.1
............................... Abbreviations 6-1
ReplaceablePartsList ...................... 6.1
OrderingInformation
....................... 6.1
PartsProvisioning
.......................... 6.1
Direct Mail Order System
................... 6.1
MANUAL CHANGES ...................... 7.1
Introduction
................................ 7.1
Manual Changes
............................ 7.1
................
Manual Change Instructions 73
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Contents
CONTENTS (cont'd)
Model 436A
Section Page
VIII SERVICE
.................................. 8.1
8.1
. Introduction ............................... 8.1
8.3
. Safety Considerations ...................... 8.1
8.9
. Recommended Test Equipment ............. 8.5
8.11
. ServiceAids ............................... 8.5
8.16
. Repair ..................................... 8.5
8.17
. Factory Selected Components ............. 8.5
8.19
. Disassembly andReassembly
Procedures
.............................. 8.5
8.24
. Basic Circuit Descriptions .................. 8.7
8.25
. Linear Integrated Circuits ................ 8.7
Section Page
8.30
. Digital Integrated Circuits and Symbols . . 8.7
8.55
. Troubleshooting ......................... 8.16
8.59 . Standard Instrument Checkout .......... 8.16
8.64
. HP-IBInstrument Checkout ............. 8.69
8.70
. Block Diagram Circuit Descriptions ....... 8.117
8.71
. Service Sheet 1 ......................... 8.117
8.75
. Service Sheet 2 ......................... 8.118
8.87
. Service Sheet 3 ......................... 8.122
8.114
. Service Sheet 4 ......................... 8.144
8.117
. Command Mode Operation ............. 8.144
8.130
. DataMode Operation .................. 8.147
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
HPModel 436A Power Meter and
AccessoriesSupplied
....................... 1.0
LineVoltage andFuse Selection
............. 2.1
Power Cable andMainsPlugPart
Numbers
................................... 2.2
Hewlett-Packard Interace Bus Connection
... 2.5
Frontand Rear Panel Controls.
Connectors andIndicators
................. 3.2
Operator's Checks
........................... 3.6
Operating Instructions
..................... 3.11
Power Meter Response Curve (Settling
Time for Analog Circuits)
................. 3.20
Measurement Timing Flow Chart(Settling
Time for Digital Circuitry)
................. 3.21
Operating Program Simplified
Flow Chart
.............................. -3-22
........
Test of HP-IBOperation Flowchart -3-24
436A QuickProgramming Guide
........... -3-25
.... Calculating Measurement Uncertainties 3.32
3.10
. TheEffect of Power SensorMismatch
on Measurement Accuracy
................ 3.34
3.11
. Calculating Measurement Uncertainty
................
(UncertaintyindB Known) 3.35
Zero Carryover Test Setup
................... 4.2
Instrument Accuracy Test Setup
............. 4.4
Calibration Factor Test Setup
............... 4.6
Power Reference LevelTest Setup
............ 4.8
DC Offset Adjustment Setup
................ -5-3
Auto Zero OffsetAdjustment Setup
.......... 5.4
SpikeBalanceAdjustment Setup
............ 5.5
Multivibrator Adjustment Setup
............. 5.6
A-D Converter andLinear Meter
Adjustment Setup
.......................... 5.7
Figure Page
Power ReferenceOscillator Frequency
Adjustment Setup
.......................... 54
Power ReferenceOscillator Level
Adjustment Setup
......................... 5.10
CabinetParts
.............................. 6.19
Schematic Diagram Notes
................... 8.2
Front Panel Removal
........................ 8.6
OperationalAmplifier Functional Circuits
... 8.8
Dual D-TypeFlip-Flop
....................... 8.9
Four-BitBistable Latch
..................... 8.9
Dual J-KMaster/Slave Flip-FlopandGate
PulseTiming
............................. 8.10
..........
Dual J-K EdgeTriggered Flip-Flop 8.10
Programmable Counters
................... 8.11
3-Line
to 8-Line Decoder .................... 8.12
8.10
. 8-InputData Selector (Multiplexer) ......... 8.13
8.11
. LED Display Driver ........................ 8.14
8.12
. Numeric Display ........................... 8.15
8.13
. MOS andTTLROMs ...................... 8-15
8.14
. Power Meter Operating Cycle ............... 8-17
8.15
. Operating Program Flow Chart ............ 8.25
8.16
. HP-IBVerification Program
(HP 9830A Calculator)
.................... 8.70
8.17
. HP-IBVerification Program
(HP 9820A Calculator) .................... 8.95
8.18
. Analog-to-DigitalConverter Simplified
Diagram andWaveforms
................. 8.120
8.19
. HP-IBListen HandshakeTiming .......... 8.145
8.20
. Data Valid StatusGenerator Timing ...... 8.154
8.21
. Overall Block Diagram .................... 8.159
8.22
. AC Gain,A-D Converter and Display
Circuits Block Diagram
................. -8-161
... . 8.23 Controller and Counters Block Diagram 8.163
8.24
. HP-IB(Opt . 022) CircuitBlock Diagram ... 8.165
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Model 436A
Contents
jm Figure
ILLUSTRATIONS (cont'd)
Page Figure Page
8-26
AlAl Display Assembly Component
Locations
............................... 8.169
8.27
. A1A2 Pushbutton Assembly Component
Locations
............................... 8.169
8.28
. Front Panel Assembly Schematic
Diagram
................................ 8.169
8.29
. A2 AC GainAssembly Component,Test
........ Point, andAdjustment Locations 8.171
...
8.30 . AC GainAssembly SchematicDiagram 8.171
8.31
. A1A3CALFACTOR % Switch
....... Assembly Component Locations -8-173
8.32
. A3A-D Converter Assembly
Components, Test Point, and
................... Adjustment Locations 8.173
8.33 .A-D ConverterAssembly Schematic
Diagram
................................ 8.173
8.34
. A4 Counter Relative Assembly ....
Component andTestPoint Locations 8.175
8.35 .Counter Relative Assembly Schematic
Diagram
................................ 8.175
8.36 .A5 Controller Assembly Component
................ andTest PointLocations 8-177
8.37
. ControllerAssembly Schematic
Diagram
...............................
8.38 . A6 HP-IB(Option 022)ControlAssembly
Component andTest PointLocations
.... 8.178
8.39 . HP-IB(Option022) Control Assembly
..................... Schematic Diagram 8.179
8-40
. A7 HP-IB(Option 022)Input/Output
Assembly Component and
.................... TestPoint Locations 8.181
8.41
. HP-IB(Option022)Input/Output
Assembly SchematicDiagram
........... 8.181
8.44
. A8 Power Reference Oscillator Assembly
Component, TestPoint, and
AdjustmentLocations
................... 8.187
8.45 .Power Reference Oscillator Assembly
Schematic Diagram
.................... -8-187
8.46 .
A9 Power Supply Rectifier andRegulator
Assembly Component and
TestPoint Locations
.................... 8.189
8.47 .Rear Panel Mounted Power Supply
Component Locations
................... 8.189
8.48 .Power Supply Rectifier andRegulator
Assembly SchematicDiagram
........... 8.189
849 . Rear View of Front Panel (Removed) ....... 8.191
8.50
. Top InternalView Standard Instrument ... 8.191
8.51
. Top InternalView HP-IB .................. 8.191
TABLES
Table Page Table Page
1.1 . Specifications ............................... 1.2 4.5 . PerformanceTest Record ................... 4.10
..............
1.2 . Recommended TestEquipment 1.5 5.1 . Factory Selected Components
............... 5.2
........ 2.1 . Line FuseRatings andPartNumbers 2.2
2.2 . Circuit Options
............................. 2.4 6.1 . Reference Designators andAbbreviations .... 6.2
2.3 . USA Standard Code for Information 6.2
. Replaceable Parts .......................... -6-4
Interchange (ASCII)
...................... 2-4 6.3
. CodeList of Manufacturers ................. 6.21
..........
Message Reference Table ................... 3.15 7.1 . Manual Changes by SerialNumber 7.1
.
Measurement Sequence ..................... 3.16 7.2 Summaryof Manual Changesby Page
Hewlett-PackardInterface BusInput Number
.................................. 7.2
..........................
Program Codes 3.17
Hewlett-PackardInterface BusOutput 8.1 . Logic Levels andPower Requirements
....... 8.9
...........
Data String .............................. 3.19 8.2 . Program Mnemonic Descriptions 8.20
Power Meter Remote Access Timeto 8.3
. StandardInstrument Checkout ............. 8.52
.............
............ .
First Output Data Character -3-20 8.4 HP-IB Circuit Troubleshooting 8.99
8.6 . Operating Program Description
........... 8.124
. ...
Zero Carryover AutorangeDigital 8.7 Up/Down Count Control Logic Steering 8.139
..........
.
...........................
Readout Results 4.3 8.8 Function Decoder Clock Selection 8.149
.
..........
Instrument Accuracy Test Results -4-5 8.9 Programming Command Logic Operating
...............................
Instrument Accuracy Test Results for Summary 8.149
.
...........................
dB[REF]Mode 4.5 8.10 Power Meter Talk HP-IBOutput Data
............. .................................
Calibration FactorTestResults -4-7 Format 8.155
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Contents Model
436A
SERVICE SHEETS
ServiceSheet Page
1 Overall Block Diagram. . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . .. .8-159
2 AC Gain, A-D Converter, andDisplay
Circuits Block Diagram (AlA1,
A2, A3) . . .8-161
3 Controller and Counters Block Diagram
(AlA2,A4, A5)
. . . . .. .. . .. ..... . ... . . . . .. .8-163
4 HP-IB(Option 022)Circuit Block Diagram
(A6,A7).
....... . .. . ...... . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . .8-165
6
Front PanelAssembly (AlA1,AlA2) .. . . ... .8-169
7 AC Gain Assembly (A2) ... .. ..... . . . .. .... . .8-171
Service Sheet Page
8 A-D ConverterAssembly (AlA3,A3). .. .. . .. .8-173
9 Counter RelativeAsocmbly (A4) ... . .. . . . . .. .8-175
10 Controller Assembly (A5) .. ... . . . . ... . . . . . . .8-177
11 HP-IB (Option 022)ControlAssembly (A6) .. .$-I79
12 HP-IB (Option 022)Input/Output
Assembly (A7)
.. . .. .. . . . ... . . . ... . .. . . .. .8-181
14 Power ReferenceOscillator Assembly (A8) .. .8-187
15 Power SupplyRectifier and Regulator
Assembly (A9,A10)
....... . . ..... . . .. ... .8-189
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Model 436A
Safety Considerations
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL
This product andrelated documentation must be
reviewedforfamiliarizationwithsafetymarkings
andinstructions before operation.
This product is a SafetyClass I instrument (pro-
vided with a protective earth terminal).
BEFOREAPPLYING POWER
Verify that the product is set to match the avail-
able line voltage andthecorrect fuse is installed.
SAFETY EARTH GROUND
An uninterruptible safety earth ground must be
provided from the main power source to the pro-
duct input wiring terminals, power cord, or sup-
plied power cord set.
Any interruption of the protective (grounding)
conductor (inside or outside the instrument) or
disconnecting the protective earth terminal will
causea potential shockhazardthatcouldresultin
personal injury. (Grounding one conductor of
a
two conductor outlet is not sufficient protection.)
In addition, verify that a common ground exists
between the unit under test and this instrument
-
prior toenergizing either unit.
Whenever itislikely thattheprotection hasbeen
impaired,theinstrumentmustbemadeinoperative
andbesecuredagainstanyunintended operation.
If this instrument is to be energized via an auto-
transformer (forvoltage reduction)makesurethe
common terminal isconnected toneutral(thatis,
thegrounded sideof themainssupply).
Servicing instructions are for use by service-
trained personnel only. To avoid dangerous elec-
tric shock, do not perform any servicing unless
qualified to do so.
Adjustments described in the manual are per-
formed with power supplied to the instrument
whileprotectivecovers areremoved. Energyavail-
able at many points may, if contacted, result in
personal injury.
Capacitors inside the instrument may still be
charged even if the instrument has been discon-
nected from its sourceof supply.
For continued protection against fire hazard, re-
place theline fuse(~)only with
250V fuse(~)of the
samecurrentratingandtype(forexample,normal
blow,timedelay,etc.).Do notuserepairedfusesor
short circuited fuseholders.
SAFETY SYMBOLS
Instruction manual symbol: the product
will be marked with thissymbol when itis
necessary for the user to refer to the in-
structionmanual(seeTableof Contentsfor
pagereferences).
5
Indicates hazardous voltages.
Indicates earth (ground)terminal.
-
The WARNING sign denotes a
hazard. It calls attention to
a
procedure, practice, or the like,
which,if notcorrectlyperformed
oradheredto, could resultinper-
sonalinjury. Do not proceed be-
yonda WARNING signuntilthe
indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
The CAUTION sign denotes a
hazard. It calls attention to an
operatingprocedure, practice, or
the like, which, if not correctly
performed or adhered to, could
result in damage to or destruc-
tion of part or allof theproduct.
Do not proceed beyond a CAU-
TION sign until the indicated
conditions are fully understood
andmet.
vii
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GeneralInformation Model 436A
POWER METER
TUNING TOOL
POWER SENSOR CABLE POWER CABLE
--
Figure 1-1. HP Model 436A Power Meter and Accessories Supplied
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Model 436A General Information
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. INTRODUCTION
1-2. This manual provides information pertaining
to the installation, operation, testing, adjustment
and maintenance of the HP Model 436A Power
Meter.
1-3. Figure 1-1 shows the Power Meter with
accessories supplied.
1-4. Packaged with this manual is an Operating
Information Supplement. This iS simply a copy of
the first three sections of this manual. This
supplement should be kept with the instrument for
use by the operator. Additional copies of the
Operating Information Supplement may be
ordered through your nearest Hewlett-Packard
office. The part numbers are listed on the title page
of this manual.
1-5. On the title page of this manual, below the
manual part number, is a "Microfiche" part
number. This number may be used to order
4x6-inch microfilm transparencies of the manual.
The microfiche package also includes the latest
Manual Changes supplement as well
as all pertinent
Service Notes.
1-6. SPECIFICATIONS
1-7. Instrument specifications are listed in
Table
1-1. These specifications are the performance
standards or limits against which the instrument
may be tested.
number prefix(es) as listed under SERIAL
NUMBERS on the title page.
1-11. An instrument manufactured after the
printing of this manual may have a serial prefix
that is not listed on the title page. This unlisted
serial prefix indicates that the instrument is
different from those documented in this manual.
The manual for this instrument is supplied with a
yellow Manual Changes supplement that contains
change information that documents the
differences.
1-12. In addition to change information, the
supplement may contain information for cor-
recting errors in the manual. To keep this manual
as current and accurate
as possible, Hewlett-
Packard recommends that you periodically request
the latest Manual Changes supplement. The
supplement for this manual is keyed to the
manual's print date and part number, both of
which appear on the title page. Complimentary
copies of the supplement are available from
Hewlett-Packard.
f -13. For information concerning a serial number
prefix not listed on the title page or in the Manual
Changes supplement, contact your nearest Hewlett-
Packard office.
1-14. DESCRIPTION
1-15. The Power Meter is a precision digital-
readout instrument capable of automatic and
manual measurement of RF and Microwave power
levels. It is designed for interconnection with a
1-8.
INSTRUMENTSCOVERED BY MANUAL compatible Power Sensor (refer to Table 1-1,
Specifications) to form a complete power measure-
'-'. Power Meter Options Oo3, Oo4, and 022 are ment system. The frequency and power range of
documented in this manual. The differences are
the system are determined by the particular Power
noted in the appropriate location such as Sensor selected for use. With the Power Sensors
OPTIONS in Section 1, the Re~la~eableParts List, available, the overallfrequencyrange
of the system
and the schematic diagrams. is 100kHz to 18GHz, and the overall power range
1-10. This instrument has a two-part serial
number. The first four digits and the letter 1-16. Significant operating features of the Power
Meter are as follows:
comprise the serial number prefix. The last five
digits form the sequential suffix that is unique to
Digital Display: The display is a four-digit,
each instrument. The contents of this manual seven-segment LED, plus a sign when
in the
apply directly to instruments having the same serial dBm or dB (REL) mode. It also has under- and
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General Information
Model 436A
Table 1-1. Specifications
SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency Range:
100kHz to26.5 GHz (dependingon power sensor used).
Power Range:
(display calibrated in watts, dBm, and dB relative to
reference power level).
With 8481A, 84829or 8483A sensors: 50dB with 5
full scale ranges of -20, -10, 0, 10,and 20 dBm
(10 pW to 100mW).
With 8481B or 84828 sensors: HP 8481Bis 44 dB
(1mW to 25W) at 0 to 35'~and HP 8482Bis 43dB
(1
mW to 20W) at 35'~to 55'~with 5 ranges of
10,20,30,40 and 43or44 dBm.
With 8481 H or 8482H sensors: 45 dB with 5 ranges
of 0,10,20,30 and 35dBm (1mW to 3W).
With 8484A sensor: 50 dB with 5 full scale ranges of
-60, -50, -40, -30, and -20 dBm (1nW to
10
pW).
Accuracy:
Instrumentation1
:
Watt mode: f 0.5%.
dBm mode: k0.02 dB 20.001 ~B/OCP
dB [REL] mode2
: k0.02 dB +-0.001 ~B/'c.?
Zero: Automatic, operated by front panel switch.
Zero Set: +0.5% of fkll scale on most sensitive range.
typical,
f 1 count on otherranges.
Zero carry over: k0.2% of full scale when zeroed on
the most sensitive range.
Noise (typical, at constant temperature, peak change
over any one-minuteinterval): 20 pW (8484A);
40 nW (8481A, 8482A, 8483A); 4 pW (8481H,
8482H).
Drift (1hour, typical, at constant temperature after
24-hour warm-up); 20 pW (8484A); 10nW (8481A,
8482A, 8483A); 1.0 pW (8481H, 8482H).
Power Reference: Internal 50 MHz oscillator with
Type N Female connector on front panel (or
rear
panel, Option 003only).
Power output: 1.00
mW.
Factory set to 2 0.7%, traceable to the National
Bureau of Standards.
Accuracy: 21.2% worst case (t0.9W rss) for one
year (O°C to 55OC).
Response Time:
(0 to 99% of reading, five time constants)
Range
1 (mostsensitive) <10 seconds.
Range 2
<1 second
Range
3-5 <I00 milliseconds.
(Typical,measured atrecorder output).
Cal Factor:
16-position switch normalizes meter reading toac-
count for calibration factor or effective efficiency.
Range 85%to 100% in 1%steps.
Cal Adjustment:
Front panel adjustment provides capability toadjust
gain of meter tomatch power sensor in use.
Recorder Output:
Proportional toindicated power with 1 volt corre-
spondingtofull scale and 0.316 volts to-5 dB;
1 kS2 output impedance, BNC connector.
RF Blanking Output:
Open collector TTL; low corresponds to blanking
when auto-zero mode is engaged.
Display:
Digital display with four digits, 20% over-range capa-
bility onall ranges. Also, uncalibrated analogpeak-
ing meter tosee fast changes.
Power Consumption:
- lOOV +- 10%,48to66 Hz and 360to440 Hz.
120V+5%, -lo%, 48to 66 Hz and 360 to 440 Hz.
220 or 240V
+5%, -10% 48to 66Hz.
Typically less than 24 watts (<25 watts for Opt.
022), 60V-Amaximum.
Dimensions:
134mm High (5-114inches).
213 mm Wide (8-318inches).
279 mm Deep (11inches).
NetWeight: 4.5 kg (10 lbs).
l~ncludessensor non-linearity. Add +2,
-4% on top rangewhen using the 8481A,8482A,or 8483Apower sensors.
'~pecificationsareforwithin range measurements. For rangeto-rangeaccuracy addtherange uncertainties.
'~eferencedto 25OC.
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Model 436A General Information
DESCRIPTION (cont'd)
overrange indicators. There is a 20 percent
overrange capability in
all ranges. Large
10mm (0.375 inch) digits are easy tosee even
in a high glare environment.
Auxiliary Meter: Complements the digital
display by showing fast changes in power level.
Ideal for "peaking" transmitter output or
other variable power devices.
Choice of Display in Watts, dBm or dB:
Absolute power can be read out in watts or
dBm. Relative power measurements are made
possibile with the dB [REF] switch. Pressing
this switch zeros the display for any applied
input power and any deviation from this
reference is shown in dB with a resolution of
+ 0.01 dB. This capability is particularly useful
in frequency response testing.
Power Units and Mode Annunciator: The units
annunciator provides error-free display
interpretation by indicating appropriate power
units in the watt mode. The mode annunciator
indicates the mode of operation: dBm, dB
(REL), ZERO or REMOTE.
Completely Autoranging: The Power Meter
automatically switches through its 5 ranges to
provide completely "hands off" operation.
The RANGE HOLD switch locks the Power
Meter
in one of its ranges when autoranging is
not desired.
Automatic Sensor Recognition: The Power
Meter continually decodes the sensitivity of
the Power Sensor to which it is connected.
This information is then used to automatically
control the digital display decimal point
location and, when WATT MODE operation is
selected, to light the appropriate power units
annunciator.
Auto Zero: Zeroing the meter is accomplished
by merely depressing the SENSOR ZERO
switch and waiting until the display shows all
zeros before releasing it. The meter is ready to
make measurements as soon as the zero light
in the mode annunciator goes off.
RF BlankingOutput: Open collector TTL; low
corresponds to blanking when the sensor zero
is engaged, May be used to remove the RF
input signal connected tothe power sensor.
Calibration Accuracy: A 1.00 mW, 50 MHz
reference output is availableat the front panel
for calibrating the Power Meter and the Power
Sensor as a system. Calibration is accomp-
lished using the CAL ADJ and CAL FACTOR
% controls. The CAL ADJ control compen-
sates for slight differences in sensitivity
associated with a particular type of Power
Sensor and the CAL FACTOR
% control
compensates for mismatch losses and effective
efficiency over the frequency range of the
Power Sensor.
Recorder Output:
Provides a linear output
with respect to the input power level. For
each range, a +1.00 Vdc output corresponds
to a full scale input power level. Refer to
Table 1-1, Specifications, for the full-scale
range values associated with the various types
of Power Sensorsavailable.
1-17. The Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-IB)
Option 022 allows full remote control operation
of all the power meter functions (CAL FACTOR
can be programmed to either 100%or the CAL
FACTOR which has been manually set on the
front panel). This option may be added by the user
at a later time as his requirements grow.
1-18. OPTIONS
1-19. Input-Output Options
1-20. Option 003. A rear panel POWER REF
OUTPUT connector replaces the standard front
panel connector.
1-21. Option 004. The 1.5 metre (5ft.) power sen-
sor cable is not shipped with thepower meter.
1-22. Remote Control Options
1-23. Option 022 adds remote interface capability
to the Power Meter. Option 022 is compatible with
the Hewlett-Packard InterfaceBus (AH1, CO, DC2,
DT1, L2, LEO, PPO, RL2, SH1, SRO, T3, TEO).
1-24. Option 022 may be ordered in kit form
under HP part number 00436-60035. The kit
contains a control assembly printed-circuit board,
an input/output assembly printed circuit board,
and a data cable for interconnection.
1-3
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General Information Model
4368
1-25. ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED
1-26.
The accessories supplied with the Power
Meter are shown in Figure
1-1.
a. The
1.5 metre (5 ft.) Power Sensor Cable,
HP
11730A, is used to couple the Power Sensor to
the Power Meter. Order option
004 to delete the
standard
1.5 metre cable.
b. The line power cable may be supplied in
one of four configurations. Refer to theparagraph
entitled Power Cables in Section
11.
c.
An alignment tool for adjusting the CAL
ADJ frontpanel control (HP Part No. 8710-0630).
1-27. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED BUT NOT
SUPPLlED
1-28. To form a complete RFpower measurement
system, a Power Sensor such
as the HP Mode!
8481A must be connected to the Power Meter via
the Power Sensor cable.
1-29. EQUIPMENTAVAILABLE
1-30. The HP Model 11683A Range Calibrator is
recommended for performance testing, adjusting,
and troubleshooting the Power Meter. The Power
Meter's range-to-range accuracy and auto-zero
operation can easily be verified with the Calibrator.
It also has the capability of supplyirrg
a full-scale
test signal for each range.
1-31.
Two extender boards (HP Part Numbers
5060-0258, and 5060-0630; 24 and 44 pins
respectively) enable the Power Meter printed
circuit assemblies to be accessed for service.
Rubber bumpers
(HP Part No. 0403-0015) should
be installed on the extender boards to prevent the
boards from touching.
1-32. The following table lists the cable accessories
and their lengths that are available for use with the
Power Meter. Order option
004 if thestandard 1.5
metre cable is not desired with a cable accessory.
Cable Accessory Cable Length
3.0 m (10ft)
6.1
m (20ft)
15.2
m (50ft)
30.5
m (100ft)
61.0
m (200ft)
1-33 RECOMMENDED TEST EQUIPMENT
1-34. The test equipment shown in Table 1-2 is
recommended for use during performance testing,
adjustments, and troubleshooting. To ensure
optimum performance of the Power Meter, the
specifications
of a substitute instrument must
equal or exceed the critical specifications shown in
the table.
1-35 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
1-36. The Power Meter is a Safety Class I
instrument. This instrument has been designed
according to international safety standards.
1-37. This operating and service manual contains
information, cautions, and warnings which must be
followed
by the user to ensure safe operation and
to retain the instrument in safe condition.
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Model 436A
General Information
Instrument Type
Range Calibrator
Digital Voltmeter
Power Meter
Thermistor
Mount
Counter
Oscilloscope
Logic Analyzer
Table 1-2. Recommended Test Equipment
Critical Specifications Suggested
Model
Chopped dc output for each range referenced to 1 mW range
Function: DC,resistance
Range Resistance: 200 ohms
Vdc: 100
mVdc, 1000mVdc, 10Vdc, 100Vdc
10MS2input impedance
6digit resolution (+0.05% of reading, k0.0230 of range)
Range:
1 mW
Transfer Accuracy (input -to-output): 0.2%
SWR: 1.05,50 MHz
Accuracy: *0.5% at 50 MHz
- -- -
Frequency Range: 220 Hz, 50 MHz
Sensitivity: 100mVrms
Accuracy: 0.01%
Bandwidth: dcto50
MHz
Vertical Sensitivity: 0.2Vldivision
Horizontal Sensitivity:
1 msldivision
Clock Input: 60
kHz
TriggerWord: 8 Bits
Bit Input: TTL
Display Word:
8 Bits
*P = PerformanceTests; A = Adjustments; T =Troubleshooting
**Formaximum accuracythe 478A-H75should be calibrated by the National Bureau of Standards. The
478A-H76,which includes HP Standards Laboratory calibration, may be used with a measurement
system accuracy of
0.58% instead of 0.5%.
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Model 436A
Installation
SECTION II
INSTALLATION
2-1. INTRODUCTION
2-2. This section provides all information neces-
sary to install the Power Meter. Covered in the
section are initial inspection, power requirements,
line voltage selection, interconnection, circuit
options, mounting, storage, and repackaging for
shipment.
2-3.
INITIAL INSPECTION
2-4. Inspect the shipping container for damage. If
the shipping container or cushioning material is
damaged, it should be kept until the contents of
the shipment have been checked for completeness
and the instrument has been checked mechanically
and electrically. The contents of the shipment
should be as shown in Figure
1-1. Procedures for
checking electrical performance are given in
Section IV. If the contents are incomplete,if there
is mechanical damage or defect, or if the instru-
ment does not pass the electrical performance test,
notify the nearest Hewlett-Packard office. If the
shipping container is-damaged, or the cushioning
material shows signs of stress, notify the carrier as
well as the Hewlett-Packard office. Keep the
shippingmaterials for the camer's inspection.
2-5. PREPARATION FOR USE
2-6. Power Requirements
2-7. The Power Meter requires a power source of
100, 120, 220, or 240 Vac,
+5%, -lo%, 48 to
440 Hz single phase. Power consumption is approx-
imately 20 watts.
If this instrument is to be energized via an
autotransformer for voltage reduction, make
sure the common terminal is connected to the
earthed pole
of the power source.
2-8. LineVoltage and Fuse Selection
w
'10 BEFORE PLUGGING THIS LNSTRUMENT
into the Mains (line) voltage, be sure the cor-
rect voltage and fuse have been selected.
2-9. A rear panel, line power module permits
operation from 100, 120, 220, or 240 Vac. The
number visible in the window (located on the
module) indicates the nominal line voltage to
which the instrument must be connected. Verify
that the line voltage selection card and the fuse
are matched to the power source. Refer to Figure
2-1, Line Voltage and Fuse Selection. Table 2-1
lists the ratings and HP part numbers for the
replaceable fuses.
For protection against fire hazard, the
line fuse for
220/240V operation should
only be
a 250V slow blow fuse with the
correct current rating.
Operating voltage is shown
in module window.
SELECTION OF OPERATING VOLTAGE
1. Open cover door, pull the FUSE PULL lever and rotate to
left. Remove the fuse.
2. Remove the Line Voltage Selection Card. Position the card
so the line voltage appears at top-left corner. Push the card
firmly into the slot.
3. Rotate the FUSE PULL lever to its normal position. Insert
a fuse of the correct value inthe holder. Close the cover
door.
I WARNING (
To avoid thepossibility ofhazardous electri-
cal shock, do not operate this instrument at
line voltagesgreater than126.5 Vacwithline
frequencies greater than 66
Hz (leakage cur-
rents at these line settings may exceed
3.5mA).
Figure 2-1. Line Voltage and Fuse Selection
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Installation Model 436A
Table 2-1. Line Fuse Ratings and Part Numbers
Line
Voltage Rating Part Number
2-10. Power Cable
L
100/120V
220/240V
BEFORE SWITCHING ON THIS IN-
STRUMENT, the protective earth termi-
nals ofthis instrument must be connected
to theprotective conductor ofthe (mains)
power cord. The mains plug shall only be
inserted in asocket outlet provided with a
protective earth contact. The protective
action must not be negated by the use of
an extension cord (powercable)without a
protective conductor (grounding).
2-1 1. In accordance with international safety
standards, this instrument is equipped with a three-
wire power cable. When connected to an
appropriate ac power receptacle, this cable grounds
the instrument cabinet. The type of power cable
plug shipped with each instrument depends on the
country of destination. Refer to Figure 2-2 for the
.75A, 250V
.375A, 250V,
SLO-BLO
part numbers of the power cable plugs available.
2110-0063
2110-0421
Figure 2-2. Power Cable and
Mains Plug Part Numbers
2-12.
ADDRESS SELECTION
This task should be performed only by
service trained persons who are aware of
the potential shock hazard ofworking on
an instrument with protective covers
removed.
To avoid hazardous electrical shock, the
line (mains) power cable should be dis-
connected before attempting to change
the
HP-IB address.
Look up the.address code in Table 2-3. .Read the
binary equivalent of the code. Set the five least
significant bits of the code on the address switch
as shown below. (The address switch A6S1, is on
the HP-IBControl Assembly.)
5 least significant bits of the address
code read
from Table 2-3.
The switch is shown set for Talk address "M"
(100
11 0 1 ) and Listen address "-" (010 1 1 0 1 ).
2-13. Circuit Options
2-14. A jumper option is available for selecting a
filtered
or unfiltered dc RECORDER OUTPUT.
Table 2-2 lists the factory installed jumper connec-
tions and indicates how they may be reconnected
to select the option.
2-1 5. Interconnections
2-16. Power Sensor.
For proper system operation,
the Power Sensor must be connected tothe Power
Meter using either the Power Sensor cable supplied
with thePower Meter or any of the optional Power
Sensor cables specified in Section
I. Each of these
cables employs a sensitivity line to enable the
Power Meter to determine the operating range of
the Power Sensor and thus, the true value of the
input signal. For example, the 8481A and
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Model 436A Installation
8481H Power Sensors provide identical full scale
outputs in response to input signal levels of 100
milliwatts and 3 watts, respectively. The dif-
erence in their sensitivity codes is detected by the
Power Meter, however, and the Power Meter digital
readout is automatically configured toindicate the
appropriate value.
2-1 7. Hewlett-Packard l nterface Bus Option 022.
Interconnection data for Hewlett-Packard Interface
Bus Option 022 is provided in Figure 2-3. Power
Meter programming and output data format
is
described in Section 111, Operation. HP-IB address
selection is explained in Table 2-3.
2-18. MatingConnectors
2-1
9. lnterface Connector. The interface mating
connector for Option 022is indicated in Figure 2-3.
2-20. Coaxial Connectors. Coaxial mating con-
nectors used with the Power Meter should be US
MIL-C-39012compatible type
N male or 50-ohm
BNC male.
2-21. Operating Environment
2-22. The operating environment should be within
the following limitations:
Temperature
. . . . . . . . . . . . 0"C to +5s0C
Humidity
. . . . . . . . . . . . . <95% relative
Altitude
. . . . . . . . . . <4570 m (15,000 ft)
2-23. Bench Operation
2-24. The instrument cabinet has plastic feet and a
fold-away tilt stand for convenience in bench
operation. (The plastic feet are shaped to ensure
self-aligning of the instruments when stacked.) The
tilt stand raises the front of,the instrument for
easierviewing of the control panel.
2-25. Rack Mounting
2-26. Instruments that are narrower than full rack
width may be rack mounted using Hewlett-Packard
sub-module cabinets. If it is desired torack mount
one Power Meter by itself, order half-module kit,
HP Part Number 5061-0057. If it is desired to rack
mount two Power Meters side by side, order the
following items:
a. Option 908 Rack Mounting Flange Kit-
(Forinstruments without handles)
HP PartNumber
5061-9677.
.
b. Option 913 Rack Mounting Flange Kit-
-
(For instruments with handles) HP Part Number
c. Lock Link Kit-Kit consists of lock hard-
ware and screws for joining instrument cabinets in
several different configurations. Enough horizontal
links (12 front, 6 rear) for three side-by-sidejoints
(up to 4 instruments), and enough vertical links
(4 front, 4 rear) to form two overtunder joints (up
to
3 instruments) HP Part Number 5061-0094.
2-27. Option 907 In addition to the rack mounting
hardware,a fronthandleassembly (twoprovided)is
also availableforthePower Meter. The part number
isHP5061-9689.
2-28. STORAGE AND SHIPMENT
2-29. Environment
2-30. The instrument should be stored in a clean
dry environment. The following environmental
limitations apply toboth storage and shipment:
Temperature
. . . . . . . . . . . -40" Cto +75" C
Humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . < 95%relative
Altitude
. . . . . . . . . . <7620 m (25,000ft)
2-31. Packaging
2-32. Original Packaging.
Containers and materials
identical to those used in factory packaging are
available through Hewlett-Packard offices. If the
instrument is being retuned to Hewlett-Packard
for servicing, attach a tag indicating the type of
service required, return address, model number,
and full serial number. Also mark the container
FRAGILE to assure careful handling. In any
correspondence refer to the instrument by model
number and full serial number.
2-33. Other Packaging. The following general
instructions should be used for re-packaging with
commercially availablematerials:
a. Wrap the instrument in heavy paper or
plastic. (If shipping to a Hewlett-Packard office or
service center, attach a tag indicating the service
required, return address, model number, and full
serial number.)
b.
Use a strong shipping container. Adouble-
wall carton made of 275-113 test material is
adequate.
c. Use enough shock-absorbing material (3
to Cinch layer) around all sides of instrument to
provide firm cushion and prevent movement
in the
container. Protect the control panel with
cardboard.
d. Sea.the shipping container securely.
e. Mark the shipping container FRAGILE to
assure careful handling.
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