HP 8903E Use and care manual

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Errata
Title & Document Type:
Manual Part Number:
Revision Date:
HP References in this Manual
This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that Hewlett-
Packard's former test and measurement, semiconductor products and chemical analysis
businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies. We have made no changes to this
manual copy. The HP XXXX referred to in this document is now the Agilent XXXX.
For example, model number HP8648A is now model number Agilent 8648A.
About this Manual
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HP 8903E
DistortionAnalyzer
Operation and
Calibration Manual
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HP 8903E
DISTORTION ANALYZER
(Including Option 001)
SERIAL NUMBERS
This manual applies directly to instruments with
serial numbers prefixed
2507A and 2516A.
For additional important information about serial
numbers, see
Instruments Covered by Manual in
Section
1.
First Edition
@HEWLET-PACKARD COMPANY 1985
EAST 24001 MISSION AVENUE, TAF C-34, SPOKANE, WASHINGTON, USA., 99220
Operation and Calibration Manual Part No. 08903-90053
Operation and Calibration Manual Microfiche Part No. 90069
Printed: JULY 1985
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1 Regulatory Information
(Updated March 1999)
1
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Regulatory Information (Updated March 1999)
Safety Considerations
GENERAL
This product and related documentation must be reviewed for familiarization with safety
markings and instructions before operation.
This product has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Pubhation 101 0,
"SafetyRequirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus," and has been supplied in a
safe condition. This instruction documentation contains information and warnings which
must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and
to maintain the product in a safe
condition.
SAFETY EARTH GROUND
A uninterruptible safetyearth ground must be provided from the main power source to the
product input wiring terminals, power cord, or supplied power cord set.
SAFETY SYMBOLS
A Indicates instrument damage can occur if indicated operatinglimits are exceeded.
Indicates hazardous voltages.
Indicates earth (ground)terminal
WARNING A WARNING note denotes ahazard.It calls attentionto a procedure,
practice,or the like, which, if not correctlyperformedor adheredto,
could result in personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING
signuntil the indicated conditionsare fulls understood and met.
CAUTION A CAUTION note denotes a hazard. It calls attention to anoperation
procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered
to, could result in damage
to or destruction of part or all of the product. Do
not proceed beyond anCAUTION note until theindicated conditions arefully
understood and met.
2 Chapter 1
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Regulatory Information (Updated March 1999)
Safety Considerations for this Instrument
WARNING Thisproduct is a SafetyClass I instrument (providedwith a
protective earthing groundincorporated in the
power cord).The
mainsplug shall only be insertedin a socketoutlet provided with a
protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective
conductorinside
or outsideof the product is likelytomake the
product dangerous.Intentional interruption
is prohibited.
Whenever it is likelythat the protection has been impaired,the
instrument mustbe made inoperativeand be secured against any
unintended operation.
If this instrument istobe energized via anauto transformer (for
voltagereduction),make surethe common terminal is connected
to
the earthterminal of the power source.
If this product is not used as specified,the protection providedby
the equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a
normalcondition(inwhich all means forprotection areintact)only.
No operator serviceableparts inthisproduct. Refer servicingto
qualifiedpersonnel. To prevent electricalshock, do not remove
covers.
Servicinginstructionsare for useby qualifiedpersonnel only. To
avoid electricalshock, do not perform any servicingunlessyou are
qualifiedto do
so.
The openingof covers or removal of parts is likely to expose
dangerousvoltages. Disconnect the product from
all voltage sources
while
it is beingopened.
The power cord isconnectedto internal capacitorsthat my remain
live
for 5 secondsafterdisconnectingthe plugfrom its power supply.
For Continuedprotectionagainstfirehazard, replace thelinefuse(s)
only with
250 V fuse(s) or the same current rating and type (for
example,normal blow or time delay).Do not use repaired fuses or
short circuitedfuseholders.
Always use thethree-prongac power cord supplied with this
product. Failure to ensure adequateearth groundingby not using
this cordmay cause product damage.
Thisproduct is designed for use in Installation Category I1 and
PollutionDegree
2 per IEC 1010 and IEC 664 respectively. FOR
INDOOR USE ONLY.
Thisproduct has autoranginglinevoltage input,be surethe supply
voltage
is within the specified range.
Chapter 1 3
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RegulatoryInformation (Updated March 1999)
To prevent electrical shock, disconnect instrument from mains (line)
before cleaning,Use a dry cloth or
one slightly dampenedwith water
to clean the externalcase
parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.
VentilationRequirements: When installingthe product in a cabinet,
the convectionintoand out
of the product must not be restricted.
The ambient temperature (outsidethe cabinet)must be lessthan the
maximum operatingtemperature of the product by
4" C for every 100
watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the
cabinet
is greaterthan 800 watts, then forced convection must be
used.
Product Markings
CE - the CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community. A CE mark
accompanied
by a year indicated the year the design was proven.
CSA - the CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.
Chapter 1
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Model 89033 Safety Considerations
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL
This product and related documentation must be re-
viewed for familiarization with safety markings and
instructions before operation.
This product is a Safety Class I instrument (provided
with a protective earth terminal).
BEFORE APPLYING POWER
Verify that the product is set to match the available
line voltage and the correct fuse
is installed.
SAFETY EARTH GROUND
An uninterruptible safety earth ground must be pro-
vided from the main power source tothe product input
wiring terminals, power cord, or supplied power cord
set.
SAFETY SYMBOLS
Instruction manual symbol: the product will
be marked with this symbol when it
is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction
manual (refer to Table of Contents).
Indicates hazardous voltages.
Indicates earth (ground) terminal.
f
The WARNING sign denotes a
hazard.
It calls attention to a
procedure, practice, or the like, which,
if not correctly
performed
or adhered to, could result in personal in-
jury.
Do not proceed beyond a WARNING sign until
the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
The CAUTION sign denotes a haz-
ard.
It calls attention to an
operating procedure, practice, or thelike, which, if not
correctly performed
or adhered to, could result in dam-
age to
or destruction of part or all of the product. Do
not proceed beyond a CAUTION sign until the indi-
cated conditions are fully understood and met.
Any interruption of the protective (ground-
ing) conductor (inside
or outside the instru-
ment)
or disconnecting the protective earth
terminal will cause a potential shock hazard
that could result inpersonal injury. (Ground-
ing one conductor of a two conductor outlet
is not sufficientprotection).
Whenever it is likely that the protection has
been impaired, the instrument must be made
inoperative and be secured against any unin-
tended operation.
If this instrument is to be energized via an
autotransformer (for voltage reduction) make
sure the common terminal is connected to the
earth terminal of the power source.
Servicing instructions are for use by service-
trained personnel only.
To avoid dangerous
electric shock, do not perform any servicing
unless qualified to
do so.
Adjustments described in the manual are per-
formed withpower supplied to the instrument
while protective covers are removed. Energy
available at manypoints may,
if contacted, re-
sult in personal injury.
Capacitors inside the instrument may still be
charged even if the instrument has been dis-
connected from its source of supply.
For continued protection against fire hazard,
replace the line fuse(s)only with
250V fuse(s)
of the same current rating and type (for exam-
ple, normal blow, time delay, etc.).
Do not use
repaired fuses
or short circuited
fuseholders.
...
111
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Safety Considerations Model 89033
ATTENTION
Static Sensitive
Devices
This instrument was constructed in an ESD (electro-static dis-
charge) protected environment. This is because most of the semi-
conductor devices used
in this instrument are susceptible to damage
by static discharge.
Depending on the magnitude of the charge, device substrates can
be punctured
or destroyed by contact or mere proximity of a static
charge. The results can cause degradation of device performance,
early failure,
or immediate destruction.
These charges are generated in numerous ways such as simple con-
tact, separation of materials, and normal motions of persons
working with static sensitive devices.
Whenhandling or servicing equipment containing static sensitive
devices, adequateprecautions mustbe taken toprevent device dam-
age
or destruction.
Only those who are thoroughly familiar with industry accepted
techniques for handling static sensitive devices should attempt to
service circuitry with these devices.
In all instances, measures must be taken to prevent static charge
build-up on work surfaces and persons handling the devices.
For further information on ESDprecautions, refer to “SPECIAL
HANDLING CONSIDERATIONS FOR STATIC SENSITIVE
DEVICES”
in Section VIII Service Section.
iv
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Model 8903E Table of Contents
CONTENTS
Page
VOLUME 1 .
Section 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
Introduction .....................
Specifications ............ .......... 1-1
Safety Considerations ..................... 1-1
Instruments Covered by Manual .................. 1-1
Serial Numbers ............................. 1-1
Options .............................. . . 1-2
Manual Changes Supplement ...... ......... 1-2
................. 1-2
............................. 1-2
Audio Testing ................................ 1-2
Transceiver Testing ................. 1-3
Balanced Input ..........................
Systems ...................................... 1-3
Options ........................................ 1-3
Electrical Options ............................. 1-3
Electrical Option 001 ........................ 1-3
Internal Plug-in Filter Options ................ 1-3
Mechanical Options ........................... 1-4
Front Handle Kit (Option 907) ............... 1-4
Rack Flange Kit (Option 908) ................ 1-4
Rack Flange and Front Handle
Combination Kit (Option
909) .............. 1-4
Hewlett-Packard Interface
BUS(HP-IB) ................................. 1-4
Compatibility ............ 1-4
Selecting the HP-IB Address ................... 1-4
Accessories Supplied ............................. 1-4
Electrical Equipment Available ................... 1-4
HP-IB Controllers ............................. 1-4
Front-to-Rear-Panel Connectors
Retrofit Kit
................................ 1-4
Rear-to-Front-Panel Connectors
Retrofit Kit
............... 1-6
Available ..................................... 1-6
Chassis Slide Mount Kit ....................... 1-6
Chassis Tilt Slide Mount Kit . ... 1-6
Recommended Test Equipment ................... 1-6
Principles of Operation for
Mechanical Equip
Simplified Block Diagram . ........
Voltmeter and Notch Filter .........
Counter ...................................... 1-7
Voltage Measurement ........................ 1-8
Input Frequency Measurement ................ 1-8
Controller . .
Basics of Audio
AC Level
.......................
Frequency .................................... 1-9
DC Level .................................... 1-9
Distortion ..............
SINAD ........
Signal Impurities .................. 1-9
Page
.
Section 2
INSTALLATION
................................ 2-1
................................ 2.1
Preparation for Use ............................. 2-1
Power Requirements ........................... 2-1
Line Voltage and Fuse Selection ................ 2-1
Power Cables ................................. 2-1
HP-IB Address Selection ....................... 2-2
Interconnections .............................. 2-4
Mating Connectors ............................ 2-4
Interface Connector ......................... 2-4
Coaxial Connectors .......................... 2-4
Operating Environment ........................ 2-4
Bench Operation .............................. 2-5
Rack Mounting ............................... 2-5
Storage and Shipment ........................... 2-5
Environment ................................. 2-5
Packaging .................................... 2-5
Original Packaging .............
Other Packaging ...............
Section 3
OPERATION
Introduction .......................
General ...................................... 3-1
Turn-On Procedure ............................ 3-1A
Local Operation ............................... 3-1
Simplified Operation ......................... 3-2
Panel Features .......................
Detailed Operating Instructions ........
Supplemental Information .................... 3-2
Operatingg Characteristics ......... ......... 3-1
Remote Operation (HP-IB) .........
Operator’s Checks ............................. 3-2
Basic Functional Checks ..................... 3-2
HP-IB Functional Checks .................... 3-2
Operator’s Maintenance ........................ 3-2
Operator’s Checks ............................... 3-8
Basic Functional Checks ........
Preliminary Check ...........
Filter Check ................................ 3-9
Distortion ................................. 3-10
SINAD Check ............................. 3-10
DC Level Check ........................... 3-10
HP-IB Functional Checks ..................... 3-11
Remote and Local Messages and the LCL Key 3-12
.................. 3-13
................. 3-13
Lockout/Set Local M ............... 3-13
Abort Message ............................. 3-15
Status Byte Message ....................... 3-16
Require Service Message .................... 3-17
Key Triggering ........................... 3-17
Address Recognition ........................ 3-11
Sending the Data Message
Receiving the Data Message
Local Lockout and Clear
Clear Message ....... 3-14
Trigger Message and Clear
V
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Table of Contents Model 89033
CONTENTS (cont’d)
Page
Interface Bus ........................... 3-19
HP-IB Compatibility . . ............ 3-19
....................... 3-19
.................... 3-19
Local Mode ................ ........ 3-19
Local Capability ...................... 3-19
Remote-to-Local Mode Changes ........ 3-19
Addressing ......... ............... 3-19
Local Lockout ........................ 3-21
Data Messages ......................
Receiving the Data Message .............. 3-21
-
Remote Operation, Hewlett-Packard
Listen Only .......................... 3-21
Data Input Format .................... 3-22
Program Codes ....................... 3-22
Turning Off Functions ............
Programming Numeric Data ...
General Numeric Data Input Format .... 3-23
Triggering Measurements with the
Special Considerations for
Reading Data from the Right
Program Order Considerations
.
Data Message ....................... 3-23
Triggered Operation ..............
or Left Display ..................... 3-24
Talk Only Mode ...................... 3-25
Data Output Format .................. 3-25
Data Output Format .................. 3-25
Sending the Data Message
............... 3-24
Talk Status Only Mode ....
Error Output Format ..............
Receiving the Clear Message ............. 3-25
Receiving the Trigger Message ............ 3-26
Receiving the Remote Message ........... 3-26
Receiving the Local
Lockout Message
..........
Receiving the Clear Lockout/Set
Receiving the Local Message . ........ 3-26
..................... 3-26
...... 3-26
..... 3-26
Receiving the Pass Control Message
Sending the Require Service Message
Selecting the Service Request
Sending the Status Byte Message
Sending the Status Bit
Condition ...................
.......................
Receiving the Abort Message
............. 3-27
HP-IB Syntax and Characteristics
Summary .... .................... 3-29
Page
DETAILED OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3-33
.......................... 3-33
ion ...................... 3-35
Common Mode .......... ............. 3-36
DC Level ...............
............. 3-39
Default Conditions and Power-up
Detector Selection ..............
Display Level in Watts ...............
Distortion ..... ................... 3-43
................... 3-45
Error Disable ...... 3-47
Error Message Summary ................... 3-48
Filters ......................... ...... 3-51
.......................... 3-55
nt ....................... 3-57
HP-IB Address ........................... 3-59
Input Level Range (DC Level) ............. 3-61
....... 3-62
Monitor ................. ........... 3-64
Notch Tune ..............
........... 3-67
Post-Notch Detector Filtering
(Except SINAD) ........................ 3-68
Post-Notch Gain ........... ......... 3-69
Rapid Frequency Count .................... 3-70
RATIO and LOG/LIN .................... 3-73
Read Display to HP-IB .............. 3-75
Service Request Condition ................. 3-76
SINAD .................................. 3-78
Special Functions ...... ............... 3-80
Time Between Measurements ............... 3-86
Section 4
PERFORMANCE TESTS
-
Sequence ....................
..............
Hold Settings ............................. 3-58
Input Level Range (Except DC Level)
Introduction ....................
Equipment Required ............
Test Record ............................... 4-1
Calibration Cycle .......................... 4-1
Abbreviated Performance Testing ............ 4-1
PERFORMANCE TESTS .................. 4-2
AC Level Accuracy ......................... 4-2
DC Level Accuracy ............
Residual Distortion and Noise .....
Distortion and SINAD Accuracy
Frequency Accuracy and Sensitivity
......... 4-14
Audio Filters ............................. 4-15
Input Impedance ................ ...... 4-22
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio . ...... 4-24
Performance Test Record ...... ...... 4-26
vi
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Model 89033 Table of Contents
CONTENTS (cont’d)
Page
-
Section 5
ADJUSTMENTS
Introduction . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . 5-1
Safety Considerations
. . . . . . . .. . . .. . ... .. . . . 5-1
Equipment Required
.. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ... . . . . 5-1
Factory-Selected Components
. ........... . . . . 5-1
Post-Repair Tests,
Adjustments, and Checks . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .. 5-1
Related Adjustments
. . ....... . . . . . . ... . . . . . 5-2
Internal Reference Frequency . .. . . ... . . . . . . . . 5-3
ADJUSTMENTS
. . . .. . .. . . . . ..... . . .. . . . . . 5-3
Input Flatness . . .... . ... . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . ... 5-4
Common-Mode Rejection
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-8
Input DC Offset
. . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
400 Hz High-Pass and Weighting
Bandpass Filters .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 5-10
Notch Filter Tune and Balance
. . . . . . . .. . .. . 5-12
Voltmeter (Using
an HP-IB
. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 5-13
Voltmeter (Not Requiring an HP-IB
. . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 5-16
Controller)
Controller)
vii
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Model 89033 General Information
Section 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. INTRODUCTION
This manual contains information required to install,
operate, test, adjust, and service the Hewlett-Packard
Model 89033 Distortion Analyzer. This manual docu-
ments options installed in the Distortion Analyzer
such as rear-panel connections and internal plug-in
filters.
This section of the manual describes the instruments
documented by the manual and covers instrument
description, options, accessories, specifications, and
other basic information. This section also contains
principles of operation on a simplified block diagram
level and basic information on audio measurements.
The other sections contain the following
information:
Section 2, Installation: provides information about
initial inspection, preparation for use (including ad-
dress selection for remote operation), and storage and
shipment.
Section 3, Operation: provides information about
panel features, and includes operating checks, opera-
ting instructions
for both local and remote operation,
and maintenance information.
Section 4, PerformanceTests: provides the informa-
tion required to check performance
of the instrument
against the critical specifications in Table
1 - 1.
Section 5, Adjustments: provides the information
required to properly adjust the instrument.
Section 6, ReplaceableParts: provides ordering in-
formation for all replaceable parts and assemblies.
Section 7, Instrument Changes: provides instrument
modification, recommendations, and procedures.
Section 8, Service: provides the information required
to repair the instrument.
Sections 1 through 5 are bound in this volume, the
Operation and Calibration Manual. Sections 6 through
8 are bound in two separate volumes, the Service Man-
ual. The Service Manual is comprised of an HP 8903E
Service Supplement,
and an HP8903B Service Manual.
Copies of the Service Manual are not supplied with
the instrument unless specifically requested
(as option
915) at time
of instrument order. The Operation and
Calibration Manual
is supplied with the instrument
order. When option
915 is requested, the complete
service manual (the HP 89033 Service Supplement and
the
HP8903B Service Manual) is supplied with the
instrument order.
Copies of all volumes can be ordered through your
nearest Hewlett-Packard sales office. The part num-
bers are listed on the title page of this manual.
Also listed on the title page of this manual, below
the manual part number, is
a microfiche part number.
This number may be used to order 100
X 150mm
(4 X 6 inch) microfilm transparencies of this manual.
Each microfiche contains up to
96 photo-duplicates
of the manual’s pages. The microfiche package also
includes the latest
MANUAL CHANGES supple-
ments, as well as all pertinent Service Notes.
1-2. SPECIFICATIONS
Instrument specifications are listed in Table 1-1.
These are the performance standards, or limits against
which the instrument may be tested. Characteristics
listed under Supplemental Information, Table 1-2,
are not warranted specificationsbut are typical char-
acteristics included as additional information for the
user.
1-3. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
This product is a Safety Class I instrument (that is,
provided with a protective earth terminal). The
Distortion Analyzer and all related documentation
must be reviewed for familiarization with safety mark-
ings and instructions before operation. Refer to the
Safety Considerations page found at the beginning
of this manual for a summary of the safety informa-
tion. Safety information pertinent
to the task at hand
(installation, performance testing, adjustment,
or
service) is found throughout the manual.
Serial Numbers. This instrument has a two-part ser-
ial number in the form
OOOOAOOOOO which is stamped
on the serial number plate attached to the rear
of
the instrument. The first four digits and the letter
constitute the serial number prefix, and the last five
digits form the suffix. The prefix
is the same for all
identical instruments. It changes only when a change
is made to the instrument. The suffix, however, is
assigned sequentially and is different for each instru-
ment. The contents of this manual apply directly to
instruments having the same serial prefix(es) as listed
under SERIAL NUMBERS on the title page.
1-4. INSTRUMENTS COVERED BY MANUAL
1-1
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General Information Model 89033
Options. Electrical Option 001, internal plug-in filter
options, and various mechanical options are docu-
mented in this manual. The differences are noted
under the appropriate paragraph such as
Options in
Section
1, the Replaceable Parts List, and the sche-
matic diagrams.
1-5. MANUAL CHANGES SUPPLEMENT
An instrument manufactured after the printing of
this manual may have a serial prefix that is not listed
on the title page. An unlisted serial prefix indicates
that the instrument differs in some way from those
documented in this manual.
A “Manual Changes Supplement” is shipped with this
manual
to provide you with the most current change
information available at the time of shipment. In
addition
to change information the supplement may
contain information for correcting errors in the
manual.
To keep this manual up to date and as accurate as
possible, Hewlett-Packardrecommends that you peri-
odically request the latest Manual Changes Supple-
ment. The supplement is identified with the print
date and part number that appears on the title page.
Complimentarycopies of the supplementare available
from Hewlett-Packard.
1-6. DESCRIPTION
1-7. General
The HPModel 89033Distortion Analyzer is an audio
measurement system covering the frequency range
of
20Hz to 100 kHz. The analyzer can perform
distortion analysis, frequency count, ac level, dc level,
and SINAD measurements. The Distortion Analyzer
reduces the number of instruments required in many
applications involving audio signal characterization.
The Distortion Analyzer is easy to use. All measure-
ments are selected by one
or two keystrokes. For
distortion measurements, the Distortion Analyzer
automatically ranges to, and tunes to the input signal.
Measurement and output ranges are automatically
selected for optimum resolution and accuracy.
The combined capabilities of the instrument are en-
hanced by microprocessor control, resulting in more
capability than would be available from separate
instruments. For example, using the ratio key allows
you to set a
OdB or
100% reference for making
frequency response measurements. Microprocessor
control allows flexible and versatile display formats.
For example, ac level can be displayed in V, mV,
dBm into
600Q2, watts, or as a ratio (in % ordB)
referenced to an entered
or measured value.
Virtually all functions are remotely programmable
through the Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-IB)‘.
Programming is easy and straightforward. All meas-
urements are made through a single input. This elimi-
nates the need
to switch between multiple inputs
under remote control and reduces software
development time and hardwarecosts. The Distortion
Analyzer measures the true rms level on all ac meas-
urements. True rms measurements assure greater
accuracy when measuring complex waveforms and
noise. For those applications where average detection
is required, the analyzer can be switched to average
responding (rms calibrated) detection via a front-
panel key. Accurate distortion measurementstypically
can be made
to less than 0.003% (-9OdB) between
20 Hz and 20 kHz.
1-8. Audio Testing
The Distortion Analyzer has numerous features which
make audio testing simple and convenient. For
example, distortion results can be displayed in
%
ora. AC level measurements can be displayed in
volts, dBm into
600Q, or watts. Measurement results
can be displayed in
% or dB relative to a measured
or entered value. Finding the 3dB points of filters
and amplifiers is simplified by using the relative
display feature. The Distortion Analyzer also features
high accuracy. The internal Voltmeter flatness
is bet-
ter than
0.5% (0.05 dB) over the range of 20 Hz to
20 kHz. Residual Distortion is typically 0.003% (-90
dB) over the same range. See Figure 1-1.
Balanced Input. The Distortion Analyzer has a selec-
table balanced input configuration for testing bal-
anced devices. For example, in the quest for higher
output power, many audio amplifiers use bridged out-
put stages. Such amplifiers can be difficult
to charac-
terize because their outputs cannot be grounded. To
test these devices, the usual approach has been to
use a balanced, calibrated isolation transformer con-
nected to
an analyzer with an unbalanced input. The
balanced input on the Distortion Analyzer make
transformers unnecessary. With the analyzer input
in the float position, connect the bridged device di-
rectly to the Distortion Analyzer
to make
measurements.
I
HP-IB: Not just IEEE-488. but the hardware, documentation
and support that delivers the shortest path to a measurement
system.
1-2
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Model 89033 General Information
-70
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w -75
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g -80
6 -80
5 -a5
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FREQUENCY
Figure 1-1. Typical Analyzer Residual
Distortion
1-9. Transceiver Testing
The Distortion Analyzer has several measurements
and features specifically designed for transceiver test-
ing.
It has SINAD measurements for receiver testing,
optional internal plug-in weighting filters for testing
to international standards, a reciprocal counter for
measuring squelch tones, and an optional internal
plug-in
400 Hz high-pass filter for eliminating squelch
tones when measuring transmitter audio distortion.
SINAD is one of the most basic receiver measure-
ments.
It must be made repeatedly when performing
sensitivity
or adjacent-channel sensitivity tests. In
the Distortion Analyzer, the SINAD measurement
is
more heavily filteredthan the distortion measurement
in order
to smooth the noisy signals encountered in
receiver testing. The filtering
is optimized for excel-
lent repeatability and speed
(2 readingslsecond typ-
ical). Some automatic distortion analyzers have a
tendency to become untuned when measuring SINAD
on noisy signals. The Distortion Analyzer overcomes
this problem by providing a front panel key which
locks the notch filter at the input frequency.
For
SINAD ratios less than 25 cU3, a Special Function
can be used to round the digital display
to the nearest
0.5dl3 to reduce digit flicker.
For accurate noise ratio measurements, the Distortion
Analyzer uses true
rms detection for SINAD. Most
older instruments employ average detection which
reads low for noise. The discrepancy can be 1.5dT3
or greater and varies with the ratio being measured.
For correlating results with past test data, the
Distortion Analyzer’s detector can be switched via a
front-panel key to an average responding
configuration.
tones up to 250 Hz is greater than 40 dl3. Therefore,
audio distortion measurements to
1 % residual
distortion can be made without disabling the trans-
mitter squelch tones.
Under remote control, the Distortion Analyzer can
count burst tone sequences. Typically the maximum
count rate is 8 ms/reading.
1-10. Systems
The Distortion Analyzer features capabilities for gen-
eral systems applications. The distortion measure-
ments are fully automatic, programmable, and fast.
Thetypical time to tune and return the first distortion
measurement is
1.5 seconds with a measurement rate
of
2 readingslsecond thereafter. The residual
distortion of the analyzer istypically
0.003% (-90 dB)
between 20Hz and 20kHz.
Often, systems applications involve measuring low
level ac signals. The Distortion Analyzer features a
full range ac level display of 0.3000mV with an
accuracy of
4% of reading (2% of reading for levels
>50 mV and from
20 Hz to 20 kHz). The ac detector
is switchable between true rms and average respond-
ing detection. The
3 dl3 measurement bandwidth for
both detectors is greater than
500 kHz.
Since many systems have noise problems, the
Distortion Analyzer has both 30 and
80 kHz low-pass
filters
to reject high frequency noise. In addition, the
optional internal plug-in
400 Hz high-passfilter atten-
uates line-related hum andnoise by more than 68
dB.
A special binary programming mode is available in
remote operation. The rapid frequency count mode
provides a packed, four-byte output for fast counting
over HP-IB.
1-11. OPTIONS
1-1 2. Electrical Options
Electrical Option 001. This option provides a rear-
panel (instead of front-panel) connection for the
INPUT and MONITOR connectors.
Internal Plug-in Filter Options. The Distortion
Analyzer has two internal plug-in filter positions;
each position can be loaded with any one of six
optional filters. Each filter is referenced to
its corre-
spondingfilter position by one of two option numbers.
For example, the 400 Hz High-Pass Filter Option can
be ordered as Option
010 which corresponds to the
left-most filter position,
or as Option 050 which corre-
sponds to the right-most filter position. These op-
For transceivers, the Distortion Analyzer has an op-
tional, internal plug-in seven-pole
400 Hz high-pass
filter for rejecting squelch tones. Rejection of squelch
tional plug-in filters can be configured in any
combination desired.
If there is no filter ordered for
a position, a jumper wire is loaded and a label marked
1-3
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General Information Model 89033
“No Filter” is placed above the filter key on the front
panel. The followinglist includes the name and option
numbers for each available filter.
the Distortion Analyzer, refer to Remote Operation,
Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus in Section 3 of this
manual.
400 Hz High-Pass Filter (Option 010, 050).
CCITT Weighting Filter (Option 011, 051).
CCIR Weighting Filter (Option
012, 052).
C-MESSAGE Weighting Filter (Option 013, 053).
CCIR/ARM Weighting Filter (Option 014, 054).
“A” Weighting Filter (Option 015, 055).
Specific information on each plug-in filter option can
be found in the Detailed Operating Instructions in
Section
3 under “Filters”.
1-16. Selecting the HP-IB Address
The HP-IB address switches are located within the
Distortion Analyzer. The switches represent a five-bit
binary number. This number represents the talk and
listen address characters which an HP-IB controller
is capable of generating. In addition, two more
switches allow the Distortion Analyzer to be set to
talk only
or listen only. A table in Section 2 shows
all HP-IB talk and listen addresses. Refer
to HP-IB
Address Selection in Section 2 of this manual.
1-13. Mechanical Options
1-1 7. ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED
The following options may have been ordered and
received with the Distortion Analyzer.
If they were
not ordered with the original shipment and are now
desired, they can be ordered from the nearest Hewlett-
Packard office using the part number included in
each
of the following paragraphs. The mechanical
options are shown in Figure 1-2.
Front Handle Kit (Option 907). Ease of handling is
increased with the front-panel handles. Order HP
part number 5061-9689.
Rack Flange Kit (Option 908). The Distortion
Analyzer can be solidly mounted to the instrument
rack using the flange kit. Order HP part number
5061-9677.
Rack Flange and Front Handle Combination Kit
(Option
909). This is not a front handle kit and a
rack flange kit packaged together; it
is composed of
a unique part which combines both functions. Order
HP part number 5061-9683.
1-14. HEWLETT-PACKARD INTERFACE BUS
(HP-16)
1-15. Compatibility
The Distortion Analyzer is compatible with HP-IB
to the extent indicated by the following code: SH1,
AH1, T5,
TEO, L3, LEO, SR1, RL1, PPO, DC1,
DT1, CO, El. The Distortion Analyzer interfaces
with the bus via open collector TTL circuitry. An
explanation of the compatibility code can be found
in IEEE Standard 488, “IEEE Standard Digital
Interface for Programmable Instrumentation”
or the
identical ANSI Standard MC1.l. For more detailed
information relating to programmable control of
The accessories supplied with the Distortion Analyzer
are shown in Figure
1-2.
Time delay fuses with a 1.5A rating for 100/120 Vac
operation
(HP 2110-0059) and a 0.75A rating for
220/240 Vac operation
(HP 2110-0018) are supplied.
One fuse is installed in the instrument at the time
of shipment. The rating of the installed fuse is selected
according to the line voltage specifiedby the customer.
If the voltage is not specified, the rating of the in-
stalled fuse will be selected according to the country
of destination.
For Option 001 only, two type BNC-to-banana-plug
adapters (HP 5021-0844) are also supplied for use
when double-ended inputs
or outputs are desired. The
conductor of the banana jack is connected to the
center conductor
of the BNC adapter connector.
These adapters are used when the front-panel INPUT
or OUTPUT FLOAT switches are set to FLOAT.
1-18. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE
(Also refer to Service Accessories, Table 1-4.)
1-1 9. HP-I6 Controllers
The Distortion Analyzer has an HP-IB interface and
can be used with any HP-IB compatible computing
controller or computer for automatic systems
applications.
1-20. Front-to-Rear-Panel Connectors
This kit contains all the necessary components and
full instructions for converting instruments with
front-panel connections for INPUT and MONITOR
to rear-panel connections. Order HP part number
08903-60177. After installation and calibration, per-
formance will be identical
to the HP89033Option 001.
Retrofit Kit
1-4
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Model 89033
General Information
SPARE INTERNAL FUSES BNC TO BANANA PLUG ADAPTER
OPTION 909
RACK FLANGE AND FRONT
HANDLE COMBINATION KIT
OPTION 907
FRONT HANDLE KIT
OPTION 908
RACK FLANGE KIT
NOTE: Refer to ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED, for more details.
Figure 1-2. HP Model 8903E Accessories Supplied, and Options 907,908, and 909
1-5
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General Information
-
-
1-21. Rear-to-Front-Panel Connectors
Retrofit Kit
If
41
This kit contains all the necessary components and
full instructions for converting instruments with rear-
panel connections for INPUT and MONITOR to
front-panel connections. Order HPpart number 08903-
60178. After installation and calibration, performance
will be identical to the standard HP89033.
1-22. MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
AVAILABLE
1-23. Chassis Slide Mount Kit
This kit is extremely useful when the Distortion
Analyzer is rack mounted. Access
to internal circuits
and components
or the rear-panel is possible without
removing the instrument from the rack. Order HP
part number 1494-0060 for 431.8mm (17in.) fixed
slides, and part number 1494-0061 for the correct
adapters for non-HP rack enclosures.
1-24. Chassis Tilt Slide Mount Kit
This kit is the same as the Chassis Slide Mount Kit
above except it also allows the tilting of the instru-
ment up
or down 90". Order HP part number 1494-
0062 for 431.8mm
(17 in.) tilting slides, and part
number 1494-0061 for the correct adapters for non-
HP rack enclosures.
Model 89033
1-25. RECOMMENDED TEST EQUIPMENT
Table 1-3 lists the test equipment recommended for
use in testing, adjusting, and servicing the Distortion
Analyzer. If any of the recommended equipment is
unavailable, instruments with equivalent minimum
specifications may be substituted. Table 1-3also in-
cludes some alternate equipment listings.
1-26. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION FOR
SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM
The HP Model 89033 Distortion Analyzer combines
two instruments into one: a general purpose voltmeter
with a tunable notch filter at the input, and a
frequency counter. Measurements are managed by a
microprocessor-based Controller. This combination
forms an instrument that can make most common
measurements on audio circuits automatically.
To
add to its versatility, the Distortion Analyzer also
has selectable input filters, and HP-IB
programmability.
The operation of the instrument is described in the
following order: Voltmeter and Notch Filter, Counter,
and Controller. Refer to Figure 1-3.
1-27. Voltmeter and Notch Filter
The amplitude measurement path flows from the
INPUT connector to the MONITOR output (on the
frontpanel) and includes the Input and Output RMS/
Average Detectors, dc voltmeter (the Voltage-to-Time
Converter and Counter). Measurements are made on
-1 0 oonm D.
KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY
Figure 1-3. Simplified HP 8903E Distortion Analyzer Block Diagram
1-6
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Model 89033 General Information
the difference between the signals on the inner
conductor and shield of the INPUT connector
or,
for option 001, the HIGH and LOW connectors. Com-
bined differential and common-mode levels can be as
high as 300V. However, for safety purposes only 42V
maximum is allowed on the outer conductor of the
single BNC input connector when in the FLOAT
position.
The input signal is ac coupled for all measurement
modes except dc level. The signal
is scaled by the
Input Attenuator to a level of 3V
or less. To protect
the active circuits that follow, the Over-Voltage Pro-
tection circuit opens whenever its input exceeds 15V.
The differential signal
is converted to a single-ended
signal (that is, a signal referenced to ground) and
amplified. In the dc level mode, the dc voltage is
measured at this point by the dc voltmeter. The
signal is further amplified by a Programmable Gain
Amplifierwhich
is ac coupled. The gain of this ampli-
fier and the Differential-to-Single-Ended Amplifier
are programmed to keep the signal level going into
the Input Detector and Notch Filter between 1.7 and
3Vrms. This optimizes the effectivenessand accuracy
of the amplifiers, particularly in the distortion and
SINAD modes.
The output from the first Programmable Gain Ampli-
fier is converted to dc by the Ranging RMS Detector,
and measured by the dc voltmeter. The output of
this detector
is used to set the gain of the input
circuits. The signal then passes through the internal
plug-in HP/BP filters to the input RMS/Average
detector and becomes the numerator of the SINAD
measurement, and the denominator of the distortion
measurement (refer
to Basicsof Audio Measurements).
The Input RMS/Average Detector
is not used to
make the ac level measurement; the Output RMS/
Average Detector
is used for this measurement. For
dc level measurements, the Ranging RMS Detector
also monitors the ac component
(if there is one) and
lowers the gain of the input path
if the signal will
overload the input amplifiers; otherwise, the gain of
the input path is determined by measuring the dc
level.
At this point, one of the two internal plug-in
filters can be inserted into the signalpath. The 400
Hz
High-Pass Filter is usually used to suppress line hum,
or the low frequencysquelchtone used on some mobile
transceivers. The Weighting Filters have bandpass
frequency responses that simulate the “average” re-
sponse of human hearing. In the SINAD, distortion,
and distortion level modes, the frequency of the input
signal is counted at the output of the internal plug-in
HP/BP Filters.
When measuring SINAD, distortion, or distortion
level, the fundamental of the signal is removed by
the Notch Filter. The output from the filter is the
distortion and noise of the signal. In the ac level
mode, the Notch Filter
is bypassed. After amplifying
and low-pass filtering, the output from the Notch
Filter is converted to dc by the Output RMS/Average
Detector, and measured by the dc voltmeter.
When measuring distortion, distortion level, or
SINAD, the Notch Filter is automatically tuned to
the frequencycounted atthe input to the filter. Coarse
tuning is via the Controller. Fine tuning and balance
are via circuitry internal to the Notch Filter. In
SINAD mode, a front-panel key allows you to lock
the notch at a given input frequency,
so that the
notch will not become untuned in the presence
of
noise. The two Programmable Gain Amplifiers,
following the Notch Filter, amplify the low-level noise
and distortion signals from the Notch Filter. The
overall gain of the two amplifiers is normally set to
maintain a signal level of 0.3 to 3V
at the MONTIOR
output.
The 30 kHz and 80 kHz LP Filters are selected from
the Keyboard. With no low-pass filtering, the 3dB
bandwidth of the measurement system is approxi-
mately 750 kHz. The filters are most often used to
remove the high-frequency noise components in low-
frequency SINAD and distortion measurements. The
output from the second Programmable Gain Amplifier
drives the front-panel MONITOR output connector.
The frequency of this signal
is also measured by the
Counter in the ac level mode because of the increased
sensitivity at this point.
The Output Detector is read by the dc voltmeter in
the ac level, SINAD (the denominator), distortion
(the numerator), and distortion level modes.
It is also
used to set the gain of the two Programmable Gain
Amplifiers. Both the input and output detectors can
be configured via front-panel keys to respond to the
absolute average of the signal instead of the true rms
value. The Voltage-to-Time Converter converts the
dc inputs into a time interval which is measured by
the Counter.
1-28. Counter
The Counter is a reciprocal counter. To measure
frequency,
it counts the period of one or more cycles
of the signal at its input, then the Controller divides
the number of periods by the accumulated count.
The reference for the Counter
is the 2MHz Time
Base which also
is the clock for the Controller. The
Counter hasthree inputs and two modes of operation:
1-7
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