HPE FlexFabric 5800 Series User manual

HPE 5820X & 5800 Switch Series
IP Multicast
Configuration Guide
Part number: 5998-7383R
Software version: Release 1810
Document version: 6W100-20160129

© Copyright 2016 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP
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Contents
Multicast overview··························································································· 1
Information transmission techniques··········································································································1
Multicast features ·······································································································································3
Common notations in multicast ··················································································································4
Multicast advantages and applications ······································································································4
Multicast models ················································································································································4
Multicast architecture ·········································································································································5
Multicast addresses ···································································································································5
Multicast protocols ·····································································································································9
Multicast packet forwarding mechanism ··········································································································11
Multicast support for VPNs ······························································································································11
Introduction to VPN instances··················································································································11
Multicast application in VPNs···················································································································12
Configuring IGMP snooping·········································································· 13
Overview ··························································································································································13
IGMP snooping basic concepts················································································································13
How IGMP snooping operates ·················································································································15
IGMP snooping proxying··························································································································16
Protocols and standards ··························································································································18
IGMP snooping configuration task list··············································································································18
Configuring basic IGMP snooping functions ····································································································19
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································19
Enabling IGMP snooping ·························································································································19
Specifying the version of IGMP snooping ································································································20
Setting the maximum number of IGMP snooping forwarding entries·······················································20
Configuring static multicast MAC address entries····················································································21
Configuring IGMP snooping port functions ······································································································21
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································21
Setting aging timers for dynamic ports·····································································································22
Configuring static ports ····························································································································22
Configuring a port as a simulated member host ······················································································23
Enabling IGMP snooping fast-leave processing ······················································································24
Disabling a port from becoming a dynamic router port ············································································24
Configuring an IGMP snooping querier············································································································25
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································25
Enabling IGMP snooping querier ·············································································································25
Configuring parameters for IGMP queries and responses·······································································26
Configuring the source IP addresses for IGMP queries···········································································27
Configuring IGMP snooping proxying ··············································································································27
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································27
Enabling IGMP snooping proxying···········································································································27
Configuring the source IP addresses for the IGMP messages sent by the proxy····································28
Configuring IGMP snooping policies ················································································································28
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································28
Configuring a multicast group filter···········································································································28
Configuring multicast source port filtering ································································································29
Enabling dropping unknown multicast data······························································································30
Enabling IGMP report suppression ··········································································································31
Setting the maximum number of multicast groups that a port can join ····················································31
Enabling multicast group replacement ·····································································································32
Setting the 802.1p precedence for IGMP messages ···············································································33
Configuring a multicast user control policy·······························································································33
Enabling the IGMP snooping host tracking function ················································································34
Setting the DSCP value for IGMP messages···························································································34
Displaying and maintaining IGMP snooping ····································································································35
IGMP snooping configuration examples ··········································································································35

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Group policy and simulated joining configuration example (in a VLAN) ··················································36
Static port configuration example (in a VLAN) ·························································································38
IGMP snooping querier configuration example ························································································41
IGMP snooping proxying configuration example······················································································43
Multicast source and user control policy configuration example ······························································46
Troubleshooting IGMP snooping ·····················································································································50
Layer 2 multicast forwarding cannot function···························································································50
Configured multicast group policy fails to take effect ···············································································51
Appendix ··························································································································································51
Processing of multicast protocol messages ·····························································································51
Configuring PIM snooping············································································· 53
Overview ··························································································································································53
Configuring PIM snooping································································································································54
Displaying and maintaining PIM snooping ·······································································································54
PIM snooping configuration example (in a VLAN) ···························································································55
Troubleshooting PIM snooping ························································································································57
PIM snooping does not work····················································································································57
Some downstream PIM-capable routers cannot receive multicast data ··················································58
Configuring multicast VLANs ········································································ 59
Overview ··························································································································································59
Sub-VLAN-based multicast VLAN············································································································59
Port-based multicast VLAN ······················································································································60
Multicast VLAN configuration task list ··············································································································61
Configuring a sub-VLAN-based multicast VLAN······························································································61
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································61
Configuration guidelines···························································································································61
Configuration procedure···························································································································61
Configuring a port-based multicast VLAN ········································································································62
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································62
Configuring user port attributes················································································································62
Configuring multicast VLAN ports ············································································································63
Setting the maximum number of forwarding entries for multicast VLANs ························································64
Displaying and maintaining a multicast VLAN ·································································································64
Multicast VLAN configuration examples ··········································································································64
Sub-VLAN-based multicast VLAN configuration example ·······································································64
Port-based multicast VLAN configuration example··················································································68
Configuring multicast routing and forwarding················································ 72
Hardware compatibility·····································································································································72
Overview ··························································································································································72
RPF check mechanism ····························································································································72
Static multicast routes ······························································································································74
Multicast forwarding across unicast subnets····························································································76
Multicast traceroute··································································································································76
Configuration task list·······································································································································77
Enabling IP multicast routing ···························································································································78
Configuring multicast routing and forwarding···································································································78
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································78
Configuring static multicast routes ···········································································································79
Configuring a multicast routing policy ······································································································79
Configuring a multicast forwarding range·································································································80
Configuring the multicast forwarding table size························································································80
Tracing a multicast path ···························································································································81
Enabling multicast optimization················································································································81
Displaying and maintaining multicast routing and forwarding ··········································································82
Multicast routing and forwarding configuration examples ················································································83
RPF route change configuration example································································································83
RPF route creation configuration example·······························································································85
Multicast forwarding over a GRE tunnel···································································································87
Troubleshooting multicast routing and forwarding ···························································································91

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Static multicast route failure ·····················································································································91
Multicast data fails to reach receivers ······································································································91
Configuring IGMP ························································································· 92
Overview ··························································································································································92
IGMP versions··········································································································································92
IGMPv1 overview ·····································································································································92
IGMPv2 enhancements····························································································································94
IGMPv3 enhancements····························································································································94
IGMP SSM mapping ································································································································96
IGMP proxying ·········································································································································97
IGMP support for VPNs····························································································································97
Protocols and standards ··························································································································98
IGMP configuration task list ·····························································································································98
Configuring basic IGMP functions····················································································································98
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································99
Enabling IGMP ·········································································································································99
Specifying IGMP versions ······················································································································100
Configuring an interface as a static member interface···········································································100
Configuring a multicast group filter·········································································································101
Setting the maximum number of multicast groups that an interface can join·········································101
Adjusting IGMP performance·························································································································101
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································101
Configuring Router-Alert option handling methods ················································································102
Configuring IGMP query and response parameters···············································································103
Enabling IGMP fast-leave processing ····································································································105
Enabling the IGMP host tracking function ······························································································105
Setting the DSCP value for IGMP messages·························································································106
Configuring IGMP SSM mapping···················································································································106
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································106
Enabling SSM mapping··························································································································107
Configuring SSM mappings ···················································································································107
Configuring IGMP proxying····························································································································107
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································107
Enabling IGMP proxying ························································································································108
Configuring multicast forwarding on a downstream interface ································································108
Displaying and maintaining IGMP··················································································································109
IGMP configuration examples························································································································110
Basic IGMP functions configuration example·························································································110
SSM mapping configuration example ····································································································112
IGMP proxying configuration example ···································································································116
Troubleshooting IGMP ···································································································································117
No membership information exists on the receiver-side router······························································117
Membership information is inconsistent on the routers on the same subnet ·········································118
Configuring PIM ·························································································· 119
Overview ························································································································································119
PIM-DM ··················································································································································119
PIM-SM ··················································································································································121
BIDIR-PIM ··············································································································································127
Administrative scoping ···························································································································130
PIM-SSM················································································································································132
Relationship among PIM protocols ········································································································133
PIM support for VPNs ····························································································································134
Protocols and standards ························································································································134
Configuring PIM-DM ······································································································································134
PIM-DM configuration task list ···············································································································135
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································135
Enabling PIM-DM ···································································································································135
Enabling state-refresh capability ············································································································136
Configuring state-refresh parameters ····································································································136
Configuring PIM-DM graft retry period ···································································································137

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Configuring PIM-SM·······································································································································137
PIM-SM configuration task list················································································································137
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································138
Enabling PIM-SM ···································································································································138
Configuring an RP··································································································································139
Configuring a BSR ·································································································································141
Configuring administrative scoping ········································································································144
Configuring multicast source registration ·······························································································146
Disabling switchover to SPT ··················································································································147
Configuring BIDIR-PIM ··································································································································148
BIDIR-PIM configuration task list ···········································································································148
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································148
Enabling PIM-SM ···································································································································149
Enabling BIDIR-PIM ·······························································································································149
Configuring an RP··································································································································150
Configuring a BSR ·································································································································152
Configuring administrative scoping ········································································································155
Configuring PIM-SSM ····································································································································157
PIM-SSM configuration task list ·············································································································157
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································157
Enabling PIM-SM ···································································································································157
Configuring the SSM group range··········································································································158
Configuring common PIM features ················································································································159
Configuration task list·····························································································································159
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································159
Configuring a multicast data filter···········································································································160
Configuring a hello message filter··········································································································160
Configuring PIM hello options ················································································································161
Configuring the prune delay ···················································································································162
Configuring common PIM timers············································································································163
Configuring join/prune message sizes ···································································································164
Configuring PIM to work with BFD ·········································································································164
Setting the DSCP value for PIM messages ···························································································165
Displaying and maintaining PIM·····················································································································165
PIM configuration examples···························································································································167
PIM-DM configuration example··············································································································167
PIM-SM non-scoped zone configuration example ·················································································170
PIM-SM admin-scope zone configuration example················································································175
BIDIR-PIM configuration example··········································································································181
PIM-SSM configuration example············································································································186
Troubleshooting PIM······································································································································188
A multicast distribution tree cannot be built correctly ·············································································188
Multicast data abnormally terminated on an intermediate router ···························································189
RPs cannot join SPT in PIM-SM ············································································································190
RPT establishment failure or source registration failure in PIM-SM·······················································190
Configuring MSDP ······················································································ 192
Overview ························································································································································192
How MSDP operates······························································································································192
MSDP support for VPNs ························································································································197
Protocols and standards ························································································································197
MSDP configuration task list ··························································································································198
Configuring basic MSDP functions ················································································································198
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································198
Enabling MSDP······································································································································198
Creating an MSDP peer connection·······································································································199
Configuring a static RPF peer ················································································································199
Configuring an MSDP peer connection··········································································································200
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································200
Configuring MSDP peer description·······································································································200
Configuring an MSDP mesh group ········································································································200
Configuring MSDP peer connection control ···························································································201

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Configuring SA message related parameters ································································································202
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································202
Configuring SA message content···········································································································202
Configuring SA request messages·········································································································203
Configuring SA message filtering rules ··································································································203
Configuring the SA cache mechanism ···································································································204
Displaying and maintaining MSDP·················································································································205
MSDP configuration examples·······················································································································205
PIM-SM Inter-domain multicast configuration ························································································205
Inter-AS multicast configuration by leveraging static RPF peers ···························································210
Anycast RP configuration·······················································································································214
SA message filtering configuration·········································································································218
Troubleshooting MSDP··································································································································222
MSDP peers stay in down state ·············································································································222
No SA entries exist in the router's SA cache ·························································································222
Inter-RP communication faults in Anycast RP application ·····································································222
Configuring MBGP ······················································································ 224
Overview ························································································································································224
Protocols and standards ································································································································224
MBGP configuration task list ··························································································································224
Configuring basic MBGP functions ················································································································225
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································225
Configuration procedure·························································································································225
Controlling route advertisement and reception ······························································································225
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································226
Configuring MBGP route redistribution ··································································································226
Configuring default route redistribution into MBGP················································································226
Configuring MBGP route summarization································································································227
Advertising a default route to an IPv4 MBGP peer or peer group··························································227
Configuring outbound MBGP route filtering ···························································································228
Configuring inbound MBGP route filtering······························································································229
Configuring MBGP route dampening ·····································································································230
Configuring MBGP route attributes ················································································································230
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································230
Configuring MBGP route preferences ····································································································230
Configuring the default local preference ································································································231
Configuring the MED attribute················································································································231
Configuring the NEXT_HOP attribute ····································································································231
Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ·······································································································232
Tuning and optimizing MBGP networks·········································································································233
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································233
Configuring MBGP soft reset ·················································································································233
Enabling the MBGP ORF capability ·······································································································234
Configuring the maximum number of MBGP ECMP routes ···································································235
Configuring a large scale MBGP network ······································································································235
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································235
Configuring IPv4 MBGP peer groups·····································································································235
Configuring MBGP community···············································································································236
Configuring an MBGP route reflector ·····································································································237
Displaying and maintaining MBGP ················································································································237
Displaying MBGP ···································································································································237
Resetting MBGP connections ················································································································238
Clearing MBGP information ···················································································································239
MBGP configuration example ························································································································239
Configuring multicast VPN (available only on the HPE 5800)····················· 243
Overview ························································································································································243
MD-VPN overview··································································································································245
Multicast across VPNs ···························································································································247
M6VPE ···················································································································································249
Protocols and standards ························································································································250

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How MD-VPN works ······································································································································250
Share-MDT establishment ·····················································································································250
Share-MDT-based delivery ····················································································································253
MDT switchover ·····································································································································257
Multi-AS MD VPN···································································································································258
Multicast VPN configuration task list ··············································································································260
Configuring MD-VPN ·····································································································································261
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································261
Enabling IP multicast routing in a VPN instance ····················································································261
Configuring a share-group and an MTI binding······················································································261
Configuring MDT switchover parameters·······························································································262
Configuring the RPF vector feature········································································································263
Enabling data-group reuse logging ········································································································263
Configuring BGP MDT ···································································································································264
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································264
Configuring BGP MDT peers or peer groups ·························································································264
Configuring a BGP MDT route reflector ·································································································264
Specifying the source IP address for multicast across VPNs ········································································265
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································265
Configuration procedure·························································································································266
Displaying and maintaining multicast VPN ····································································································266
Multicast VPN configuration examples ··········································································································267
Single-AS MD VPN configuration···········································································································267
Multi-AS MD VPN configuration ·············································································································279
Multicast across VPNs configuration example (on the source-side PE) ················································292
Multicast across VPNs configuration example (on the receiver-side PE) ··············································294
M6VPE configuration example···············································································································295
Troubleshooting MD-VPN configuration ········································································································302
A share-MDT cannot be established······································································································302
An MVRF cannot be created··················································································································302
Configuring MLD snooping ········································································· 304
Overview ························································································································································304
Basic concepts in MLD snooping ···········································································································304
How MLD snooping operates·················································································································306
MLD snooping proxying ·························································································································307
Protocols and standards ························································································································308
MLD snooping configuration task list ·············································································································308
Configuring basic MLD snooping functions····································································································309
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································309
Enabling MLD snooping ·························································································································309
Specifying the version of MLD snooping································································································310
Setting the maximum number of MLD snooping forwarding entries ······················································310
Configuring IPv6 static multicast MAC address entries ·········································································311
Configuring MLD snooping port functions······································································································312
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································312
Configuring aging timers for dynamic ports····························································································312
Configuring static ports ··························································································································313
Configuring a port as a simulated member host ····················································································313
Enabling MLD snooping fast-leave processing ······················································································314
Disabling a port from becoming a dynamic router port ··········································································315
Configuring an MLD snooping querier ···········································································································315
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································316
Enabling MLD snooping querier·············································································································316
Configuring parameters for MLD queries and responses ······································································316
Configuring the source IPv6 addresses for MLD queries·······································································317
Configuring MLD snooping proxying··············································································································318
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································318
Enabling MLD snooping proxying ··········································································································318
Configuring the source IPv6 addresses for the MLD messages sent by the proxy································318
Configuring an MLD snooping policy ·············································································································319
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································319

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Configuring an IPv6 multicast group filter ······························································································319
Configuring IPv6 multicast source port filtering······················································································320
Enabling dropping unknown IPv6 multicast data ···················································································320
Enabling MLD report suppression··········································································································321
Setting the maximum number of multicast groups that a port can join ··················································321
Enabling IPv6 multicast group replacement···························································································322
Setting the 802.1p precedence for MLD messages ···············································································323
Configuring an IPv6 multicast user control policy ··················································································323
Enabling the MLD snooping host tracking function ················································································324
Setting the DSCP value for MLD messages ··························································································325
Displaying and maintaining MLD snooping ····································································································325
MLD snooping configuration examples··········································································································326
IPv6 group policy and simulated joining configuration example (in a VLAN) ·········································326
Static port configuration example (in a VLAN) ·······················································································328
MLD snooping querier configuration example (in a VLAN) ····································································331
MLD snooping proxying configuration example (in a VLAN)··································································333
IPv6 multicast source and user control policy configuration example (in a VLAN) ································336
Troubleshooting MLD snooping ·····················································································································341
Layer 2 multicast forwarding cannot function·························································································341
Configured IPv6 multicast group policy fails to take effect·····································································341
Appendix ························································································································································342
Processing of IPv6 multicast protocol messages···················································································342
Configuring IPv6 PIM snooping ·································································· 343
Overview ························································································································································343
Configuring IPv6 PIM snooping ·····················································································································344
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 PIM snooping·····························································································344
IPv6 PIM snooping configuration example (in a VLAN) ·················································································345
Troubleshooting IPv6 PIM snooping ··············································································································347
IPv6 PIM snooping does not work··········································································································347
Some downstream IPv6 PIM-capable routers cannot receive multicast data ········································348
Configuring IPv6 multicast VLANs ······························································ 349
Overview ························································································································································349
IPv6 multicast VLAN configuration task list····································································································351
Configuring a sub-VLAN-based IPv6 multicast VLAN ···················································································351
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································351
Configuration guidelines·························································································································351
Configuration procedure·························································································································351
Configuring a port-based IPv6 multicast VLAN······························································································352
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································352
Configuring user port attributes··············································································································352
Configuring IPv6 multicast VLAN ports ··································································································353
Setting the maximum number of forwarding entries for IPv6 multicast VLANs··············································354
Displaying and maintaining an IPv6 multicast VLAN ·····················································································354
IPv6 multicast VLAN configuration examples ································································································354
Sub-VLAN-based multicast VLAN configuration example ·····································································354
Port-based multicast VLAN configuration example················································································358
Configuring IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding······································ 362
Overview ························································································································································362
RPF check mechanism ··························································································································362
IPv6 multicast forwarding across IPv6 unicast subnets ·········································································364
Configuration task list·····································································································································365
Enabling IPv6 multicast routing······················································································································365
Configuring IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding ························································································366
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································366
Configuring an IPv6 multicast routing policy ··························································································366
Configuring an IPv6 multicast forwarding range ····················································································367
Configuring the IPv6 multicast forwarding table size ·············································································367
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding ································································368
IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding configuration example········································································369

viii
Troubleshooting IPv6 multicast policy configuration ······················································································373
Abnormal termination of IPv6 multicast data··························································································373
Configuring MLD ························································································· 374
Overview ························································································································································374
MLD versions ·········································································································································374
How MLDv1 operates·····························································································································374
How MLDv2 operates·····························································································································376
MLD message types ······························································································································377
MLD SSM mapping ································································································································379
MLD proxying ·········································································································································380
MLD support for VPNs ···························································································································381
Protocols and standards ························································································································381
MLD configuration task list·····························································································································381
Configuring basic MLD functions ···················································································································382
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································382
Enabling MLD·········································································································································382
Configuring the MLD version··················································································································383
Configuring an interface as a static member interface···········································································383
Configuring an IPv6 multicast group filter ······························································································384
Setting the maximum number of IPv6 multicast groups that an interface can join·································384
Adjusting MLD performance ··························································································································385
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································385
Configuring Router-Alert option handling methods ················································································385
Configuring MLD query and response parameters ················································································386
Enabling MLD fast-leave processing······································································································388
Enabling the MLD host tracking function································································································389
Setting the DSCP value for MLD messages ··························································································389
Configuring MLD SSM mapping ····················································································································389
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································390
Enabling MLD SSM mapping ·················································································································390
Configuring MLD SSM mappings···········································································································390
Configuring MLD proxying ·····························································································································390
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································390
Enabling MLD proxying ··························································································································391
Configuring IPv6 multicast forwarding on a downstream interface ························································391
Displaying and maintaining MLD ···················································································································392
MLD configuration examples ·························································································································393
Basic MLD functions configuration example ··························································································393
MLD SSM mapping configuration example····························································································395
MLD proxying configuration example·····································································································398
Troubleshooting MLD·····································································································································400
No member information exists on the receiver-side router ····································································400
Membership information is inconsistent on the routers on the same subnet ·········································401
Configuring IPv6 PIM ·················································································· 402
Overview ························································································································································402
IPv6 PIM-DM··········································································································································402
IPv6 PIM-SM ··········································································································································405
IPv6 BIDIR-PIM······································································································································410
IPv6 administrative scoping ···················································································································413
IPv6 PIM-SSM········································································································································415
Relationship among IPv6 PIM protocols ································································································416
IPv6 PIM support for VPNs ····················································································································417
Protocols and standards ························································································································417
Configuring IPv6 PIM-DM ······························································································································417
IPv6 PIM-DM configuration task list ·······································································································418
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································418
Enabling IPv6 PIM-DM···························································································································418
Enabling state-refresh capability ············································································································418
Configuring state refresh parameters·····································································································419
Configuring IPv6 PIM-DM graft retry period ···························································································419

ix
Configuring IPv6 PIM-SM ······························································································································420
IPv6 PIM-SM configuration task list ·······································································································420
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································421
Enabling IPv6 PIM-SM ···························································································································421
Configuring an RP··································································································································422
Configuring a BSR ·································································································································424
Configuring IPv6 administrative scoping ································································································427
Configuring IPv6 multicast source registration·······················································································428
Disabling switchover to SPT ··················································································································429
Configuring IPv6 BIDIR-PIM ··························································································································430
IPv6 BIDIR-PIM configuration task list ···································································································430
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································430
Enabling IPv6 PIM-SM ···························································································································431
Enabling IPv6 BIDIR-PIM·······················································································································431
Configuring an RP··································································································································431
Configuring a BSR ·································································································································433
Configuring IPv6 administrative scoping ································································································436
Configuring IPv6 PIM-SSM ····························································································································438
IPv6 PIM-SSM configuration task list ·····································································································438
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································438
Enabling IPv6 PIM-SM ···························································································································438
Configuring the IPv6 SSM group range ·································································································439
Configuring common IPv6 PIM features ········································································································440
Configuration task list·····························································································································440
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································440
Configuring an IPv6 multicast data filter·································································································441
Configuring a hello message filter··········································································································441
Configuring IPv6 PIM hello options ········································································································442
Configuring the prune delay timer ··········································································································443
Configuring common IPv6 PIM timers····································································································443
Configuring join/prune message sizes ···································································································445
Configuring IPv6 PIM to work with BFD ·································································································445
Setting the DSCP value for IPv6 PIM messages ···················································································446
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 PIM ············································································································446
IPv6 PIM configuration examples ··················································································································447
IPv6 PIM-DM configuration example······································································································447
IPv6 PIM-SM non-scoped zone configuration example ·········································································450
IPv6 PIM-SM admin-scope zone configuration example ·······································································455
IPv6 BIDIR-PIM configuration example··································································································468
IPv6 PIM-SSM configuration example ···································································································472
Troubleshooting IPv6 PIM······························································································································475
A multicast distribution tree cannot be built correctly ·············································································475
IPv6 multicast data is abnormally terminated on an intermediate router ···············································476
RPs cannot join the SPT in IPv6 PIM-SM ······························································································476
RPT cannot be established or a source cannot register in IPv6 PIM-SM ··············································477
Configuring IPv6 MBGP·············································································· 478
Overview ························································································································································478
IPv6 MBGP configuration task list··················································································································478
Configuring basic IPv6 MBGP functions ········································································································479
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································479
Configuring an IPv6 MBGP peer············································································································479
Configuring a preferred value for routes from a peer or a peer group ···················································479
Controlling route distribution and reception ···································································································480
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································480
Injecting a local IPv6 MBGP route ·········································································································480
Configuring IPv6 MBGP route redistribution ··························································································480
Configuring IPv6 MBGP route summarization ·······················································································481
Advertising a default route to a peer or peer group················································································481
Configuring outbound IPv6 MBGP route filtering ···················································································481
Configuring inbound IPv6 MBGP route filtering ·····················································································482
Configuring IPv6 MBGP route dampening ·····························································································483

x
Configuring IPv6 MBGP route attributes········································································································483
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································484
Configuring IPv6 MBGP route preferences····························································································484
Configuring the default local preference ································································································484
Configuring the MED attribute················································································································484
Configuring the NEXT_HOP attribute ····································································································485
Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ·······································································································485
Tuning and optimizing IPv6 MBGP networks·································································································486
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································486
Configuring IPv6 MBGP soft reset ·········································································································486
Enabling the IPv6 MBGP ORF capability·······························································································487
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes···············································································488
Configuring a large scale IPv6 MBGP network ······························································································488
Configuration prerequisites ····················································································································488
Configuring an IPv6 MBGP peer group··································································································488
Configuring IPv6 MBGP community·······································································································489
Configuring an IPv6 MBGP route reflector·····························································································490
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 MBGP ········································································································490
Displaying IPv6 MBGP···························································································································490
Resetting IPv6 MBGP connections ········································································································491
Clearing IPv6 MBGP information ···········································································································492
IPv6 MBGP configuration example ················································································································492
Document conventions and icons ······························································· 495
Conventions ···················································································································································495
Network topology icons··································································································································496
Support and other resources ······································································ 497
Accessing Hewlett Packard Enterprise Support ····························································································497
Accessing updates·········································································································································497
Websites ················································································································································498
Customer self repair·······························································································································498
Remote support······································································································································498
Documentation feedback ·······················································································································498
Index ··········································································································· 499

1
Multicast overview
As a technique that coexists with unicast and broadcast, the multicast technique effectively
addresses the issue of point-to-multipoint data transmission. By enabling high-efficiency
point-to-multipoint data transmission over a network, multicast greatly saves network bandwidth and
reduces network load.
Using multicast technology, a network operator can easily provide bandwidth-critical and time-critical
information services. These services include live webcasting, Web TV, distance learning,
telemedicine, Web radio, and real-time video conferencing.
Unless otherwise stated, the term "multicast" in this document refers to IP multicast.
Information transmission techniques
The information transmission techniques include unicast, broadcast, and multicast.
Unicast
In unicast transmission, the information source must send a separate copy of information to each
host that needs the information.
Figure 1 Unicast transmission
In Figure 1, assume that Host B, Host D and Host E need the information. A separate transmission
channel must be established from the information source to each of these hosts.
In unicast transmission, the traffic transmitted over the network is proportional to the number of hosts
that need the information. If a large number of hosts need the information, the information source
must send a separate copy of the same information to each of these hosts. Sending many copies
can place a tremendous pressure on the information source and the network bandwidth.
Unicast is not suitable for batch transmission of information.
Source
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Host A
Host B
Host C
Host D
Host E
Packets for Host B
Packets for Host D
Packets for Host E
IP network

2
Broadcast
In broadcast transmission, the information source sends information to all hosts on the subnet, even
if some hosts do not need the information.
Figure 2 Broadcast transmission
In Figure 2, assume that only Host B, Host D, and Host E need the information. If the information is
broadcast to the subnet, Host A and Host C also receive it. In addition to information security issues,
broadcasting to hosts that do not need the information also causes traffic flooding on the same
subnet.
Broadcast is disadvantageous in transmitting data to specific hosts. Moreover, broadcast
transmission is a significant waste of network resources.
Multicast
Unicast and broadcast techniques cannot provide point-to-multipoint data transmissions with the
minimum network consumption.
Multicast transmission can solve this problem. When some hosts on the network need multicast
information, the information sender, or multicast source, sends only one copy of the information.
Multicast distribution trees are built through multicast routing protocols, and the packets are
replicated only on nodes where the trees branch.

3
Figure 3 Multicast transmission
As shown in Figure 3, the multicast source sends only one copy of the information to a multicast
group. Host B, Host D and Host E, which are receivers of the information, must join the multicast
group. The routers on the network duplicate and forward the information based on the distribution of
the group members. Finally, the information is correctly delivered to Host B, Host D, and Host E.
To summarize, multicast has the following advantages:
•Advantages over unicast—Multicast traffic is replicated and distributed until it flows to the
farthest-possible node from the source. The increase of receiver hosts will not remarkably
increase the load of the source or the usage of network resources
•Advantages over broadcast—Multicast data is sent only to the receivers that need it. This
reasonably uses network bandwidth and enhances network security. In addition, multicast data
is not confined to the same subnet.
Multicast features
Multicast transmission has the following features:
•A multicast group is a multicast receiver set identified by an IP multicast address. Hosts join a
multicast group to become members of the multicast group before they can receive the
multicast data addressed to that multicast group. Typically, a multicast source does not need to
join a multicast group.
•An information sender is called a "multicast source." A multicast source can send data to
multiple multicast groups at the same time. Multiple multicast sources can send data to the
same multicast group at the same time.
•All hosts that have joined a multicast group become members of the multicast group. The group
memberships are dynamic. Hosts can join or leave multicast groups at any time. Multicast
groups are not subject to geographic restrictions.
•Routers or Layer 3 switches that support Layer 3 multicast are called "multicast routers" or
"Layer 3 multicast devices." In addition to providing the multicast routing function, a multicast
router can also manage multicast group memberships on stub subnets with attached group
members. A multicast router itself can be a multicast group member.
For a better understanding of the multicast concept, you can compare multicast transmission to the
transmission of TV programs as shown in Table 1.

4
Table 1 Comparing TV program transmission and multicast transmission
TV transmission Multicast transmission
A TV station transmits a TV program through a
channel.
A multicast source sends multicast data to a multicast
group.
A user tunes the TV set to the channel. A receiver joins the multicast group.
The user starts to watch the TV program
transmitted by the TV station through the
channel.
The receiver starts to receive the multicast data that the
source is sending to the multicast group.
The user turns off the TV set or tunes to another
channel.
The receiver leaves the multicast group or joins another
group.
Common notations in multicast
The following notations are commonly used in multicast transmission:
•(*, G)—Rendezvous point tree (RPT), or a multicast packet that any multicast source sends to
multicast group G. Here, the asterisk represents any multicast source, and "G" represents a
specific multicast group.
•(S, G)—Shortest path tree (SPT), or a multicast packet that multicast source S sends to
multicast group G. Here, "S" represents a specific multicast source, and "G" represents a
specific multicast group.
For more information about the concepts RPT and SPT, see "Configuring PIM"and "Configuring
IPv6 PIM."
Multicast advantages and applications
Multicast advantages
Advantages of the multicast technique include the following:
•Enhanced efficiency—Reduces the processor load of information source servers and network
devices.
•Optimal performance—Reduces redundant traffic.
•Distributed application—Enables point-to-multipoint applications at the price of minimum
network resources.
Multicast applications
The scenarios in which the multicast technique can be effectively applied are:
•Multimedia and streaming applications, such as Web TV, Web radio, and real-time video/audio
conferencing
•Communication for training and cooperative operations, such as distance learning and
telemedicine
•Data warehouse and financial applications (stock quotes)
•Any other point-to-multipoint application for data distribution
Multicast models
Based on how the receivers treat the multicast sources, the multicast models include any-source
multicast (ASM), source-filtered multicast (SFM), and source-specific multicast (SSM).

5
ASM model
In the ASM model, any sender can send information to a multicast group as a multicast source.
Receivers can join a multicast group (identified by a group address) and obtain multicast information
addressed to that multicast group. In this model, receivers do not know the positions of the multicast
sources in advance. However, they can join or leave the multicast group at any time.
SFM model
The SFM model is derived from the ASM model. To a sender, the two models appear to have the
same multicast membership architecture.
The SFM model functionally extends the ASM model. The upper-layer software examines the source
address of received multicast packets and permits or denies multicast traffic from specific sources.
Therefore, receivers can receive the multicast data from only part of the multicast sources. To a
receiver, not all multicast sources are valid because they are filtered.
SSM model
Users might be interested in the multicast data from only certain multicast sources. The SSM model
provides a transmission service that enables users to specify the multicast sources that they are
interested in at the client side.
In the SSM model, receivers have already determined the locations of the multicast sources. This is
the main difference between the SSM model and the ASM model. In addition, a different multicast
address range than the ASM/SFM model is used in the SSM model. Dedicated multicast forwarding
paths are established between receivers and the specified multicast sources.
Multicast architecture
IP multicast addresses the following issues:
•Where should the multicast source transmit information to? (Multicast addressing.)
•What receivers exist on the network? (Host registration.)
•Where is the multicast source that provides data to the receivers? (Multicast source discovery.)
•How should information be transmitted to the receivers? (Multicast routing.)
IP multicast is an end-to-end service. The multicast architecture involves the following parts:
•Addressing mechanism—A multicast source sends information to a group of receivers
through a multicast address.
•Host registration—Receiver hosts can join and leave multicast groups dynamically. This
mechanism is the basis for management of group memberships.
•Multicast routing—A multicast distribution tree (a forwarding path tree for multicast data on the
network) is constructed for delivering multicast data from a multicast source to receivers.
•Multicast applications—A software system that supports multicast applications, such as video
conferencing, must be installed on multicast sources and receiver hosts. The TCP/IP stack
must support reception and transmission of multicast data.
Multicast addresses
Network-layer multicast addresses (multicast IP addresses) enables communication between
multicast sources and multicast group members. In addition, a technique must be available to map
multicast IP addresses to link-layer multicast MAC addresses.
IP multicast addresses
•IPv4 multicast addresses:

6
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) assigned the Class D address space (224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255) for IPv4 multicast.
Table 2 Class D IP address blocks and description
Address block Description
224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255
Reserved permanent group addresses. The IP address 224.0.0.0
is reserved. Other IP addresses can be used by routing protocols
and for topology searching, protocol maintenance, and so
on. Table 3 lists common permanent group addresses. A packet
destined for an address in this block is not forwarded beyond the
local subnet regardless of the Time to Live (TTL) value in the IP
header.
224.0.1.0 to 238.255.255.255
Globally scoped group addresses. This block includes the
following types of designated group addresses:
•232.0.0.0/8—SSM group addresses.
•233.0.0.0/8—Glop group addresses.
239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
Administratively scoped multicast addresses. These addresses
are considered locally unique rather than globally unique, and can
be reused in domains administered by different organizations
without causing conflicts. For more information, see RFC 2365.
NOTE:
"Glop" is a mechanism for assigning multicast addresses between different ASs. By filling an AS
number into the middle two bytes of 233.0.0.0, you get 255 multicast addresses for that AS. For
more information, see RFC 2770.
Table 3 Some reserved multicast addresses
Address Description
224.0.0.1 All systems on this subnet, including hosts and routers.
224.0.0.2 All multicast routers on this subnet.
224.0.0.3 Unassigned.
224.0.0.4 DVMRP routers.
224.0.0.5 OSPF routers.
224.0.0.6 OSPF designated routers and backup designated routers.
224.0.0.7 Shared Tree (ST) routers.
224.0.0.8 ST hosts.
224.0.0.9 RIPv2 routers.
224.0.0.11 Mobile agents.
224.0.0.12 DHCP server/relay agent.
224.0.0.13 All Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) routers.
224.0.0.14 RSVP encapsulation.
224.0.0.15 CBT routers.
224.0.0.16 Designated SBM.
224.0.0.17 All SBMs.
224.0.0.18 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP).

7
•IPv6 multicast addresses:
Figure 4 IPv6 multicast format
The following describes the fields of an IPv6 multicast address as shown in Figure 4:
{0xFF—The most significant eight bits are 11111111, which indicates that this address is an
IPv6 multicast address.
{Flags—The Flags field contains four bits as shown in Figure 5 and described in Table 4.
Figure 5 Flags field format
Table 4 Flags field description
Bit Description
0 Reserved, set to 0.
R
•When set to 0, it indicates that this address is an IPv6
multicast address without an embedded RP address.
•When set to 1, it indicates that this address is an IPv6
multicast address with an embedded RP address. (The P
and T bits must also be set to 1.)
P
•When set to 0, it indicates that this address is an IPv6
multicast address not based on a unicast prefix.
•When set to 1, it indicates that this address is an IPv6
multicast address based on a unicast prefix. (The T bit must
also be set to 1.)
T
•When set to 0, it indicates that this address is an IPv6
multicast address permanently-assigned by IANA.
•When set to 1, it indicates that this address is a transient, or
dynamically assigned IPv6 multicast address.
{Scope—The Scope field contains four bits, which indicate the scope of the IPv6
internetwork for which the multicast traffic is intended. Table 5 describes the values of the
Scope field.
Table 5 Values of the Scope field
Value Meaning
0, F Reserved.
1 Interface-local scope.
2 Link-local scope.
3 Subnet-local scope.
4 Admin-local scope.
5 Site-local scope.

8
Value Meaning
6, 7, 9 through D Unassigned.
8 Organization-local scope.
E Global scope.
{Group ID—The Group ID field contains 112 bits. It uniquely identifies an IPv6 multicast
group in the scope that the Scope field defines.
Ethernet multicast MAC addresses
A multicast MAC address identifies a group of receivers at the data link layer.
•IPv4 multicast MAC addresses:
As defined by IANA, the most significant 24 bits of an IPv4 multicast MAC address are
0x01005E. Bit 25 is 0, and the other 23 bits are the least significant 23 bits of a multicast IPv4
address.
Figure 6 IPv4-to-MAC address mapping
As shown in Figure 6, the most significant four bits of a multicast IPv4 address are 1110, which
indicates that this address is a multicast address. Only 23 bits of the remaining 28 bits are
mapped to a MAC address, so five bits of the multicast IPv4 address are lost. As a result, 32
multicast IPv4 addresses map to the same IPv4 multicast MAC address. Therefore, in Layer 2
multicast forwarding, a switch might receive some multicast data destined for other IPv4
multicast groups. The upper layer must filter such redundant data.
•IPv6 multicast MAC addresses:
As shown in Figure 7, the most significant 16 bits of an IPv6 multicast MAC address are 0x3333.
The least significant 32 bits are the least significant 32 bits of a multicast IPv6 address.
Figure 7 An example of IPv6-to-MAC address mapping