IKA C 1 User manual

IKA®Calorimeter C 1
20000004724
Operating instructions EN
C 1_042016

2
EN
We declare under our sole responsibility that this product is in compliance with the regulations 2014/68/EC (article 3, (3)), 2011/65/EU,
2014/30/EU and 2014/35/EU and conforms to the standards or standardized documents: EN 61010-1, EN 61326-1, EN 60529 and EN ISO
12100.
Declaration of Conformity
Explication of warning symbols
User notes
The warranty does not cover worn out parts, nor does it apply
to faults resulting from improper use, insucient care or
maintenance not carried out in accordance with the instructions
in this operating manual.
Please read these operating instructions carefully. IKA
®
only
consider themselves to be responsible for the safety, reliability
and performance of the appliance when
• the appliance has been operated in accordance with the
operating instructions,
• only persons authorised by the manufacturer interfere with
the
appliance,
• only original parts and original accessories are used for repairs.
The calorimeter system may be opened only by an authorised
Service Agent or Customer Service Centre.
If service is required, we recommend that you contact our
customer service department. Furthermore, we refer you to the
applicable safety conditions and accident requirements.
IKA
®
is not responsible for damages or costs resulting from
accident, improper use of the device or impermissible modifications,
repairs or renovations.
Read the operation instructions completely before
starting up and follow the safety instructions.
Keep the operation instructions in a place where they can be
accessed by everyone.
Ensure that only trained staff work with the appliance.
Follow the safety instructions, guidelines, occupational health and
safety and accident prevention regulations.
In this chapter you can find out how to work through these
Operating Instructions most effectively to be able to work reliably
with the calorimeter system.
The instructions in the section “Safety instructions“ must
be complied with.
The chapters are designed for you to work through them in order.
The section “Transport, storage“ is relevant for system reliability
and for ensuring high measuring accuracy.
The calorimeter system is ready to perform measurements once
you have completed the procedures in the section “Setting up
and commissioning“: - “Preparing a measurement“ and “Starting
a measurement“.
Numbers 1, 2, 3 etc. indicate operating instructions in the
following sections. These must always be carried out in the
specified sequence.
Warranty and liability
In accordance with IKA
®
warranty conditions, the warranty period
is 12 months. For claims under the warranty please contact your
local dealer. You may also send the machine direct to our factory,
enclosing the delivery invoice and giving reasons for the claim.
You will be liable for freight costs.
DANGER
CAUTION
WARNING
NOTICE
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation, which, if not avoided, will result in death, serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which, if not avoided, can result in death, serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which, if not avoided, can result in injury.
Indicates practices which, if not avoided, can result in equipment damage.
Reference to exposure to a hot surface!
DANGER

3
Page
Declaration of Conformity 02
Explication of warning symbols 02
User notes 02
Contents 03
Safety instructions 04
Correct use 05
System properties 05
Transportation, Storage 06
Transport and Storage conditions 06
Unpacking 06
Scope of delivery 06
Description of the system components 06
Hoses 07
Commissioning 07
Place of installation 07
Cooler connection 08
Venting hose connection 08
Drain hose connection 08
Oxygen supply connection 08
Power supply unit connection 09
Connection of peripherals 09
Handling the unit 09
Control unit with display 10
Dialog box 11
System start 12
Switching on the system (in the open state) 12
Selection of language 12
Pressure test 13
Oxygen pressure 13
System check 13
Heating detected 14
Factory settings 14
Calorimetric measurements 14
Determination of gross calorific value 14
Corrections 15
Notes on the sample 15
Complete combustion 16
Calibration 16
Notes on calibration 16
Overview Main menu 17
Measurements 17
Default settings 17
Settings 17
Maintenance 18
Informations 18
Preparing and performing measurements 18
Performing the measurement 18
Placing the sample 19
Preparing a measurement 20
Close the calorimeter 20
Prerequisite checking for a measurement 21
Measurement procedure 21
Cleaning the inner vessel 23
Follow-up measurement 23
Display the storage overview 23
Use of a disposable crucible 23
Using a scale 24
Permissible weight entries 24
Cancel a measurement 25
Page
Measurements 25
New measurements 25
Last result 25
System test 26
Measurement archive 26
Measurement archive: Edit 27
Measurement archive: Print 27
Measurement archive: Delete 27
Measurement archive: Delete all 28
Calibration archive 28
Calibration archive: Edit 28
Calibration archive: C-Value selectin 29
Calibration archive: Print 29
Calibration archive: Delete 29
Default settings 30
Settings 30
Date / Time 30
Units 30
Display / Keypad 31
Inverted menu view 31
List view 31
Language 31
Accessories 32
Chiller test 32
Maintenance 32
Maintenance menu 32
Change seal 33
Stirrer test 33
O2System blow 33
Servo up 33
Servo down 33
Informations 33
User information: Memory 34
Prior to input a new measurement 34
After input a new measurement 34
Exchanging off wear parts 34
O2Valve seal change 34
Change ignition wire 35
Change ignition electrode 35
Change the main seal 35
Change ground electrode 36
Leak test with the system test 36
Fault and troubleshoot 36
E01 STIRRER 36
E02 COMMUNICATION 37
E03 DRIFT ALARM 37
E04 MINTEMPDIFF 37
E05 FILLWATER 37
E06 EMPTYWATER 38
E07 POSTWATERFILLING 38
E10 FILLWATER SENSOR 38
E11 SYSTEM OPEN 38
E12 PRESSURE 38
E13 HEATER 39
E16 MAXTEMPDIFF 39
Accessories and Consumables 39
Maintenance 40
Warranty 40
Technical data 41
Contents

4
Read the operating instructions in full before start-
ing up and follow the safety instructions.
Keep the operating instructions in a place where they can be
accessed by everyone.
Ensure that only trained staff work with the appliance.
The calorimeter C 1 may only be used for the determination of
calorific value of solid and liquid materials according to national
and international standards (eg DIN 51900, BS 1016 T5, ISO 1928,
ASTM 5468, ASTM 5865 and ASTM 4809).
The pressure vessel is integrated into the calorimeter C 1. The
maximum extra energy added to the pressure vessel must not
exceed 40,000 J (select the test mass accordingly). The permitted
operating pressure of 142 bar (14.2 MPa) must not be exceeded.
The maximum permitted operating temperature must not exceed
50 °C.
Only fill calorimeter system C 1 with oxygen to a maximum
pressure of 40 bar (4 MPa). Check the pressure setting on the
pressure reducer for your oxygen supply. Perform a leakage test
before each combustion process (see section “Leaktightness
testing with system test“).
Some materials tend to explode when combusted (e.g. due to
formation of peroxides), which could cause the decomposition
vessel to crack. The
IKA
®
C 1 calorimeter may not be used
for testing explosive samples.
If the burning behaviour of a material is unknown, it must be
tested before combustion in the inner vessel (risk of explosion).
If you are burning unknown samples, leave the room or keep
your distance from the calorimeter.
Benzoic acid may only be combusted in its pressed form! Flammable
dust and powder must be first pressed. Oven-dry dust and powder
such as splints, hay, straw etc. explode when combusted! Always
wet these materials first! Highly flammable liquids with a low
vapour pressure (e.g. tetramethyl dihydrogen disiloxane) must not
directly touch the cotton thread!
Please pay attention to the combustion of metal-containing
substances, that the permissible total energy input is not exceeded!
Furthermore, toxic combustion residue in the form of gases, ashes
or condensation, for example, is possible in the inner wall of the
inner vessel.
Observe the accident prevention requirements applicable to the
activity and the work station.
Wear your personal protective equipment.
DANGER When handling combustion sam-
ples, combustion residue and
auxiliary materials, please observe
the relevant safety regulations.
The following materials, for example, could pose a risk:
- corrosive
- highly flammable
- explosive
- bacteriologically contaminated
- toxic.
Please observe the relevant regulations when handling oxygen.
Warning: oxygen as a compressed gas is oxidising; intensively aids
combustion; can react violently with flammable materials.
Do not use oil or grease!
Tubes and screwed joints for oxygen must be kept free of grease.
DANGER Combustion gases are hazardous
to health, therefore the venting
hose must be connected to a suita-
ble gas cleaning system or extrac-
tion system.
DANGER Caution! In case of failure Error 04
”Min.Temp.Diff.“ the combustion
chamber could be hot after an ig-
nition/combustion, even though
the message ”No temperature in-
crease!“ is displayed.
At the end of the work period, close the main valve for the oxygen
supply.
Perform servicing work only when the equipment is depressurised.
When using stainless steel crucibles thoroughly check their condi-
tion after each experiment.
If the material gets thinner, the crucible may catch fire and dama-
ge the pressure vessel. Crucibles must not be used for more
than 25 combustions for safety reasons.
The EC Declaration of Conformity confirms that this pressure ves-
sel was manufactured by the Pressure Equipment Directive
2014/68/EC. (Article 3, paragraph 3).
The pressure vessel has undergone a pressure test with test pressure
of 203 bar (20.3 MPa) and a leakage test with oxygen at 40 bar.
Decomposition vessels are experiment autoclaves and must be tested
by a technical expert after each use. (see capture: “Maintenance“).
Individual use is understood here to include a series of experiments
performed under roughly the same conditions in terms of pressure
and temperature. Experiment autoclaves must be operated in special
chambers.
The pressure vessels must undergo repeated tests (internal tests and
pressure tests) performed by the technical expert. The frequency of
these tests is to be determined by the operator on the basis of experi-
ence, type of operation and the material used in the pressure vessel.
The declaration of conformity becomes invalid if mechanical
modifications are carried out to the experiment autoclaves or if
tightness can no longer be guaranteed as a result of major corro-
sion (e.g. pitting by halogens).
In particular the Thread on the lower part of the pressure vessel
and the nut are subject to considerable stress and must therefore
be checked regularly for wear. (see figure “Description of the sys-
tem components“).
The condition and function of the seals must be checked and en-
sured by way of a system test (see capture “system check“).
Check the seals for damage before each use (see chapter
“Maintenance“.
DANGER If the maintenance, and especially
the pressure testing, is not per-
formed or is performed incorrectly,
there is a risk the decomposition ves-
sel may burst or an uncontrolled in-
ternal fire may occur at the elec-
trodes which could burn away the
seals (oxyacetylene torch effect),
thus posing a risk to life and limb!
Only technical experts may perform pressure tests and service
work on the decomposition vessel.
Safety instructions

5
We recommend that you send the C 1 calorimeter system
to our factory for inspection, and if necessary, repair after
1000 tests or after one year or sooner depending on use.
For the purposes of these operating instructions a technical
expert is someone
1. who guarantees to conduct the tests properly on the
basis of his training, knowledge and experience gained
through practical work,
2. who is suciently reliable,
3. who is not subject to any instructions in terms of the test
activity,
4. who has suitable test equipment if necessary,
5. who can provide appropriate proof of the requirements
listed in 1.
National directives and laws must be observed for operating
pressure vessels!
Anyone operating a pressure vessel must keep it in a proper
condition, operate it properly, supervise it, carry out the necessary
maintenance and repair work immediately and implement the
safety measures required in the circumstances.
A pressure container must not be operated if it exhibits defects
that could endanger those working with it or third parties.
You can obtain a copy of the pressure vessel regulation from
Beuth Press.
The IKA
®
C 1 calorimeter system is used for calorific value deter-
mination of solid and liquid substances.
This is done by placing a known quantity of a substance in a de-
composition vessel which is surrounded by a water jacket. The
sample is then combusted in an oxygen atmosphere . The calorific
value of the sample can then be calculated from the resulting
increase in temperature, the sample mass and the known thermal
capacity of the overall system.
The C 1 calorimeter system is subject to the Pressure Vessel Direc-
tive 2014/68/EC. Comply with the safety instructions accordingly.
For adaptation to individual laboratory tasks, use original IKA
®
consumables and accessories.
System properties
The IKA
®
C 1 calorimeter is a combustion calorimeter for deter-
mining gross calorific values of liquid and solid non-explosive sub-
stances. The samples were burned at an excess of oxygen under
pressure in a closed vessel. The resulting amount of heat, measured
in a previously calibrated system, allows the determination of the
calorific value of the sample after preliminary various globally ap-
plied standards and regulations.
The necessary corrections after combustion in the calorimeter
can then, for example, about our CalWin®C 6040 calorimeter
software (accessories), from the acid corrections up to the calo-
rific value according to DIN, ISO, ASTM, GB, and GOST standards
typed, corrected and calculated. By a transfer of the results to
Excel can quickly and easily adapt special or own calculations.
The worldwide unique patented IKA
®
calorimeter C 1 operates on
the globally applied isoperibolic measurement procedure at 22 °C
and 30 °C. The temperature values are output every 12 seconds,
and the calculation of the temperature correction according to
standards Regnault Pfaundler.
Measurement times of the system:
- Sample preparation time: < 1 minute
-
from the start of measurement until the start of the next: 12 minutes
- Pre-experimental period: Response of the system 3 minutes
- Main experiment: after ignition of the sample: 4 minutes
To a supply of cooling water, the calorimeter can with a conven-
tional thermostat / cooler operate for example such as the
IKA
®
KV 600 (accessory).
Do not use distilled or demineralized water (increased risk
of corrosion)!
Fill the cooler according to the cooler operating instructions.
Cooling water temperature settings on the thermostat / cooler:
- in mode of opretaion isoperibol 22 °C: 18–21 °C
- in mode of opretaion isoperibol 30 °C: 26–29 °C
Alternatively, the device can also be operated via an optionally
available heating C 1.20 (accessories) at a fixed water connection.
The accessories for connection to the water pipe or the thermo-
stat is contained in the corresponding delivery.
Requirements for the operation of the C 1 with the C 1.20 heating
on a water pipe:
- tap water: is recommended in drinking tap water quality. Mix in
(max. 1 ml for 4-5 l of water) of the supplied water additive.
Thus, the durability of the water is improved.
- temperature range: 12 °C – 28 °C
(according to the water temperature, the measuring mode
22 °C or 30 °C must be selected).
- water pressure: max. 1 – 1.5 bar
(at higher or constant pressure, we recommend using the
C 25 water pressure regulating valve available as an
accessory)
- water consumption per measurement: about 4 liters
Automatic internal system checks enable the identification and
monitoring
• the presence of oxygen pressure
• the controlled stirrer speed
• the the availability of water in the system
• the input water temperature
• of inner vessel
• the correct shutter of the measuring cell with locking
• Ignition counter with memory function for the next due
maintenance
Correct use

6
Transport and Storage conditions
The system must be protected against mechanical impact, vibra-
tions, dust deposits and corrosive ambient air during transporta-
tion and storage. It is also important to ensure that the relative
humidity does not exceed 80%.
The appliance must be completely emptied before storing and
transportation.
In case of repair the device has to be cleaned and free from any
materials which may constitute a health hazard.
Unpacking
Please unpack the system components carefully and check for
any damage. When you unpack the equipment, check for any
damages which may have occurred during transportation.
In the case of any damage a fact report must be sent immediately
(post, rail or forwarder).
If you require servicing, return the appliance in its original packag-
ing. Storage packaging is not sucient. Please also use suitable
transport packaging.
•
IKA
®
C 1 Calorimeter
• Power supply unit
• Inflow conduit
• Return conduit
• Discharge hose
• Round cable clamp
• Connection tube
• Venting hose
• Mains cable
• 1 Tool
• 5 O-ring FPM 11.0 x 2.0
• 2 O-ring FPM 6.0 x 2.0
• 2 O-ring FPM 15.0 x 2.0
• 5 O-ring FPM 10.0 x 2.5
• 5 O-ring FPM 8.0 x 2.5
• 5 O-ring FPM 4.0 x 1.5
Interfaces on
rear of the unit
Controller unit with
display, Multifunctional
element and keybord
Inner vessel (IB)
Manual,
pivotable lift
A
A
A-A
Base
Ignition wire
Ground electrode
Ignition
electrode
Crucible
holder
Sectional view
inner vessel
Measuring cell as
a pressure vessel
Rotary
handle
Threaded nut
Threaded base
• 1 O-ring FPM 3.1 x 1.6
• 5 O-ring FPM 3.0 x 1.5
• 5 O-ring FPM 48.0 x 2.0
• 1 Quad-Ring NBR 92.0 x 4.5
• 1 X-Ring NBR 6,07 x 1,78
• C 1.104 water bath additive
• C 723 Benzoic acid
• C 1.1012 Organizer
• 4 base
• O-ring-grease Molykote 55
• Handle
• Operationg instructions C 1
• Safety instructions C 1/C 6000
• Technical information C 1
• Insert sheet C 1 (4 steps to use)
• Warranty card
C 1.1012
Organizer
Transportation, Storage
Scope of delivery
Description of the system components

7
Hoses
• Discharge hose
• Inflow conduit
• Return conduit
• Venting hose
• Connection tube
SW8
Cooler
C 1
C 1
Cooler
C 1
C 1
(O)
C 1
(degas)
(water in)
(water out)
(overflow)
filter 10m
Cooler
Exhaust
air
Pressure reducer C 29 Adapter
SW10
Place of installation
A constant ambient temperature is an important requirement
for ensuring the high measuring accuracy of the system. The
following conditions must therefore be fulfilled at the place of
installation:
• No direct solar radiation
• No draughts (e.g. beside windows, doors, air conditioning)
• Sucient distance to radiators and other heat sources
• The minimum distance between the wall and the rear side
of the device must be at least 25 cm.
• The system must not have laboratory hardware such as
shelves, wire ducts, ring lines, etc. installed above it.
• The (constant) room temperature should be around
20 °C ... 25 °C.
• The system must be set up on a horizontal surface.
For operation of the system the following must be available at the
place of installation:
- A power supply corresponding to the nameplates on the system
components,
- An oxygen supply (99.95 % pure oxygen, quality 3.5; pressure
30 bar) with pressure gauge.
A shut-off valve for the oxygen supply must be installed. Observe
the instructions on handling oxygen given in the chapter “Safety
instructions“.
Observe the instructions on handling oxygen given in the chapter
“Safety instructions“. Please read these operating instructions
carefully.
IKA
®
consider themselves responsible for the safety,
reliability and performance of the appliance only when
• the device has been operated in accordance with the
operating instructions
• the specifications for the place of installation have been met.
max. 1.5 bar
Commissioning

8
Cooler connection
1. Connect the inflow pipe to the
quick coupling to the “water
in“ (on the calorimeter) port.
Connect the other end of the
radiator side of “water out“
and tighten the hose clamp.
Inflow pipe
Return pipe
2. Connect the return pipe to the
quick coupling to the “water
out“ (on the calorimeter) port.
Connect the other end to
“water in“ (on the cooler) and
tighten the hose clamp.
Venting hose connection
1. Screw the venting hose to
to “degas“ screw coupling
(SW8; on the calorimeter) and
lay the free end in the extractor.
Connect the free end to a gas
scrabber gadget.
Venting hose
Observe the applicable safety regulations..
The combustion gases are vented from the decompstion vessel
after each combustion test on the vent hose. The vent hose must
not be kinked or pinched during installation.
3. Do not use distilled or demineralized water (increased
risk of corrosion)! Fill the cooler according to the cooler
operating instructions. is recommended in drinking tap water
quality. Mix in (max. 1 ml for 4-5 l of water) of the supplied
water additive. Thus, the durability of the water is improved..
4. Adjust the cooler temperature corresponding to the calori-
meter operating temperature.
Drain hose connection
1. Insert the drain hose fully into
the “tap-water“ connection
(on the calorimeter). Lay the
other end of the drain hose to
the cooler filler neck.
Drain hose
2. Secure the hose end with
an attachable adhesive
protection.
The hose end must always
have free access of air and
never immerse themselves
in the cool water!
Cooler
Oxygen supply connection
1. Insert the connection tube fully
into the coupling (“O2in“; on
the calorimeter) and connect
the free end on the pressure
reducer
IKA
®
C 29 (possibly
with the C 29 adapter, included with).
Connection tube allowable
operating pressure 40 bar
IKA
®
C 29 Pressure reducer
Combustion gases are dangerous
to health, so the venting hose
must be connected to a suitable
gas cleaning and extraction.
DANGER

9
Power supply unit connection
1. Connect the power supply
connecting cable (24 V)
NOTE: Note the correct inser-
tion position (flat side
of the connector
pointing to the right).
Connecting cable
The desktop power supply (scope of delivery) must not be placed
flat on the laboratory table. It must be protected against moisture
and water penetration and must not be wet.
2. Tape the supplied rubber feet
to the power supply.
Place the power supply on the
rubber feet.
Connect the connection cable
to the DC power supply to
your supply network
(100-240V AC 50/60 Hz).
flat side of the connector
Connection of peripherals
Heating: Control output for the connection of the
IKA
®
heating.
Scale: RS232 interface for connection of a scale
(Mettler, Ohaus, Sortorius, Kern)
Interface parameters: Baud rate: 1200
Data its: 7
Parity: odd
Stop its: 1
Handshake: none
PC/Printer: RS232 interface for connecting a PC to control
the C 1 (CalWin®C 6040) or a
printer to output the
measurement data.
Interface parameters: Baud rate: 9600
Data its: 8
Parity: none
Stop its: 1
Handshake: none
USB-B: USB device interface for connection the calori-
meters to the PC (CalWin®C 6040).
The connection simulates a serial interface on the
PC.
Installation:
After the C 1 was connected with the supplied
data cable to the PC, the C 1 tells the Windows
operating system, which device driver is required. 24 V =
Programming (Prog)
interface
USB-B (USB)
PC / Printer (PC)
Scale (balance)
Heating (ext)
This driver can be downloaded from the
IKA
®
website.
Find your driver at the following website:
http://www.ika.com/ika/lws/download/usb-driver.zip.
Programming- (only for service)
interface:
24V= 24 V Voltage input for the included power
supply table.
Handling the unit
1. Opening the unit
The closing of the unit in the reverse order
Q
h
h
1
2
Q

10
2. Removing the inner vessel
Inserting the inner vessel takes place in the reverse
order
h
3. Removing the inner vessel base
h
4. Switch on the device
Open the device and
switch the device on
and off with the front
power switch.
h
Display
Numbers
bloc
Del button
Multi-
function
element
Esc button
Display: View system information, test data, as well as
menus and dialog boxes for the data input
Numbers bloc: Entering numbers and decimal points
Del button: Deleting an entered character string to the left of
the cursor (eg the weight of a combustion
sample)
Multifunction element
Made possible by turning the scroll and select
menu items, as well as by pressing the Change
and confirm input values
Esc button: The Esc-(Escape) function is active in the menu
structure, the input window and input fields.
• In the menu structure (if any) change to the
parent menu
• In the input window is changed to the higher
level menu structure
• When the ESC button is pressed in an editable
field, the editing is finished and the original
value is restored.
Q
Control unit with display

11
Dialog box
The dialog boxes are equipped with the following elements:
Menu-heading Selected menu item
(blue) Scrollbar
Menu options resp. user notification
Editable
input field
(yellow)
Status field
• ‚Back‘:
Closing a info window without information input
values and return to the parent menu.
Also possible using [ESC].
• ‚Accept‘:
Closing a window. Changes made are saved by
the system.
• ‚Start‘:
Starting a measurement.
• ‚Details‘:
Detailed information during a running
measurement.
• ‚Graph‘:
View graph during a running
measurement.
Editable input field:
They can be enabled for value entry by pressing
the multi-function element. The background color
of the active field is indicated in yellow. By using
the numeric keys or by turning the multi-function
element, the input values can be changed.
Status field:
Display the device status, which is important for
the user and operation.
Menu-heading:
The name of the currently displayed window
Selected menu item:
The blue background (cursor) marks the selected
item. The position can be changed by
turning the multifunction element.
Scrollbar: If a menu window more entries can be displayed as
the current is displayed a scrollbar.
Turn the multi-function element, the other menu
items are visible.
User notifications:
Some windows have a field in the user notes will
be displayed.
Menu options:
They allow a “getting ahead“ from the current
window.
In the following example, the most frequently
displayed menu options are listed and described:
• “Break off“:
Closing a window, the changes made will not be
accepted by the system.
Also possible using [ESC].
On confirmation changes
will be applied
On confirmation
changes will not be
applied

12
A menu language has been selected, the splash screen will
change to the following information window:
INFO: Exceed the number of ignitions devices, the maximum
recommended number of ignition, a pressure test must
be performed with the device.
An additional information window is displayed.
See capture - “Pressure test“
INFO: If the oxygen pressure is too low, a corresponding user
information is displayed.
See capture - “Oxygen pressure too low“
By an verification (pressing the multifunction element) another
user information on the proper use of the system is shown.
Refer to the chapter “Care and Maintenance“.
INFO: When the system is closed, a purge routine is started.
See capture - “System check“
INFO: Has been selected in the settings menu under accessories
heating option, but this is not detected, user information
is displayed.
See capture - “Heating detection - System start“
Switching on the system (in the open state)
After switching on the calorimeter, first the initial screen with the
IKA
®
logo, the calorimeter-type and the software and firmware
version.
INFO: Upon initial system start, the menu language must be
selected.
See capture - “Selection of language“
Selection of language
System start

13
Pressure test
Oxygen pressure
Information screen: oxygen pressure is too low.
NOTE:
The calorimeter C 1 required for functionality an oxygen
pressure of at least 20 bar.
Reproducible measurements for a working pressure
of 30 bar is required.
System check
System start when the device is closed.
The system is brought through the system check in a safe
and completely deflated state. For this, the oxygen and water
discharge is performed.
Here, the following information screen is displayed:
INFO:During the system check detected no oxygen or the oxygen
pressure is too low, the following error message is displayed:
A pressure test must be performed after a decomposition vessel
has reached or exceeded the recommended number of ignition
cycles.
Once the pressure test has been performed a release code can be
entered to enable the unit to be used for further measurements.
The warning message will then disappear. The enable code can
be in the following screen, by pressing the “Next button“ to be
entered.
INFO:Using the unit may be further worked.
Contact for performing the pressure test, the
service department from
IKA
®
Works.
Observe the safety instructions!
[email protected]

14
Heating detected
If the use of heating selected C 1.20 (accessories) in the Setting
menu, but this is not recognized, the following user information
is displayed.
NOTE:
Check that the heater is correctly connected and turned on.
Factory settings
Settings:
• Menu: animated
• Color palette: white
• Key tones: on
• Date device: 01.01.2012
• Time device: 00:00:00 Uhr
• Units: J/g
• Heating: off
• Disposable crucible: no
• Printer: off
• Service Info: no
• Scale: off
Basic settings:
• C-value IB1: 0
• C-value IB2: 0
• Reference calorific value: 26457
• Start temperature: 22 °C
• HOCombustible crucible : 19839
• QExternally 1: 50
• QExternally 2: 0
• Controlled time: off
• Orinsing: off
• Cooling: on
• Prolonged venting: 0
As delivered, the C 1 calorimeter system is configured as follows:
Test condition
Combustion is carried out in a calorimeter under specific
conditions.
The
IKA
®
C 1 is filled with a weighed fuel sample, the fuel sample
is ignited and the temperature increase in the calorimeter system
measured.
The specific calorific value of the sample is calculated as follows:
• Weight of fuel sample
• Heat capacity (C-value) of calorimeter system
• Calculated temperature increase of water in the calorimeter
system
For complete combust on the inner vessel is filled with pure
oxygen (quality 3.5). The pressure of the oxygen atmosphere in
the inner vessel is max. 40 bar.
The exact determinat on of the gross calorific value of a
substance requires that the combust on proceed under precisely
defined conditons. The applicable standards are based on the
following assumptons:
• Depending on the start temperature that is set, the tempera-
ture of the fuel before the combustion is 20 °C upto 30 °C.
• The water contained in the fuel before the combustion and
the water that is formed when compounds comprising the
fuel containing hydrogen undergo combustion is present in
a liquid state.
• No oxidation of the atmospheric nitrogen has taken place.
• The gaseous products after combustion consist of oxygen,
nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and the oxidation
products of the sample.
• Solid substances may be formed (for example ash).
Often, however, the combustion products that form the basis
of the standards are not the only products that are formed. In
such cases, an analysis of the fuel sample and the products of
combustion are necessary to provide data for a correction cal-
culation. The standard gross calorific value is then determined
from the measured gross calorific value and the analysis data.
The gross calorifc value Ho is formed as the quotient of the
amount of heat liberated upon total combustion of a solid or
liquid fuel and the weight of the fuel sample. The compounds
comprising the fuel that contain water must be present in liquid
state after the combustion.
The heat value Hu is equal to the gross calorific value less
the energy of condensation of the water that was contained
in the fuel and was formed by the combustion. The heat value
is the more important quantity for technical purposes, since in
all important technical applications, the heat value is the only
quantity that can be evaluated in terms of energy.
For information on the fundamental principles of calcula-
tion for gross calorific value and heat value, please refer
to the applicable standards (for example: DIN 51 900;
ASTM D 240;ASTM D 1989, ISO 1928).
Determination of gross calorific value
Calorimetric measurements

15
Fuel
sample
Burning
aid
Igniter
Formation of
sulphuric acid Formation of nitric acid
Heat quantity from:
External energy
Corrections
As determined by the system, during a combustion experiment,
not only is heat generated from the combustion of the
sample, but heat also occurs in the form of extraneous energy.
This may fluctuate considerably in proportion to the heat energy
of the fuel sample.
The combustion heat of the cotton threat that ignites the sample
and the electrical ignition energy would result in distorted values
of the measurement. This effect is taken into consideration in the
calculation with a correction value.
Substances with low flammability or substances that burn poorly
undergo combustion in combination with combustion aids.
The combustion aid is first weighed and then added to the crucible
with the sample. From the weight of the combustion aid and its
known specific gross calorific value, it is then possible to determine
the quantity of heat that is introduced thereby. The result of the
experiment must be corrected by this amount of heat.
The C 14 disposable crucible is a combustible crucible that can
be used instead of a traditional crucible. The disposable crucible
undergoes total combustion with no residue. If a disposable
crucible is used, there is then no need for a cotton thread. The
crucible is in direct contact and is ignited by the fixed ignition
wire of the inner vessel.
Inner vessel in which the combustible crucible is to be used, must
be fitted with an additional overlay (see accessories). The sample
is weighed directly into the disposable crucible. In most cases, no
additional combustion aid is necessary because the disposable
crucible itself acts as the combustion aid.
Acid correction
Almost all substances to be analyzed contain sulfur and nitrogen.
Under the conditions that pre-vail during calorimetric measure-
ments, sulfur and nitrogen undergo combustion and form SO2,
SO3and NOX. Sulfuric and nitric acid arise in combination with
water resulting from combustion and humidity. Heat of solution is
also generated. To obtain the standard gross calorific value, the
effect of the heat of solution on the gross calorific value is
corrected.
To obtain a defined final status and to record all acids quantitati-
vely, approx 5ml distilled water or another suitable absorption
solution is placed in the inner vessel. With this absorption fluid
and the combustion water, the combustion gases form acids.
After the combustion, the decomposition vessel is thoroughly
washed with distilled water so as to collect the condensate that
has settled on the inner wall of the vessel as well. The solution
obtained in this manner can now be examined with a suitable
peripheral detection device for aqueous decomposition into the
respective acid content.
For more information on this subject, please contact IKA
®
‚ or
your nearest authorized dealer.
When calculating the energy value in C 1 external energies are
taken into account from kiln furniture, however, there is no
correction of acid. The calorific value is not calculated.
To do this, use the calorimeter software IKA
®
CalWin®.
The calorimeter system
IKA
®
C 1 is a precision measuring instru-
ment for the routine determination of calorific values of solid and
liquid substances. Exact measurements can however be achieved
only if the individual steps of the trial are performed with care.
The procedure as described in the “For your safety“ section 1 and
in the following sections must therefore be adhered to exactly.
If you are burning unknown samples,
leave the room or keep well away
from the calorimeter!
A few points should be noted in respect of the substances to be
combusted:
• Normally, solid substances can be burned directly in powder
form. Rapidly burning substances (for example benzoic acid)
must not undergo combustion in loose form.
Benzoic acid must only be burned in the form of pellets! Com-
bustible dust and powder must be compressed into pellets
before combustion. Oven-dry dust and powder such as wood
chips, hay, straw etc. burn in an explosive manner! They must
be moistened first! Readily combustible liquids with a low va-
por pressure must not be come in direct contact with the
cotton thread (e.g. tetramethyl dihydrogen disiloxan).
Notes on the sample
Rapidly burning substances tend to squirt. Such substances
must be pressed into tablets before combustion. Suitable
for this is e.g. the IKA
®
pelleting press C 21.
• Most liquid substances can be weighed directly into the cru-
cible. Liquid substances exhibiting turbidity or containing water
that will settle out must be dried or homogenized before they
are weighed in. The water content of these samples must be
determined.
• Highly volatile substances are placed in combustion capsules
(gelatin capsules or acetobutyrate capsules, see “Accessories“)
and undergo combustion together with the capsules.
• For substances with low flammability or low calorific substances
use combustion aids (see “Accessories“). Before the capsules or
the combustion bag is fi lled with the substance to be deter-
mined, it must be weighed in order to determine the additional
extraneous energy introduced into the system from the weight
and the gross calorific value. This is taken into consideration
with QExtern2. The amount of combustion aid should be as little
as possible.
The external energy must be determined externally.
DANGER

16
To correctly determine the gross calorific value, it is of fundamen-
tal importance that the sample undergoes complete combustion.
After each experiment, the crucible and all solid residues must be
examined for any signs that combustion was not complete.
In case of using substances tending to squirt it is not possible to
ensure complete combustion.
Substances with low flammability (substances with a high
content of mineral matterand low-calorific substances) will often
Complete combustion
undergo complete combustion only with the aid of combustion
capsules or combustion bags (C 10/ C 12 see “Accessories“). It is
also possible to use liquid combustion aids such as paran oil.
The combustion aids as well (for example the cotton thread) must
undergo complete combustion. If unburned residues are left over,
the experiment must be repeated.
To ensure precise, reproducible results of the measurement, the
calorimeter system is calibrated after it is initially placed in service,
after service jobs, after parts are replaced and at specific time inter-
vals. During calibration, the heat capacity of the calorimeter system
is redetermined.
Regular calibration is absolutely essential to obtain accurate
measurements!
For this purpose, a specific quantity of a reference substance
undergoes combustion in the
IKA
®
C 1 under the conditions of
the experiment. Since the gross calorific value of the reference
substance is known, it is possible after combustion has occurred
Calibration
to calculate the heat capacity based on the increase in temperature
of the calorimeter system. The reference substance for calorimetry
on an international level is benzoic acid of the National Bureau of
Standards (NBS Standard Sample 39 J) with a guaranteed gross
calorific value.
For more detailed information on calibration please see the relevant
standards.
If the
IKA
®
C 1 is operated with several different decomposition
vessels, you will need to determine the heat capacity of the system
for each decomposition vessel. The parts of each decomposition
vessel must then not be swapped with parts from other vessels.
Ensure that calibration is carried out under the same conditions as
the subsequent tests. If substances are used in the decomposition
vessel in combustion tests (e.g. distilled water or solutions), you
must use exactly the same amount of this substance for calibration.
Notes on calibration
For determination of calorific values the increase in temperature
must be about as great as for the calibration (± 30%). 1g benzoic
acid =˜ 6K. The optimum sample quantity must de determined by
several trials where necessary.
• Under the conditions that prevail during calorimetric mea-
surements, sulfur and nitrogen un-dergo combustion and form
SO2, SO3and NOX. Sulfuric and nitric acid arise in combinati-
on with the water resulting form combustion. Heat of solution
is also generated. This heat of solution is taken into conside-
ration in calculating the gross calorific value. In order to quanti-
tatively record and determine all acids that have been formed,
about 5 ml of distilled water or another suitable substance can
be added to the decomposition vessel before the experiment.
The calibration of the system must have been performed in
accordance with the instructions!
Remove after measuring the complete inner vessel. Turn the inner
container upside down, loosen gently the internal container bot-
tom. Rinse thoroughly with distilled water, the inner area of the
inner container. The rinsing water and the solution formed from
the water that was added are combined and the acid content of
the combined solution is examined. If the sulfur content of the
combustion aid and the nitric acid correction are known, the water
does not need to be analyzed.
These correction values can not be entered in C 1. For this, use the
IKA
®
calorimeter software CalWin®.
To increase the service life of parts to wear and tear (O rings,
seals etc.) we recommend to work with water added to the
experiment as a matter of general principle.
Halogen rich substances can cause corrosion on the inner con-
tainer.
These substances must not be burned in C 1 with the
standard inner vessel.
In halogen-rich substances of special halogen-resistant
inner vessel C 1.12 must be used.
Handle
h
h
h

17
The user has two display modes are available.
Measurements
The following submenus are available:
• New measurement
• Last result
• System test
• Measurement archive
• Calibration archive
• Memory overview
Default settings
The following submenus are available:
• C-value IB1
• ID IB1
• C-value IB2
• ID IB2
• Ref. cal. value
• Ho Comb. cruc.
• Start temperature
• QExtern 1
• QExtern 2
• O2rinse
• Cool Down
• Extend. O2Emptying
Animated view List view
Settings
The following submenus are available:
• Date / Time
• Units
• Display / Keypad
• Language
• Accessories
• Cooler test
Overview Main menu

18
Maintenance
The following submenus are available:
• Change seal
• Test stirrer
• O2System blow
• Servo up
• Servo down
INFO:When performing maintenance programs, the system
must be open !
Information
The following informations are available:
• Software
• Firmware
• Serial number
• Service
• Pressure test
• Ignitions
• Next test
• Support
The term “measurements“ below refers to both the measure-
ments to calibrate the calorimeter system (calibration measure-
ments) and the actual measurements for determining the calorific
value. The difference lies mainly in the evaluation, whilst prepara-
tion and performance make virtually no difference.
Performing the measurement
Select and confirm “Measurements“ in the main menu with the
multi-function element.
In the submenu select and confirm the option “New
measurement“.
Preparing and performing measurements

19
Input window NEW MEASUREMENT
Select and confirm the menu item “Sample weight“. Enter the
sample weight with numeric keypad and confirm.
INFO: A distinction is made between the use and non disposable
cup. Use of disposable crucible can be selected in Settings
"Accessories.
INFO: For automatic input of the weight may be a connected
scale can be used
INFO: The inputted weight values are checked for permissibility.
INFO: The existing store will be reviewed after the entry of a
new measurement / calibration and a user note displayed
if it is not possible to save the measurement / calibration.
NOTE:
Ensure that a maximum energy input of from 40,000 joules is not
exceeded.
NOTE:
For more, detailed descriptions of the individual menu items are
treated in the chapter “Calorimetric Measurements“.
INFO: If a scale is used in activation of the input field, the
weight is automatically queried. It can be pressed on the
scale alternatively, the transmit button.
Fill in the sample weight.
Calibration off.
When you are ready with your input, press “OK” button.
Don’t close the C 1 before you have pressed “OK“
button!
During the prerequisite checking, the cotton thread can be
attached to the ignition wire, hung the crucible in the provided
holder and the sample are contacted with the ignition wire.
Placing the sample
When using a disposable crucible of contact between the ignition
wire and the combustible crucible must be present. The fixing of
the cotton thread is not necessary.

20
To increase the service life of wearing parts (O-rings, seals,
etc.) it is advisable to always work with a water template.
Generally, the test sample must be selected so that the tempe-
rature elevation during the measurement is below 10 K and
the temperature increase of the calibration comes close (max.
energy input: 40,000 J). Such exposure may damage the
calorimeter.
When exceeding the maximum energy input is recommended
to return the calorimeter.
To determine the potential energy initially very small sample
weights (approx. 0.2g) must be chosen when working with
unknown substances. If you burn unknown samples, leave
the room or keep your distance from the calorimeter.
If distilled water or solutions presented in the decomposition
vessel during the combustion experiment, the calibration
with the same template must have been performed before.
Close the calorimeter
After the sample is loaded and the contact with the ignition wire
is present and the inner vessel was placed, the calorimeter is
sealed.
The following screen informs the user whether the system is
closed properly and securely.
Are combustion vessel and the complete system properly closed,
the measurement starts automatically.
Note:
Can the inner container and / or closure ring with handle heavy
wire, please follow the instructions for oiling the seals!
2. Weigh the substance with an accuracy of 0.1 mg directly into
the crucible.
Where appropriate distilled water or a solution must be
presented in the inner vessel.
The input of the maximum possible sample weight is limited to a
maximum of 5 g.
1. Attach with a loop a cotton thread centered on the ignition
wire (at the open calorimeter).
The inner container base remains in the control of sample prepara-
tion in the calorimeter. But you can also use it by pulling it out
individually, or for consequential - Analysis - determinations, refer
to the closed inner container.
The following preparations must be made to prepare the system
for a measurement:
Preparing a measurement
C 6 Quartz crucible
h
Impression for distilled water or a
solution as a template