ISA T2000 User manual

DATE: 18/11/2009
DOC.MIE11110 REV.5
T 2000
APPLICATION GUIDE

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REVISIONS SUMMARY VISA
NPAGE DATE
1All 25/04/2006 Issued Lodi.
242, 62-65 24/11/2006 Added the line
impedance test, notes
to PT ratio test
Lodi
348 -52 23/04/2007 Modified the dynamic
TAP changer test Lodi
423-27 31/7/2007 Added the very high
current booster Lodi
5All 18/11/09 Minor corrections Lodi

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SHORT FOREWORD.......................................................................................................4
SAFETY AT WORK............................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................9
1 TRANSFORMER TESTSAPPLICATION EXAMPLES ............................................10
1.1 CURRENT TRANSFORMER TESTS.......................................................................11
1.1.1. CT tests : ratio, polarity voltage mode.............................11
1.1.2. CT tests : ratio, polarity and burden...................................16
1.1.3. CT tests : ratio, polarity with booster................................21
1.1.4. CT tests : burden, secondary side........................................36
1.1.5. CT tests : excitation curve..........................................................39
1.1.6. CT tests : winding or burden resistance...........................47
1.1.7. CT tests : voltage withstand.....................................................50
1.1.8. CT tests : polarity by impulses................................................54
1.2: VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS TESTS..................................................................57
1.2.1: VT tests: ratio and polarity..........................................................57
1.2.2: VT tests: burden, secondary side...........................................61
1.2.3: VT tests: ratio, electronic transformers.............................63
1.2.4: VT tests: voltage withstand........................................................64
1.2.5: VT tests: secondary over-current protection.................66
1.3: POWER TRANSFORMERS TESTS......................................................................68
1.3.1: PT tests: ratio per TAP.....................................................................68
1.3.2: PT tests: resistance of LTC contacts.....................................72
1.3.3: PT tests: dynamic LTC test..........................................................76
1.3.4 PT tests: PT ratio test........................................................................84
2RESISTANCE TESTS.......................................................................................................86
2.1 MICROOHMMETER..................................................................................................86
2.2 EARTH RESISTANCE..............................................................................................90
2.3 SOIL RESISTIVITY..................................................................................................95
3LINE IMPEDANCE TESTS ..............................................................................................99
3.1 LINE IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT......................................................................99
3.2 EARTH IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT................................................................101
3.3 MUTUAL FACTOR MEASUREMENT.....................................................................103
APPENDIX: DYNAMIC TAP CHANGER TESTING...................................................107

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SHORT FOREWORD
Dear T 2000 user,
I often wondered why the user’s manual is not very much used,
even if it includes valuable information. As me too I am a user of
such manuals, the answer I have given myself is that valuable
information are concealed somewhere in the thick thing, and I do
not have time to waste to find it. So, either the manual is actually
of help, or I ignore it.
This is why I decided to split the T 2000 manual in three:
specification, with all performance details; application manual, with
instructions about how to use it one its operation is understood;
introductory guide, with the device description and basic
information. The idea is that you may read once the device
description, while you need application examples more than once;
so, why not to split the manual in three?
Have a good work with T 2000!
Primo Lodi
Q&A Manager

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SAFETY AT WORK
The Product hereafter described is manufactured and tested
according to the specifications, and when used for normal
applications and within the normal electrical and mechanical
limits will not cause hazard to health and safety, provided that
the standard engineering rules are observed and that it is used
by trained personnel only.
The application guide is published by the Seller to be used
together with the Product described in the corresponding
document. The Seller reserves the right to modify the guide
without warning, for any reason. This includes also but not
only, the adoption of more advanced technological solutions and
modified manufacturing procedures, and also the addition of other
features, not available in the first release.
The Seller declines any difficulties arising from unknown
technical problems. The Seller declines also any responsibility in
case of modification of the Product or of any intervention not
authorized by the Seller in writing.
The warranty includes the repair time and the materials necessary
to restore the complete efficiency of the Product; so, it does not
include other burdens, such as the transport and customs fee.
Under no circumstances the warrantee includes any cost that
the User may have suffered because of the Product unavailability
and downtime.
The Product is CE marked, and has been tested to operate
according to EN 61010-1, with the following operating conditions:
. Pollution degree 2: normally, non conductive pollution occurs;
. Measurement category 2, for measurement inputs;
. Altitude: less than 2000 m;
. Operating temperature: 0 to 50 °C; storage: -20 °C to 70 °C;
. Relative humidity : 10 -80% without condensing;
. Inputs/outputs protection: IP 2X: CEI 70-1 for all but high
voltage outputs; IP4X for high voltage outputs;
. The test set is portable, using the handles.

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Would the test set be used beyond these limits, the safety of
the test set could be impaired.
Mains supply characteristics are:
. Voltage: 230 AC, 50-60 Hz;
. Power consumption: 1 kW maximum without overload; 4 kW at
600 A (5 s).
The Product generates voltages and currents that may be lethal
to the unadvertised user. Besides, in order to avoid any danger in
case of fault inside the Product, the device under test should
have the following characteristics:
. Connection cables must use safety sockets;
. Connection sockets must be isolated and not accessible;
. Input circuits must have an isolation degree at least equal to the
one of the product.
To this respect, the following symbols are used to alert the
operator about dangerous outputs:
. The symbols and are related to the HV
generation, up to 3000 V: the first one is located close to the
output connectors; the second one is located close to the
generation button, that must be pressed during HV generation.
. The symbol !is related to dangerous input or output,
and is located close to the following points:
-Output: main 0-250 V AC;
-Input: AC voltage measurement (up to 600 V.
. The symbol is located closet o the round socket.
. The symbol is located close to the mains supply
socket, that incorporates the protection fuse.
THE TEST SET CANNOT BE OPERATED IF NOT CONNECTED TO
GROUND: THIS PREVENTS POSSIBLE DANGERS TO THE
OPERATOR AND/OR FAULTS OF THE TEST SET.

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The connection to ground is provided through the mains supply
cable; however, for added safety, the Product should be
connected to ground using the dedicated socket.
IF THE GROUND IS NOT AVAILABLE AT THE MAINS SUPPLY,
CONNECT THE TEST SET TO GROUND USING THE DEDICATED
SOCKET.
The following table lists a number of situations that are potentially
hazardous to the user and/or to the test set. Please consider this
list, and check the situation in case of doubt.
SITUATION CAUSE OF RISK CONTROL
Feeding the
transformer
during the test
In this situation very high
currents or voltages could be
applied to the test set, that
could be severely damaged;
also the operator would be
exposed to an high risk
Disconnecting
the transformer
during the test
A very hig
h voltage can be
generated by the inductance
of the transformer under
test.
Filtered mains
The AC voltage can be a
squared waveform rather
than sinusoidal; the test set
operates at the minimum
supply level, with low
efficiency.
Supply
waveform
Connection to a
live wire
The connection can be
dangerous to the user, to the
test set and even the plant.
Test before
connecting
Long generation
of all outputs Possible danger of over-
heating components,
specially with high ambient
temperature
Check burden
and duration

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Of these points, the first two are very hazardous, both for the
user and the test set. THESE TYPES OF FAULT ARE NOT
COVERED BY THE WARRANTY.
The first hazard is very clear: while T 2000 is connected to the
transformer to be tested, there must be no connection of the
transformer itself to a voltage or current source. T 2000 outputs
are protected against transient spikes, but not against such a
situation.
In case of doubt, please contact your Seller. The Seller, and
Manufacturer, declines any and all responsibility due to improper
usage, or any usage outside the specified limits.

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INTRODUCTION
T 2000 allows performing all the test to be performed on current
and voltage transformers.
At power-on, there is a message asking to wait for the self
diagnosis is completed. After this, the following menu is displayed.
The desired operation is accessed by the multi-function wheel.
The following chapters explain how to operate with the above
selections.
NOTE: WINDOWS is a trademark of MICROSOFT inc.

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1 TRANSFORMER TESTS APPLICATION EXAMPLES
In this chapter we describe how to operate to test transformers.
The description of why we operate this way and of which are test
set features are given in the following chapters. So, read the
following chapters the first time you use T 2000, and then, once
learned about it, apply what you learned as follows.
The following examples include all information related to the test.
As a consequence, there could be some repetition passing from
one test to the next; however, we preferred to arrange the
manual so that it was not necessary to read other paragraphs
than the relevant one.
There are three types of tests available: CT’s; VT’s PT’s. At
power-on, the following screen is opened.
The selection is accessed by the multi-function knob (22).
On all tests, unless the over-current protection for VT, if the
adjustment knob (6) is not at zero when the test START button
(56) is pressed, the following message is displayed:
Press the OFF button (55), move the knob and start again.