Jäger ADwin-light-16 User manual

ADwin-light-16
Manual
ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006

ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006
Jäger Computergesteuerte
Messtechnik GmbH
Rheinstraße 2-4
D-64653 Lorsch
Germany
For any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact us:
Hotline: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-Mail: [email protected]
Internet www.ADwin.de

ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006 III
ADwin
Table of contents
Typographical Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV
1 Information about this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 System description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
2.1 ADwin system concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2 ADwin-light-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Operating Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 Start-up of the Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5 Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
5.1 Analog Inputs and Outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2 Digital Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.3 Impulse/Event Counter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.4 LS Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
5.5 Time-critical tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7 CO1 Counter Add-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7.1 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7.2 Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8 DIO1 Add-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
8.1 Digital Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8.2 Counters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8.3 CAN-Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
8.4 SSI Decoder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
9 DIO2 / DIO3 Add-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
9.1 Digital Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.2 Counters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.3 SSI Decoder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
10 ADwin-light-16-Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
11 Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
12 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
12.1 Example Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Annex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
A.1 Technical Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
A.2 Hardware Addresses - General Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5
A.3 Hardware-Revisionen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
A.4 Table of figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
A.5 List of Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8

Typographical Conventions ADwin
IV ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006
Typographical Conventions
"Warning" stands for information, which indicate damages of hardware or soft-
ware, test setup or injury to persons caused by incorrect handling.
You find a "note" next to
– information, which have absolutely to be considered in order to guaran-
tee an operation without any errors
– advice for efficient operation
"Information" refers to further information in this documentation or to other
sources such as manuals, data sheets, literature, etc.
<C:\ADwin\ …> File names and paths are placed in angle brackets and characterized in the
font Courier New.
Program text Program instructions and user inputs are characterized by the font Courier
New.
Var_1 ADbasic source code elements such as INSTRUCTIONS, variables, com-
ments and other text are characterized by the font Courier New and are
printed in color (see also the editor of the ADbasic development environment).
Bits in data (here: 16 bit) are referred to as follows:
BitNo. 151413…0100
Bit value 215 214 213 …21=2 20=1
Synonym MSB - - - - LSB

ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006 1
Information about this manual
ADwin
1 Information about this manual
This manual contains comprehensive information about the operation of the
ADwin-light-16 system. Additional information is available in
– the manual "ADwin Driver Installation", which describes all interface
installations for the ADwin systems.
Commence your installation with the help of this manual.
– the description of the configuration program ADconfig. With it, you ini-
tialize the communication of the corresponding interface with
ADwin-light-16.
– the manual ADbasic, which contains all instructions for the compiler
ADbasic and explains the principle of ADwin systems in particular.
The online help of ADbasic contains the same information.
– the description of the driver installation and command instructions for all
well known development environments.
– the manual "ADwin HSM-24V", a module on the LS bus.
Please note:
For ADwin systems to function correctly, adhere strictly to the information pro-
vided in this documentation and in other mentioned manuals.
Qualified personnelProgramming, start-up and operation, as well as the modification of program
parameters must be performed only by appropriately qualified personnel.
Qualified personnel are persons who, due to their education, experience
and training as well as their knowledge of applicable technical stan-
dards, guidelines, accident prevention regulations and operating condi-
tions, have been authorized by a quality assurance representative at the
site to perform the necessary acivities, while recognizing and avoiding
any possible dangers.
(Definition of qualified personnel as per VDE 105 and ICE 364).
Availability of the
documents
This product documentation and all documents referred to, have always to be
available and to be strictly observed. For damages caused by disregarding the
information in this documentation or in all other additional documentations, no
liability is assumed by the company Jäger Computergesteuerte Mess-
technik GmbH, Lorsch, Germany.
Legal informationThis documentation, including all pictures is protected by copyright. Reproduc-
tion, translation as well as electronical and photographical archiving and mod-
ification require a written permission by the company Jäger
Computergesteuerte Messtechnik GmbH, Lorsch, Germany.
OEM products are mentioned without referring to possible patent rights, the
existence of which, may not be excluded.
Subject to change.
Hotline address: see inner side of cover page.

System description ADwin
2ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006
2 System description
2.1 ADwin system concept
ADwin systems guarantee fast and accurate operation of measurement data
acquisition and automation tasks under real-time conditions. This offers an
ideal basis for applications such as:
– very fast digital closed-loop control systems
– very fast open-loop control systems
– data acquisition with very fast online analysis of the measurement data
– monitoring of complex trigger conditions and many more
ADwin systems are optimized for processes which need very short process
cycle times of one millisecond down to some microseconds.
System features The ADwin system is equipped with analog and digital inputs and outputs, a
fast processor (32-bit floating point signal processor) and local memory. The
processor is responsible for the whole real-time processing in the system. The
applications run independent of the PC and its workload.
Processor The processor of the ADwin system processes each measurement value at
once.
In one cycle you can acquire the status of the inputs, process the status with
the help of any mathematical functions, and react to the results, even at very
fast process cycle times of some microseconds. This results in a perfect and
logical work sharing: The PC executes a program for visualizing of data, for
input and operation of the processes, togeher with access to networks and
data bases, while the processor of the ADwin system executes all tasks which
require real-time processing concurrently.
Real-time operating
system
The operating system for the DSP of the ADwin system has been optimized
to achieve the fastest response times possible. It manages parallel processes
in a multitasking environment. Low priority processes are managed by time
slicing. Specified high priority processes interrupt all low priority processes and
are immediately and completely executed (preemtive multitasking). High pri-
ority processes are executed as time-controlled or event-controlled processes
(external trigger).
Timing The built-in timer is responsible for the precise scheduling of high priority pro-
cesses. It has a resolution of 25 nanoseconds. The ADwin systems are char-
acterized by an extremely short response time of only 300 nanoseconds during
the change from a low to a high priority process. A continously running com-
munication process enables a continous data exchange between the ADwin
system and the PC even while applications are active. The communication has
no influence on the real-time capability of the ADwin system, even so, it is pos-
sible to exchange data at any time.
ADbasic The real-time development tool ADbasic gives the opportunity to create
time-critical programs for ADwin systems very easily and quickly. ADbasic is
an integrated development environment under Windows with possibilities of
online debugging. The familiar, easy-to-learn BASIC instruction syntax has
been extended by many more functions, in order to allow direct access to
inputs and outputs as well as by functions for process control and communi-
cation with the PC.

ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006 3
System description
ADwin
Communication between ADwin system and PC
InterfacesThe ADwin system is connected to the PC via an USB or Ethernet interface.
After power-up the ADwin system is booted from the PC via this interface.
Afterwards the ADwin operating system is waiting for instructions from the PC
which it will process.
Instruction processingThere are two kinds of instructions: On the one hand instructions, which trans-
fer data from the PC to the ADwin system, for instance "load process", "start
process" or "set parameter", on the other hand instructions which wait for a
response from the ADwin system, for instance "read variables" or "read data
sets". Both kinds of instructions are processed immediately by the ADwin sys-
tem, which means immediate and complete responses. The ADwin system
never sends data to the PC without request! The data transfer to the PC is
always a response to an instruction coming from the PC. Thus, embedding the
ADwin system into various programming languages and standard software
packages for measurements is held simple, because they have only to be able
to call functions and process the return value.
Software interfacesUnder Windows 95/98/NT/ME/2000/XP you can use a DLL and an ActiveX
interface. On this basis the following drivers for development environments
are available:
.NET, Visual Basic, Visual-C, C/C++, Delphi, VBA (Excel, Access, Word),
TestPoint, LabVIEW / LabWINDOWS, Agilent VEE (HP-VEE), InTouch, DIA-
dem, DASYLab, SciLab, MATLAB.
A version for Linux is available, too.
The simple, instruction-oriented communication with the ADwin system
enables several Windows programs to access the same ADwin system in
coordination at the same time. This is of course a great advantage when pro-
grams are being developed and installed.
Fig. 1 – Concept of the ADwin systems

System description ADwin
4ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006
2.2 ADwin-light-16
Processor and memory The ADwin-light-16 system is equipped with the 32 bit signal processor
ADSP 21062 (SHARC) from Analog Devices with floating point and integer
processing. It is responsible for the complete measurement data acquisition,
online processing, and signal output and can instantaneously process - in com-
bination with the A/D-converter - each measured value with sample rates of up
to 100 kHz; from Rev. B an optional sample rate of 500kHz is available.
The on-chip memory with 256 kB has a very short access time of 25 ns and
is large enough to hold the complete ADwin operating system, the ADbasic
process and all variables.
In order to get maximum access speed, all inputs and outputs are memory
mapped in the external memory section of the DSP. For buffering larger quan-
tities of data the DSP uses an external memory (SDRAM) of 8MB(Rev. B
has 16MB).
Analog inputs In a 37-pin D-SUB socket there are 8 analog inputs available, which are con-
nected to a multiplexer, whose output signal is converted with a 16 bit ana-
log-to-digital converter (ADC, see figure below). Since revision B a sequential
control for automatic conversion of several channels is available.
Fig. 2 – Functional diagram (with USB interface)
Analog outputs ADwin-light-16 is equipped with 2 analog outputs with 16 bit resolution and
an output voltage range of -10 V ... +10 V. The output voltages of all DACs are
synchronized and calibrated per software. In order to smooth the output signal,
it passes through a low pass filter with a cut-off frequency of fc= 700 kHz.
Digital inputs and outputs 6 digital inputs and 6 digital outputs are available on the 37-pin D-SUB
socket. The inputs and outputs are TTL-compatible. Furthermore, there are
inputs for 2 counters with 32 bit each.
Trigger input ADwin-light-16 is equipped with a trigger input (EVENT, see also chapter 5.2
"Digital Inputs and Outputs"). Thus, processes can be triggered by a signal
(trigger) and completely processed at once (see ADbasic manual, chapter
"Processes in the ADwin Operating System").
A serial interface (LS bus from Rev. B2, see page 16) enables the connection
of upt o 15 additiional modules.
Scope of delivery The standard scope of delivery for ADwin-light-16:
–ADwin-light-16 system
– USB or Ethernet connecting cable, length 1.8 m
–ADwin-CD-ROM
– Manual "Driver Installation"
– this hardware manual
LS bus decoder
(since rev. B2)
LS Low
LS High
6 digital inputs (TTL / 5V- CMOS) 6 digital outputs (TTL / 5V- CMOS)
16bit / 10µs
A
D
MUX
IN 1
IN 3
IN 5
IN 7
IN 9
IN 11
IN 13
IN 15
D
A
D
A
16bit
16bit
OUT 1
OUT 2
EVENT
InAmp
+
-
OP
+
-
OP
+
-
DIGOUT5:0
CLK 1
CLK 2
two 32 bit
impulse counters
SHARC™
ADSP 21062
Analog Devices
8 MB external SDRAM
DIGIN5:0
to PC
USB
USB-
controller

ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006 5
System description
ADwin
Additional items supplied with the type with external enclosure (L16-EXT) are:
– Power adapter: a PC slot plate with power supply socket and PC-inter-
nal three-pole connecting cable
– power supply cable for connection between the slot plate and L16-EXT.
VariantsADwin-light-16 is available as basic version with USB connection in several
variants.
Fig. 3 – Variants
TypesThe variants L16-EURO and L16-EXT can optionally be delivered with USB or
10/100 MBit Ethernet interface. The available types of the ADwin-light-16
basic version are described in the following table.
Please take into account that the power supply for the different variants varies:
–+5VoltforL16-PCI and L16-EURO
– +10 ... +18 Volt for L16-EXT, since Rev. B +10 ... +35 Volt
PC plug-in board (L16-PCI) 19" plug-in board (L16-EURO)
external enclosure (L16-EXT)
Type Interface
USB Ethernet
PC plug-in board L16-PCI –
19" plug-in board (Euro) L16-EURO L16-EURO-ENET
External enclosure L16-EXT L16-EXT-ENET
Fig. 4 – Types of the ADwin-light-16 basic version

System description ADwin
6ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006
2.2.1 Ordering options (later upgrade not possible)
ADwin-light-16 can be equipped with the following options:
–L16-CO1: counter option (description see page 23) with a 32-bit
up/down counter with four edge evaluation for incremental encoders.
–L16-DIO1: add-on module (description see page 25) with
•32 digital inputs/outputs (programmable in groups of 8)
•one SSI-Decoder (since Rev. B)
•CAN interface (high speed; low speed as an alternative)
•two 32 bit up/down counters for impulse, period duration and
duty cycle measurements as well as a four edge evaluation for the
connection of incremental encoders.
–L16-DIO2: add-on module (description see page 41) with
•32 digital input/outputs (programmable in groups of 8).
•one SSI-Decoder
•two 32 Bit up/down counters for impulse, period duration and
duty cycle measurements as well as a four edge evaluation for
incremental encoders.
–L16-DIO3: add-on module description see page 41) contains
32 digital inputs/outputs (programmable in groups of 8).
–L16-Boot: Flash-EPROM bootloader for stand alone operation with-
out a PC (description see page 52). May only be ordered in combination
with an Ethernet interface.
–L16-Mount: Kit for installation of an L16-EXT system on a DIN top-hat
rail in an electrical control cabinet with isolated mountings.
Please take into account, that the counters of the add-on boards are not addi-
tionally available, but that they replace the counters of the basic version.
Therefore you cannot use the counters of different add-ons at the same time.
2.2.2 Accessories
The following equipment for ADwin-light-16 is available as accessory;
description see page 53:
ADbasic –ADbasic, real-time development tool for all ADwin systems
– cable connectors for an external power supply (for L16-EXT only)
– external power supply ADwin-light-16-pow (necessary for notebook
operation)

ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006 7
Operating Environment
ADwin
3 Operating Environment
The board of the ADwin-light-16 may only be operated in a closed casing
(already given with L16-EXT variant).
According to type and accessories (see chapter 2.2.1f, delivery options /
accessories) the system can be operated in 19" enclosures, control cabinets
or as a mobile system (e.g. in vehicels).
The ADwin-light-16 system must be earth-protected, in order to
– build a ground reference point for the electronic
– conduct interferencing energy to earth.
Connect the GND socket, which is internally connected with the ground refer-
ence point and the enclosure, via a short low-impedance solid-type cable to the
central earth connection point of your installation.
Galvanic connectionThe types with USB interface have a galvanic connection to the PC via USB
and possibly also via power supply.
The types with Ethernet interface have their data lines galvanically isolated, but
the ground potentials are connected, because the shielding of the Ethernet
connector (RJ-45) is connected with GND.
Excluding transient
currents
Transient currents, which are conducted via the enclosure or the shielding,
have influence on the measured signal.
If you want to prevent transient currents, please make sure that the shielding
is fully operative. Take measures for bleeding off interference, such as earthing
the shielding close to the entry into the control cabinet. The more frequently
you earth the shielding on its way to the machine the better the shielding will
operate.
Use cables with shielding on both ends for signal lines. Here too, you should
reduce the bleeding off of interferences via the enclosure by using screen clips.
Protective extra low
voltage
The ADwin-light-16 system is internally operated with a voltage of +5 V and
±15 V against GND and thus is not life-threatening. For operation with an
external power supply, the instructions of the manufacturer apply.
Ambient temperatureADwin-light-16 is designed for operation in dry rooms. The installation envi-
ronment (PC or 19" rack) may have an ambient temperature within the range
+5 ... +50 °C, and a relative humidity of 0 ... 80 % (none condensing, see also
Annex).
Chassis temperatureThe temperature of the casing (surface temperature) of the type L16-EXT must
not exceed +55 °C, even under extreme operating conditions - e.g. in an elec-
trical control cabinet or if the system is exposed to the sun for longer periods
of time. Otherwise, you risk damage to the device or the output of undefined
data (values) which can cause damages to your measurement equipment
under unfavorable circumstances.

Start-up of the Hardware ADwin
8ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006
4 Start-up of the Hardware
Do not connect any signal cables to ADwin-light-16 on start-up before taking
the following steps:
1. Software installation / hardware installation in the PC or 19“ rack.
Follow the instructions in the manual: "ADwin Driver Installation".
2. Set the operating environment as described in chapter 3.
3. Read chapter 5 "Inputs and Outputs" in this manual.
4. Only now connect the signal lines to the inputs and outputs.
Notes
Avoid direct contact with uninsulated parts in order to protect them against
electrostatic discharges.
Reliable power supply Please pay attention that a reliable power source is used.
For standard version, this concerns the PC, and otherwise the external power
supply, or if operated in a vehicle, the battery voltage.
If using current-limiting power supplies, please pay attention the current
demand at power-up which can be a multiple of the operating current. Detailed
information is contained in the Technical Data (Annex).
In case of power failure all unsaved data are lost. Undefined data could
cause damage to your equipment under unfavorable circumstances.
Check Data Communication
Start ADbasic and boot the ADwin system by clicking the boot button .
The display in the status line: "ADwin is booted" shows that the operating
system has been loaded appropriately and that ADbasic can establish a con-
nection to the ADwin system.
ADbasic programs Programming the ADwin systems is described in more detail in the ADbasic
manual.
Start with the programming examples in the ADbasic Tutorial.

ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006 9
Inputs and Outputs
ADwin
5 Inputs and Outputs
ConnectionsThe ADwin-light-16 system has the following connectors (pin assignment see
next page):
– connector for USB or Ethernet
– 37-pin D-SUB socket ADwin I/O CONNECTOR for
• 8 analog inputs
• 2 analog outputs
• 6 each, digital inputs and outputs
• 1 digital trigger input
• 2 impulse/event counters with 32 bit
• Output for power supply +5V; L16-PCI also ±12V
– 9-pin D-SUB socket LS-BUS for the LS bus interface (since Rev. B2).
The variant L16-EXT has an additional GND socket (see earth protection,
page 7), a power input socket and a manual on/off switch.
All inputs and outputs may only be operated according to the specifications
given (see Annex A-1: Technical Data). In case of doubt, ask the manufacturer
of the equipment to which you intend to connect the ADwin-light-16 system
with.
Open inputs can cause errors – above all in an environment which is not free
of any interferences. For your own safety, connect unused inputs as close as
possible to the D-SUB socket on a defined level (e.g. GND). Separate these
inputs from open circuit lines.
Exception to this is the event input, which already has an internal pull-up resis-
tor (10 kΩ).
L16-EXT: Front
L16-PCI L16-EURO L16-EXT: Back
Fig. 5 – Connectors ADwin-light-16
LS-Bus
ADwin-I/O-CONNECTOR
ADwin-L16
USB
LS-BUS
ADwin-L16
USB ADwin I/O CONNECTOR
10-36VDC
ON
POWER
GND
LS-BUS

Inputs and Outputs ADwin
10 ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006
Fig. 6 – L16-EURO VGA connector for power supply (female)
Fig. 7 – L16-EXT power connector (male)
Fig. 8 – Pin assignment LS-BUS (female)
L16-PCI L16-EURO and L16-EXT
Fig. 9 – Pin assignment inputs/outputs (female)
c b a
a b c
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
+5V *
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DGND *
+5V *
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DGND *
+5V *
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DGND *
ab c
+9...18VPE
GND
1
2
3
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
SIGNAL GND
RESERVED
SIGNAL HIGH
RESERVED
SIGNAL LOW
RESERVED
RESERVED
+5V (max. 100mA)
+12V (max. 100mA)
DGND
DIGIN-5 / CNTR 2, CLK
DIGIN-4 / CNTR 1, CLK
DIGIN-3
DIGIN-2
DIGIN-1
DIGIN-0
ADC 11 INPUT(+)
ADC 09 INPUT(+)
ADC 07 INPUT(+)
ADC 05 INPUT(+)
ADC 03 INPUT(+)
ADC 01 INPUT(+)
ADC 15 INPUT(+)
ADC 13 INPUT(+)
DAC 2 OUTPUT
DAC 1 OUTPUT
RESERVED
-12V (max. 100mA)
EVENT INPUT
DIGOUT-5
DIGOUT-4
DIGOUT-3
DIGOUT-2
DIGOUT-1
DIGOUT-0
ADC 11 INPUT(-)
ADC 09 INPUT(-)
ADC 07 INPUT(-)
ADC 05 INPUT(-)
ADC 03 INPUT(-)
ADC 01 INPUT(-)
ADC 15 INPUT(-)
ADC 13 INPUT(-)
AGND DAC
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
+5V (max. 100mA)
RESERVED
DGND
DIGIN-5 / CNTR 2, CLK
DIGIN-4 / CNTR 1, CLK
DIGIN-3
DIGIN-2
DIGIN-1
DIGIN-0
ADC 11 INPUT(+)
ADC 09 INPUT(+)
ADC 07 INPUT(+)
ADC 05 INPUT(+)
ADC 03 INPUT(+)
ADC 01 INPUT(+)
ADC 15 INPUT(+)
ADC 13 INPUT(+)
DAC 2 OUTPUT
DAC 1 OUTPUT
RESERVED
RESERVED
EVENT INPUT
DIGOUT-5
DIGOUT-4
DIGOUT-3
DIGOUT-2
DIGOUT-1
DIGOUT-0
ADC 11 INPUT(-)
ADC 09 INPUT(-)
ADC 07 INPUT(-)
ADC 05 INPUT(-)
ADC 03 INPUT(-)
ADC 01 INPUT(-)
ADC 15 INPUT(-)
ADC 13 INPUT(-)
AGND DAC
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006 11
Inputs and Outputs
ADwin
Standard instructionsFor fast and easy programming there are standard instructions available in the
compiler ADbasic, which enable a user to easily measure or output data (see
also ADbasic manual). Use other instructions (such as direct register access)
only if extremely time-critical or special tasks require to do so. (see also
chapter 12).
More detailed information about the analog as well as the digital inputs and out-
puts can be found in the following chapters.
5.1 Analog Inputs and Outputs
Earth protectionThe variant L16-EXT has to be earth-protected, in order to perform measure-
ments without interference. For this, connect the GND socket via a low imped-
ance solid-type cable to the central earth connection point of your installation.
When using the variants PCI or EURO, the earth protection is made via PC or
the 19" rack.
For L16-EXT, the enclosure is connected to the protective earth conductor of
the PC via the GND-line of the power supply cable as well as via the GND-line
of the USB cable.
5.1.1 Inputs
MultiplexerThe system has 8 analog measurement inputs, which are connected through
a multiplexer to the 16-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The multiplexer
settling time is 6.5µs with a full scale range of 20V.
The inputs are all odd-numbered (ADC 01, ADC 03, ... ADC 15), which has to
be considered during programming.
DifferentialThe analog inputs are differential. For each of the measurement channels
there is a positive and a negative input, between which the voltage difference
is measured (pay attention to the potential of the input lines).
Please note, that the inputs do need a mass connection between the system’s
GND and the signal source. This is in addition to the connections to the positive
and negative input.
Fig. 10 – Input circuitry of an analog input
16-bit measurementThe signal at the multiplexer output is converted by a 16-bit analog-to-digital
converter (ADC); see Fig. 2 – Functional diagram (with USB interface). The
conversion time is 10µs (Rev. B: 2µs optional) at a resolution of 305 µV.
Complete measurementThe instruction ADC() executes a complete measurement with an ADC on one
analog input. Thus, this instruction considers for instance the settling time of
the multiplexer and assures perfect measurements (see also ADbasic man-
ual).
Rev. B with
sequential control
From Rev. B the signals of several selected analog inputs can be converted
(sequentially) with a single instruction. The inputs are selected with SEQ_INIT,
conversion is started with START_CONV and results are read with SEQ_READ.
ADC x
330k
330k
InAmp
+
-
ADC
MUX
PGA
G = 1, 2,4, 8
+
-
GND
+
-

Inputs and Outputs ADwin
12 ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006
5.1.2 Outputs
DAC instruction The standard instruction DAC(number,value)checks each of the values
exceeding or falling below of the 16-bit value range. If the value is in the 16-bit
value range, the indicated value is output on the output number. If it is not, the
maximum or minimum value is output (see also ADbasic manual).
5.1.3 Calculation Basis
Voltage range The voltage range of the ADwin-light-16 system at the analog inputs and out-
puts is –10 V to +10 V (bipolar 10 V).
Allocation of digits and
voltage
The 65536 (216) digits are allocated to the corresponding voltage ranges of the
ADCs and DACs insofar that
– 0 (zero) digits correspond to the maximum negative voltage and
– 65535 digits correspond to the maximum positive voltage
The value for 65,536 digits, exactly 10 Volt, is just outside the measurement
range, so that there is a maximum voltage value of 9.999695 Volt for the 16-bit
conversion.
Fig. 11 – Zero offset in the standard setting of bipolar 10 Volt
Bipolar range leads to a zero offset which is shown below.
For the voltage range of –10 V ... +10 V applies UOFF = –10 V
Least Significant Bit The quantization level ULSB is the smallest digitally displayable voltage differ-
ence and is equivalent to the voltage of the least significant bit (LSB). The ULSB
is equivalent to the formula: 20 V / 216 = 305.175 µV.
The measured 16-bit value of the ADC is returned to the lower word of the
binary cell. Here you must also find the DAC value to be output.
+10
-10
0 32768 65536
0
[V]
[Digit]
Bit 31...16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
32-bit memory upper word 16-bit value of the ADC/DAC in the lower word

ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006 13
Inputs and Outputs
ADwin
Conversion Digits ' Voltage
DACFor a DAC:
ADCFor an ADC:
Tolerances
Slight deviations regarding the calculated values may be within the tolerance
of the individual component. Two kinds of deviation are possible, which are
indicated in this manual (in LSB):
INL– The integral non-linearity (INL) defines the maximum deviation from the
ideal straight line of the conversion characteristics curve, covering the
whole input voltage range.
DNL– The differential non-linearity (DNL) defines the maximum deviation from
the ideal quantization level.
5.2 Digital Inputs and Outputs
Digital inputs/outputs6 digital inputs (DIGIN 00 … DIGIN 05) and 6 digital outputs (DIGOUT 00 …
DIGOUT 05) are available on the 37-pin D-SUB socket. The pin assignment be
found in figure 9on page 10.
The inputs DIGIN 04 and DIGIN 05 are used as counter inputs at the same
time and may be read as digital inputs while being used as counters. This is not
true when using a DIO1-add-on (see page 25) or DIO2-add-on (see page 41).
The digital inputs and outputs are TTL-compatible and not protected against
overvoltage.
Do not use connections marked as "RESERVED". They are reserved for
upcoming changes or expansions and can cause damages to your system if
you do not pay attention to this fact.
Trigger input (EVENT)The ADwin-light-16 system is equipped with an external trigger input
(EVENT). An external signal (trigger) with rising edge may be used to start pro-
cesses, which are processed immediately and completely (see ADbasic man-
ual, chapter "Structure of an ADbasic-Program").
ProgrammingThe functions of the digital channels are easily programmed with ADbasic
instructions:
The instructions are included in the file <ADWL16.INC> and are described in
the ADbasic manual and in the online help.
Digits
UOUT U–OFF
ULSB
-----------------------------------------
=
UOUT Digits ULSB UOFF +⋅=
Digits
UIN UOFF –
ULSB
------------------------------------
=
UIN Digits ULSB UOFF
+⋅=
Function Instruction
Read single digital input. DIGIN
Read all digital inputs. DIGIN_WORD
Set all digital outputs. DIGOUT_WORD
Set one digital output to level High. SET_DIGOUT
Set one digital output to level Low. CLEAR_DIGOUT

Inputs and Outputs ADwin
14 ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006
5.3 Impulse/Event Counter
The ADwin-light-16 system is equipped with 2 impulse/event counters, each
with 32 bits, which may be configured or read out both together or individually.
With the options L16-CO1, L16-DIO1 or L16-DIO2 the counters described here
are replaced by other counters. You will find the corresponding description in
chapter 7 "CO1 Counter Add-On", chapter 8 "DIO1 Add-On" or chapter 9
"DIO2 / DIO3 Add-On".
5.3.1 Hardware
The figure shows the design of a single counter.
Fig. 12 – Block diagram of the impulse/event counter
The counters are externally clocked that means they increase their counter
values by incrementing at each positive edge at the clock input (CLK). Both
counters have a latch A, into which the counter value can be latched (under
program control) for read out.
The counters are controlled with special ADbasic instructions via the control
register. The instructions are described in Fig. 13 – Counter instructions - short
reference (below) and in the ADbasic manual (or online help).
Setting inputs The clock inputs are on pins 15 and 16 (see Fig. 9 – Pin assignment inputs/out-
puts (female), page 10); for the correct function TTL compatible signals are
required. More details and limit values can be found in the Technical Data in the
Annex. Both inputs can optionally be used as digital signal input (see also
chapter 5.2).
The inputs of the impulse/event counters have pull-down resistors. Neverthe-
less open inputs can cause errors in an environment which is not free of inter-
ference. Therefore set unused inputs to a defined level (e.g. GND).
5.3.2 Software
Include file The counters are easily programmed using ADbasic instructions. The instruc-
tions are part of an include file which must be included at the beginning of a
program:
#INCLUDE ADWL16.INC
Control-Register
32 bit Counter (#1, #2)
32 bit Latch A (#1, #2)
CLK
EN
CLR
CLK
ADwin-light-16 bus
Data
Data
10k

ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006 15
Inputs and Outputs
ADwin
The instructions for both counters are shortly illustrated in the following table
and more detailed in the ADbasic manual or online help. You can configure
each counter individually or both counters together.
Sequence of instructionsPlease configure the counters in the following sequence:
1. disable specified counter (CNT_ENABLE)
The instruction CNT_ENABLE always accesses all counters. Even if the
status (disabled/enabled) of only one counter shall be changed, also
those counters must be configured whose status shall remain un-
changed.
2. clear counter (CNT_CLEAR)
3. enable counter(CNT_ENABLE)
For further processing of the counter value in the ADbasic program, transfer
the value into latch A and read it from there.
5.3.3 Evaluation of the counter contents
The binary counters generate 32 bit values. Distinguish clearly between the
evaluation of these binary values (e.g. differences) and the screen represen-
tation as decimal numbers.
unchanged bit patternTo correctly evaluate the counter contents you need its original 32 bit values,
especially with calculating differences. This is guaranteed only by use of
ADbasic variables of type LONG.
The representation of 32 bit values in ADbasic often leads to confusion,
because the signless counter value is shown as signed decimal number (see
circle below). Consequently a transition between positive and negative range
of numbers is shown on the screen, which has no influence upon the evalua-
tion of the counter contents.
For the sake of completeness the following describes the interpretation of a
binary value:
The most significant bit (MSB) is interpreted as sign.
With a positive sign, the following 31 bits are directly interpreted as numerical
value; binary and decimal value are similar.
With a negative sign, the 31 bits are first inverted, one added, and then inter-
preted as numerical value (2’s complement); thus, negative decimal numbers
have an absolute value different to the corresponding binary value.
Calculate differences only with integer numbers (LONG).
Counter no2 1 Comment
Bit 1 0
CNT_CLEAR( ) 0 0 no effect
1 1 clear counter*
CNT_ENABLE( ) 0 0 disable counter
1 1 enable counter (pay attention to running counters)
CNT_LATCH( ) 0 0 no effect
1 1 copy counter value into latch A *
CNT_READLATCH(#) read latch A (# = counter-no1, 2)
CNT_READ(#) copy counter value into latch A and read it
(# = counter no1, 2)
* these functions are reset after being executed. All other functions are reset by the opposing
function..
Fig. 13 – Counter instructions - short reference

Inputs and Outputs ADwin
16 ADwin-light-16 , manual version 2.6, August 2006
"Lap overflow" For programming please remember that an "lap overflow" between the read
out of two counts - i.e. the current counter value "laps" the last counter value
which has been read - is not registered.
Such a lap overflow occurs after some 3½ minutes with an input frequency of
20 MHz or after more than 14 minutes with 5 MHz.
Circle
Fig. 14 – Circle model for interpretation of counter values
5.4 LS Bus
ADwin-light-16 provides an interface for LS bus on a 9-pin DSub connector
(female); the pin assignemtn is shown on page 10.
The LS bus is a bi-directional serial bus with 5MHz clock rate.
The bus is set up as line connection, i.e. the ADwin interface and up to 15 LS
bus modules are connected to each other via two-way links. The last module
of the LS bus must have the bus termination activated. The maximum bus
length is 5m.
The LS bus modules are programmed with ADbasic instructions, which are
sent from the LS bus interface of the ADwin system. The instructions are
mostly specific for the module and are described in the manual of the LS bus
module (or in the online help).
5.5 Time-critical tasks
Time-critical tasks For extremely time-critical tasks instructions may be used which allow direct
access to control and data registers of the hardware (see ADbasic manual or
online help). These registers are to be found in the memory address area of the
ADSP (memory mapped). These instructions also allow optimization of the
program structure.
Contrary to the standard instructions ADC() and DAC() the instructions for
direct access do not have any test routines. Before using them, good knowl-
egde is required about programming and time and function sequences in an
analog-to-digital converter, because this kind programming is closely related to
the hardware.
0000 0000h
FFFF FFFFh
7FFF FFFFh
8000 0000h
4000 0000h 3FFF FFFFh
BFFF FFFFh C000 0000h
-1,073,741,824-1,073,741,825
1,073,741,823 1,073,741,824
2,147,483,647
-2,147,483,648
0
-1
inside: value of the
binary counter
outside: decimal number
in ADbasic