KMB SMC 144 User manual

Contents
1 General Description 3
1.1 Characteristic Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 TypesandAccessories .......................................... 5
2 Operating the Meter 6
2.1 Safety Requirements when Using SMC 144 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Preparation Prior to Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.1 Configuring SMC 144 on a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Installation ................................................ 10
2.3.1 Voltage .............................................. 12
2.3.2 Current .............................................. 12
2.3.3 Peripherals ............................................ 13
2.4 Transferring Measured Data to PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 Functional Description 16
3.1 Instrument Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2 Control .................................................. 16
3.2.1 MachineStatus.......................................... 16
3.2.2 LEDCodes ............................................ 17
3.3 The Method of Measurement and Evaluation of Individual Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3.1 Measuring the Frequency of the Fundamental Harmonic Voltage Component . . . . . . . 17
3.3.2 Measurement of Voltages and Currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3.3 Evaluation of Powers and Power Factor (PF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.3.4 Evaluation of Harmonic Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.3.5 Symmetrical components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.3.6 Aggregation and Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4 Technical Specifications 21
5 Maintenance, Service, Warranty 23
2

1 General Description
The SMC 144 is specially designed for remote monitoring of energy consumption and its quality. The DIN rail
display-less design with multiple communication options is suitable for a wide spectrum of automation tasks in
modern buildings, remote supervision of the infrastructure and also remote load management. Absence of local
panel controls (display and keyboard) limits possibilities for hostile user interaction. For advanced protection,
the configuration of SMC 144 can be also locked by a pin.
It is equipped with four voltage inputs and four inputs for external through-hole or clamp-on current sensors
for direct measuring up to 600 A nominal current. It uses serial communication and peripherals, such as digital
inputs and output, secondary serial communication interface for external I/O modules or ethernet module can
be optionally assembled. There are three LEDs for device status indication and alarm monitoring.
1.1 Characteristic Features
Connection and Measurement
four measuring voltage inputs (L1, L2, L3, L4) towards neutral input (N)
four inputs for through-hole (option P) or clamp-on (option S) current sensors with nominal current range
from 5 to 600 A (I1, I2, I3, I4)
two digital inputs (option D)
single relay or impulse output (option R or option I)
features can be upgraded via external I/O modules (with Modbus Master firmware module)
power supply:
–auxiliary voltage 75 ÷510 VAC or 80 ÷350 VDC (option N)
–low auxiliary voltage 24 ÷48 VAC or 20 ÷75 VDC (option L)
128 samples per period, voltage and current inputs are read continuously without any gaps
voltage and current harmonics calculation up to order 63
evaluation of all usual three-phase and single-phase quantities such as powers, power factors, harmonics
and THD of voltages and currents etc.
Registration of Measured Data
built-in real-time clock with battery backup
flash memory to record the measured data with a capacity of 512 MB
aggregation interval from 200 milliseconds to 24 hours
records voltage outages
Transfer and Evaluation of Recorded Data
RS-485 communication interface for data transmission, device configuration and firmware upgrade
device can also be equiped with second RS-485 (option B), M-Bus (option M) or Ethernet (option E)
interface
visualization software ENVIS and configuration program ENVIS.Daq
3

Supported Firmware Modules
Modbus Master (MM) — Allows regular data downloads from devices supporting Modbus into its own
memory.
General Oscillograms (GO) — Adds a feature that allows recording of raw signal samples.
Ripple Control Signals (RCS) — Allows archiving of RCS datagrams and theirs voltage levels.
4

1.2 Types and Accessories
The SMC 144 is available in several configurations according to the customer requirements1. See the ordering
scheme on figure 1.
SMC 144 U P100 R B E
Instrument model
Auxiliary power supply
Current inputs
Optional digital output
Optional peripheral
Optional expanding module
SMC 144 = Power analyser with internal memory
U = 75 V ÷ 510 VAC, 80 V ÷ 350 VDC
L = 20 V ÷ 75 VDC, 24 V ÷ 48 VAC
Through-hole options
P005 = 5 A
P015 = 15 A
P025 = 25 A
P035 = 35 A
P050 = 50 A
P075 = 75 A
P100 = 100 A
N = without output
R = relay output
I = pulse output
N = without optional peripheral
B = bus for connection of external modules
D = two digital inputs
M = M-Bus interface
N = without expanding module
E = Ethernet interface
Split-core options
S005 = 5 A
S015 = 15 A
S025 = 25 A
S035 = 35 A
S050 = 50 A
S075 = 75 A
S100 = 100 A
Snnn = with low current output CTs, split-core
Pnnn = with low current output CTs, through-hole
NOCT = without current inputs
S150 = 150 A
S200 = 200 A
S250 = 250 A
S300 = 300 A
S400 = 400 A
S500 = 500 A
S600 = 600 A
P150 = 150 A
P200 = 200 A
P250 = 250 A
P300 = 300 A
Figure 1: SMC 144 variants and numbering system
In table 1 there are dimensions and weights of current sensors for all current input variants. Parameter dis
inner diameter for a measured conductor. Parameters x,y,zare external dimensions and gis weight of a sensor.
1Complete and most up to date list of optional and other accessories are available on request from the device vendor.
5

Table 1: Physical dimensions of current sensors for individual device variants.
Variant Pxxx Range Variant Sxxx
Type d x y z m Type d x y z m
[mm] [g] [A] [mm] [g]
JP3W 7 24 27 11 11 005
JC10 10 23 50 26 45
015
JP5W 13 37 41 14 37
025
035
050
075
100 JC16 16 30 55 31 75
150
JP6W 19 49 51 20 70
200 JC24 24 45 75 34 150
250
300
JC36S-3 36 57 91 41 280
400
500
600
Variant NOCT has not current sensors nor current inputs.
2 Operating the Meter
2.1 Safety Requirements when Using SMC 144
When the device is being connected to the parts which are under dangerous voltage it is necessary to comply with
all the necessary measures to protect users and equipment against injury with electrical shock. It is recommended
to always use protective gloves.
The device must be operated by a person with all required qualifications for such work and this person must
know in detail the operation principles of the equipment listed in this description!
2.2 Preparation Prior to Measurement
Before measurement it is necessary to configure the instrument appropriately. This setting is always done by
PC with a standardly supplied program ENVIS.Daq2.
2.2.1 Configuring SMC 144 on a PC
Connect SMC 144 to a computer via RS-485 to USB converter or Ethernet. Switch on auxiliary voltage powering
the SMC 144. Supply voltage will be indicated by the LED PWR blinking green. Than the unit is ready to
be adjusted. We can now set-up a desired operation. This setting will erase all previously archived data in
internal memory of the instrument. So before writing new configuration to the device make sure to backup the
last measured archive.
Run the ENVIS.Daq. First, open the main window. Choose the type of communication interface and its
other related parameters. A connection form with typical parameters is shown in figure 2. For 10 seconds after
power-up, device can always communicate with fixed baud rate 9600 bps and is listening on address 250. Green
LED is fast blinking (once per 400 ms). If SMC 144 do not receive any command until the interval expires, port
is reconfigured to parameters previously set by user. SMC 144 is also listening on address set by user — if same
baud rate as default is set, it is possible to connect to the device immediately after power-up. Otherwise, user
has to wait 10 seconds before connecting with his own baud rate. End of start interval is indicated by slowly
blinking green LED (once per 2 s).
2Before first use the ENVIS must be installed in the PC. Detailed description can be found in The ENVIS User Guide.
6

Figure 2: Main window of ENVIS.Daq.
If your device is equipped with the Ethernet module, you can switch to a TCP tab and connect with it’s IP
address and port 2101 or use Locator function to find all KMB devices connected to a LAN and simply chose
the SMC 144 device you want to connect to.
Press the ’Connect’ button. The program reads the settings from the connected device and displays it in the
summary window (figure 3).
Figure 3: ENVIS.Daq - connected instrument.
Category ’Instrument Settings’ includes a number of parameters, which are arranged in tabs according to its
relation. User can configure the following in the individual tabs:
Identify
–Object - Is a number or name of object (generally a text string), where was performed the measure-
ment. This is a basic identification element, that will organize the measurement archive in a database
7

record of the ENVIS program. In our case (object name is “DEFAULT”) it was retrieved directly
from the instrument. It can later be adjusted manually.
–Record Name - The individual records in the measured object can be distinguished by their name
(eg. name of the transformer in the building). In that case “DEFAULT”. This is again a text string
of maximum length of 32 characters which can be adjusted later.
–Other informative parameters of this tab group indicate the type of connected device (model, serial
number, etc.) and they can not be changed.
Configs
–Install (fig. 5a)
*
Connection Mode - Select the type of connection of the instrument — either direct voltage mea-
surement or via voltage transformers.
*
Connection Type - Select type of measured network. You can choose from three-phase star, three-
phase delta or three-phase star with neutral voltage measurement. Aron connection type can also
be selected. Based on this setting, some quantities are calculated differently — for example when
three-phase delta is selected, no ULN is measured nor calculated. Proper wiring corresponding
to individual selections will be illustrated in chapter 2.3.
*
Nominal Frequency - This parameter should be set according to the nominal network frequency
measured at 50 or 60 Hz.
*
UNOM ,PN OM - Rated voltage and rated power. To be able to view the voltage output as a per-
centage of nominal value and the detection of voltage events, it is necessary to specify a nominal
(primary) voltage UN OM and the nominal three-phase power (power) PN OM . Although the set-
ting for UNOM and PN OM has no effect on the device measuring functionality, we recommend
to set at least the PNOM correctly. Proper setting of PNOM is a critical issue as it affects the
displayed relative values of power and current and some of the data interpretation functions in
ENVIS software. The setting can moreover be adjusted later. If the value of PN OM at the mea-
sured point can not be determined, we recommend to set the value according to the nominal
power supply of the transformer, or to estimate this value as the maximal expected. UN OM value
is displayed in the format as phase/line voltage for convenience.
*
VT Ratio - Must be set accordingly to the primary measuring voltage transformer transfer ratio.
Available only when via VT Connection Mode is selected.
*
Range I - This parameter sets the conversion of current range. Factory default value corresponds
to range of specific current input variant stated after slash (for example Range I: 50 / 50 ) and
usually shouldn’t be changed!
*
Multiplier I - The SMC 144 device can be used for direct or indirect measurement. In case of
direct current measurement (see figure 4a) set the Multiplier I to 1. In case of indirect current
measurement (as on figure 4b) Multiplier I must be set equel to primary current transformer
ratio. If, for example, primary CT with ratio 100/5 is used, set multiplier to 100
5= 20. Another
example, when Multiplier I can be used, is winding more than one loop of measured conductor
through current transformer for sensitivity extension (and range reduction). For example for 4
loops Multiplier I should be set to 1
4= 0.25.
–General (fig. 5b)
*
Time Settings
·
Timezone - Time zone must be set according to the local requirements. The setting is
important for correct interpretation of local time, which also determines the actual allocation
of tariff zones of the meter.
·
Synchronization - This parameter determines how the device synchronizes. It is possible to use
synchronization over communication line (for example in cooperation with ENVIS.Online),
synchronization by one minute period pulses on first digital input (if available) or no synchro-
nization at all.
8

L1
L2
L3
N
PE
JP5W
JP5W
JP5W
JP5W
SMC 144 / PA 144
SOURCE
LOAD
Electricity billing meter
JP3W
JP3W
JP3W
L1
L2
L3
N
PE
SMC 144 / PA 144
100/5A
100/5A
100/5A
SOURCE
LOAD
(a) Direct measurement principle for currents up to range
corresponding to device variant.
(b) Example of indirect measurement over primary current
transformers with ratio 100/5 A.
Figure 4: Current input connection possibilities.
·
Daylight Saving - This parameter can be set to automatically switch of the local time according
to the season (e.g. summer or winter time).
*
Remote communication - Device is always equipped with main RS-485 interface. It is optionally
available with secondary RS-485 interface, ethernet port or other communication interface. In
this part of General Configuration, all corresponding parameters of communication interfaces can
be set.
·
Device Address - Address of the device with RS-485. Assign a unique address to all devices
connected to a same bus.
·
Serial Comm Speed - RS-485 baud rate. Default is 9600 bps.
·
IP Address - IP address of the device with ethernet.
·
Net Mask - Net mask of a network.
·
Default Gateway - Setting of default network gateway.
·
Ports - Setting of ports, on whose the device is listening for communication. Default KMB
Long message port is 2101, default Modbus port is 502 and default Web server port is 80. Ev-
ery port can be changed to whichever is needed, but don’t forget to change them appropriately
in a remote software.
–Archive (fig. 5c) - This settings determines the set of quantities which are being recorded and how:
*
Record Name – Naming the records helps to distinguish different records in the measured object
(e.g. using the ID marking of the measured transformer). This is again a text string of maximum
length of 32 characters. The records are stored in a database or in a file while using this identifier.
*
Record Interval – This (aggregation) interval of the recording determines the frequency of entry
into the archives of readings in the range of 200 ms up to 24 hours.
*
Cycle Recording – With this switch you can determine the behavior of the device when closing
the main archive. If this option is not activated, the memory capacity of the archive of the main
unit stops recording data in the archive until the instrument is reconfigured. Otherwise, the
record continues with the new measured values overwriting the oldest values first (FIFO). The
main archive than contains the “latest” data of a total length corresponding to the capacity of
the main archive.
9

*
Archive Starts at, Immediately - Determines whether to begin recording immediately after the
instrument is powered on or at a preset day and time.
*
Archived Quantities - In this section you can choose the set of quantities that you want to record.
Column AVG tick the required quantity and a record will contain the average values per logging
interval. If you want to record the maximum and minimum values of the measuring cycle (see
explanation below) during the recording interval, check the appropriate box in column MIN,
MAX. The powers in column Import/Export can determine whether to store import and export
respectively inductive or reactive load sums separately.
*
Harmonics - You can choose voltage and/or current harmonics to be recorded. You can select
also, if only odd or all harmonics should be recorded and choose maximal harmonic order. Last
option enables angles of harmonics to be included in archives.
*
The dialog also shows the estimated capacity of the main archive with the actual configuration
(Estimated Record Time).
–Electricity Meter (fig. 5d) - For settings belonging to measurement of electrical energy. In addition
to two tariff, three-phase, four quadrant electric energy, this unit records the maximum and average
of active power.
*
Record Period - The period of recording of the electricity meter status (automatic meter reading).
*
Tariff Control - Set type of tariff control. You can choose from a tariff table or an external digital
input for tariff switching.
*
Tariff Table - This table can set a daily tariffs for three different prices per hour. The energy will
be registered separately for each tariff.
*
Currency Code - You can set a local currency code.
*
Conversion Rate - You can provide a cost of 1 kWh in different tariffs, so than you are able to
optionally see prices of an imported (or exported) energy in a local currency instead of direct
energy values.
*
Window Type, Window Length - Method of an averaging of the average active power PAVGMAX(E).
You can choose a fixed window (Fixed) or a floating window (Floating). In addition, you can set
the length of averaging window.
–Input/Output (fig. 5e) - The SMC 144 is always equipped with two alarm LEDs (LED A1,LED A2 )
and optionally one relay or impulse output (O1 ).
*
You can set a function, that controls each output by selecting the Standard output option. Com-
plex conditions can be set by using up to four events/conditions (E1 through E4 ), which can
be in conjunction and/or disjunction. Character of an output can be selected as Permanent or
Pulse. In the latter case, duration of the whole period and the active part of period can be set.
*
Also, you can set any output to behave as a standard electricity meter output by selecting the
Elmeter output option. In this case, you can select whether you want active or reactive energy
output and import or export. Also, number of pulses/kWh must be set properly.
To commit changes in any of the above parameters it is required to send these new values into the instrument
using the Send button. Settings can also be backed up into the file for later use with the Save button.
It is also recommended to check the status of the internal clock in the device. In the Info tab open the
Instrument Time window (figure 5f). The program reads the current time set in your device and displays it.
It also displays the difference to the actual PC time (Time Difference). If the time in the instrument varies
significantly, it can be adjusted by selecting the Set Time from the PC option.
The necessary crucial device settings is than done — disconnect the communication cable and SMC 144 is
ready to be connected to the measured network.
2.3 Installation
Natural air circulation should be provided inside the distribution board cabinet, and in the instrument’s neighbor-
hood, especially underneath the instrument, no other instrumentation that is source of heat should be installed
10

(a) ENVIS.Daq - instrument install configuration (b) ENVIS.Daq - instrument configuration
(c) ENVIS.Daq - instrument archive configuration (d) ENVIS.Daq - instrument electricity meter configu-
ration
(e) ENVIS.Daq - instrument I/O configuration (f) ENVIS.Daq - instrument time configu-
ration
Figure 5: ENVIS.Daq - SMC 144 configuration forms
11

or the temperature value measured may be false. A connection wire’s maximum cross section area is 2.5mm2
in case of all screw terminals.
The SMC 144 is primarily intended for DIN-rail mounting. Dimensions of the instrument are on figure 6.
There are also positions marked with dash dot lines of holes for wall-mounting with three screws.
60.6
90
21.5 10
45
62
58106
99.8
30.3
SMC 144
Power Analyzer
001 08 2012
P050
Figure 6: Rozmˇery pˇr´ıstroje SMC 144.
2.3.1 Voltage
The instrument’s power supply voltage (see chapter 4) must be connected to the terminals X1 and X2 via
a circuit breaking device (power switch – see installation wiring diagram on figure 7). It has to be located
left to the instrument within an easy reach by the operator. The circuit breaking device must be identified as
the equipment power disconnection switch. A circuit breaker of the nominal value 1 Ais a convenient circuit
breaking device, its function and position however have to be clearly identified (using the ‘0’ and ‘I’ symbols,
respectively, in accordance with IEC EN 61010-1). Internal power supply is galvanically isolated from internal
circuits.
The measured voltages are connected to the terminals L1, L2, L3, L4, the common terminal to connect
the neutral wire to being identified as N. It is suitable to protect the measured voltage lines for example with
1Afuse links. The measured voltages can also be connected via a metering voltage transformers. All voltage
measurement inputs are connected with internal circuits over high impedances.
2.3.2 Current
For proper current measuring, external through-hole or clamp-on current sensors must be installed with correct
polarity. Figure 7 ilustrates proper connection polarity of precision through-hole current transformers. Intended
direction of power flow is from left (source) to right (load). It is highly recommended to verify correct wiring
and polarity of currents with phasor diagram in actual data using software ENVIS.Daq.
The current inputs are directly connected with internal cirtuits. Inputs l1,l2,l3 and l4 are internally
connected together. Inputs liand kiare connected through shunt resistors. Please note, that CURRENT
INPUTS CAN NEVER BE USED FOR DIRECT MEASUREMENT! Always use only recommended supplied
current transformers with low-mA output.
12

L1
L2
L3
N
PE
L
N
SMC 144
Power Analyzer
ETH
NL1 L2 L3 L4 l1 k1 l2 k2 l3 k3 l4 k4
X1 X2 O- O+ R A1 A2 G B A G B/1 A/2
COM1 COM2 / DI
JP5W
JP5W
JP5W
JP5W
Figure 7: An example of typical installation and wiring diagram for SMC 144.
2.3.3 Peripherals
Function and connection possibilities will be illustrated on an example on figure 8. All peripherals stated below
are galvanically isolated from the rest of the instrument and from each other. Digital inputs shares the same
inputs with secondary RS-485, so they cannot be assembled both.
Primary RS-485
The primary communication line serves for remote reading of actual data, archive downloading and device
configuration. Primary RS-485 line uses terminals A,Bwith shielding at terminal Gof COM1 block. The final
points of the communication line have to be fitted with terminating resistance.
Digital Inputs (optional)
SMC 144 can be optionally equipped with two voltage sensitive digital inputs. It uses three terminals in
COM2/DI block — Gis common terminal, B/1 is first and A/2 is second digital input. Voltage lower than
3 V applied between Gand digital input B/1 or A/2 is evaluated as inactive state, voltage greater than 10 V is
evaluated as active state. On the example picture 8 there are two external switches in series with voltage source
of 24 VDC .
Secondary RS-485 (optional)
Optional secondary RS-485 communication line serves for connection of external I/O modules or remote display
unit. Secondary RS-485 line uses terminals A/2,B/1 with shielding at terminal Gof COM2/DI block. The
13

V
O=24V V
O=24V
SMC 144
Power Analyzer
ETH
NL1 L2 L3 L4 l1 k1 l2 k2 l3 k3 l4 k4
X1 X2 O- O+ R A1 A2 G B A G B/1 A/2
COM1 COM2 / DI
USB
RS-485
PC
PE
Figure 8: An usage example of digital I/Os.
final points of the communication line have to be fitted with terminating resistance.
M-Bus interface (optional)
M-Bus communication interface is intended for remote reading of gas or electricity meters. M-Bus interface uses
terminals A/2 and B/1 of COM2/DI block. Connection polarity is unimportant.
Digital Output (optional)
Digital outputs are implemented as optional relay switch or impulse output connected through terminals O+
and O-. In case of relay switch, polarity is not important, but when an semiconductor impulse output is used,
polarity of external voltage source must comply with terminal labels and example picture. There is an external
relay controlled by digital output in picture 8. Again, there must be external voltage source in series. When
impulse output is used, direct current voltage source of 24 V is recommended. In case of relay output, nominal
voltage of up to 230 VAC can be used.
Ethernet interface (optional)
Optional 10Base-T ethernet interface with RJ-45 connector described ETH is situated on a top panel of the
device. Ethernet interface can be used as substitution for the primary RS-485 for connection of the device to
LAN and for easy connection of portable computer for archive download.
2.4 Transferring Measured Data to PC
As with setting phase the device should be first connected to the computer where the program ENVIS.Daq runs.
Select the appropriate port, baud rate, address and press the Connect button. Next, press the button Refresh
All. This will load and display the actual status of each archive:
14

Figure 9: Download records window in program ENVIS.Daq
Device Information section contains editable description and name under which the actual record is stored.
Time Frame for Other Archives tab allows you to limit the date ranges of all archives by the time interval of
the main archive. In the Destination section the actual storage can be selected. In the actual version this can
be database or file (several formats). The .CEA file data can be imported into the database and vice versa.
The check boxes in Archives to Download determines which specific archive(s) you want to download. The
actual download will start by the download button — after confirming the program starts transferring the data.
Progress of the data acquisition is displayed in a window as in figure 10. After complete transmission the window
will close automatically. Data can be than viewed in the ENVIS Program.
Figure 10: A window providing information about the download progress.
15

3 Functional Description
3.1 Instrument Construction
SMC 144
Power Analyzer
ETH
NL1 L2 L3 L4 l1 k1 l2 k2 l3 k3 l4 k4
X1 X2 O- O+ R A1 A2 G B A G B/1 A/2
COM1 COM2 / DI
1 2 3456
7
89
Figure 11: Description of the SMC 144 instrument.
1. Input connector for auxiliary power supply voltage
2. Galvanically isolated digital relay or impulse output (optional)
3. Green instrument status LED
4. Two red configurable alarm LEDs
5. Primary communication RS-485 interface
6. Secondary RS-485 of M-Bus interface (optional) or two digital inputs (optional)
7. RJ-45 ethernet connector (optional)
8. Current inputs for externally connected current sensors
9. Voltage inputs for four measured voltages
3.2 Control
SMC 144 device has no control buttons. It simply works while connected to proper auxiliary voltage (see
Technical specifications). Communication using ENVIS software on your PC, which is the only way, how to
control SMC 144 device, was described in chapter 2.
3.2.1 Machine Status
SMC 144 can be in one of three basic states indicated by green LED. Function of green LED in conjunction with
10 seconds power-up interval and fixed baud rate communication was previously described in 2.2.1.
16

3.2.2 LED Codes
LED “PWR” (green) - device status:
(off) power supply voltage is not present, measurement is stopped
(slow blinking once per 2 s) normal operation, ready for connection
(fast blinking once per 400 ms) device is awaiting commands in fixed baud rate (see 2.2.1)
LED “A1” and “A2” (red) - configurable/alarm LEDs:
(off) configurable (e.g. alarm off)
(on) configurable (e.g. alarm on)
(blinking) configurable (e.g. electricity meter pulse output)
“PWR”, “A1” and “A2” LEDs while firmware upgrade is in progress:
erasing main program memory
receiving new firmware
3.3 The Method of Measurement and Evaluation of Individual Variables
Measurement includes three continuously performed processes: frequency evaluation, sampling voltage and cur-
rent signals and evaluation of these sampled data.
3.3.1 Measuring the Frequency of the Fundamental Harmonic Voltage Component
Frequency of the fundamental harmonic of voltage signal is continuously measured and evaluated every 10
seconds. The measured signal is a line voltage of first phase signal modified with a low pass filter. Frequency is
assessed as a percentage of the number of full cycles of the network established within each 10 seconds and the
cumulative duration of full cycles.
3.3.2 Measurement of Voltages and Currents
Voltage and current signals are evaluated continuously without gaps. Basic evaluation interval is ten/twelve
cycles of the network (200 ms for both 50 Hz or 60 Hz network). This evaluation forms the basis for all further
calculations. All channels are sampled at the frequency of 128 samples per network cycle. Sampling is controlled
by the measured frequency at the L1. If the value of the frequency is in measurable range it also controls the
sampling — sampling is automatically adjusted to the frequency change. Otherwise, the sampling runs according
to the preset nominal frequency (50 or 60 Hz). RMS voltage and currents are evaluated from the sampled values
for the measuring cycle according to equations:
Line-to-Neutral voltage (RMS):
U1=v
u
u
t
1
n
n
X
i=1
U2
1i
Line-to-Line voltage (RMS):
U12 =v
u
u
t
1
n
n
X
i=1
(U1i−U2i)2
17

Current (RMS):
I1=v
u
u
t
1
n
n
X
i=1
I2
1i
where: i............................. sample index
n............................ number of samples per cycle of measurement (128)
U1,i,U2,i,I1,i ........ individual samples of voltage and current
3.3.3 Evaluation of Powers and Power Factor (PF)
Powers and power factors are evaluated by the following relations. The formulas apply to the star type of
connection.
Active power:
P1=1
n
n
X
i=1
U1i×I1i
Reactive power:
Q1=
N
X
k=1
U1,k ×I1,k ×sin 4ϕ1,k
where: k................... index of the order of each harmonic
N.................. highest harmonic (63)
U1,k,I1,k ....... k-th harmonic of voltage and current (1st phase)
∆ϕ1,k ............ angle between U1,k ,I1,k (1st phase)
Apparent power:
S1=U1×I1
Distortion power:
D1=qS2
1−P2
1−Q2
1
Power factor:
P F1=|P1|
S1
Three-phase active power:
3P=P1+P2+P3
Three-phase reactive power:
3Q=Q1+Q2+Q3
Three-phase apparent power:
3S=S1+S2+S3
Three-phase distortion power:
3D=p3S2−3P2−3Q2
Three-phase power factor:
3P F =|3P|
3S
18

3.3.4 Evaluation of Harmonic Distortion
Using Fourier transform the instrument continuously evaluates harmonic distortion of voltages and currents up
to order 63. The calculation is performed by using a rectangular window of each measurement cycle (200 ms).
Following parameters are evaluated from the harmonic analysis:
Fundamental (= 1st) harmonic phase voltage:
Uf h1
Fundamental (= 1st) harmonic current:
If h1
The absolute angle of the phasors of the fundamental harmonic voltage components:
ϕU1
Phasor shift of the fundamental harmonic current phasors to Ufh1:
ϕI1
The angle between the corresponding phasors of the fundamental harmonic components of voltage and
current:
4ϕ1
The angle between a voltage and the corresponding current phasors of the i-th order:
4ϕi
Total harmonic distortion of voltage:
T HDU1=1
U1h1
v
u
u
t
63
X
i=2
U1h2
i×100%
Total harmonic distortion of current:
T HDI1=1
I1h1
v
u
u
t
63
X
i=2
I1h2
i×100%
Power factor (of the fundamental harmonic components):
cos 4ϕ1
Active power of the fundamental harmonic component:
P fh1=U fh1×Ifh1×cos4ϕ1
Reactive power of the fundamental harmonic component:
Qfh1=U fh1×Ifh1×sin4ϕ1
Three-phase active power of the fundamental harmonic components:
3P fh =P fh1+P f h2+P fh3
Three-phase reactive power of fundamental harmonic components:
3Qfh =Qf h1+Qfh2+Qf h3
Three-phase power factor of the fundamental harmonic components:
3cos4ϕ=cos arctan 3Qfh
3P fh
Power and power factors of the fundamental harmonic component (cos ϕ) are evaluated in 4 quadrants in
accordance with IEC 60375, see Fig. 12
19

Figure 12: Identification of demand, supply and power factor profile according to the phase angle factor (IEC
60375)
3.3.5 Symmetrical components
Voltage and current unbalances are evaluated on the basis of positive and negative sequence components of
fundamental harmonic.
Voltage unbalance:
unbU=negative sequence component
positive sequence component ×100%
Current unbalance:
unbI=negative sequence component
positive sequence component ×100%
Negative sequence current:
ϕnsl
3.3.6 Aggregation and Recording
Values are aggregated and stored in the archive in instrument memory according to the settings of the recording
interval. Aggregated (average) values are recorded by default for all selected parameters. Maximum/minimum
values can be separately selected to be recorded. This feature is off by default to save free space.
Aggregation of each interval starts at the beginning of the cycle (determined by RTC tick), following the
expiration of the previous time interval as required by the standards. If all the available memory capacity for
main archive is used than the archive creation stops or restarts according to the Main Archive configuration. If
’Cyclic Recording’ is not selected, the instrument stops recording until it is reconfigured (and thus erased) by
user or software. Otherwise the recording continues with the new measured values overwriting the oldest values
in memory (FIFO). The device contains the “latest” set of records, which corresponds to the memory capacity
of the actual device and configuration.
20
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