KTI KS-1080 User manual

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DOC.041215
KS-1080
Installation Guide

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(C) 2002 KTI Networks Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this documentation may be reproduced in
any form or by any means or used to make any directive work (such as translation or transformation)
without permission from KTI Networks Inc.
KTI Networks Inc. reserves the right to revise this documentation and to make changes in content
from time to time without obligation on the part of KTI Networks Inc. to provide notification of such
revision or change.
For more information, contact:
United States KTI Networks Inc.
P.O. BOX 631008
Houston, Texas 77263-1008
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
URL: http://www.ktinet.com/
International Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
URL: http://www.ktinet.com.tw/

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The information contained in this document is subject to change without prior notice. Copyright (C). All Rights Reserved.
TRADEMARKS
Ethernet is a registered trademark of Xerox Corp.
WARNING:
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC
Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not
installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference in which case the user will be
required to correct the interference at his own expense.
NOTICE:
(1) The changes or modifications not expressively approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's
authority to operate the equipment.
(2) Shielded interface cables and AC power cord, if any, must be used in order to comply with the emission limits.
CISPR A COMPLIANCE:
This device complies with EMC directive of the European Community and meets or exceeds the following technical standard.
EN 55022 - Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Interference Characteristics of Information Technology Equipment.
This device complies with CISPR Class A.
WARNING: This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the
user may be required to take adequate measures.
CE NOTICE
Marking by the symbol indicates compliance of this equipment to the EMC directive of the European Community. Such
marking is indicative that this equipment meets or exceeds the following technical standards:
EN 55022: Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Interference characteristics of Information Technology Equipment.
EN 50082/1:Generic Immunity Standard -Part 1: Domestic Commercial and Light Industry.
EN 60555-2: Disturbances in supply systems caused by household appliances and similar electrical equipment - Part 2:
Harmonics.

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................6
1.1 Features ................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Front and Rear Panels ........................................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Specifications ......................................................................................................................................... 8
2. Installation ............................................................................................................... 11
2.1 Unpacking ............................................................................................................................................ 11
2.2 Safety Cautions .................................................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Mounting the Switch ............................................................................................................................. 11
2.4 AC Power Supply .................................................................................................................................. 12
2.5 Making UTP Connections .................................................................................................................... 12
2.6 Making Power over Ethernet UTP Connections ..................................................................................12
2.7 Making Fiber Connections ................................................................................................................... 13
2.8 Configuring IP Address and Access Settings for the Switch............................................................... 14
2.9 Reset Button......................................................................................................................................... 14
2.10 LED Indicators.................................................................................................................................... 14
3. Advanced Functions...............................................................................................15
3.1 QoS Function ........................................................................................................................................ 15
3.1.1 Priority Level ...................................................................................................................................... 15
3.1.2 Egress Service Policy........................................................................................................................ 15
3.1.3 Packet Priority Classification............................................................................................................. 15
3.1.3.1 Port-based Priority Setting (per port setting).................................................................................. 16
3.1.3.2 802.1p Classification (per port setting) ......................................................................................... 16
3.1.3.3 DSCP Classification (per port setting)........................................................................................... 16
3.1.3.4 IP Network Address Classification ................................................................................................ 17
3.1.4 Other QoS Settings............................................................................................................................ 17
3.2 VLAN Function ...................................................................................................................................... 18
3.2.1 VLAN Operation ................................................................................................................................. 18
3.2.2 Ingress Rules.................................................................................................................................... 19
3.2.2.1 802.1Q Tag Aware VLAN Mode (global setting).............................................................................19
3.2.2.2 Ingress Member Filtering (global setting) ..................................................................................... 19
3.2.2.3 Unmatched VID Filtering (per port setting) .................................................................................... 19
3.2.3 VLAN Group Mapping ........................................................................................................................ 20
3.2.4 Packet Forwarding under VLAN ........................................................................................................ 20
3.2.5 Egress Tagging Rules ...................................................................................................................... 20
3.2.5.1 Egress Tag Rule (per port setting)................................................................................................. 20
3.2.5.2 Null VID Replacement (per port setting) ........................................................................................ 21
3.2.6 Summary of VLAN Function .............................................................................................................. 21
3.3 Power over Ethernet Function .............................................................................................................. 22
3.3.1 PoE Specifications ............................................................................................................................ 22
3.3.2 PoE PSE Capabilities ....................................................................................................................... 22
3.3.3.3 PoE Management functions........................................................................................................... 23
3.3.4 Notices for PoE Installation............................................................................................................... 23
4. Software Management ...........................................................................................24
4.1 Telnet Management Interface............................................................................................................... 24

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4.2 IP Menu ................................................................................................................................................. 25
4.3 SNMP Menu .......................................................................................................................................... 26
4.4 Port Config............................................................................................................................................ 27
4.5 Administrator ........................................................................................................................................ 28
4.5.1 Administrator -> VLAN Settings......................................................................................................... 28
4.5.2 Administrator -> QoS Settings .......................................................................................................... 32
4.5.3 Administrator -> PoE Settings........................................................................................................... 35
4.6 Restore Default Values ........................................................................................................................ 36
4.7 Security Manager .................................................................................................................................. 36
4.8 Update Firmware.................................................................................................................................. 36
4.9 Reboot System ..................................................................................................................................... 37
4.10 Exit ...................................................................................................................................................... 37
5. Web Management ...................................................................................................38
5.1 Start Browser Software and Making Connection ................................................................................. 38
5.2 Login to the Switch Unit........................................................................................................................ 38
5.3 Port Status Menu .................................................................................................................................. 40
5.4 Administrator ........................................................................................................................................ 41
5.4.1 Basic Menu ........................................................................................................................................ 41
5.4.2 Port Controls ..................................................................................................................................... 44
5.4.3 VLAN Controls ................................................................................................................................... 45
5.4.4 QoS Controls ..................................................................................................................................... 48
5.4.5 PoE Controls ..................................................................................................................................... 51
5.4.6 Security Manager ............................................................................................................................... 52
5.4.7 Image Refresh Time ......................................................................................................................... 52
5.4.8 Update Firmware............................................................................................................................... 53
5.4.9 Restore Default ................................................................................................................................. 53
5.4.10 Reboot System................................................................................................................................ 53
6. SNMP Management ................................................................................................54
6.1 MIB Objects........................................................................................................................................... 54
6.2 SNMP Traps ......................................................................................................................................... 54
Appendix. Factory Default Settings ..........................................................................55

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1. Introduction
The switch provides six 10/100Mbps Fast Ethernet switched copper ports and two 100Mbps fiber port
slots. The copper ports support auto-negotiation and auto MDI/MDI-X for easy making connections to
Fast Ethernet devices.
The switch also provides the following advantages:
Fiber Connections
The 100Mbps fiber port slots can accommodate a variety of optional fiber modules for multimode and
single mode fiber connections.
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
Four of the copper ports are equipped with IEEE standard Power over Ethernet (PoE) function. The
PoE function enables the ports to deliver DC power to the remote connected devices which are ca-
pable to receive operating power from the network cable. This allows to extend the network connec-
tions to a locations where the power line is difficult to reach.
Quality of Service (QoS)
For more multimedia applications over IP such as voice and video, the switch provides a very powerful
QoS function which allows high priority data to be forwarded with best performance. The provided
packet priority classifications are powerful and flexible to meet different application needs. The classi-
fications can be port-based, 802.1p-based, IP-DSCP-based, or IP network address based.
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
For VLAN environments, the switch provides a flexible VLAN mechanism to support eight different
VLANs at the same time. Each VLAN can be identified by full 12-bit VLAN ID value. Together with
powerful ingress filtering rules and egress tagging rules, the switch allows LAN administrators to build
a VLAN network easily.
Management
For configuration and management purpose, the switch is featured with the following management
interfaces:
• Telnet software over TCP/IP network
• SNMP manager software over TCP/IP network
• Web browser software from Internet or Intranet over TCP/IP network
• SNMP trap hosts from Internet or Intranet over TCP/IP network

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1.1 Features
• Fast Ethernet switch with 6 10/100TX TP ports and 2 100FX slots
• Auto MDI/MDI-X detection on all TP ports
• Auto-negotiation capable on all TP ports
• Port configuration control function
• IEEE 802.3af PoE PSE function on 4 TP ports
• 100FX slots support wide range of fiber options
- ST, SC, MT-RJ, VF-45, LC, single WDM SC
- Multi-modefiber, Single mode duplex fiber, Single fiber
- Short reach, medium reach, and long reach fiber connections
• Far End Fault function on FX ports
• Back pressure flow control for half duplex operation
• IEEE 802.3x flow control for full duplex operation
• Broadcast storm protection function
• Software management : Web, SNMP, telnet, SNMP trap
• QoSfunction
• VLAN function
• Provides comprehensive LED indication
• Support desktop, wall, and 19-inch rack mounting
1.2 Front and Rear Panels
The front panel and rear panel of the switch are shown as follows:

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1.3 Specifications
Network Ports
TP Copper Ports 6 fixed 10/100TX Twisted Pair Ports (P1 - P6)
PoE Function Ports 4 of the 6 10/100TX ports with configurable PoE PSE function (P1 - P4)
FX Ports 2 100FX fiber slots
10/100TX Twisted Pair Port (TP Port P1 ~ P6)
Compliance IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T, IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX
Connectors Shielded RJ-45 jacks
Pin assignments Auto MDI/MDI-X detection
Configuration Auto-negotiation capable or forced mode
Transmission rate 10Mbps, 100Mbps
Duplexsupport Full/Halfduplex
Flowcontrol IEEE 802.3x pause frame base for full duplex operation
Back pressure for half duplex operation
Network cable Cat.5 UTP
PoE function P1 ~ P4 with optional PoE PSE function
100FX Fiber Slots (FX Ports)
Compliance IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-FX
Configuration Forced 100Mbps, Full duplex (factory default)
Transmission rate 100Mbps
Far end fault function Capable to receive FEFI (far end fault indication) signal
Capable to send FEFI signal when Rx link failure detected
Flowcontrol IEEE 802.3x pause frame base for full duplex operation
Back pressure for half duplex operation
Optionalmodules Refer to Installation guide for optional fiber modules
Network cables MMF 50/125mm 60/125mm, SMF 9/125mm
Eye safety IEC 825 compliant
PoE Function
Compliance IEEE 802.3af
PoE PSE ports P1 ~ P4
PSE Pinout Alternative B
RJ-45 Pin 4,5 - Positive Vport
RJ-45 Pin 7,8 - Negative Vport
PSE level Class 0 for all ports
Maximumoutput 15.4W per PoE port
Port Output voltage Vport = 48VDC

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Control Enable/Disable via software control
Monitor Power status, power voltage, power current, watts
Switch Functions
Forwarding & filtering Non-blocking, full wire speed
Switchingtechnology Store and forward
Maximum packet length 1536 bytes
Broadcast storm 64 consecutive broadcast packets in 800ms
Protection by dropping broadcast storm packets
VLAN function Port-based VLAN & IEEE 802.1Q Tag-based VLAN
QoSfunction Port-based, 802.1p-based, IP DSCP-based, IP address-based
Port control Port configuration control via software management
Software Management Functions
Interfaces Web, telnet, SNMP MIB-II & private MIB, Traps
Management objects Port configuration control and status
Username and password settings
IP, SNMP related settings
VLAN function settings
QoS function setting
PoE function setting and status
Port Configuration Control Function
Configuration P1 ~ P6
Port control function Port TX/RX - enable, disable
Port mode - Auto (auto-negotiation), Forced
Port speed - 100Mbps, 10Mbps
Port duplex - full, half
Port Status Port mode, link, speed, duplex
VLAN Function
VLAN groups 8 groups
GlobalSettings VLAN Mode - Port-based, 802.1Q Tag Aware VLAN
Ingress member port filtering mode
VLAN Group Settings 12-bit VLAN ID
Member ports
Per Port Settings Default VLAN group index
Unmatched VID packet ingress filtering mode
Egress Tagging Rules

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Null VID replacement mode (Egress)
QoS Function
Priority level 2, High priority and Low priority
Priorityclassifications Port-based priority mode (per port setting)
802.1p classification (per port setting)
Default IP DSCP classification (per port setting)
2 user defined DSCP match classification (global)
2 user defined IP network address match classification (global)
802.1pprioritytag Threshold tag value setting for high priority (0 ~ 7)
Egress service policy Weighted round robin ratio : 16:1, always high first, 8:1, 4:1
LED Indicators
System Power status
Diag Diagnostic status
Per 10/100TX port TP port link status, 100M/10M status, duplex status
Per 100FX port FX port link status
Per PoE port PoE power status
Power Characteristics
Power supply Rating AC input : 100~240V / 50-60Hz
Input voltage range 90VAC ~ 264VAC
Input frequency range 47 ~ 63Hz
Power consumption 100W max. @AC110V (All PoE ports output maximum power.)
Environmental
Operating temperature -5oC ~ 40oC
Storage temperature -20oC ~ 85oC
Relativehumidity 5% ~ 95% noncondensing
Physical Characteristics
Dimension 295 x 160 x 43 mm (L x D x H)
Weight 1.5 Kg
Mounting Desktop, Wall mountable, 19-inch rack mountable
Electrical Approvals
FCC Part 15 rule Class A
CE EMC, CISPR22 Class A

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2. Installation
2.1 Unpacking
The product package contains:
•The switch unit
•One power cord
•One 19-inch rack mounting kit
•One product CD-ROM
2.2 Safety Cautions
To reduce the risk of bodily injury, electrical shock, fire, and damage to the equipment, observe the
followingprecautions.
•Do not service any product except as explained in your system documentation.
•Opening or removing covers may expose you to electrical shock.
•Only a trained service technician should service components inside these compartments.
•If any of the following conditions occur, unplug the product from the electrical outlet and replace
the part or contact your trained service provider:
- The power cable, extension cable, or plug is damaged.
- An object has fallen into the product.
- The product has been exposed to water.
- The product has been dropped or damaged.
- The product does not operate correctly when you follow the operating instructions.
• Do not push any objects into the openings of your system. Doing so can cause fire or electric
shock by shorting out interior components.
• Operate the product only from the type of external power source indicated on the electrical
ratings label. If you are not sure of the type of power source required, consult your service
provider or local power company.
2.3 Mounting the Switch
Desktop Mounting
The switch can be mounted on a desktop or shelf. Make sure that there is proper heat dissipation from
and adequate ventilation around the device. Do not place heavy objects on the device.
Rack Mounting
Two 19-inch rack mounting brackets are supplied with the switch for 19-inch rack mounting.

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The steps to mount the switch onto a 19-inch rack are:
1. Turn the power to the switch off.
2. Install two brackets with supplied screws onto the switch as shown in above figure.
2. Mount the switch onto 19-inch rack with rack screws securely.
3. Turn the power to the switch on.
2.4 AC Power Supply
One AC power cord which meets the specification of your country of origin was supplied with the
switch unit. Before installing AC power cord to the switch, make sure the AC power switch is in OFF
position and the AC power to the power cord is turned off.
The switch supports wide range of AC power input specifications as follows:
Power Rating : 100 ~ 240VAC, 50/60Hz, 100W max.
Voltage Range : 90 ~ 264VAC
Frequency : 47 ~ 63 Hz
2.5 Making UTP Connections
The10/100TXportssupportsthefollowingconnectiontypesanddistances:
Speed Compliance UTP Cables Distance
10Mbps IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Cat. 3, 4, 5, 5e 100 meters
100Mbps IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX Cat. 5, 5e 100 meters
The ports can be configured to one of the following operating modes:
Auto mode : The port is auto-negotiation enabled and uses the speed and duplex settings as the
highest port capability for negotiation with the auto-negotiation capable link partner.
Forced mode : The port is auto-negotiation disabled and uses the speed and duplex settings as the
connectionconfiguration.
2.6 Making Power over Ethernet UTP Connections
To deliver power and network signals to a remote device by using PoE function, make sure the follow-
ing conditions are properly checked before making connection:
1. The connected device is an IEEE 802.3af complaint Powered Device (PD).
2. The PoE PD port of the connected device should comply with the pin out as follows:
RJ-45 Definitions
Pin 4 Positive received power voltage
Pin 5 Positive received power voltage
Pin 7 Negative received power voltage
Pin 8 Negative received power voltage

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3. The network cable used should meet the definition below:
Straight Cat.5 PoE PSE RJ-45 end PoE PD RJ-45 MDI-X
Pin 1 ------------------ Pin 1
Pin 2 ------------------ Pin 2
Pin 3 ------------------ Pin 3
Pin 4 ------------------ Pin 4
Pin 5 ------------------ Pin 5
Pin 6 ------------------ Pin 6
Pin 7 ------------------ Pin 7
Pin 8 ------------------ Pin 8
Crossover Cat.5 PoE PSE RJ-45 PoE PD RJ-45 MDI-X
Pin 1 ------------------ Pin 3
Pin 2 ------------------ Pin 6
Pin 3 ------------------ Pin 1
Pin 4 ------------------ Pin 4
Pin 5 ------------------ Pin 5
Pin 6 ------------------ Pin 2
Pin 7 ------------------ Pin 7
Pin 8 ------------------ Pin 8
The PoE function is disabled with factory default settings. Use software management interface to
enable the PoE function for the switch and the PoE ports. Refer to the PoE function described in next
chapter for further information.
2.7 Making Fiber Connections
Beforemakingtheconnection,properlyinstallthe fiber module into an available100FXslotasfollows:
1. Turn off the power to the switch.
2. Remove the cover of the slot.
3. Insert the fiber module into the slot until it is seated properly.
4. Screw the module on the switch securely.
5. Turn on the power to the switch.
After module installation, follow the steps below to make a proper connection:
1. Use an appropriate fiber cable, multimode fiber or single mode fiber for the connection.
2. Make sure Tx-to-Rx connection rule is followed between both ends of the cable.
3. Configure the port via software management interface to : forced, 100Mbps, full duplex.

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2.8 Configuring IP Address and Access Settings for the Switch
The switch is shipped with the following factory default settings:
•IP address of the switch : 192.168.0.2 / 255.255.255.0
•User name : admin
•Password : 123
For security reason, it is recommended to change the default settings for the switch before deploying it
to your network. Refer to Telnet management interface:
To change IP address Use Telnet IP Menu
To change user name and password Use Telnet Security Manager menu
2.9 Reset Button
The reset button is located on the front panel. The button provides the following functions:
Operation Function
Press the button more than 5 second Restore the switch back to factory default settings
Press the button less than 5 seconds Reboot the switch
2.10 LED Indicators
LED Indication Display Interpretation
Power Unit Power status
On : Power is supplied to the unit
Off : No power is supplied to the unit
FR Unit Factory Reserved
Diag Unit Diagnostic status
On : CPUManagementininitialization
Off : Initializationcomplete
Link/Act. P1 - P6, F1, F2 Port Link / activity status
On : Port link on and no traffic
Off : Port link down
Blink:Port link on with traffic activity status (Tx/Rx)
100/10 P1 - P6 Port 100Mbps/10Mbps status
On : Port in 100Mbps
Off : Port in 10Mbps
FDX/Col. P1 - P6 PortFullduplex/Collision status
On : Port in full duplex
Off : Port in half duplex
Blink:Port in half duplex with collision status
PoE P1 - P4 Port PoE status
On : Port PoE power is supplied
Off : Port PoE power is not supplied

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3. Advanced Functions
To help a better understanding about the software management interfaces, this chapter describes some
advanced functions provided by the switch.
3.1 QoS Function
The switch provides a powerful Quality of Service (QoS) function to guide the packet forwarding in
two priority levels. The versatile classification methods can meet most of the application needs. The
following figure illustrates the QoS operation flow when a packet received on the input port until it is
transmitted out from the output port:
3.1.1 Priority Level
Each output (egress) port in the switch is equipped with two transmission priority queues to store the
packets for transmission. The high priority queue stores the high priority packets and low priority queue
stores the low priority packets.
3.1.2 Egress Service Policy
The packets in high priority queue and low priority queue are transmitted out from a port based on a
user configured round robin ratio, called egress service policy between high priority queue and low
priority queue. The switch provides four ratio options for the service policy:
•[ 4:1 ] : 4 high priority packets then 1 low priority packet
•[ 8:1 ] : 8 high priority packets then 1 low priority packet
•[ 16 :1 ] : 16 high priority packets then 1 low priority packet
•[Always high priority first] : Packets in high priority queue are sent first until the queue is empty
3.1.3 Packet Priority Classification
Each received packet is determined and classified into one of two priority levels, high priority and low
priority upon reception. The switch provides many classification methods including:
•Port based
•802.1p based
•IP DSCP based
•IP network address based
They all can be configured to be activated or not. Some are per port configuration and some are global
configuration for the switch. More than one classification method can be enabled at the same time. If
a packet is classified as high priority in any one of the enabled (applied) classifications, the packet is
forwarded to the high priority queue of the output port. Otherwise, it is classified as low priority.

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3.1.3.1 Port-based Priority Setting (per port setting)
As one port is configured to be enabled for port-based priority, all received packets on the port will be
classified as high priority. The options are:
Enable - All packets received on the port are classified as high priority
Disable - Port-based classification is not applied.
3.1.3.2 802.1p Classification (per port setting)
For a received 802.1Q VLAN tagged packet, the switch will check the 3-bit User Priority value in TCI
(Tag Control Information) field of packet tag data. If the priority value is equal or larger than a config-
ured 802.1p High Priority Tag Setting,the packet is classified as high priority.
Enable - Tagged packets received on the port are classified by comparing the packet’s User
Priority value and 802.1p High Priority Tag Threshold Setting.
Disable - 802.1p classification is not applied.
3.1.3.3 DSCP Classification (per port setting)
As a port is enabled for IP DSCP classification, the switch will check the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP)
value of the IP packets received on the port.
Enable - IP packets received on the port are classified by checking the packet’s DSCP value.
Disable - DSCP classification is not applied.
The following checks are performed to classify the packet priority:
1. Default DSCP : If the packet’s DSCP value is one the default code point listed below, the
packet is classified as high priority. EF - <101110>, AF - <001010> <010010> <011010>
<100010> and Network Control - <111000> <110000>.
2. User Defined DSCP : If the packet’s DSCP value matches the user defined DSCP(A) and
DSCP(B) settings, the packet is classified as high priority. DSCP(A) and DSCP(B) settings will
be described later.
User defined DSCP(A) and DSCP(B) can be enabled respectively.
User Defined DSCP(A) Classification (Global)
User can configure a specific DSCP value in DSCP(A) setting as high priority beside default DSCPs.
Enable - Enable DSCP(A) checking
Disable - DSCP(A) classification is not applied.
User Defined DSCP(B) Classification (Global)
User can configure a specific DSCP value in DSCP(B) setting as high priority beside default DSCPs.
Enable - Enable DSCP(B) checking
Disable - DSCP(B) classification is not applied.

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3.1.3.4 IP Network Address Classification
User can configured two IP network address settings, IP(A) and IP(B). If a received IP packet’s
source address or destination address belongs to the user defined IP network addresses. The packet is
classified as high priority.
User Defined IP(A) Classification (Global)
Enable - Enable IP(A) checking
Disable - IP(A) classification is not applied.
User Defined IP(B) Classification (Global)
Enable - Enable IP(B) checking
Disable - IP(B) classification is not applied.
3.1.4 Other QoS Settings
• 802.1p High Priority Tag Setting for 802.1p classification
• User Defined DSCP(A) Setting for DSCP classification
• User Defined DSCP(B) Setting for DSCP classification
• User Defined IP(A) Settings for IP network address classification
- IP(A) IP address setting
- IP(A) IP subnet mask setting
• User Defined IP(B) Settings for IP network address classification
- IP(B) IP address setting
- IP(B) IP subnet mask setting

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3.2 VLAN Function
The switch supports port-based VLAN, 802.1Q Tag Aware VLAN and eight VLAN groups. Some
VLAN related terminologies are described as follows:
VLAN Group
VLAN group specifies a VLAN information that can be referred by the switch in performing VLAN
mapping and packet forwarding for ingress port and the received packets. The information includes:
•Group Number : index number of the VLAN group ( 1 ~ 8 )
•VID (VLAN ID) : 12-bit value to indicate a VLAN to which the group is associated (1 ~ 4095)
•Member Ports : the ports belong to this VLAN group for egress
Ingress Port
Ingress port is the input port on which a packet is received.
Default VLAN Group Index (Port VLAN index)
Each port has this index, which points to a default VLAN group. It is used for mapping a VLAN group
for the ingress port under Port-based VLAN mode. It is also used for mapping to a VLAN group for
an untagged received packet under 802.1Q Tag Aware VLAN mode.
PVID (Port VID)
PVID is the default VID of an ingress port. It is obtained from the VID of the indexed default VLAN
group by the ingress port. It is often used in ingress packet filtering and egress tagging operation.
Egress Port
Egress port is the output port from which a packet is sent out after VLAN operation.
Null VID Packet
A tagged packet is called Null VID packet if the packet’s VID is equal to 0. Sometimes, it is also called
priority tag packet.
3.2.1 VLAN Operation
The following figure illustrates the basic VLAN operation flow beginning from a packet received on an
ingress port until it is transmitted from an egress port.

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The following sections describe the VLAN processes and related settings provided by the switch. A
global setting means the setting is applied to all ports of the switch. A per port setting means each port
can be configured for the setting respectively.
3.2.2 Ingress Rules
When a packet is received on an ingress port, the ingress rules are applied for packet filtering and
mapping a VLAN group. The first rule is :
3.2.2.1 802.1Q Tag Aware VLAN Mode (global setting)
Enable - 802.1Q Tag Aware VLAN mode is used
Disable - Port-based VLAN mode is used
802.1Q Tag Aware VLAN Mode
Under this mode, the switch will check the content of every received packets. For 802.1Q tagged
packets, the tagged VID on the packet is used to look up the VLAN group table and find the group
whose VID matches the packet tagged VID.
Received packet type VLAN group mapping Final VLAN group used
802.1Q Tagged packets Tagged VID Matched - use the matched VLAN group
No matched - drop the packet
Untagged packets Port VLAN index Default VLAN group of the ingress port
Port-based VLAN Mode
Under this mode, the switch does not check the contents of the received packets. The default VLAN
group indexed by the ingress port is used directly for further VLAN operation.
3.2.2.2 Ingress Member Filtering (global setting)
As this rule is enabled, the received packet is dropped if the ingress port is not the member port of the
mapped VLAN group.
Enable - Drop packet if the ingress port is not the member port of the VLAN group
Disable - No ingress member filtering is applied
3.2.2.3 Unmatched VID Filtering (per port setting)
A tagged received packet will be dropped if the tagged VID does not match the PVID of the ingress
port. PVID is the VID of ingress port’s default VLAN group.
Enable - Drop the tagged packet if the packet’s VID does not match the ingress port’s PVID
Disable - No Unmatched VID filtering is applied to the port

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3.2.3 VLAN Group Mapping
The VLAN group mapping is the switch’s decision process to find a right VLAN group for the re-
ceived packet when it is not filtered by ingress rules. The group mapping depends on the VLAN mode
and the packet type. The following table lists the decision rules:
VLAN Mode Packet Type Mapping Method
802.1Q Tag Aware Tagged & non-Null Use packet’s VID to loop up VLAN group table
Matched - use the group matched
Unmatched - drop the packet
802.1Q Tag Aware Null VID Use ingress port’s default VLAN group directly
802.1Q Tag Aware Untagged Use ingress port’s default VLAN group directly
Port-based VLAN Tagged Use ingress port’s default VLAN group directly
Port-based VLAN Untagged Use ingress port’s default VLAN group directly
3.2.4 Packet Forwarding under VLAN
The forwarding is a switch’s process to forward the received packet to one or more egress ports. The
process uses the following information as forwarding decision:
•The mapped VLAN group’s member ports : the port range for forwarding
•The packet’s destination MAC address : for MAC address table loop up
•The switch’s MAC address table : to find the associated input port for a learned MAC address
If the MAC address table lookup is matched and the associated port is the VLAN member port, the
packet is forwarded to the port (egress port). If the lookup is not matched, the switch will broadcast the
packet to all member ports.
3.2.5 Egress Tagging Rules
Egress Tagging rules are used to make change to the packet before it is transmitted out from an egress
port. Two egress tagging settings are provided for each port and are described as follows:
3.2.5.1 Egress Tag Rule (per port setting)
Four basic options are provided for egress tagging :
1. Tagging with PVID for all packets
Untagged packet : the packet is inserted with the associated ingress port’s PVID as tag VID
Tagged packet : the packet’s tag VID is replaced with ingress port’s PVID as new tag VID
2. Untagging for all packets
Untagged packet : the packet is not modified
Tagged packet : the packet’s tag VID is removed and becomes an untagged packet
Null VID packet : depending on Null VID Replacement setting in next section
3. PVID insertion for untagged packets only
Untagged packet : the packet is inserted with the associated ingress port’s PVID as tag VID
Tagged packet : the packet is not modified
4. No tag insertion and tag removal
The packet is not modified at all. No tag insertion or tag removal are performed for all packets.