Leadshine Technology ME432 User manual

User sManual
For
ME432
Economical MicrosteppingDriver
Version 1.0
2000 All Rights Reserved
Attention: Pleaseread thismanual carefully beforeusing the driver!
F/3, Block 2, Nanyou Tianan IndustryPark, Nanshan Dist, Shenzhen, China
PH. (86)755-26434369FAX[phone]
Web site: www.leadshine.com E-Mail: [e-mail]
The contentin thismanualhasbeencarefullypreparedandisbelievedto beaccurate,butno
responsibilityis assumedfor inaccuracies.
Leadshinereservestheright tomakechangeswithout furthernoticeto anyproductsherein to
improvereliability,function or design.Leadshinedoesnot assumeanyliabilityarising out of the
application or useof anyproductorcircuitdescribedherein;neitherdoesit conveyanylicense
underitspatentrightsof others.
Leadshine sgeneralpolicydoesnotrecommend theuse ofitsproductsin lifesupport oraircraft
applicationswhereinafailureormalfunctionoftheproductmaydirectlythreatenlifeorinjury.
According to Leadshine stermsand conditionsofsales,theuserof Leadshine sproductsinlife
support or aircraft applicationsassumesall risksofsuchuseand indemnifiesLeadshineagainstall
damages.
2000 byLeadshineTechnologyCompanyLimited.
All RightsReserved

Contents
I
Table ofContents
1. Introduction, Features andApplications ·································································· 1
Introduction········································································································· 1
Features··············································································································· 1
Applications ········································································································ 1
2. Specifications andOperating Environment ····························································· 1
ElectricalSpecifications ······················································································ 1
OperatingEnvironment andother Specifications················································· 1
MechanicalSpecifications··················································································· 2
3. PinAssignment andDescription·············································································· 2
Connector P1 Configurations ·············································································· 2
Connector P2 Configurations ·············································································· 3
4. ControlSignalConnector(P1) Interface ································································· 4
5. ConnectingtheMotor ····························································································· 4
Connectionsto4-leadMotors·············································································· 4
Connectionsto6-leadMotors·············································································· 5
Half CoilConfigurations ············································································· 5
Full CoilConfigurations·············································································· 5
Connectionsto8-leadMotors·············································································· 6
Series Connections ······························································································ 6
ParallelConnections···························································································· 6
6. Power SupplySelection ·························································································· 6
RegulatedorUnregulatedPower Supply····························································· 7
MultipleDrivers·································································································· 7
SelectingSupplyVoltage····················································································· 7
7. SelectingMicrostepResolution andDriver Output Current ···································· 7
MicrostepResolution Selection··········································································· 8
CurrentSettings ·································································································· 8
Dynamic Current Setting ············································································· 8
Standstill Current Setting············································································· 9
8.WiringNotes··········································································································· 9
Contents
II
9.TypicalConnection ································································································· 9
10.Sequence Chartof Control Signals ······························································ 10
11. ProtectionFunctions···························································································· 11
Over-voltage Protection····················································································· 11
Coil-groundShortCircuitProtection································································· 11
12.FrequentlyAskedQuestions················································································ 11
ProblemSymptoms and PossibleCauses··························································· 11
APPENDIX ·············································································································· 13
TwelveMonthLimitedWarranty······································································· 13
Exclusions········································································································· 13
ObtainingWarrantyService ·············································································· 13
WarrantyLimitations························································································· 13
ShippingFailedProduct ···················································································· 13

ME432Economical MicrosteppingDriverManualV1.0
Tel: [phone] 1WebSite: www.leadshine.com
1. Introduction, Features and Applications
Introduction
TheME432 isaneconomicalmicrostepping driverbasedonpatentedtechnologyof Leadshine.It
issuitablefor driving 2-phase and4-phasehybridstepping motors.Byusing theadvancedbipolar
constant-currentchopping technique, it canoutput morespeedand torquefromthesamemotor,
comparedwith traditionaldrivers,suchasL/Rdrivers.Its3-statecurrentcontrol technology
allowscoilcurrentstobewellcontrolledandwith relativelysmall currentripple,thereforeless
motor heating is achieved.
Features
lLow costand good high-speedtorque
lSupplyvoltage upto +40VDC
lOutput currentupto 3.2A
lOpticallyisolatedinputsignals
lPulse frequencyup to 200KHz
lAutomaticidle-current reduction
l3-statecurrent control technology
l15 selectableresolutions
lSuitablefor2-phase and4-phasmotors
lDIPswitchcurrentsetting with8different
values
lCW/CCWmodeavailable(optional)
lOver-voltageandshort-circuitprotection
lSmall size(115*67.7*25mm)
Applications
Suitableforawiderangeofstepping motorsfrom Nemasize 16to 23.Itcanbeusedinvariouskinds
of machines,suchasX-Ytables,labeling machines, lasercutters,engravingmachines, pick-place
devices, andsoon.Particularlyadapttotheapplicationsdesiredwithlowvibration,highspeedand
high precision.
2. Specifications and Operating Environment
Electrical Specifications (Tj =25 )
ME432
Parameters Min Typical Max Unit
Output current 1.0 - 3.2(2.29ARMS) A
Supplyvoltage 20 36 40 VDC
Logicsignalcurrent 7 10 16 mA
Pulse inputfrequency 0 - 200 KHz
Isolationresistance 500 MΩ
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OperatingEnvironment and otherSpecifications
Cooling NaturalCoolingor Forcedcooling
Environment Avoid dust,oilfog and corrosivegases
Ambient Temperature 0 －50
Humidity 40%RH －90%RH
Operating Temperature 70Max
OperatingEnvironment
Vibration 5.9m/s2 Max
StorageTemperature -20 －65
Weight Approx. 200 gram (7.06 oz)
Mechanical Specifications (unit:mm, 1inch=25.4mm)
Figure1: Mechanical specifications
*Recommendedto usesidemounting forbetterheat dissipation
Eliminationof Heat
lDriver sreliable working temperatureshould be<65,and motor working temperatureshould
be <80;
lRecommend useautomaticidle-current reduction mode, namelycurrentautomaticallybe
reducedto60% whenmotor stops, soas to reducedriverheatingand motor heating;
lRecommend use side mountingtomaximizeheat sink area.

ME432 Economical Microstepping DriverManualV1.0
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3. PinAssignmentand Description
TheME432 hastwo connectors, connector P1forcontrolsignalsconnections, andconnector P2for
powerandmotorconnections. Thefollowingtablesarebriefdescriptionsofthetwo connectorsofthe
ME432. Moredetaileddescriptionsof thepins and relatedissuesarepresentedinsection 4, 5, 9.
ConnectorP1Configurations
PinFunction Details
PUL+(+5V)
PUL-(PUL)
Pulsesignal: Insinglepulse(pulse/direction)mode,thisinputrepresentspulse
signal,effectivefor eachrisingorfalling edge(setbyinsidejumperJ1); 4-5V
whenPUL-HIGH,0-0.5VwhenPUL-LOW.In double pulse mode
(pulse/pulse),thisinputrepresentsclockwise(CW)pulse，effectivefor high
levelorlowlevel(setbyinsidejumperJ1).For reliableresponse, pulsewidth
should belongerthan2.5μs. Seriesconnect resistorsforcurrent-limiting when
+12Vor +24Vused.
DIR+(+5V)
DIR-(DIR)
DIR signal: Insingle-pulse mode,thissignalhaslow/highvoltagelevels,
representing twodirectionsof motor rotation;in double-pulsemode(setby
insidejumperJ2),thissignaliscounter-clock(CCW)pulse，effectivefor high
levelorlowlevel(setbyinsidejumperJ1).Forreliablemotionresponse, DIR
signalshould beaheadof PULsignalby5μsatleast.4-5VwhenDIR-HIGH,
0-0.5VwhenDIR-LOW.
ENA+(+5V)
ENA+(ENA)
Enablesignal: Thissignalisusedforenabling/disabling thedriver.High level
for enablingthedriverandlowlevelfordisabling thedriver.Usuallyleft
unconnected(enabled).
SelectingEffectivePulse Edge orEffectiveLeveland Control Signal Mode
Therearetwo jumpersJ1and J2insidetheME432 specificallyfor selecting effectivepulseedgeor
effectiveleveland controlsignalmode,asshown infigure2.DefaultsettingisPUL/DIR modeand
upward-rising edge effective.
(a)J1, J2 opencircuit (b) J1 short circuit, J2 opencircuit
PUL/DIRmodeand effectiveinupward-risingedgePUL/DIRmodeand effectiveindownward-falling edge
(c)J1 opencircuit, J2short circuit(d) J1, J2short circuit
CW/CCWmodeandeffectiveCW/CCWmodeand effective
inhigh level (Thefixedlevel)inlow level (Thefixedlevel)
Figure2: J1and J2jumpers
ME432 Economical Microstepping DriverManualV1.0
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ConnectorP2Configurations
Pin Function Details
Gnd DC powerground
+V DC powersupply,20~40VDC,Includingvoltagefluctuation and EMF
voltage.
A+, A- Motor PhaseA
B+,B- Motor Phase B
4. ControlSignalConnector(P1)Interface
TheME432canacceptdifferentialandsingle-endedinputs(includingopen-collectorandPNP
output).TheME432 has3opticallyisolatedlogicinputswhicharelocatedonconnectorP1toaccept
linedrivercontrol signals.These inputs areisolatedtominimizeoreliminateelectricalnoisescoupled
onto thedrivecontrol signals.Recommend uselinedrivercontrolsignalsto increasenoiseimmunity
of thedriverininterferenceenvironments.Inthefollowing figures,connectionsto open-collector and
PNPsignalsareillustrated.
Figure3: Connections toopen-collectorsignal (common-anode)
Figure4: ConnectiontoPNPsignal (common-cathode)

ME432 Economical Microstepping DriverManualV1.0
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5. Connecting the Motor
The ME432drivercandriveany2-pahse and4-pahse hybridstepping motors.
Connections to4-lead Motors
4leadmotorsaretheleastflexiblebuteasiestto wire.Speedand torquewilldepend on winding
inductance.Insetting thedriveroutputcurrent,multiplythespecifiedphasecurrent by1.4to
determinethe peakoutputcurrent.
Figure5: 4-leadMotor Connections
Connections to6-lead Motors
Like8leadstepping motors,6leadmotorshavetwo configurationsavailableforhigh speedor high
torqueoperation.Thehigherspeedconfiguration,or halfcoil, issodescribedbecauseit usesonehalf
of themotor sinductor windings.Thehighertorqueconfiguration,or full coil,uses thefullwindings
of thephases.
Half CoilConfigurations
Aspreviouslystated,thehalf coil configuration uses50% of themotor phasewindings.Thisgives
lowerinductance, hence,lowertorqueoutput.Liketheparallelconnection of8leadmotor,thetorque
output willbemorestableathigherspeeds. Thisconfiguration isalsoreferredto ashalf chopper.In
settingthedriveroutput currentmultiplythespecifiedperphase (or unipolar)currentratingby1.4to
determinethe peakoutputcurrent.
Figure6: 6-leadmotor halfcoil (higherspeed) connections
Full CoilConfigurations
Thefull coilconfiguration on asix leadmotor should beusedinapplicationswherehighertorqueat
lowerspeedsisdesired.Thisconfiguration isalsoreferredto asfull copper.Infull coil mode,the
ME432 Economical Microstepping DriverManualV1.0
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motorsshould be run atonly70%of theirratedcurrenttoprevent overheating.
Figure7: 6-leadmotor full coil (highertorque)connections
Connections to8-lead Motors
8leadmotorsofferahighdegreeofflexibilitytothesystemdesignerinthat theymaybeconnected
in seriesor parallel, thussatisfyinga wide rangeofapplications.
Series Connections
Aseriesmotorconfiguration would typicallybeusedin applicationswherea highertorqueatlower
speedsisrequired. Because thisconfiguration hasthe mostinductance,the performancewillstartto
degradeathigherspeeds. In series mode, the motorsshould alsobe run atonly70%of theirrated
currenttoprevent overheating.
Figure8: 8-leadmotor seriesconnections
ParallelConnections
An 8leadmotorin aparallelconfigurationoffersa morestable,but lowertorqueatlowerspeeds. But
becauseofthelowerinductance,therewillbehighertorqueathigherspeeds.Multiplytheperphase
(or unipolar)current rating by1.96,or thebipolarcurrentrating by1.4,to determinethepeakoutput
current.
Figure9: 8-leadmotor parallel connections

ME432 Economical Microstepping DriverManualV1.0
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6. PowerSupply Selection
TheME432 canmatchmediumand small sizestepping motors(fromNEMAsize 16 to 23) madeby
Leadshineorothermotor manufacturesaround theworld. Toachievegooddrivingperformances, itis
important to selectsupplyvoltageandoutputcurrent properly.Generallyspeaking,supplyvoltage
determinesthehigh speedperformance of themotor,whileoutput current determinestheoutput
torqueof thedrivenmotor (particularlyatlowerspeed).Highersupplyvoltagewill allow higher
motor speedtobe achieved,atthepriceofmorenoise andheating.Ifthemotionspeedrequirement is
low, it sbettertouse lowersupplyvoltageto decrease noise,heating and improvereliability.
Regulated orUnregulated PowerSupply
Both regulatedandunregulatedpowersuppliescanbeusedtosupplythedriver.However,
unregulatedpowersuppliesarepreferredduetotheir abilityto withstand currentsurge. If regulated
powersupplies(suchasmostswitchingsupplies.)areindeedused,itisimportanttohavelarge
currentoutputratingto avoid problemslikecurrent clamp,forexampleusing4Asupplyfor3A
motor-driveroperation. On the otherhand,if unregulatedsupplyisused, one mayuse a powersupply
of lowercurrent ratingthanthatof motor (typically50%～70%ofmotor current).Thereason isthat
thedriverdrawscurrentfromthepowersupplycapacitoroftheunregulatedsupplyonlyduringthe
ON duration of thePWM cycle,but not during theOFF duration.Therefore, theaveragecurrent
withdrawn frompowersupplyisconsiderablyless thanmotor current.For example, two 3Amotors
canbe wellsuppliedbyone powersupplyof4Arating.
Multiple Drivers
It isrecommendedtohavemultipledriversto shareonepowersupplytoreducecost,if thesupply
hasenoughcapacity.Toavoid cross interference, DO NOT daisy-chainthepowersupplyinputpins
of thedrivers. (Instead,please connectthem to powersupplyseparately.)
Attention: NEVERconnectpowerandground inthewrong direction,asitwilldamage theME432.
SelectingSupply Voltage
ThepowerMOSFETSinsidetheME432canactuallyoperate within+20V－+40VDC,including
powerinput fluctuation and backEMF voltagegeneratedbymotor coilsduring motor shaft
deceleration.Highersupplyvoltagecanincreasemotor torqueathigherspeeds,thushelpfulfor
avoiding losing steps.However,highervoltagemaycausebiggermotor vibrationatlowerspeed,and
it mayalsocauseover-voltageprotection orevendriverdamage. Therefore,itissuggestedtochoose
onlysufficientlyhigh supplyvoltagefor intendedapplications, and itissuggestedto use power
supplieswiththeoreticaloutputvoltageof+24～+36V,leavingroomfor powerfluctuation and
back-EMF.
ME432 Economical Microstepping DriverManualV1.0
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7. Selecting Microstep Resolution and DriverOutputCurrent
Thisdriverusesan8-bitDIPswitchtosetmicrostepresolution,and motoroperating current,as
shown below:
Microstep Resolution Selection
Microstepresolution issetbySW5, 6, 7, 8ofthe DIPswitch as shown in thefollowing table:
Microstep Steps/rev.(for 1.8°motor) SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8
2 400 OFF ON ON ON
4 800 ON OFF ON ON
8 1600 OFF OFF ON ON
16 3200 ON ON OFF ON
32 6400 OFF ON OFF ON
64 12800 ON OFF OFF ON
128 25600 OFF OFF OFF ON
5 1000 ON ON ON OFF
10 2000 OFF ON ON OFF
20 4000 ON OFF ON OFF
25 5000 OFF OFF ON OFF
40 8000 ON ON OFF OFF
50 10000 OFF ON OFF OFF
100 20000 ON OFF OFF OFF
125 25000 OFF OFF OFF OFF
Current Settings
For agivenmotor,higherdrivercurrentwillmakethemotor to output moretorque, butatthesame
timecausesmoreheating inthe motor and driver.Therefore,output currentisgenerallysettobesuch
thatthemotor will notoverheatforlong time operation.Sinceparalleland serialconnectionsof
motor coilswill significantlychangeresulting inductance and resistance, itisthereforeimportantto
setdriveroutputcurrentdepending onmotorphasecurrent,motor leadsandconnection methods.
Phasecurrentrating suppliedbymotor manufacturerisimportantin selecting drivercurrent,however
the selectionalsodependsonleadsand connections.
Thefirstthreebits(SW1,2,3) oftheDIPswitchareusedto setthedynamiccurrent.Selectasetting

ME432 Economical Microstepping DriverManualV1.0
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closestto yourmotor srequiredcurrent.
DynamicCurrentSetting
Peakcurrent(A) RMS (A) SW1 SW2 SW3
1.00A 0.71A ON ON ON
1.31A 0.94A OFF ON ON
1.63A 1.16A ON OFF ON
1.94A 1.39A OFF OFF ON
2.24A 1.60A ON ON OFF
2.55A 1.82A OFF ON OFF
2.87A 2.05A ON OFF OFF
3.20A 2.29A OFF OFF OFF
Notes: Duetomotor inductance, theactualcurrent in thecoil maybesmallerthanthedynamic
currentsettings,particularlyunderhigh speedcondition.
Standstill CurrentSetting
SW4isusedfor thispurpose.OFF meaning thatthestandstillcurrent issettobehalf oftheselected
dynamiccurrent,andON meaningthatstandstillcurrentissettobethesame astheselecteddynamic
current.
Thecurrentautomaticallyreducedto60%oftheselecteddynamiccurrent0.4second afterthelast
pulse.Theoretically,thiswillreduce motorheating to36%(duetoP=I2*R) oftheoriginalvalue.If
theapplication needsadifferentstandstillcurrent,please contactLeadshine.
8. Wiring Notes
lIn orderto improveanti-interference performance of thedriver,it isrecommendedto use
twistedpairshield cable.
lToprevent noiseincurredin PUL/DIR signal,pulse/directionsignalwiresandmotor wires
should not betiedup together.It isbetterto separatethembyatleast10 cm,otherwisethe
disturbing signalsgeneratedbymotor will easilydisturb pulsedirection signals,causing motor
position error,systeminstabilityand otherfailures.
lIf apowersupplyservesseveraldrivers,separatelyconnecting thedriversisrecommended
insteadof daisy-chaining.
lIt isprohibitedtopull and plugconnector P2whilethedriverispoweredON,becausethereis
high currentflowing throughmotor coils(evenwhenmotor isat standstill).Pulling or plugging
connector P2with poweron willcauseextremelyhigh back-EMF voltagesurge,whichmay
damage the driver.
ME432 Economical Microstepping DriverManualV1.0
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9. TypicalConnection
Acompletestepping systemshould includestepping motor,stepping driver,powersupplyand
controller(pulse generator).Atypicalconnectionisshown asfigure 10.
Figure10:Typical connection
10.Sequence Chart of Control Signals
In ordertoavoidsomefaultoperationsanddeviations,PUL,DIR andENAsignalsmustabideby
somerules,asshown in thefollowing diagram(assuming J1default setting isupward-rising edge
effective):
Figure11:Sequence chart of control signals

ME432 Economical Microstepping DriverManualV1.0
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Remark:
(1) t1:ENAmustbeaheadof DIR byatleast5μs,logicHIGH aseffective.GenerallyENA+
and ENA- isNC (not connected).
(2) t2:DIRmustbeaheadofPULeffectivefallingedgebyatleast5μsto ensurecorrect
direction;
(3) t3:Pulse width not less than2.5μs;
(4) t4:lowlevelwidth notless than2.5μs.
11. Protection Functions
Toimprove reliability,the driverincorporatessome built-in protectionsfeatures.
Over-voltageProtection
Whenpowersupplyvoltageexceeds+45VDC,protectionwillbeactivatedandpowerindicatorLED
will turn red.Whenpowersupplyvoltageislowerthan+17VDC, the driverwillnot worksproperly.
Coil-ground Short CircuitProtection
Protectionwillbe activatedincase of shortcircuitbetweenmotor coilandground.
Attention:Since thereisno protection againstpowerleads(﹢,﹣)reversal,itiscriticaltomake
surethatpowersupplyleadscorrectlyconnectedto thedriver.Otherwise, thedriverwill bedamaged
instantly.
12. FrequentlyAsked Questions
In theeventthatyour ME432doesn toperateproperly,thefirststepistoidentifywhetherthe
problemiselectricalormechanicalin nature.Thenextstepistoisolatethesystemcomponent that
iscausingtheproblem.Aspart of thisprocess you mayhavetodisconnecttheindividual
componentsthatmake up your systemandverifythattheyoperate independently.It isimportantto
document eachstepin the troubleshooting process.You mayneedthisdocumentation to referback
to atalaterdate,andthese detailswill greatlyassistourTechnical Support staffindeterminingthe
problemshould youneedassistance.
Manyoftheproblemsthataffectmotioncontrol systemscanbetracedto electricalnoise,
controllersoftware errors, ormistakein wiring.
ME432 EconomicalMicrosteppingDriver
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Problem Symptoms and Possible Causes
Symptoms Possible Problems
No power
Microstepresolution settingiswrong
DIPswitchcurrent setting iswrong
Fault condition exists
Motorisnot rotating
The driverisdisabled
Motorrotatesin thewrongdirection Motor phasesmaybeconnectedin reverse
DIPswitchcurrent setting iswrong
The driverinfault Something wrong with motorcoil
Control signalistoo weak
Control signalisinterfered
Wrong motor connection
Something wrong with motorcoil
Erratic motormotion
Current settingistoo small, losingsteps
Current settingistoo small
Motor isundersizedfortheapplication
Acceleration issettoo high
Motorstallsduringacceleration
Powersupplyvoltage toolow
Inadequateheatsinking /cooling
Automaticcurrent reductionfunctionnot beingutilized
Excessive motorand driverheating
Current issettoohigh

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APPENDIX
TwelveMonth Limited Warranty
LeadshineTechnologyCo., Ltd.warrantsitsproductsagainstdefectsinmaterialsand
workmanship for aperiod of12monthsfromshipment outof factory.Duringthewarrantyperiod,
Leadshine willeither,atitsoption, repairor replace productswhichprovedto be defective.
Exclusions
The abovewarrantydoesnotextend toanyproductdamagedbyreasonsof improperor inadequate
handlingsbycustomer,improperor inadequatecustomerwirings,unauthorizedmodificationor
misuse, oroperationbeyondtheelectricalspecificationsoftheproductand/oroperationbeyond
environmentalspecificationsforthe product.
ObtainingWarrantyService
Toobtainwarrantyservice,areturnedmaterialauthorization number(RMA) mustbeobtained
fromcustomerserviceate-mail: [e-mail] beforereturningproductforservice.
Customershall prepayshippingchargesfor productsreturnedtoLeadshinefor warrantyservice,
and Leadshine shallpayfor returnof productstocustomer.
WarrantyLimitations
Leadshinemakes no otherwarranty,eitherexpressedor implied,withrespectto theproduct.
Leadshinespecificallydisclaimstheimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityand fitness fora
particularpurpose. Somejurisdictionsdo notallow limitationsonhow long andimpliedwarranty
lasts, sothe abovelimitationor exclusionmaynot applytoyou.However,anyimpliedwarrantyof
merchantabilityor fitness islimitedtothe 12-month duration ofthiswrittenwarranty.
ShippingFailed Product
If yourproductfail during thewarrantyperiod,e-mail customerserviceat [e-mail] to
obtain areturnedmaterialauthorization number(RMA) beforereturning productforservice.
Please includeawrittendescription oftheproblemalongwithcontactname andaddress. Send
failedproducttodistributor in yourareaor:LeadshineTechnologyCo., Ltd.Floor 3,Block2,
Nanyou TiananIndustryPark,NanshanDist,Shenzhen,China. Alsoencloseinformationregarding
thecircumstances prior toproductfailure.