Leadshine Technology M542T User manual

User's Manual
For
M542T
High Performance Microstepping Driver
Version 1.0
.2011 All Rights Reserved
Attention: Please read this manual carefully before using the driver!

M542T Microstepping Driver Manual V1.0
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1. Introduction, Features and Applications
Introduction
The M542T is a high performance micro stepping driver based on pure-sinusoidal current control technology. Owing to the above
technology and the self-adjustment technology (self-adjust current control parameters) according to different motors, the driven
motors can run with smaller noise, lower heating, smoother movement and have better performances at higher speed than most of
the drivers in the markets. It is suitable for driving 2-phase and 4-phase hybrid stepping motors.
Features
High performance, cost-effective
Supply voltage up to 50DC
Output current up to 4.5A
Self-adjustment technology
Pure-sinusoidal current control technology
Pulse input frequency up to 300 KHz
TTL compatible and optically isolated input
Automatic idle-current reduction
16 selectable resolutions in decimal and binary, up to 51,200 steps/rev
Suitable for 2-phase and 4-phase motors
Short-voltage, over-voltage, over-current and short-cicuit protection
Applications
Suitable for a wide range of stepping motors, from NEMA size 17 to 34. It can be used in various kinds of machines, such as X-Y
tables, labeling machines, laser cutters, engraving machines, pick-place devices, and so on. Particularly adapt to the applications
desired with low noise, low heating, high speed performance.
2. Specifications
Electrical Specifications (Tj= 25℃/77℉)
Parameters
M542T
Min
Typical
Max
Unit
Output current
1.5
-
4.5(3 RMS)
A
Supply voltage
+24
+36
+50
VDC
Logic signal current
7
10
16
mA
Pulse input frequency
0
-
300
KHz
Isolation resistance
500
MΩ
Operating Environment and other Specifications
Cooling
Natural Cooling or Forced cooling
Operating Environment
Environment
Avoid dust, oil fog and corrosive gases
Ambient Temperature
0℃－ 50℃(32℉ － 122℉)
Humidity
40%RH －90%RH
Operating Temperature
70℃(158℉) Max
Vibration
5.9m/s2 Max
Storage Temperature
-20 ℃ － 65℃(-4℉ － 149℉)
Weight
Approx. 290g

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Mechanical Specifications (unit: mm)
Figure 1: Mechanical specifications
Elimination of Heat
*Recommend use side mounting for better heat dissipation
Driver’s reliable working temperature should be <70℃(158℉), and motor working temperature should be <80℃(176℉);
It is recommended to use automatic idle-current mode, namely current automatically reduce to 60% when motor stops, so as to
reduce driver heating and motor heating;
It is recommended to mount the driver vertically to maximize heat sink area. Use forced cooling method to cool the system if
necessary.
3. Pin Assignment and Description
The M542T has two connectors, connector P1 for control signals connections, and connector P2 for power and motor connections.
The following tables are brief descriptions of the two connectors. More detailed descriptions of the pins and related issues are
presented in section 4, 5, 9.
Connector P1 Configurations
Pin Function
Details
PUL+
Pulse signal: In single pulse (pulse/direction) mode, this input represents pulse signal; 4-5V when PUL-HIGH, 0-0.5V when
PUL-LOW. For reliable response, pulse width should be longer than 1.5μs. Series connect resistors for current-limiting
when+12V or +24V used. The same as DIR and ENA signals.
PUL-
DIR+
DIR signal: In single-pulse mode, this signal has low/high voltage levels, representing two directions of motor rotation. For
reliable motion response, DIR signal should be ahead of PUL signal by 5μs at least. 4-5V when DIR-HIGH,0-0.5V when
DIR-LOW. Please note that motion direction is also related to motor-driver wiring match. Exchanging the connection of two
wires for a coil to the driver will reverse motion direction.
DIR-
ENA+
Enable signal: This signal is used for enabling/disabling the driver. High level(NPN control signal, PNP and Differential control
signals are on the contrary, namely Low level for enabling.) for enabling the driver and low level for disabling the driver.
Usually left UNCONNECTED (ENABLED)
ENA-

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Connector P2 Configurations
Pin Function
Details
DC+
Power supply, 20~50 VDC, Including voltage fluctuation and EMF voltage.
DC-
A+, A-
Motor Phase A
B+, B-
Motor Phase B
4. Control Signal Connector (P1) Interface
The M542T can accept differential and single-ended inputs (including open-collector and PNP output). The M542T has 3 optically
isolated logic inputs which are located on connector P1 to accept line driver control signals. These inputs are isolated to minimize or
eliminate electrical noises coupled onto the drive control signals. Recommend use line driver control signals to increase noise
immunity of the driver in interference environments. In the following figures, connections to open-collector and PNP signals are
illustrated.
Figure 3: Connections to open-collector signal (common-anode)
Figure 4: Connection to PNP signal (common-cathode)

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5. Connecting the Motor
The M542T can drive any 2-pahse and 4-pahse hybrid stepping motors.
Connections to 4-lead Motors
4 lead motors are the least flexible but easiest to wire. Speed and torque will depend on winding inductance. In setting the driver
output current, multiply the specified phase current by 1.4 to determine the peak output current.
Connections to 6-lead Motors
Figure 5: 4-lead Motor Connections
Like 8 lead stepping motors, 6 lead motors have two configurations available for high speed or high torque operation. The higher
speed configuration, or half coil, is so described because it uses one half of the motor’s inductor windings. The higher torque
configuration, or full coil, uses the full windings of the phases.
Half Coil Configurations
As previously stated, the half coil configuration uses 50% of the motor phase windings. This gives lower inductance, hence, lower
torque output. Like the parallel connection of 8 lead motor, the torque output will be more stable at higher speeds. This configuration
is also referred to as half chopper. In setting the driver output current multiply the specified per phase (or unipolar) current rating by
1.4 to determine the peak output current.
Full Coil Configurations
Figure 6: 6-lead motor half coil (higher speed) connections
The full coil configuration on a six lead motor should be used in applications where higher torque at lower speeds is desired. This
configuration is also referred to as full copper. In full coil mode, the motors should be run at only 70% of their rated current to prevent
over heating.
Figure 7: 6-lead motor full coil (higher torque) connections

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Connections to 8-lead Motors
8 lead motors offer a high degree of flexibility to the system designer in that they may be connected in series or parallel, thus
satisfying a wide range of applications.
Series Connections
A series motor configuration would typically be used in applications where a higher torque at lower speeds is required. Because this
configuration has the most inductance, the performance will start to degrade at higher speeds. In series mode, the motors should
also be run at only 70% of their rated current to prevent over heating.
Parallel Connections
Figure 8: 8-lead motor series connections
An 8 lead motor in a parallel configuration offers a more stable, but lower torque at lower speeds. But because of the lower
inductance, there will be higher torque at higher speeds. Multiply the per phase (or unipolar) current rating by 1.96, or the bipolar
current rating by 1.4, to determine the peak output current.
6. Power Supply Selection
Figure 9: 8-lead motor parallel connections
The M542T can match Large and small size stepping motors (from Nema size 17 to 34) made by NC-Tech or other motor
manufactures around the world. To achieve good driving performances, it is important to select supply voltage and output current
properly. Generally speaking, supply voltage determines the high speed performance of the motor, while output current determines
the output torque of the driven motor (particularly at lower speed). Higher supply voltage will allow higher motor speed to be
achieved, at the price of more noise and heating. If the motion speed requirement is low, it’s better to use lower supply voltage to
decrease noise, heating and improve reliability.
Regulated or Unregulated Power Supply
Both regulated and unregulated power supplies can be used to supply the driver. However, unregulated power supplies are
preferred due to their ability to withstand current surge. If regulated power supplies (such as most switching supplies.) are indeed
used, it is important to have large current output rating to avoid problems like current clamp, for example using 4A supply for 3A
motor-driver operation. On the other hand, if unregulated supply is used, one may use a power supply of lower current rating than
that of motor (typically 50%～70% of motor current). The reason is that the driver draws current from the power supply capacitor of
the unregulated supply only during the ON duration of the PWM cycle, but not during the OFF duration. Therefore, the average
current withdrawn from power supply is considerably less than motor current. For example, two 3A motors can be well supplied by
one power supply of 4A rating.
Multiple Drivers
It is recommended to have multiple drivers to share one power supply to reduce cost, if the supply has enough capacity. To avoid

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cross interference, DO NOT daisy-chain the power supply input pins of the drivers. (Instead, please connect them to power supply
separately.)
Selecting Supply Voltage
The power MOSFETS inside the M542T can actually operate within +24 ~ +100VDC, including power input fluctuation and back
EMF voltage generated by motor coils during motor shaft deceleration. Higher supply voltage can increase motor torque at higher
speeds, thus helpful for avoiding losing steps. However, higher voltage may cause bigger motor vibration at lower speed, and it may
also cause over-voltage protection or even driver damage. Therefore, it is suggested to choose only sufficiently high supply voltage
for intended applications, and it is suggested to use power supplies with theoretical output voltage of +24 ~ +50VDC, leaving room
for power fluctuation and back-EMF.
7. Selecting Microstep Resolution and Driver Output Current
This driver uses an 8-bit DIP switch to set microstep resolution, and motor operating current, as shown below:
Microstep Resolution Selection
Microstep resolution is set by SW5, 6, 7, 8 of the DIP switch as shown in the following table:
Microstep
Steps/rev.(for 1.8°motor)
SW5
SW6
SW7
SW8
2
400
ON
ON
ON
ON
4
800
ON
OFF
ON
ON
8
1600
ON
ON
OFF
ON
16
3200
ON
OFF
OFF
ON
32
6400
ON
ON
ON
OFF
64
12800
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
128
25600
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
256
51200
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
5
1000
OFF
ON
ON
ON
10
2000
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
25
5000
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
50
10000
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
125
25000
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
250
50000
OFF
OFF
ON
OFF
Current Settings
For a given motor, higher driver current will make the motor to output more torque, but at the same time causes more heating in the
motor and driver. Therefore, output current is generally set to be such that the motor will not overheat for long time operation. Since
parallel and serial connections of motor coils will significantly change resulting inductance and resistance, it is therefore important to
set driver output current depending on motor phase current, motor leads and connection methods. Phase current rating supplied by
motor manufacturer is important in selecting driver current, however the selection also depends on leads and connections. The first
three bits (SW1, 2, 3) of the DIP switch are used to set the dynamic current. Select a setting closest to your motor’s required current.

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Dynamic current setting
Peak Current
Ref Current (Screen printing)
SW1
SW2
SW3
1.5A
1.0A
ON
ON
ON
2.0A
1.4Ａ
OFF
ON
ON
2.4A
1.7A
ON
OFF
ON
2.8A
2.0A
OFF
OFF
ON
3.2A
2.3A
ON
ON
OFF
3.7A
2.6A
OFF
ON
OFF
4.2A
3.0A
ON
OFF
OFF
4.5A
3.2A
OFF
OFF
OFF
Notes: Ref Current table on the screen printing is used for the users of the M542T to refer. Due to motor inductance, the actual
current in the coil may be smaller than the dynamic current setting, particularly under high speed condition.
Standstill current setting
SW4 is used for this purpose. OFF meaning that the standstill current is set to be half of the selected dynamic current, and ON
meaning that standstill current is set to be the same as the selected dynamic current.
The current automatically reduced to 60% of the selected dynamic current one second after the last pulse. Theoretically, this will
reduce motor heating to 36% (due to P=I2*R) of the original value. If the application needs a different standstill current, please
contact NC-Tech.
8. Wiring Notes
In order to improve anti-interference performance of the driver, it is recommended to use twisted pair shield cable.
To prevent noise incurred in PUL/DIR signal, pulse/direction signal wires and motor wires should not be tied up together. It is
better to separate them by at least 10 cm, otherwise the disturbing signals generated by motor will easily disturb pulse direction
signals, causing motor position error, system instability and other failures.
If a power supply serves several drivers, separately connecting the drivers is recommended instead of daisy-chaining.
It is prohibited to pull and plug connector P2 while the driver is powered ON, because there is high current flowing through motor
coils (even when motor is at standstill). Pulling or plugging connector P2 with power on will cause extremely high back-EMF voltage
surge, which may damage the driver.
9. Sequence Chart of Control Signals
In order to avoid some fault operations and deviations, PUL, DIR and ENA should abide by some
rules, shown as following diagram:
Figure 11: Sequence chart of control signals

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Remark:
a) t1: ENA must be ahead of DIR by at least 5 s. Usually, ENA+ and ENA- are NC (not connected). See “Connector P1
Configurations” for more information.
b) t2: DIR must be ahead of PUL effective edge by 5 s to ensure correct direction;
c) t3: Pulse width not less than 1.5 s;
d) t4: Low level width not less than 1.5 s.
10. Protection Functions
To improve reliability, the driver incorporates some built-in protections features.
Short-voltage and Over-voltage protection
When power supply voltage exceeds 75VDC, over-voltage protection will be activated and Alarm indicator LED will turn on.
Over-current Protection
Protection will be activated when continuous current exceeds the limit.
Short Circuit Protection
Protection will be activated in case of short circuit between motor coils or between motor coil and ground.
11. Frequently Asked Questions
In the event that your driver doesn’t operate properly, the first step is to identify whether the problem is electrical or mechanical in
nature. The next step is to isolate the system component that is causing the problem. As part of this process you may have to
disconnect the individual components that make up your system and verify that they operate independently. It is important to
document each step in the troubleshooting process. You may need this documentation to refer back to at a later date, and these
details will greatly assist our Technical Support staff in determining the problem should you need assistance.
Many of the problems that affect motion control systems can be traced to electrical noise, controller software errors, or mistake in
wiring.
Problem Symptoms and Possible Causes