LEITZ DIALUX 20 User manual
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List
I
512-
1
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/Eng
I.
I Printed in W-Germany I/
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LEITZ DIALUX
20
Laboratory
and Research Microscope
Instructions
Leitz instruments
are
guaranteed
for
two
years
against
manufacturing
defects
when
purchased
through
an
authorized
dealer
and
registered
with
E.
Leitz, Inc. Rockleigh, N.
J.,
within
10
days
of
receipt
. A
registration
card
is
enclosed
with
each
instruntent for this
purpose
.
512-150/Engl. I
LEITZ DIALUX
20
Laboratory
and Research Microscope
Instructions
Page
1 Technical description 3 and
38
2 Technical details 6
Tubes 6
Revolving nosepiece 6
Mechanical Stage 7
Coarse and fine adjustment 7
Lamp Housing 102 Z 8
Condensers 9
Objectives 12
Eyepieces
13
3 Assembling the
microscope
14
Centring the lamp 17
4 Preparing the
microscope
for
operation
19
Centring the
condenser
20
Oil immersion
22
Transmitted-light
darkground
22
Phase
contrast
23
Microscopic
measurements
27
Polarization
28
Transmitted light fluorescence
28
Incident-light
fluorescence
32
5 Care and maintenance
37
6 Accessories
39
2 5
1
Technical
description
Fig. 1
DI
ALUX
20
wit
h Lamp Housing
10
2 Z, UK universal
condenser
, Mech
anica
l Stage No.
78
and FSA
phototube.
1, 2 Knurled
knobs
for
lamp
adjustment
3 Lamp
Housing
102
Z
4 Lamp
conde
n
ser
adjustment
5 Rotary
knob
for
th
e
fine
adjustment of the
object
stage
6 Rotary knob
for
the coarse
ver
tical
adjustment
of
the
object
stage
7 Stand
8 FSA
pho
totube
9 E
yepiece
tube
with
PERIPLAN"
eyepiece
10
Filter
sl
ot
11
Revolving nose
piece
for 5
objectives
12
NPL FLUOT
AR
"'
objectives
13 Mechanical Stage No.
78
14
UK
universal
condense
r
15 Vertical
adjustment
of
the con
denser
16
Controls
for
the mechanical adjustment of the
object
stage
17
Adjustable
condenser
stop
18
Fi
eld
diaphragm
1 2
3
9
13
:;;o..,
.,..-------14
="
'----
__
15
2
Technical
details
Tubes
• -
c;
-
~
22639-5
13
R
22654 -513 R
6
Fig_
2
Binocular
tube S
Binocular
observation
tube
with
ad-
justable
eyepiece tubes
for
the mech-
anical
compensation
of
the
tube
length
with
interpupillary
distance
adjustment.
Tube
factor
1x
Fig_
3
Binocular
phototube FSA
Binocular
observation-
and
phototube
with
automatic
interpupillary
distance
compensation.
-
100%
of
the
light
enters
the eye-
pieces
L
50%
of
the
light
enters the eye-
pieces, 50 % the
phototube
10%
of
the
light
enters
the eye-
pieces,
90
%
the
phototube
Tube
factor
1x
Fig. 4
Revolving nosepiece
The revolving
nosepiece
takes up to 5
objectives.
Tube
lens
factor
1x and 1.25x respect-
ively.
22951
·512 R
• -
-
__
,.......
_
..::::.
_
..:
"'-.
:l
-----,--
22955-51 2 R
Fig. 5
Large Mechanical Stage No.
78
The
mechanical
stage measures 200 x
100mm, and has
coaxial
controls
for
object
movement
within
an area
of
50
x 76mm.
Fig. 6
Condenser
holder
This
vertically
adjustable
changer
has
centring
screws
condenser
and an
adjustable
stop
(arrow).
Fig. 7
dovetail
for
the
vertical
Coarse and fine
adjustment
of the object stage
The
coarse
and fine adjustment, ar-
ranged on
both
sides
of
the stand, ad-
justment
range 35mm, actuates the
ob-
ject
stage. One interval on the fine-
adjustment
corresponds
to
a
vertical
difference
of
2
,u
m.
7
22656·514 A
229
62·
514
R
8
Fig. 8
Lamp Housing
102
Z
The
Lamp
Housing 102 Z
accepts
tungsten
halogen lamps,
ultra-high-
pressure
mercury
lamps, and
high-pres-
sure xenon lamps
of
up to 100 W.
Lamp
and
mirror
are
centred
separately.
The lamp
condenser
can be
horizontally
adjusted.
Fig. 9
Lamp mount with
20
W tungsten halogen lamp
for
the
DI
A
LU
X 20 EB.
Condensers
Fig.
10
SK standa
rd
condenser
1 Interchangeable condenser top
2 Condenser top hold
er
1
2
3
4
5
6
3 Lever for swinging out the condenser to
p.
At
the same
tim
e the lens 6 is swung
int
o
th
e
illu
min
a
ting
beam;
4 Aperture dia
phr
ag
m lever
5 Dovetai l changer
6 Supplementary lens
Condenser
with dovetail change
r,
sw
ing-out
condenser
to
holder
(1
0.
2)
and
supplementary
lens
(10
.
6)
. Can be
adapted
for
special purposes
with
the
use
of
different
condenser
tops
(10.
1)
to be
screwed
into
the
holder
.
22655·513 R
Fig.
11
UK universal condenser
1 Two cen
trin
g screws
(o
nly one visibl
e)
for the
light ring a
dju
st
me
nt
2 Interchangeable condenser top
3 Rotating
turr
et
4 Aperture diaphr
ag
m
5 Dovetail chan
ger
6 Supplementary lens
Condenser
with
do
vetail
changer
(11
.
5)
,
swing-out
condenser
top
holder
, and
supplementary
lens
(11
.6), can be
adapted
for
special
purposes. Rotary
turr
ets (11.3)
for
phase
contrast
and
interference
contrast
T can be inserted.
9
.
Condenser
tops
for
the SK
standard
condenser
and
the UK universal
condenser
UK
Universal
condenser
for
phase
contrast
Condenser
Uses
Condenser
Light ring Rotary Objectives
top top
turret
engraved:
position
0.
90
81.1
condenser
top
turned
out
For
objectives
of apertures < 0.25
(supplementarylens
turned
in) 0.
90
8 1.1 -H (all objectives)
Brightfield
1 8 1.1 1 Phaco 1 Phase
contrast
0.90 8
1.1
condenser
top
turned in For
objectives
of aperture > 0.25 2 8
1.1
2 Phaco 2 Phase
contrast
(supplementarylens turned out) 3 8 1.1 3 Phaco 3 Phase
contrast
4 8 1.1 4 Phaco 4 Phase
contrast
Oil1
.
32
condenser
top
turned
in For use with the
Oil100
/1.
32
OF
8 1.1 5 (all objectives)
Darkground
(supplementary lens turned
objective
Aperture
< 0.75
out); immersion oil on
front
lens of the
condenser
0.70 8 4 -H (all objectives)
Brightfield
0.
70
8 4
condenser
top
turned
in
Intercept
distance
4mm. For
(supplementary lensturned out) examination of specimens
mounted on
microscope
slides
thicker
than 1mm.
1 8 4 1 Phaco 1 Phase
contrast
284
2 Phaco 2 Phase
contrast
384
3 Phaco 3 Phase
contrast
484
4 Phaco 4 Phase
contrast
0.
55
8 15
condenser
top
turned
in
Intercept
distance 15mm. For
(supplementarylens turned out) examination
of
specimens on
microscope
slides
thicker
than
6mm
0.
55
8 15 -H (all objectives)
Brightfield
1 8
15
1 Phaco 1 Phase
contrast
2
815
2 Phaco 2 Phase
contrast
4
815
4 Phaco 4 Phase
contrast
0.
35
8
30
-H (all objectives)
Brightfield
0.
35
8
30
condenser
top
turned
in
Interc
ept distance 30mm. For 1 8
30
1 Phaco 1 Phase
contrast
(supplementarylens
turned
out) examination of
specimens
on 2 8
30
2 Phaco 2 Phase
contrast
microscope
slides
thicker
than
10mm
D 0.80
condenser
top
turned in
Darkground;
for
objectives
of
(supplementarylens turned out) apertures < 0.75
D 1.19
condenser
top
turned
in Darkground;
for
objectives
of
supplementary lens turned out);
aperture
< 1.10
immersion oil on
front
lens
of the
condenser
top
10
11
Objectives
1
__!gl!l!
2-JW.,
.,......:.;
::t;;j
3:=;
~
.:.,-
4
5-
......
~~
s-
.......
~---~~-.
7-
s;;,.;
;:;::;::;:::;:;::
22952-519 R
Fig.
12
NPL FLUOTAR
100
/1.
32
OIL
All LEITZ
objectives
computed
for
tube length 160, as well as
objectives
of primary
magnification
greater
than
16:1
computed
for
tube
length 170
(note the engraved values) can be used
on the DIALUX
20
.
The
following
data
are engraved on the
objective
mounts:
1 160 (170) : mechanical
tube
length.
The
distance
in
mm between the
shoulder
of
the
objective
and the
rim
of
the tube.
2 0.17:
coverglass
thickness. Only
specimens
under
a coverglass
(0
.17mm thickness)
should
be
ob-
served with these
objectives
. If the
figure
0.17 is replaced by a dash
(-)
specimens
may be observed
with
or
without
a coverglass.
3
Normal
piano
objectives
(flattened
field
of
view
of
up to at least 18mm
intermediate
image).
12
Piano
objectives
(flattened field
of
view
of
up to 28mm
intermediate
image).
Repro-
duction
1.6:1
25:1
4:1
6.3:1
ratio
Colo
ur
grey
brown red orange
10:1
16
:1
25
:1
40:1
63
:1
100
:1
y
ellow
bright
dark
bright
dark
white
green
gr
ee
n
blue blue
Ordinary
achromatic
objectives
have no
additional
letters engraved.
Objectives
for
phase
contrast
ob-
servation have the
additional
de-
signation
Phaco (all the NPL-FLUO-
TAR
objectives
are engraved in
green
throughout)
and the indi
cation
of
the a
ssociated
position
of
the
Phaco ring
turret
of
the UK
univer-
sal
condenser
(e
.g. Phaco 1 =
turret
position
1).
4
Reproduction
ratio: The
dimensional
ratio
of
intermediate
image and
ob-
ject
(e.g. 100:1).
5
Numerical
aperture
: (e.g. /1.32).
6 The
aperture
indication
is
followed
by
that
of
the
immersion
medium.
7
Colour
code
see above table.
8 Immersion
objectives
have an ad-
ditional
black ring = oil
immersion
or
white
ring =
water
immersion.
Eyepieces
22954-519 R
Fig. 13
PERIPLAN GF
10
x/
18
LEITZ
eyepieces
computed
for
160mm
mechanical
tube
length are used. They
differ
from
conventional
eyepieces
in
the
additional
indication
of
the
field-of-
view
inde
x
following
that
of
the
magni-
fication.
22970-512 R
Fi
g.
14
Inserting the distance ring TL
160
(arro
w)
"
If LEITZ eyepieces
of
conventional
design
(without
indication
of
the
field-
of-view index) are to be used, an ad-
ditional
TL
160
distance
ring (Fig. 14)
must be inserted.
The
field-of-view
of
an eyepiece is the
area
of
the
intermediate
image in the
tube
that
can be observed in
it
it
appears
magnified
by
the
eyepiece
factor.
The
diameter
of
the image
produced
by a GF 10x/18
eyepiece
therefore
ap-
pears as large as
that
of
an area
10 x 18 = 180mm at a
distance
of
250mm from the observer.
If the
diameter
of
the field
of
view
is
divided
by the
objective
magnification
(and any
tube
factor
involved)
(turret
1
x,
PLOEMOPAK
® 1.25x) the
diameter
of
the
object
area observed is
obtained.
With the previously
mentioned
GF 1
Ox/
18 eyepiece and a 25/0.55
objective
an
object
area
of
18
25 x 1 = 0.72mm
diameter
can
therefore
be observed. The final
magnification
of
the
microscope
is
based on the
following
formula:
Reproduction
ratio
of
the
objective
x
eyepiece
magnification
(x
tube
factor)
.
Example:
Objective
25
/0.55
Eyepiece 1Ox/18
Tube
factor
1x
Total
magnification
25
x 10 x 1 = 250:1
13
3
Assemb
l
ing
the
microscope
14
Fig.
15
Inse
rting
the tube
Press the lever
for
tube
change in the
direction
of
the
arrow
and
drop
the
tube
into the
bayonet
changer.
Allow
the
lever to return to the front.
After
it is
locked, the
tube
can be rotated
through
360°
.lnsertthe
eyepieces
in
their
tubes.
Fig.
16
Sc
rewing
in the
objectives
Screw
the
objectives
into
the
apertures
on the revolving nosepiece at
increas-
ing
magnification
(e
.g. 6.3,
16,
40
etc
.
).
Fi
g.
17
Inserting the revolving nosepiece with obj
ec
tives
Lower
the
object
stage
with
the
coarse
a
djustment
(1
.
6)
, release the
clamping
screw
and fully
insert
the
re
volving
nosepiece
with
the
objectiv
es
in
the
horizontal
dovetail
guide;
tighten
the
clamping
screw.
1
.tO
22636-512 A
-
512
A
22956-514 A
Fig.
18
Inse
rting
the
condenser
Lower
the
condenser
dovetail
guide
with
knob
(18
.
1)
until the
condenser
can
be easily inserted
in
it as
far
as
it
will go. The
aperture
diaphragm lever
(18.2) must face the
observer
.
Ra
ise
the
condenser
fully.
Fig.
19
Removing the
transport
anchorage
Attention: before inserting the lamp
housing remove the transport anchor-
ing screw (arrow) of t
he
lamp conden-
ser
on
the bottom of t
he
lamp housing.
Fig.
20
Attaching the Lamp Housing
102
Z
Set the bayonet lever (20.1)
of
the lamp
housing
vertica
ll
y.
Insert the changing
collar
of
the
lamp
housing in the
bayonet
fitting
of
the
microscope
and
secure
it.
15
Changing the lamp
Release the
knurled
screw
(24.7)
of
the
lamp mount. Pull the lamp
mount
(24.8)
out
of
the
lamp
housing. Remove the
defective
lamp
. Insert the
new
tungsten
halogen lamp before removing its
pro-
tective
cover
(21.2). Replace the lamp
mount
(21
.
1)
and
centre
the
lamp
(Fig.
25).
Fig.
21
Inserting
the tungsten ha
logen
lamp
22637·514 A
Fig.
22
In
serting
the mount
wit
h lamp
16
Fully open the field
diaphragm
(1.18).
Insert the
adjustment
device
in the
filter
slot
(Fig. 23).
Fig.
23
Adjustment
device
(with the
diagrammatically
re-
presented lamp
adjustme
nt).
Centring the lamp
(Lamp Housing 102 Z)
Turn the
microscope
sideways
for
easier
access
to all
centring
screws
of
the lamp housing.
Fig.
25
Image
of
the
lamp
filament
and its
mirror
image
(diagrammatic
representation)
II
~
29229-514
A
F
or
m a sharp image
of
the lamp
filament
by
turning
the
lamp
condenser knob
(2).
29233-514 A
Adjust
the
mirror
horizont
ally
(5)
so
that the
mirror
image
of
the
lamp
filament
also appears in sharp
focus.
29230-514 A
Move the
lamp
filament
image
into
the
upper
half
of
the
illuminated
field
wit
h the ce
ntring
screw
(1).
29234-514A
Set the
mirr
or
image
with the two
ad
just-
ment screws 4 and 6
so that
it
coincides
with the
primary
image
of
the
lamp
filament
in the l
ower
half.
Fig.
24
Lamp
Housing
102
Z
29231-514
A
Adjust
the
lamp
filame
nt
image
with
centring
screw
(3)
so
that
it
occ
upi
es
the
upper
illuminated
area co
mplet
el
y.
29235·514 A
Set the
two
images
of
the lamp
filament
with
the fine a
dju
st-
ment
of
the lamp
(1)
and
mirror
adjust
ment
screws
(4)
so that
their
sides
exactly
coincide.
22
656·5
14 A
29232·514
A
By ad
ju
sting the two
centring screws
(4,
6)
capture
the
mirror
image
of
th
e lamp
filament
in the lower
half
of
th
e
illumin-
ated area.
The two images
should n
ow
just
coin
cide
in the
ce
ntr
e.
17
Changing the Lamps
in
the DIALUX 20
EB
23181-514R
Fi
g.
26
Pulling out
th
e EB lamp mount
Fig.
27
Inserting a new lamp
18
23022-5
12
A
Fig. 28
Inse
rting
th
e lamp
mount
Pull the lamp
mount
out
of
the fo
ot
of
the stand. Remove the defective lamp
In
sert new tungsten halogen lamp t
o-
gether
with
its
protective
cover
, whi
ch
should
be removed
only
after
insertion .
Replace the lamp
mount
in the foot of
the stand.
..
.
4
preparing
the
microscope
for
operation
Fig.
29
Fig. 30
....
.
liE_
Fig.
31
22972-512
A
Switch on the
microscope
illumination.
Mount
the
specimen
with
object
holder
on the
ob
j
ect
stage.
The cl
amping
of the
specimen
is ad-
just
able: push the
button
(Fig.
29,
arrow) on the pivot
of
the specimen
holder
, push it to the left
for
firmer
,
to
the
right
for
less firm
clamping
and let
it click in position.
For initial
observation
choose an
ob-
jective
of
medium
magnification
(e.g.
NPL FLUOTAR
16
/0.40).
Give the
screw
(1
.
17)
about
5
anticlock-
wise
turns
and fully raise the
condenser
with
knurled
screw
(1.15).
Turn the
condenser
top
in. Open the
aperture
diaphragm
(10
/11.4) and the
field
diaphragm
(1.18).
When the
binocular
observation
tube
S
(Fig. 30)
is
used,
carry
out
interpupil-
lary
distance
adjustment
(by
pulling
or
pushing) so that
both
images are
co-
incident
(only one
circular
image is
seen).
Transfer
the
interpupillary
dis-
tance
determined
(scale on the
front
plate
of
the tube) to the two eyepiece
tubes - e.g.
with
a 65mm
interpupillar
distance
set the
two
eyepiece
tubes
each at
their
"65"
mark
(Fig. 31).
Carry
out
the following
corrections
for
defective
vision:
Look
through
the
right-hand
eyepiece
with
your
right eye and
focus
the spe-
cimen with the fine adjustment.
Now
l
ook
at the same area of the
specimen
through
the left-hand eyepiece
with
your
left eye and aga
in
focus
the spe-
cimen by rotating the left-hand eye-
piece
tube
-do
not
use the fine ad-
justment. Check this
setting
finally
after
centration
of the
condenser.
19
Centring the condenser
Fig
.
32
Fig.
33
. .
'
--
-r
•J
u,
l!loltl!
~
22958-512 A
20
Focus the specimen
with
the coarse
and fine adjustment.
Adjust
the field
diaphragm
so that the
white
ring (Fig.
32,
arrow) is completely
covered
.
1. Close the field
diaphragm.
2. By rotating the
condenser
stopscrew
lower
the
condenser
so
that
the edge
of
thefield
diaphragm
appears shar
p.
3. Centre the image
of
the field dia-
phragm
with
the
two
centring
screw
s.
4. Open the field
diaphragm
so that it
just
disappears
beyond the edge of
the field
of
view
.
After
objective
change,
carry
out fi ne
centration
only
by
adjusting
the field
diaphragm
.
[
t
use
of
the field diaphragm
The field
diaphragm
protects
the spe-
cimen from heat and prevents the
light
not required
for
image
formation
from
entering the
object.
The
diaphragm
is
therefore opened
just
far
enough
for
the observable field
of
view
to
be fully
visible. A change
of
magnification
there-
fore always calls
for
an
adjustment
of
the field
diaphragm
.
Use
of
the aperture diaphragm
The setting of the
aperture
diaphragm
is
one
of
the
factors
determining
the
resolution and the
contrast
of
the
mi-
croscopic
image.
Optimum
optical
per-
formance is reached when the
aper-
tures
of
the
objective
and
of
the
con-
denser are identical. When the
aperture
diaphragm
of
the
condenser
is
closed
beyond the
aperture
of
the
objective
the resolving
power
of
the
objective
de-
creases but image
contrast
increases.
A visually
appreciable
reduction
of
the
resolving
power
occurs
when the
aper-
ture
diaphragm
is
closed
beyond
lj
3
of
the aperture
of
the
objective
and
should
therefore be avoided if possible.
Remove the eyepiece from the eyepiece
tube
. Close the
aperture
diaphragm
so
that
its image
just
appears on the rear
lens
of
the
objective.
This is regarded
as
the
normal
position
. Replace the
eyepiece. If the
specimen
lacks
con-
trast
the
aperture
diaphragm
can be
further
closed
so
that
the less
contrasty
structural
elements
,
too
,
become
clearly
visible.
Settings
of
the
aperture
diaphragm,
once
determined
, can be
reproduced
with
the aid
of
the
scale
.
Attention:
Image
brightness
must never be re-
gulated
with
the
aperture
diaphragm
,
but only
with
the
transformer
or
with
neutral-density
filters.
Turn
out
the
condenser
top
when using
objectives
of
apertures
< 0.25. The
condenser
remains in the same
position
as
for
objectives
of
aperture
> 0.25.
The
aperture
diaphragm
always re-
mains
fully
open.
Set the lamp
condenser
on the Lamp
Housing 102 Z so
that
the field
of
view
is
uniformly
illuminated
.
This
setting
remains unchanged
for
all
magnific-
ations
.
21
Centring the condenser
Fig.
32
Fig.
33
22958· 512 A
.I
20
I
--
-
-YL
----
-
....
-
Focus the specimen with the coarse
and fine adjustment.
Adjust
the field
diaphragm
so
that
the
white ring (Fig.
32,
arrow) is
completely
covered.
1.
Close the field diaphragm.
2.
By rotating the
condenser
stop
screw
lower
the
condenser
so
that
the edge
of
thefield diaphragm appears sharp.
3.
Centre the image
of
the field
dia-
phragm with the
two
centring
screws.
4. Open the field diaphragm so
that
it
just
disappears beyond the edge
of
the
field
of
view.
After
objective
change,
carry
out
fine
centration
only by adjusting the field
diaphragm.
'(
.l
Use of the field diaphragm
The field
diaphragm
protects
the spe-
cimen from heat and prevents the light
not
required
for
image
formation
from
entering the object. The
diaphragm
is
therefore opened
just
far enough for
the observable field of view to be fully
visible.A change of
magnification
there-
fore always calls for
an
adjustment
of
the field
diaphragm
.
Use of the aperture diaphragm
The setting of the aperture
diaphragm
is one of the
factors
determining
the
resolution and the
contrast
of
the
mi-
croscopic
image. Optimum
optical
per-
formance
is reached when the
aper-
tures of
the
objective
and
of
the
con-
denser
are identical. When the aperture
diaphragm
of
the
condenser
is closed
beyond the aperture
of
the
objective
the resolving
power
of
the
objective
de-
creases
but
image
contrast
increases.
A visually
appreciable
reduction
of
the
resolving
power
occurs
when the aper-
ture
diaphragm
is closed beyond
v3
of
the aperture of the
objective
and should
therefore be avoided if possible.
Remove the eyepiece from the eyepiece
tube. Close the aperture
diaphragm
so
that its image
just
appears on the rear
lens
of
the objective. This is regarded
as
the normal position. Replace the
eyepiece. If the specimen lacks con-
trast
the
aperture
diaphragm
can be
further
closed so
that
the less
contrasty
structural
elements,
too
,
become
clearly
visible.
Settings of the aperture diaphragm,
once determined, can be reproduced
with the aid of the scale.
Attention:
Image brightness must never be re-
gulated with the
aperture
diaphragm,
but only
with
the
transformer
or
with
neutral-density filters.
Turn
out
the
condenser
top
when using
objectives
of apertures < 0.25. The
condenser
remains in the same position
as
for
objectives
of
aperture > 0.
25
.
The aperture
diaphragm
always re-
mains fully open.
Set the lamp
condenser
on the Lamp
Housing 102 Z so that the field
of
view
is
uniformly
illuminated. This setting
remains unchanged
for
all
magnific-
ations.
21
Oil immersion
Oil immersion
objectives
bear
the en-
graving
"O
IL" and a black ring round
the
bottom
rim
of
their
mount.
The
immersion
oil has the same re-
fractive index
nd
= 1.518 as the
cover-
glass and the
front
lens
of
the
objec-
tive. Focal length and
working
distance
of
an
immersion
objective
are usually
very short. This
demands
great
care
during
work
with
such objectives. Use
the
coarse
adjustment
only
until the
immersion
objective
has entered the
oil
(look
across
the
top
of
the slide).
Focusing must
now
be
carried
out
only
with the fine
adjustment
and
constant
observation
through
the eyepiece. En-
sure that no
air
bubbles are present in
the immersion oil. Use
only
LEITZ im-
mersion oil.
Even with oil immersion
objectives
it
is
generally
possible
to manage
with
the
condenser
top
0.90 S 1.1. If,
however
,
the full
aperture
of
the
immersion
ob-
jective
is to be utilized,
for
instance
for
the
examination
of
very
delicate
struc-
tures, the
aplanatic-achromatic
con-
denser
top A 1.32
should
be used. Here,
immersion oil
should
be
applied
also
between the
condenser
top
and the
underside
of
the
microscope
slide.
After
the
examination
is
completed,
the
immersion
oil
must
be
carefully
re-
moved from all areas
of
application
with
a soft
piece
of
cloth
soaked
in
petrol
or
methylated
spirit.
22
Transmitted-light darkground
. ,
'
--
--
""·
'"-
1'
22957
·513
A
Fig.
34
For
investigation
in
darkground,
the
condenser
top D
0.80-0.95
is used
with
objectives
of
apertures
< 0.75 and
the
condenser
top
D
1.19-1.44
with
those
of
apertures
> 0.75. For
aperture
> 1.10 use the funnel stop,
or
an ob-
jective
with
iris
diaphragm).
Setting
up
the darkground image
(D
1.19-1.44
and D
0.80-0.95)
Mount
the
specimen
on the
object
stage. Turn the
condenser
stop
screw
fully clockwise. Insert the cond
enser
(with the
darkground
top
turned
in) and
raise it full
y,
cf. Fig. 19. A
droplet
of
immersion oil
should
be
applied
to the
top
of
the D 1.19
condenser
before
it
is
raised; the
droplet
of
oil must make
contact
with
the
underside
of
the mi-
croscope
slide;
this
is
indicated
by a
brief
flash
in
the
microscope
slide.
Focus the
specimen
(use the 10/0.25
or
16/0.40 objective). Close the field
diaphragm.
Adjust
the
condenser
stop
screw
to the left and raise the
conden-
ser with its
control
so
that
the edge
of
the
diaphragm
is
in
optimum
focus
during
observation
of
the
specimen
.
See Fig.
33.
Move the
diaphragm
image into the
centre
of
the field
of
view
with
the
two
centring
screws. Open the field
dia-
phragm so
that
is
just
disappears
bey-
ond the edge
of
the field
of
view.
Phase contrast
The UK universal
condenser
can be
converted
into a phase
contrast
con-
denser
by insertion
of
the
light
-ring
turret. Different
light
rings are available
~or
the various
condenser
tops
(see
table
p.
11).
23
Inserting and changing the light rings
All the
light
rings are
marked
for
the
required
position
in
the
light-ring
turret
and for the
condenser
tops
to be used
for
them (see Fig. 35).
Release the Alien
screw
(2mm) so
that
the head
of
the
screw
is flush
with
the
knurled
screw
of
the
light-r
ing turret.
Push the
light
ring against the
sprung
holding
pin to remove
or
insert it.
Screw
the
two
centring
screws
in
far
enough
for
the
light
ring
to
be
roughly
central
(cf. also Fig.
37)
.
The
light
-rings
must
be inserted always
in the
aperture
opposite
their
position
indication
(Fig. 36).
The
aperture
opposite
the
position
in-
dication
"H" remains empty, and
there-
fore has no
centring
screw
.
Fig.
36
Objectives, rotary turret and focusing telescope
1
Ph
ase co
ntr
ast
objec
tives on the
revolving
nosepiece
2 Lig
ht-rin
g
turret
3
Light
ring
4 remains e
mpt
y
for
brightf
ield
5 Eyelens
6
Clamping
ring
7 Focusing telescope
8 Centring screws
for
light
rings.
22959-
513
R
24
1 2
s .
D 22020·513 R
Fig.
35
1 indicates the pos
iti
on
of
th
e li
ght
ring in the
turr
et (
OF
must be inserted in pas.
5)
2
associa
t
ed
conde
nser top, e.g. S 1.1
Inserting the light-ring turret
Turn
in
the
condenser
top
of
the
UK
condenser. Release the fixing
screw
in
the
bottom
part
of
the
cond
e
nser
(Fig.
39). Pull the
dust
cap
out
of
the
con-
denser
. Insert the
light
-ring
turret
(Fig.
38)
so
that
the
light
rings can be
drop-
ped into
their
apertures
and fixed
with
the fixing
screws
(Fig. 39).
F
ig.
37
Fig.
38
Fig.
39
22018 ·
512
R
22974-512 R
25
Setting up phase contrast
Fig.
40
Ph
ase ring and li
ght
ring
as
seen in the
focusing
telescope in
a
brightfield
b phase contrast, centred
c phase
cont
rast,
oil-centre
d
darkground
Screw
phase
contrast
objectives
into
the revolving
nosepiece
, insert
this
in
its dovetail
changer
and
secure
it
with
the fixing screw. Insert the UK univer-
sal
condenser
complete
with
light-ring
turret
in
the
condenser
fitting and fully
raise it
with
the
condenser
screw. Set
the
aperture
diaphragm
at the
"10"
in-
dex.
Mount
the specimen on the
object
stage.
Turn
in
ob
jectiv
e
10
/0.30 Phaco
1
or
16
/0.40 Phaco
1.
Set the
light-ring
turret
at
position
1.
Focus the specimen
with the
coarse
and fine adjustment.
Close the field diaphragm. Set the
con-
denser
with the
condenser
knob
and
stop
screw
so
that
the edge
of
the field
diaphragm
is
in sharp focus. Centre
the field
diaphragm
image with the
two
centring
screws. Open the field
dia
-
phragm so
that
its edge
just
disappears
beyond the edge
of
the field
of
view.
Remove the eyepiece from the eyepiece
tube
and
insert
focusing
telescope
(36
.
7)
. Release the
knur
led
clamping
screw
(36.6) on the
focusing
telescope
and
adjust
the eyelens (36.5) so
that
sharp images are
obtained
of
the
light
and phase rings. Set the
light
ring with
26
the ligh
t-ring
centring
screws
(11.1)
(depress and turn) so
that
it
prec
isely
coincides
with the phase ring
of
the
ob-
jective
(Fig. 40).
Centrat
ion should be
carried
out
once
and
for
all
for
all
ob
-
jective
light-ring
combinations,
and
should
be
maintained
for
all settings.
Microscopic measurement
Fig.
41
Graduation
ol
the
graticule
in the
eyepiece
and
image
ol
th
e sta
ge
micrometer.
Linear measurements of
microscopic
objects
are
carried
out
in
conjunction
with a measuring eyepiece (graduation
usually 1
Omm
= 100 intervals).·The mi-
crometer
value of the
objective
used
must be
known
before the
beginning
of
measurements. lt represents the
dis-
tance
in
the object plane whi
ch
just
coincides
wit
h an interval
of
the
gra-
ticule
division in the measur
in
g eye-
piece when this
objective
is used. Be-
cause the
optica
l constants
of
the
ob-
jecti
ves are
subject
to
slight
variations,
it
is
advisable to
determine
the
micro
-
meter
values with the aid
of
a stage
micrometer
once
and
for
all.
E
xamp
les:
Determination
of
the
micrometer
value
with the aid
of
a stage
micrometer
2mm
= 200
inter
vals and a measuring eye-
piece with
graticule
10mm = 100 inter-
vals.
Make the zero lines
of
measuring eye-
piece and stage
micrometer
coincide
in
the
microscope.
The
micrometer
va
lue is read at the end
of
the measur-
ing eyepiece
scale
with the
setting
un-
changed.
If 1.220mm on the stage
micrometer
coincides
with
100 intervals of the mea-
suring
eyepiece, the
micrometer
value
wi
ll
be
1.220:
100 = 0.01220mm =
12.20 ,um. With
objectives
of
l
ow
magni-
fication, whi
ch
do
not
form an image
of
the
graduation
of
the stage
micrometer
along
the
whole
length
of
the
sca
le
in
the measuring eyepiece, only
10
inter
-
va
ls
of
the l
atter
are used
for
this
de-
termination
. I
f,
for
instance, 0.36mm on
the stage
micrometer
coinc
ides
with
10
intervals
of
the measuring eyepiece,
the
micrometer
value wi
ll
be 0.36:10 =
0
.0
36mm =
36
,
um·.
The
screw-m
i
cro-
meter eyepiece
is
used
for
very fine
measurements
in
the
microscope.
Our
List 513-
17
contains
detailed
informa-
tion
about
this eyepiece.
27
Centring the 50 W ultra-high-pressure
mercury lamp
microscope
. Insert
neutral-density
screen
in the op
tical
path to
reduce
the
lighting
intensity. Place the
adjust-
ment
device on the dustglass
of
the
microscope.
Remove all filters from the
filter
slot.
Fully open the field
diaphragm
in the
Fig.
45
The lamp image
Adjust
th
e knurled knob for
the lamp condenser untiI a
sharp image
of
the
disc
harge
arc is formed on the
adjus
tm
e
nt
disc.
The lamp image and its
mirror
im
ag
e
Adjust the f
oc
using kn
ob
for
the concave mi
rro
r in
the
direct
ion of the
optical
axis
un
til
th
e m
irr
or
image
of the discharge arc is in
f
oc
u
s.
Turn the
kn
ob for vertic
al
adj
us
tment unti l the im
ag
e
of
th
e discharge arc is at
the right level
accor
ding
to
th
e
illu
s
tr
ation.
Ad
just
the knob for ver
tica
l
adjus
tm
ent
until
the mir
ror
image
is at the
sa
me level
as
the image of the
disc
harge
arc.
Rotate
th
e knob for horizontal
ad
j
us
tm
ent until the
di
scharge
arc is at the same spot as
shown above.
Ad just the horizontal a
dju
st-
ment knob until both images
(discharge arc and mirror
image) are
side
by side.
Now
adjust
the lamp
condenser
(46.2).
ob
serving it
through
the eyepi
ece
tube,
until the rear focal plane
of
the
objec-
live
is
evenly
illuminated
. Remove the
neutral-den
sity sc
re
en from the
optical
path and turn the diffusion
disc
into
it.
30
Insert the ex
citing
filter
in
the
filter
slot
of
the Lamp Housing 102 Z, and the
suppression
filter
in
the
filter
slot
of
the stand.
Attention: Nev
er
look
into the
micros-
cope
whilst
the
mercury
vapour
lamp
is
burning
and no suppression
filters
are
in
the
filter
slot.
Fig.
46
1 Ce
ntri
ng
screw
for the lamp filame
nt
2 Lamp condenser a
dju
stme
nt
3 Ce
ntr
ing screw f
or
lamp filament
4, 6 Centring screws f
or
mirr
or
image ad
just
ment
5 Horizontal
adj
ustment
of
the
mir
ror
1
2
3
4
5
6
Filter combinations
Ex
citing
filters
UG 1
BG
3
BG 12
Suppression
filters
K
430-
K460
K
470-
K490
K
510-
K 530
For
red suppression the use
of
a
BG
38
blue
filter
combined
with
an
exciting
filter
is
recommended.
Attention
: Before chang ing the lamp
,
:0
Pull out mains plug
'* All
ow
the lamp to cool
'QI Take out lamp
•Q1
Insert new
lamp
j
22656·514 A
31
Incident-light fluorescence with
PLOEMOPAK 2.4 fluorescence
vertical illuminator
Inserting
the
lamp
Ce
ntring
the
lamp
See "
Transmitted
light
"
Fig.
47
1 Li
ght
source
2 H
ea
t f
ilt
er
3 R
ed
suppression
filter
4
Fi
eld
di
ap
hr
ag
m
5 Lens
32
6
Filt
er
system
wit
h
exci
ting
fil
te
r,
d
ichroic
beam-splitting
mirr
or and s
uppr
ession filter
7 Exc
itin
g
filt
er
8
Di
ch
roic
beam-splitting
mirr
or
9
Suppression
filter
10
Objective
11
Spec
imen
6 7 8 9
c:>
Assembling the device
Screw
the lamp
holder
(48.2)
onto
the
PLOEMOPAK
(48
.
1)
. The bracket on
the lamp
housing
engages in the re-
cess on the PLOEMOPAK.
Unlockthe
observation
tube
and remove
it from the stand. Place the PLOEM-
OPAK
in
its
posit
ion, ensure
that
the
holding
pin on the lamp
holder
en-
gages in the
clamping
device
in the
stand.
Push the lever on the changing
device
of
the PLOEMOPAK to the rear,
insert
1 2
Fig.
48
Fig.
49
the
observation
tube
in the changing
device
; release the lever.
Introduce
the lamp housing in the
lamp
fitting
(the
grip
of
the bayonet lock
is vertical) and lock it in
position
by
turning
it
anticlockwise
(cf
. Fig.
20)
. Re-
move the
condenser
and
replace
it
with
a
light
trap
(Fig.
50)
.
22976·5
13 A
Fig.
50
33
Fi
g. 51
PLOEMOPAK 2.4 on the
0/
A
LU
X 20
1 Lamp Housing 102 Z
2 Lamp hol
der
3 Centring screws
for
th
e field
diaphragm
4 F
ield
diaphragm
5 Exci
ting
light
su
ppressio
n
6
Slot
for
a
ddi
tio
nal
suppressio
n fi
lt
ers
Clamping d
ev
ice
of
the
switc
h lever
for
the
two-wave-len
gt
hs method
8 Ch
anqing
lever for the exc
itin
g-filter systems
9 PLOEMOPAK 2.4
--1
34
~
6
7
8
9
22670
·5
12
A
Exchanging the filter systems
Fig.
52
Opening the
cover
of
the PLOEMOPAK 2.4 housing
f
or
changing the
filter
syste
m.
'
22977-513 A
Fi
g.
53
PLOEMOP
AK
2.4
with
the housing
cover
removed
and key (arrow)
for
releasing the
filter
system.
22978-513 A
Fig.
54
Releasing the
filter
system.
22979·513 A
Fig.
55
T
aking
out
the filter system.
35
The two-wave-lengths method
Allow
the
stop
(56.1) to engage.
lt
is
now
possible
to change
only
between
two
filter
systems (in Pos. 1 and
2)
.
To change between all
three
positions,
pull up the
stop
and
arrest
it
with
a
slight
turn
.
Fig.
56
The
figure
indicates
the
filter
system in use
36
6
Accessories
Heating Stages
80
, 350, and 1350 (not
illustrated)
Fig.
58
WILD MPS
so
photo-automatic
system
Fig.
59
LEITZ system camera
The
knurled
screw 1
must
be released
for
swivel-
ling
the camera attachment
for
upright
and hori-
zontal
format
Fig.
60
Projection
attachment
Fig.
61
LEITZ COMBIPHOT" AUTOMATIC system camera -
a universal camera system
with
fully
automatic
exposure
control
for
formats from 35mm to 4 x Sin.
Fig.
62
ORTHOMAT"-W
Fully
automatic
microscope
camera
for
the 35mm
format
_____
""""'!
)
_
=-:1-.
I
r
22799-540 A -
--
.--
...
Fig.
58
Fig.
59
1
Fig.
60
=-
~~~
~,.~
~~-
--
¥·~
19693-540 A
Fig.
61
Fig.
62
39
5
Care
and
maintenance
After
use the
micro
s
cope
should
be
covered
with
the flex
ible
dust
cover.
The stand
should
be cleaned from
time
to
time
with
a
piece
of
linen
or
chamois
leather
. No methylated
spirit
must
be
used because it attacks the enamel.
Petrol is
eminently
suitable
for
the
cleaning
of
enamel surfaces.
Light
stains
on the
object
stage can
be removed by means
of
rubbing
it
with
liquid paraffin
or
acid-free
vaseline.
Special
care
is
indicated
during
in-
vestigat
ion
with
acids
or
other
corro-
sive chemicals.
Direct
contact
of
op-
tical
systems and stand
with
these
chemicals must be avoided
at
all
times
and all parts
carefully
cleaned
after
use.
The
optical
components
of
the
micros-
cope
must
be kept
scrupulously
clean.
Dust on glass
surfaces
is removed
with
a fine,
dry
sable brush;
lightly
blow
across
the glass
surface
whilst
using the brush. Resistant
dirt
should
be removed
with
a
piece
of
clean
linen
or
soft
chamois
leather
moistened
with
a
little
distilled
water
. If even
this
treatment
fails, petrol
or
methylated
spirit
should
be used.
Objectives
must
not
be
dismantled
for
cleaning
. If
damage
inside the
objectives
becomes
evident
, the
objective
should
be re-
turned
to the
factory
for
repair
. Special
care
is
recommended
for
the
cleaning
of
anti-reflection
coatings
.
The
coating
of
the external surfaces
of
the eyepieces and
of
the
front
lenses
of
the
objectives
is
about
as hard as
glass.
But
some
of
the
coatings
used
for
internal surfaces
of
objectives
and
eyepieces are very
soft
indeed, and
you
must
remove
dirt
very
gently
by
blowing
across them. You
therefore
are
advised never to clean
internal
sur-
faces
yourself
,
nor
to
dismantle
ob-
jectives
for
this
purpose.
Proper
treatment
preserves the
per-
formance
of
a LEITZ
microscope
for
many years. If
however
, ex
amination
or
re
pair
of
a
damaged
instrument
should
become
necessary, one
of
our
agencies
or
our
main
factory
should
be
con-
tacted.
Dimensions
:
Width 25cm,
depth
44cm,
height
40cm
(with Lamp Housing 102
Z)
.
Wei
ght
:
approx
.
11
kg.
37
Technical
description
Fi
g.
57
DI
A
LU
X
20
EB
with built
-in
illumin
ator, SK standard
condense r,
Mec
hanical Stage No.
78
and binocul ar
tub
e S.
1 PERIPL
AN
eyepieces
2
Filt
er s
lot
3 Bin
oc
ular
tub
e S
4 Lever f
or
tube attachment
5 Knurled screw for a
rr
es
ting the revolving nose-
piece
6 Adjustable eyepiece tubes
7 Revolving n
osepiece
8 NPL FLUOTAR objectives
9 Large Mechan
ica
l Stage No.
78
10
Ape
rtur
e
di
aphragm
11 Cen
tri
ng
sc
rews for the condenser
12 Ad
ju
stable condenser stop
13
Co
ntr
ols
for
th
e mechanical adjus
tment
of
the
object stage
38
14 F
ield
dia
phr
agm
15 Voltmeter
16 Stand
17 Rotary knob for the coarse vertical ad
ju
stment
of the
ob
j
ec
t
stage
19 Rotary knob f
or
brightn
ess a
dju
stment
20
Lamp mo
unt
22709
·5
12 R
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