LEITZ DIALUX 20 User manual

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worldwide.
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D
es ign subject to alterations without notice .
ERNST LEITZ Wri:TZLAR GMBH
D-6330 Wetz lar Tel.: [phone] Telex : 483 84 '3 leiz d
Subsidiary: Erns! Leitz (Canada) Ltd., Midland, On t ario
Leitz Portugal S.A.R.L., Vi la Nova de Famalicao
List I 512- 1 50 /Eng I. I Printed in W-Germany I/
77 / GX /SD
LEITZ DIALUX 20
Laboratory
and Research Microscope
Instructions
Leitz instruments are guaranteed for two years
against manufacturing defects when purchased
through an authorized dealer and registered
with E. Leitz, Inc. Rockleigh, N. J., within 10
days of receipt . A registration card is enclosed
with each instruntent for this purpose .
512-150/Engl. I

LEITZ DIALUX 20
Laboratory
and Research Microscope
Instructions
Page
1 Technical description 3 and
38
2 Technical details 6
Tubes 6
Revolving nosepiece 6
Mechanical Stage 7
Coarse and fine adjustment 7
Lamp Housing 102 Z 8
Condensers 9
Objectives 12
Eyepieces
13
3 Assembling the microscope
14
Centring the lamp 17
4 Preparing the
microscope for operation
19
Centring the condenser
20
Oil immersion
22
Transmitted-light darkground
22
Phase contrast
23
Microscopic measurements
27
Polarization
28
Transmitted light fluorescence
28
Incident-light fluorescence
32
5 Care and maintenance
37
6 Accessories
39
2 5

1 Technical description
Fig. 1
DI ALUX 20 wit h Lamp Housing 10 2 Z, UK universal
condenser , Mech anica l Stage No. 78 and FSA
phototube.
1, 2 Knurled knobs for lamp adjustment
3 Lamp Housing 102 Z
4 Lamp conde n ser adjustment
5 Rotary
knob for th e fine adjustment of the
object stage
6 Rotary knob
for the coarse ver tical adjustment
of the object stage
7 Stand
8 FSA
pho totube
9 E
yepiece tube with PERIPLAN" eyepiece
10 Filter sl ot
11 Revolving nose piece for 5 objectives
12 NPL FLUOT AR "' objectives
13 Mechanical Stage No. 78
14 UK universal condense r
15 Vertical
adjustment of the con denser
16 Controls for the mechanical adjustment of the
object stage
17 Adjustable condenser stop
18 Fi eld diaphragm
1 2
3
9
13
:;;o.., .,..-------14
=" '---- __ 15

2 Technical details
Tubes
• -
c;
- ~ 22639-5 13 R
22654 -513 R
6
Fig_ 2
Binocular tube S
Binocular observation tube with ad-
justable eyepiece tubes for the mech-
anical compensation of the tube length
with interpupillary distance adjustment.
Tube factor 1x
Fig_ 3
Binocular phototube FSA
Binocular observation- and phototube
with automatic interpupillary distance
compensation.
- 100% of the light enters the eye-
pieces
L 50% of the light enters the eye-
pieces, 50 % the
phototube
10% of the light enters the eye-
pieces,
90 % the phototube
Tube factor 1x
Fig. 4
Revolving nosepiece
The revolving nosepiece takes up to 5
objectives.
Tube lens factor 1x and 1.25x respect-
ively.
22951 ·512 R
• -
-
__ ,....... _ ..::::. _ ..:
"'-. :l
-----,--
22955-51 2 R
Fig. 5
Large Mechanical Stage No.
78
The mechanical stage measures 200 x
100mm, and has coaxial controls for
object movement within an area of
50 x 76mm.
Fig. 6
Condenser
holder
This vertically adjustable
changer has centring screws
condenser and an adjustable
stop (arrow).
Fig. 7
dovetail
for the
vertical
Coarse and fine adjustment of the object stage
The coarse and fine adjustment, ar-
ranged on
both sides of the stand, ad-
justment range 35mm, actuates the ob-
ject stage. One interval on the fine-
adjustment corresponds to a vertical
difference of 2 ,u m.
7

22656·514 A
229 62· 514 R
8
Fig. 8
Lamp Housing
102 Z
The Lamp Housing 102 Z accepts
tungsten halogen lamps, ultra-high-
pressure mercury lamps, and high-pres-
sure xenon lamps of up to 100 W. Lamp
and mirror are centred separately.
The lamp condenser can be horizontally
adjusted.
Fig. 9
Lamp mount with
20 W tungsten halogen lamp for
the DI A LU X 20 EB.
Condensers
Fig. 10
SK standa rd condenser
1 Interchangeable condenser top
2 Condenser top hold
er
1
2
3
4
5
6
3 Lever for swinging out the condenser to p. At
the same
tim e the lens 6 is swung int o th e
illu min a ting beam;
4 Aperture dia
phr ag m lever
5 Dovetai l changer
6 Supplementary lens
Condenser with dovetail change r,
sw ing-out condenser to holder (1 0. 2)
and supplementary lens (10 . 6) . Can be
adapted
for special purposes with the
use
of different condenser tops (10. 1)
to be screwed into the holder .
22655·513 R
Fig. 11
UK universal condenser
1 Two cen
trin g screws (o nly one visibl e) for the
light ring a dju st me nt
2 Interchangeable condenser top
3 Rotating
turr et
4 Aperture diaphr
ag m
5 Dovetail chan
ger
6 Supplementary lens
Condenser with do vetail changer (11 . 5) ,
swing-out condenser top holder , and
supplementary lens (11 .6), can be
adapted
for special purposes. Rotary
turr ets (11.3) for phase contrast and
interference contrast T can be inserted.
9

. Condenser tops for the SK standard condenser and the UK universal condenser
UK Universal condenser for phase contrast
Condenser
Uses
Condenser
Light ring Rotary Objectives
top top
turret engraved:
position
0. 90 81.1 condenser top turned out
For objectives of apertures < 0.25
(supplementarylens turned in) 0.
90 8 1.1 -H (all objectives)
Brightfield
1 8 1.1 1 Phaco 1 Phase contrast
0.90 8 1.1 condenser top turned in For
objectives of aperture > 0.25 2 8
1.1
2 Phaco 2 Phase contrast
(supplementarylens turned out) 3 8 1.1 3 Phaco 3 Phase
contrast
4 8 1.1 4 Phaco 4 Phase
contrast
Oil1 . 32 condenser top turned in For use with the
Oil100 /1. 32 OF 8 1.1 5 (all objectives) Darkground
(supplementary lens turned
objective
Aperture < 0.75
out); immersion oil on
front lens of the condenser
0.70 8 4 -H (all objectives)
Brightfield
0. 70 8 4 condenser top turned in
Intercept distance 4mm. For
(supplementary lensturned out) examination of specimens
mounted on
microscope slides
thicker than 1mm.
1 8 4 1 Phaco 1 Phase
contrast
284
2 Phaco 2 Phase contrast
384
3 Phaco 3 Phase
contrast
484
4 Phaco 4 Phase contrast
0. 55 8 15 condenser top turned in
Intercept distance 15mm. For
(supplementarylens turned out) examination
of specimens on
microscope slides thicker than
6mm
0. 55 8 15 -H (all objectives) Brightfield
1 8 15
1 Phaco 1 Phase
contrast
2 815 2 Phaco 2 Phase
contrast
4 815 4 Phaco 4 Phase contrast
0. 35 8 30
-H (all objectives)
Brightfield
0. 35 8 30
condenser top turned in
Interc ept distance 30mm. For 1 8
30 1 Phaco 1 Phase
contrast
(supplementarylens turned out) examination of
specimens on 2 8
30 2 Phaco 2 Phase
contrast
microscope slides thicker than
10mm
D 0.80
condenser top turned in
Darkground; for objectives of
(supplementarylens turned out) apertures < 0.75
D 1.19
condenser top turned in Darkground;
for objectives of
supplementary lens turned out);
aperture < 1.10
immersion oil on front lens
of the condenser top
10
11

Objectives
1 __!gl!l!
2-JW., .,......:.; ::t;;j
3:=; ~ .:.,-
4
5- ...... ~~
s- ....... ~---~~-.
7- s;;,.; ;:;::;::;:::;:;::
22952-519 R
Fig. 12
NPL FLUOTAR 100 /1. 32 OIL
All LEITZ objectives computed for
tube length 160, as well as objectives
of primary magnification greater than
16:1
computed for tube length 170
(note the engraved values) can be used
on the DIALUX
20 .
The following data are engraved on the
objective mounts:
1 160 (170) : mechanical tube length.
The
distance in mm between the
shoulder of the objective and the
rim
of the tube.
2 0.17:
coverglass thickness. Only
specimens under a coverglass
(0 .17mm thickness) should be ob-
served with these objectives . If the
figure 0.17 is replaced by a dash
(-) specimens may be observed
with or without a coverglass.
3 Normal piano objectives (flattened
field
of view of up to at least 18mm
intermediate image).
12
Piano
objectives (flattened field of
view of up to 28mm intermediate
image).
Repro-
duction
1.6:1 25:1
4:1
6.3:1
ratio
Colo ur
grey brown red orange
10:1 16 :1 25 :1
40:1 63 :1
100 :1
y
ellow bright dark
bright dark
white
green gr ee n
blue blue
Ordinary achromatic objectives
have no additional letters engraved.
Objectives for phase contrast ob-
servation have the additional de-
signation Phaco (all the NPL-FLUO-
TAR objectives are engraved in
green
throughout) and the indi cation
of the a ssociated position of the
Phaco ring turret of the UK univer-
sal condenser (e .g. Phaco 1 =
turret position 1).
4
Reproduction ratio: The dimensional
ratio of intermediate image and ob-
ject (e.g. 100:1).
5 Numerical aperture : (e.g. /1.32).
6 The aperture indication is followed
by that of the immersion medium.
7
Colour code see above table.
8 Immersion
objectives have an ad-
ditional black ring = oil immersion
or white ring = water immersion.
Eyepieces
22954-519 R
Fig. 13
PERIPLAN GF 10 x/ 18
LEITZ eyepieces computed for 160mm
mechanical tube length are used. They
differ from conventional eyepieces in
the additional indication of the field-of-
view inde x following that of the magni-
fication.
22970-512 R
Fi g. 14
Inserting the distance ring TL 160 (arro w)
"
If LEITZ eyepieces of conventional
design (without indication of the field-
of-view index) are to be used, an ad-
ditional TL 160 distance ring (Fig. 14)
must be inserted.
The
field-of-view of an eyepiece is the
area
of the intermediate image in the
tube that can be observed in it it
appears magnified by the eyepiece
factor.
The
diameter of the image produced
by a GF 10x/18 eyepiece therefore ap-
pears as large as
that of an area
10 x 18 = 180mm at a distance of
250mm from the observer.
If the diameter of the field of view is
divided by the objective magnification
(and any tube factor involved) (turret
1 x, PLOEMOPAK ® 1.25x) the diameter
of the object area observed is obtained.
With the previously mentioned GF 1 Ox/
18 eyepiece and a 25/0.55 objective an
object area of
18
25 x 1 = 0.72mm
diameter
can therefore be observed. The final
magnification of the microscope is
based on the
following formula:
Reproduction ratio of the objective x
eyepiece
magnification (x tube factor) .
Example:
Objective 25 /0.55
Eyepiece 1Ox/18
Tube factor 1x
Total
magnification 25 x 10 x 1 = 250:1
13

3 Assemb l ing the microscope
14
Fig. 15
Inse rting the tube
Press the lever for tube change in the
direction of the arrow and drop the tube
into the bayonet changer. Allow the
lever to return to the front.
After it is
locked, the
tube can be rotated through
360° .lnsertthe eyepieces in their tubes.
Fig. 16
Sc rewing in the objectives
Screw the objectives into the apertures
on the revolving nosepiece at increas-
ing magnification (e .g. 6.3, 16, 40 etc . ).
Fi g. 17
Inserting the revolving nosepiece with obj ec tives
Lower the object stage with the coarse
a djustment (1 . 6) , release the clamping
screw and fully insert the re volving
nosepiece with the objectiv es in the
horizontal dovetail guide; tighten the
clamping screw.
1
.tO
22636-512 A
-
512 A
22956-514 A
Fig. 18
Inse rting the condenser
Lower the condenser dovetail guide
with knob (18 . 1) until the condenser
can be easily inserted in it as far as it
will go. The aperture diaphragm lever
(18.2) must face the
observer . Ra ise
the
condenser fully.
Fig. 19
Removing the transport anchorage
Attention: before inserting the lamp
housing remove the transport anchor-
ing screw (arrow) of t
he lamp conden-
ser
on the bottom of t he lamp housing.
Fig. 20
Attaching the Lamp Housing 102 Z
Set the bayonet lever (20.1) of the lamp
housing
vertica ll y. Insert the changing
collar of the lamp housing in the
bayonet
fitting of the microscope and
secure it.
15

Changing the lamp
Release the knurled screw (24.7) of the
lamp mount. Pull the lamp mount (24.8)
out of the lamp housing. Remove the
defective lamp . Insert the new tungsten
halogen lamp before removing its pro-
tective cover (21.2). Replace the lamp
mount (21 . 1) and centre the lamp (Fig.
25).
Fig. 21
Inserting the tungsten ha logen lamp
22637·514 A
Fig. 22
In serting the mount wit h lamp
16
Fully open the field diaphragm (1.18).
Insert the adjustment device in the filter
slot (Fig. 23).
Fig. 23
Adjustment device (with the diagrammatically re-
presented lamp adjustme nt).
Centring the lamp
(Lamp Housing 102 Z)
Turn the microscope sideways for
easier access to all centring screws of
the lamp housing.
Fig. 25
Image of the lamp filament and its mirror image
(diagrammatic representation)
II ~
29229-514 A
F or m a sharp image
of the lamp filament
by turning the lamp
condenser knob (2).
29233-514 A
Adjust the mirror
horizont ally (5) so
that the
mirror image
of the lamp filament
also appears in sharp
focus.
29230-514 A
Move the lamp filament
image into the upper
half of the illuminated
field wit h the ce ntring
screw (1).
29234-514A
Set the mirr or image
with the two
ad just-
ment screws 4 and 6
so that
it coincides
with the primary image
of the lamp filament
in the l ower half.
Fig.
24
Lamp Housing 102 Z
29231-514 A
Adjust the lamp
filame nt image with
centring screw (3) so
that it occ upi es the
upper
illuminated
area co mplet el y.
29235·514 A
Set the two images
of the lamp filament
with the fine a dju st-
ment
of the lamp (1)
and mirror adjust ment
screws (4) so that
their sides exactly
coincide.
22 656·5 14 A
29232·514 A
By ad ju sting the two
centring screws
(4, 6)
capture the mirror
image of th e lamp
filament in the lower
half
of th e illumin-
ated area.
The two images
should n
ow just
coin cide in the
ce
ntr e.
17

Changing the Lamps in the DIALUX 20 EB
23181-514R
Fi g. 26
Pulling out th e EB lamp mount
Fig.
27
Inserting a new lamp
18
23022-5 12 A
Fig. 28
Inse rting th e lamp mount
Pull the lamp mount out of the fo ot of
the stand. Remove the defective lamp
In sert new tungsten halogen lamp t o-
gether with its protective cover , whi ch
should be removed only after insertion .
Replace the lamp mount in the foot of
the stand.
.. .
4
preparing the microscope for operation
Fig. 29
Fig. 30
....
. liE_
Fig. 31
22972-512 A
Switch on the microscope illumination.
Mount the specimen with object holder
on the ob j ect stage.
The cl amping of the specimen is ad-
just able: push the button (Fig. 29,
arrow) on the pivot of the specimen
holder , push it to the left for firmer , to
the right for less firm clamping and let
it click in position.
For initial observation choose an ob-
jective of medium magnification (e.g.
NPL FLUOTAR 16 /0.40).
Give the screw (1 . 17) about 5 anticlock-
wise turns and fully raise the condenser
with knurled screw (1.15).
Turn the condenser top in. Open the
aperture diaphragm (10 /11.4) and the
field diaphragm (1.18).
When the
binocular observation tube S
(Fig. 30) is used, carry out interpupil-
lary distance adjustment (by pulling or
pushing) so that both images are co-
incident (only one circular image is
seen).
Transfer the interpupillary dis-
tance determined (scale on the front
plate of the tube) to the two eyepiece
tubes - e.g.
with a 65mm interpupillar
distance set the two eyepiece tubes
each at their "65" mark (Fig. 31).
Carry
out the following corrections for
defective vision:
Look through the right-hand eyepiece
with
your right eye and focus the spe-
cimen with the fine adjustment.
Now
l ook at the same area of the specimen
through the left-hand eyepiece with
your left eye and aga in focus the spe-
cimen by rotating the left-hand eye-
piece
tube -do not use the fine ad-
justment. Check this
setting finally after
centration of the condenser.
19