Nikon LABOPHOT-POL User manual

Nikon
Polarizing Microscope
LABOPHOT -POL
INSTRUCTIONS
NIPPON KOGAKU K.K.

CAUTIONS
oAvoid sharp knocks l
Handle the microscope gently, taking care
to avoid sharp knocks.
_When carrying the microscope
When carrying the microscope, hold its arm
with one hand, supporting the bottom of
the microscope base with the other. The
instrument weighs about 8 kg.
8Place for using
Avoid the use of the microscope in a dusty
place, where it is subject to vibrations or
exposed to high temperatures, moisture or
direct sunlight.
oPower source voltage
..,...ForEuropean districts only-
Make sure of the power source voltage,
220V or 240V, by means of the input
voltage change-over switch wh ich is on the
bottom of the microscope base.
oExchanging the lamp bulb and fuse
Before replacing the lamp bulb (6V-20W)
or fuse, turn OF F the power switch and
disconnect the plug of the power source
cord.
In such cases as of replacement, do not
touch the lamp bulb with bare hands, im-
mediately after putting out the lamp.
(it Dirt on the lens
Do not leave dust, dirt or finger marks on
the lens surfaces.
They will prevent you from clear observa-
tion of the specimen image.
2
~Strain-free glasses
The optical elements of this microscope
being constructed of strain-free glasses,
ta ke particular caution in hand Iing the
objectives and condenser lenses not to
cause strain to them.
8Focus knobs
Never attempt to adjust the tightness of
the right- and lefthand focus knobs by
turning the one, while holding the other in
this model microscope, because of causing
disorder.

CARE AND MAINTENANCE
oCleaning the lenses
To clean the lens surfaces, remove dust
using a soft hair brush or gauze. Only for
removing finger marks or grease, should
soft cotton cloth, lens tissue or gauze
lightly moistened with absolute alcohol
(methanol or ethanol) be used.
For cleaning the objectives and immersion
oil use only xylene.
Observe sufficient caution in handling
alcohol and xylene.
f)Cleaning the painted surfaces
Avoid the use of any organic solvent (for
example, th inner, ether, alcohol, xylene
etc.) for cleaning the painted surfaces and
plastic parts of the instrument.
8Never attempt to dismantle!
Never attempt to dismantle the instrument
so as to avoid the possibility of impairing
the operational efficiency and accuracy.
OWhen not in use
When not in use, cover the instrument with
the accessory vinyl cover, and store it in a
place free from moisture and fungus.
It is especially recommended that the
objectives and eyepieces be kept in an
airtight container containing desiccant.
oPeriodical checking
To maintain the performance of the instru-
ment, we recommend to check the instru-
ments periodically. (For details of this
check, contact our agency.)
3
CONTENTS
I. NOMENCLATURE 4
II. ASSEMBLy 6
III. PREPARATION 8
1. Interpupillary Distance Adjustment 8
2. Diopter Adjustment 8
3. Optical Path Change-over in the
Trinocular Eyepiece Tube "TP" 8
4. Centering the Objectives 8
5. Centering the Condenser Lens 9
6. Orientation of the Dia-polarizer 9
IV. MICROSCOPY 10
1. Operating Procedure 10
2. Manipulation of Each Element 11
1) Focusing 11
2) Condenser aperture diaphragm 11
3) Field diaphragm 11
4) Circular graduated stage 11
5) Objectives 11
6) Eyepieces 12
7) Achromat strain-free condenser 12
8) Bertrand lens 12
9) 1/4 A&tint plate 13
10) Dia-polarizer and analyzer _ 13
11) Filters 14
12) Illumination system 14
V. PHOTOMiCROGRAPHy 15
VI. ACCESSORIES 17
1. 5enarmont Compensator 17
2. Quartz Wedge 17
3. Monocular Eyepiece Tube "AP" 18
4. Epi-illuminator "M" 18
5. Attachable Mechanical Stage Type "E". 19
VII. TROUBLE SHOOTING TABLE 20
REFERENCE 23
ELECTRIC SPECIFICATIONS 23

I.NOMENCLATURE
Binocular eyepiece tube "BP"
Interpupillary distance scale
Diopter ring
CF eyepiece
Eyeguard
Bertrand lens flip-in/out ring
Centering nosepiece
CF Achromat P objective
(strain-tree)
Circular graduated stage
Circular graduated stage
clamp screw
Vernier
Achromat strain-free condenser
Filters
(B& GIF)
Dust cap
4
Eyepiece tube clamp screw
Analyzer in/out knob
Intermediate tube
clamp screw
Coarse focus knob
Fine focus knob
Orientation plate
Filter receptacle
Fig. 1

Analyzer rotation ring
Intermediate tube "P"
Analyzer clamp screw
Condenser focus knob
Lamp socket
Field diaphragm
control ring
V-POL stand
5
Compensator slot
1/4 A&tint plate
Nosepiece centering screw
Specimen clip
Stage rotation clamp screw
Condenser centering screw
Condenser aperture
diaphragm control ring
Dia-polarizer
Condenser clamp screw
Field lens
Brightness control dial
(including power switch)
Fig.2

II. ASSEMBLY
1/4 A&tint plate
Remove the screw by the side of
the 1/4 Aplate of the 1/4 A& tint
plate and insert it into the com-
pensator slot of the intermediate
tube "P", facing the positioning
groove toward the operator side.
Reattach the removed screw.
®
®CF Achromat P objective
Mount the objectives on the nose-
piece in such positions that thfilir
magnifying power increasesasthe
nosepiece is revolved clockwise.
Input voltage change-over
switch
(For European districts only)
Make sure of the power source
voltage, 220V or 240V, by means
of the input voltage change-over
switch on the bottom of the
microscope base_
• To assemblethe microscope, follow the procedure in the order given:--'
CF eyepiece _
®Insert the eyepiece CFW 10XCM- '"
into the right-hand sleeve, fitting
the pin of the eyepiece in the
right-hand notch of the sleeve.
Into the left-hand sleeve, insert
the CFW lOx.
Bottom of the Base
CD
@2 Achromat strain-free condenser
Insert the condenser into the con-
denser carrier, fad ng the aperture
number plate toward the operator.
Fasten the clamp screw on the left
side of the carrier.
Aperture number plate •.----
Specimen clip
Place the clip on the stage using
holes on the stagesurface.
Stage clamp screw
Circular graduated stage
Releasing the stage clamp screw
sufficiently, mount the stage on
the circular dovetail of the sub-
stage. Clamp the screw.
Dia-polarizer
After centering the objec-
tives and condenser, insert
the dia-polarizer into the
bottom of the condenser.
@
@)
@
Leveling foot screw
For stable installation of the
microscope, manipulate the adjust-
ing screw at one foot on the
bottom of the microscope base.
6

•
---------. ?:=:
Y·POL stand
@T:.er
(]) Eyepiece tube
Attach the eyepiece tube on the intermediate tube "P", fitting
the notch of the circular dovetail on the end of the clamp screw.
Fasten the clamp screw.
Eyepiece tube clamp screw
®Intermediate tube "P"
Attach the intermediate tube "P" on the arm of the V-POL stand,
fitting the notch of the circular dovetai I on the end of the
clamp screw. Fasten the clamp screw.
Intermediate tube clamp screw
Halogen lamp bulb (6V-20W)
Insert the lamp bulb with its pins
into the accepting holes in the
socket.
Note Don't touch the bulb sur-
face directly with the fin-
ger.
Power source cord
t4'Lamp socket~ Insert the socket into the recep-
tacle on the rear of the base.
Place the filter on the field
lens. <p = 45
Fig. 3
7

III. PREPARATION
3.. Optical Path Change-over in the 1
Trinocular Eyepiece Tube "TP"
(Fig. 6)
Fig. 8
Vertical photo
tube: 86%
Observat ion
tube: 14%
Optical path
change-over knob
Fig. 7
Fig.6
'* Since the CF eyepieces are of high eye-
point type, it is not necessary for the user
putting on his spectacles to remove them.
Only fold down the eyeguard rubber.
(Fig.8)
I. 4. Centeringthe Objectives
1) Place the specimen on the stage, and focus
on the specimen. Bring an appropriate tar-
get to the center of the cross lines in the
eyepiece.
2) Insert the centering tools in the centering
screws on the nosepiece. (Fig. 9)
(For binocular observation)
1) Mount the specimen on the stage. Swing
the objective 10 x into position, and bring
the specimen image into focus looking into
the right-hand eyepiece.
2) Without manipulating the coarse-and-fine
focus knob, turn the diopter ring on the
left-hand eyepiece to focus on the speci-
men.
Fig. 5
____ J
Fig. 4
2. Diopter Adjustment
Rotate the diopter ring on the eyepiece CFW
10X CM until the cross lines are seen clear.
(Fig.5)
1. ·Interpupiflary DistanceAdjustment I
Place a specimen on the stage, and focus on the
specimen.
As shown in Fig. 4, adjust the interpupillary
distance, so that both the right and left view-
fields become one.
Fig.9
8

Fig. 10
• Repeat the above procedure two or three
times, and the rotation center of the stage
coincides with the cross lines center.
• Carry out centering for each objective.
Fig. 11
Eyepiece
viewfield stop
[.Im ..ageof field
diaphragm
iT \,
,/
,
\\
\ ....(')\.i \
\~~) )
rn~-/
Eyepiece
viewfield stop
6. Orientationof the Dii-pmarizer ·1
1) Place the specimen on the stage, focus on
the specimen using objective 40 X.
2) Set the analyzer scale on the intermediate
tube "P" to O.
3) Insert the dia-polarizer into the bottom
of the condenser asshown in Fig. 12.
A half
position
of the
displacement
Rotate
1800 .
Target
3) Rotate the stage about 1800, and the target
is displaced from the center of the cross
Iines. Move the objective using the center-
ing tools so that the center of the cross
Iines comes to one half position of the
displacement of the target. (Fig. 10)
Di'''OI''i''~~~
Fig. 12
4) Remove the eyepiece from the sleeve.
Observing the exit pupil of objective
inside, rotate the dia-polarizer so as to
form a dark cross image on the exit pupil
asshown in Fig. 13.
5. Centeringtbe CondenserLe~' ~I
1) Close the field diaphragm in the micro-
scope base to its smallest size by means of
the field diaphragm control ring. Rotate
the condenser focus knob to move the
condenser vertically so that a sharp image
of the field diaphragm is formed on the
specimen surface.
2) Bring the field diaphragm image to the
center of the field of view by means of
the condenser centering screws.
(Fig. 11-[I])
3) Change over to the objective 40 x, and
adjust the field diaphragm so that the
image of the diaphragm is about the same
as the eyepiece viewfield stop, asshown in
Fig. 11- ~. If not centered, use the con-
denser centering screws again.
Dark cross image
Fig. 13
9

IV. MICROSCOPY
A~> .... v: " >,,' ,<' ,:¥f:~i-0":'.?~~G+:t
..O~~atingProeed~ri'
f/Ji ~,:,fr%: ~
1) Turn the brightness control dial (including
power switch) to light the lamp.
2) Bring the analyzer and the Bertrand lens out of
the optical path. (Refer to P. 12 &13)
3) Place the specimen on the stage and swing the
10X objective into position. Focuson specimen.
4) Adjust the interpupillary distance and diopter.
(Refer to P.8)
5) Placethe filter on the field lens.
6) Carry out the centering procedure for the
objective. (Refer to P.8)
7) Carry out the centering procedure for the con-
denser. (Refer to P.9)
8) Bring the analyzer into the optical path.
9) Swing in the objective to be usedand refocus on
specimen.
10) Brightness is adjusted by changing the lamp
voltage.
Table 1
Orthoscopic
Conoscopic
microscopy microscopy
lOX or IN
Top lens of higher IN
condenser 4X or
OUT
lower
Bertrand lens
OUT
IN
Circumscribed
lOX or
70% ~ 80% of the
the circumfer-
numerical aperture ence of the
Aperture higher of the objective
conoscoplC
diaphragm 4X or field of view
Fully opened (or fullylower opened)
Circumscribed the
Circumscribed
lOx or circumference of
the circumfer-
Field higher
the eyepiece field
ence of the
diaphragm
of view
orthoscopic
4x or Fully opened
field of view
lower
10

i·~-I
Size of the condenser aperture diaphragm
Fig. 14
3) Field diaphragm (F diaphragm)
• The field diaphragm is used for determin-
ing the illuminated area on the specimen
surface in relation to the field of view of
the microscope. Generally, it is stopped
down to such an extent that th'e circum-
ference of the illuminated area circum-
scribes that of the eyepiece field of view.
[Note] This diaphragm does not work as
the field diaphragm when the
condenser top lens is swung out
of the optical path. In th is case
the diaphragm is recommended
to be fully opened because the
numerical aperture of the illumi-
nator will be cut off when this
diaphragm is excessively stopped
down.
4) Circular graduated stage
• The rotation angle of the stage is readable
with the accuracy of 0.10 via a vernier scale.
• The stage can be clamped at any position
using the stage rotation clamp screw on
the vernier.
• Remove the eyepiece from the eyepiece
tube, adjust the size of the diaphragm,
observing the image of the diaphragm
which is visible on the bright circle of exit
pupil of objective inside.
• When swinging out the top lens of the con-
denser (for microscopy using 4x or lower
objective), fully open the condenser
apertu re d iaph ragm.
(2) Conoscopic microscopy
• In conoscopic microscopy, the condenser
aperture diaphragm works as a field dia-
phragm on the conoscopic image surface.
Stop down the diaphragm to such an
extent that it circumscribes the circumfer-
ence of the field of view of the conoscopic
image (exit pupil of objective) to shut out
the stray light.
5) Objectives
• The CF Achromat P objectives (Strain-free)
and CF eyepieces adopted in the Nikon
POLARIZING MICROSCOPE LABO-
PHOT-POL are designed on the basis of a
concept "Chromatic Aberration Free".
Exit pupil
of objective
Aperture
diaphragm
Fine focus
knob
,-Coarse focus
knob
Fig.15
2. Manipulationof EachEleme~t } _;1
1) Focusing
• The relation between the direction of rota-
tion of the focus knobs and that of vertical
movement of the stage is as indicated in
Fig. 14.
• One rotation of the fine focus knob moves
the stage 0.2mm.
The graduation on this focus knob ~
divided into 211m.
One rotation of the. coarse focus knob
moves the stage 4.7mm.
• Tightness of the coarse-fine focus knob
having been properly adjusted by the
manufactu rer, it should never be readjusted
in this model microscope by turning the
one knob while holding the other.
2) Condenser aperture diaphragm (A dia-
phragm)-
(1) Orthoscopic microscopy
• The condenser aperture diaphragm is
provided for adjusting the numerical
aperture (N.A) of the illuminating system
of microscope.
In general, when it is stopped down to 70
~ 80% of the numerical aperture of the
objective, a good image of appropriate
contrast will be obtained. (Fig. 15)
11

In every case use the CF objectives in com-
bination with the CF eyepieces.
(1) Oil immersion objectives (Oil)
• Objective CF Achromat P 100x (Oil), an
oil-immersion type, is to be immersed in oil
between the specimen and front of the
objective.
To see if air bubbles are present in the im-
mersion oil, which deteriorate the image
quality, pull out the eyepiece from the
eyepiece tube to examine the objective exit
pupil inside the tube. To remove air bub-
bles, revolve the nosepiece slightly to and
fro several times, apply additional oil, or
replace the oil. Be careful not to rotate the
nosepiece too far as to soil the ends of the
other objectives with oil.
• To clean off the oil, passlens tissue or soft
cloth moistened with xylene lightly two or
three times over the lens. It is essential at
this time to avoid touching the lens with
the part of tissue or cloth once used.
(2) Coverglass
• With the objectives engraved "160/0.17",
usea coverglass of O.17mm in thickness.
• The indication "160/-" on the objective
means that no matter whether a coverglass
is used or not, no decrease of image defini-
tion or of contrast will result.
6) Eyepieces
• To take full advantage of the CF eyepieces,
use them in combination with the CF
objectives.
• By inserting the eyepiece with cross lines
and graduation (CFW 1OXCM) into the
eyepiece sleeve fitting the protractor pin
into the right-hand side groove of the
sleeve, the a-direction of the analyzer and
dia-polarizer are aligned with the cross lines
direction.
If the protractor pin is fitted to the upper
right side groove of the sleeve, the cross
lines will be aligned with the diagonal posi-
tion of the polarizaiton.
• CF PL Projection lenses are exclusively
designed for photom icrography. Do not
usethem for observation.
• For focusing with the observation tube of
the trinocular eyepiece tube for photo-
12
micrography, use the eyepiece incorporat-
ing the photo mask.
7) Achromat strain-free condenser
• The top lens of the condenser is to be
placed in the optical path for the ortho-
scopic and conoscopic microscopy provid-
ed that it is to be swung out when an
objective of 4X or lower magnification is
in use.
[Note] For the orthoscopic microscopy,
a lower numerical aperture illumi-
nation with the top lens swung in
condenser was used to be recom-
mended, however, th is method is
not effective especially for high
magnification observation because
of the lowered resolution. Hence,
for the latter case, use of the top
lens may rather be recommend-
able except the retardation mea-
surement or the interference color
observation for wh ich it is neces-
sary to make the illumination
light flux as parallel aspossible to
the optical axis by swinging out
the top lens or stopping down the
aperture diaphragm.
• Thickness of the glassslide must be 1.7mm
or less, otherwise, the field diaphragm
might fail to focus its image on the speci-
men.
8) Bertrand lens
(with the trinocular eyepiece tube "TP" or
the binocular eyepiece tube "BP" in use)
• Bring the Bertrand lens into the optical
path by turning the Bertrand lens ring
leftward to observe the conoscopic image.
(Fig. 16)
Bertrand lens
flip-in/out ring
Fig. 16

Orientation
plate .
1/4A plate
Empty hole
Sensitive tint plate
Fig. 20
• As the orientation of the dia-polarizer
slightly changes when centering the con-
denser, check the orientation after center-
ing the condenser.
• The analyzer rotates 1800 via the rotation
ring the left-hand side clamp being releas-
ed. The rotation angle is readable with
accuracy of 0.10 via the vernier.
Fig. 19
• The test plate has an empty hole at the
center. By pushing it through the slot, the
sensitive tint plate (530nm) is brought
into the optical path and by pulling it out
the 1/4 Aplate is brought into the optical
path.
10) Dia-polarizer and analyzer
• When the both are set at Qreading on the
protractor scale, position of the polariza-
tion plane coincides with the orientation
plate (X-direction for polarizer, Y-direction
for analyzer) on the microscope base.
-(Fig. 20)
[Note] Some of the reference books or
special works about polarizing
microscope available in the
market explain that X-direction is
for analyzer and V-direction for
polarizer.
Conoscopic image
of this area can be
observed
Orthoscopic viewfield
~Pin hole eyepiece
In the above simultaneous observation of
the conoscopiC and orthoscopic images,
the former image may appear deviated
from the orthoscopic view field center,
however, the deviated image represents
the conoscopic Iight flux that covers the
central part of the orthoscopic view field
to the extent of about 1/18 .
Fig. 18
• The conoscopic view field is as large as
about 1/4 of the orthoscopic view field.
(Fig. 17)
Fig. 17
• The conoscopic image may also be observ-
ed overlapping on the orthoscopic image
through the binocular observation, one of
the paired eyepieces being replaced with
the accessory pin hole eyepiece and with-
out the Bertrand lens in the opti"cal path.
(Fig. 18)
9) 1/4 A &tint plate
• Removing the 1/4 Aplate side screw, hold
the 1/4 A& tint plate, the click-stop
groove facing the operator and insert it
forward into the compensator slot.
Then screw-in the above screw as it was.
(Fig. 19)
13

Analyzer
clamp screw
Analyzer
rotation ring Analyzer
in/out knob
Fig. 21
11) Filters
• Place the filter on the field lens.
Table 2
Type of filter Use
BFor general microscopy
(Day light) GIF
For retardation measure-
(Green interference) ment
12) Illumination system
• The optical system for illumination in the
LABOPHOT-POL microscope is construct-
ed to fulfill the Koehler illumination
requ irements perfectly, and offers a bright,
un iform field without any change-over
manipulation.
• Halogen lamp 6V-20W (PHI LIPS 7388)
is used as a light source.
14

V.PHOTOMICROGRAPHY
Prepare the following equipments in addition to
the LABOPHOT-POL microscope main body.
*Nikon Microflex
*Trinocular eyepiece tube "TP"
*CF PL Projection Lens
1. CF Pl Projection lenses
The combined use of the CF P objectives and
CF PL Projection lenses is essential.
For the same total magnification, select a com-
bination of the highest possible objective power
and lowest possible projection lens power to
achieve the utmost image definition and
contrast.
2. Illumination
1) Checkingthe illumination
Unevenness in the illumination will show
up more conspicuously in photomicro-
graphy than in observation. Consequently,
before taking a photograph, recheck the
positioning and centering of the lamp and
the correct adjustment of the condenser.
2) Selectionof voltageandfilter
The color temperatu re of the Iight source
varies with the voltage being used. There-
fore, in color photomicrography, the
selection of voltage and filter is essential
(for the result to be obtained).
In color photomicrography, set the bright-
ness control dial to 5.5, and use NCB10
filter.
Depending upon the make of the film,
different color renditions may result. It is
recommended that in addition to the NCB
10 filter a color compensation filter (CC
filter), available from the film manufac-
turer, be used.
3. Shutter Speed
Desirable shutter speeds for least vibration are
1/4 ~ 1/15 sec. Adjustment of the imagebright-
ness for color photomicrography should be
made by means of the NO filters.
Some specimens require, on account of their
15
insufficient brightness, longer exposure times,
and consequently poor color reproducibility
owing to the "Reprocity Law Failure" of film
may result. So, when taking picture of such
specimens, it is recommended to use the Nikon
Polarizing Microscope OPTIPHOT-POL.
4. Manipulation of Field and Aperture
Diaphragm
In photomicrography, the adjustment of the
field diaphragm is important for the purpose of
limiting extraneous light which causes flare in
the microscope image. Stop down the dia-
phragm so as to get an illuminated area slightly
larger than that of the picture field. By adjust-
ing the apertu re diaphragm, a change of depth
of focus, contrast and resolution of image is
attainable. Select a size suited to the purpose.
Generally speaking, the aperture diaphragm, is
properly stopped down to 70 ~ 80% of the
aperture of the objective being used.
5. FOC;USing
Focusing for photomicrography can be done
with the observation tube of the trinocular
eyepiece tube "TP" or by using the Microflex
finder.
1) For focusing with the Microflex finder
Refer to the Instruction Manual for the
Nikon Microflex.
2) Focusingwith the observationtube
For focusing with the observation tube, use
the eyepiece incorporating the photo mask.
Before proceeding to focusing, the bino-
cular diopter adjustment should have been
finished.
(1) Insert the eyepiece with photo mask into
the eyepiece sleeve on the side of the user's
dominant eye, and the viewing eyepiece
into the other side sleeve.
Turning the diopter ring, bring the double
cross lines in the mask eyepiece into sharp
focus, and then, turning the coarse-fine
focus knob, focus the specimen image onto
the focused surface at the center of the

mask. For diopter adjustment in the other
eyepiece, do not manipulate the focus
knob, but the diopter ring to bring the
image into focus, with the objective 4 xor
lOx.
(2) Turning the eyepiece as a whole, set it in
such a position that the photo mask ap-
pears asshown in Fig. 22.
Inner frame
~Intermediate
frame
Outer frame
Mask eyepiece viewfield
Fig. 22
(3) Furthermore, when using a low power
objective, place the focusing telescope over
the mask eyepiece, thus constructing an
eyepiece of higher magnification, to per-
form precise focusing.
3) Magnifications of CFPL Projection lenses
suitable for each frame size of photo mask
Refer to Table 3.
Table 3. Magnifications of CF PL Projection
lenses Suitable for Frame Size of
Photo Mask
CFPLPro-
Large form at
Type of film adapter
jection lens magnification
~ <ll
35 mm 2.5x
-------------
~ E ::> ro
O~ 4" x 5" 2.5x4x
~
35mm 4x
~
ro
'6<ll 4" x 5" 4x
4x
<ll EEro
I
~ ~ 3%" x 4%" 2.5X
4x
~-.- c6x9 2.5x
4x
35mm
5x
~
~ <ll ~ E 4" x 5" 5x
4x
c ~ --.- 3%" x 4%" 4x4x
For photomicrography, when focusing
with the binocular observation tube, use
the CF eyepiece, CF PL Projection lens and
16
CF Photo Mask eyepiece, with the magnifi-
cation and other indications engraved in
yellow, or in white with a white dot in
addition.
6. Others
• As the intermediate tube "P" of LABO-
PHOT-POL microscope builts in the
depolarizer, it's not necessary to give care
to the relation between the orientation of
the polarizer, analyzer and the position of
the Microflex .
• For the use of other photom icrograph ic
attachments refer to the pertinent instruc-
tion manuals.

VI. ACCESSORIES
1. Senarmont Compensator
To be inserted into the compensator slot of the
intermediate tube "P" in place of the 1/4 \ &
tint plate to measure the retardation with the
accuracy of the \ unit. (Fig 23)
Fig. 23
1) Detecting of extinction position
Rotate the stage with the specimen under
the crossed Nicols to find out the direction
where the specimen part for measurement
appears darkest.
2) Detecting of subtraction position
Rotate the stage 45° to bring it to the dia-
gonal position from the extinction position
and confirm that the interference color of
the specimen part for measurement changes
toward the lower order side by inserting
the 1/4 \ &tint plate into the optical path.
If the color changes toward higher order
side, rotate the stage further by 90°.
2. Quartz Wedge
The quartz wedge is used instead of the 1/4 \
& tint plate that is in the compensator slot of
the intermediate tube "P" (Fig 24)
With this wedge the retardation in the range of
1\ ~ 6\ can roughly be measured.
Fig. 24
1) Detecting of extinction position
Detect the position where the specimen
part for measurement becomes darkest by
rotating the stage under the crossed Nicols.
2) Detecting of subtraction position
Rotate the stage 45° to bring it tQ the dia-
gonal positio·n from the extinction position
and confirm that the interference color of
the specimen part for measurement changes
toward the lower order side by inserting
the quartz wedge into the optical path.
If the color changes toward the higher
order side, rotate the stage fu rther by 90°.
When the fi Iter GIF is used: \ = 546nm
3) Measurement
Inserting the filter GIF into the filter
receptacle, replace the 1/4 \ &tint plate
by the compensator.
Rotate the analyzer so asthe specimen part
for measurement becomes as dark as possi-
ble.
Let the angle of the above analyzer rota-
tion be 8° then the retardation R (nm) will
be obtained asfollows:
_8\
R=180
where \ wave length of the
light used for the
measurement
17
3) Measurement
By sliding the quartz wedge along the slot,
the interference color changes consequent-
ly.
The wedge sliding is to be stopped when
the specimen part for measurement comes
under the dark stripe, then compare the
interference color of the view field beyond
the specimen but under the same dark
stripe with the Interference Color Chart to
assume the amount of retardation.
If the view field is entirely filled with the
specimen around the part to be measured,
restrict the illumination of the view field
except around the part for measurement
by means of the field diaphragm; remove
the specimen away the optical path and
then compare the interference color with
the chart.

1;3. 'Monocular£yepiece Tube 66Ap6I
\Pin hole swing-in/out knob
\ ~Monocular eyepiece
'--" tube "AP"
Bertrand lens I~
in/out turret
Bertrand lens~
focus turret I
Fig. 25
1) Bertrand lens
The Bertrand lens is brought in and out of
the optical path by turning the Bertrand
lens tu rret.
The lens is in the optical path when the
indication on the turret is B.
The Bertrand lens can be focused by turn-
ing the focus turret located under the
Bertrand lens turret.
2) Pin-hole knob
The pin hole can be put in or out of the
optical path by operating the pin hole
knob located right-hand side of the eye-
piece sleeve.
By means of the pin hole, the conoscopic
image covering the area of 10J.1m¢ on the
specimen surface (when a 100 xobjective
is used) can be observed.
4. Epi-iliuminator 81M"
Used for episcopic polarizing microscopy,
mounted between the Y-POL stand and the
intermed iate tube "P".
1) Nomenclature and assembly
• Referring to Fig, 26, assemble in the order
given.
CD Remove the eyepiece tube and the inter-
mediate tube "P" from the Y -POL stand.
@Mount the epi-illuminator "M" on the
microscope arm, positioning the illumina-
tor nearly parallel to the arm. Clamp the
screw.
®After releasing sufficiently the clamp
screw on the lamp housing, to which the
lamp bulb (6V-20W Halogen lamp) and
socket is attached, insert the lamp housing
into the epi-illuminator "M" and clamp the
screw.
@) Connect the lamp cord to the transformer.
®Place the epi-polarizer into the slot, facing
the white index dot toward the mirror.
[Note] Insertion arid removal of the epi-
polarizer should be made with a
half-reflecting mirror brought out
of the optical path.
®Place the filters.
(j) Mount the intermediate tube "P" on the
illuminator "M", positioning the tube with
its "Nikon" plate faced to the operator,
regardless of the groove of the intermediate
tube "P" mount. Fasten the tube tentative-
Transformer
'4'
=- •
~- Lamp vertical
centering ring
Lamp housing clamp screw
,-Socket sleeveclamp screw
--Lamp lateral centering screw
~l
'-----Lamp housing
"---Epi-illuminator "M"
'-Half-reflecting mirror
swing-in/out knob
"--"~Slot for epi-polarizer
"'-",-
L filter--
Intermediate tube Il~
clamp screw - I ~
-, l(V
White index dot --
Epi-polarizer ------
NeB 10 filter
Intermed iate
tube "P"
Microscope arm
ND16 or GIF filter--
Fig. 26
18

Iy using the clamp screw on the illuminator
"M".
Secure clamping of the tube is to be done
after completing the orientation of analyz-
er 2)-(2).
]:: Referring to P. 7, mount the eyepiece tube
on the intermediate tube "P".
2) Preparation
(1) Centering the lamp
CD Turn the half-reflecting mirror swing-out
knob counterclockwise to set the mirror
in the optical path.
@Remove the L filter.
®Place the ND filter on the stage and focus
on it using objective 1Ox.
@) Remove the eyepiece from the sleeve,
looking into the exit pupil of objective,
move the lamp housing back and forth to
form a sharp image of the lamp filament
on the diffuser of exit pupil.
®Manipulate the lamp centering screws to
center the filament image on the exit pupil.
®Place the L filter.
If the image is found too dark with an
objective of 40X or higher, remove the L
filter.
(2) Orientation of analyzer (intermediate tube
liP")
CD Nearly focus on the ND filter on the stage
using objective 40x.
@Set the analyzer graduation to "0".
®Slightly release the intermediate tube
clamp screw on the epi-illuminator "M",
detect the orientation of the intermediate
tube "P" to form the dark cross image on
the exit pupil of objective (Refer to Fig.
13), and in th is position clamp the inter-
mediate tube "P".
3) Objectives
Use the objectives CF M Plan Achromat P
series (Strain-free, 210/45).
4) For manipulation and microscopy, refer to
diascopic polarizing microscopy.
19
5. Attachable Mechanical, Stage: Type"
'.IE" is "
To attach the attachable stage on the graduated
stage, fit the tWo positioning pins on the rear
side of the attachable stage into the two pin
holes on the graduated stage surface, and clamp
the screw using a driver or a coin.
Attachable mechanical stage is equipped with
point counters, which are 0.2mm or 0.3mm in
pitch. These counters can be replaced by releas-
ing the head of the point counters by means of
a coin and removing the milled part of the
counters.
To make the click of the point counter free,
releasethe click spring nut. (Fig. 27)
~~~~\~r 7!~.ff~~'-Clampscrew
spring - I I ' .
nut Ii 1"-'---- Positioning pms
Attachable I I
meChanica~1 .11 .•• II
stagetype E~-="":~="'=~~.~1":==J,r=~"'~=~
,~---- -'
---~ -}
~
Fig. 27

vu. TROUBLE SHOOTING TABLE
Although nowhere the user can find any disorder or derangement in the instrument, if he
encounters some difficulty or dissatisfaction, recheck the use, referring to the table below:
1. Optical
Failures Causes
)
Actions
Darkness at the
• Optical path in trinocular tube
lChanging-over to the limit
periphery or not fully changed-over (Refer to P. 8)
uneven bright- • Centering nosepiece not in click-lRevolve it to click-stop position
nessof view- stop position (Objective not
field centered in optical path)
(No appearance • Condenser not centered ) Centering by using field
of viewfield) diaphragm (Refer to P. 9) • Field diaphragm too much closed lOpen it properly
• Dirt or dust on the lens ) Cleaning
(Condenser, objective, eyepiece, slide) • Improper useof condenser ) Correct use (Refer to P. 10)
• Bertrand lens in the optical path ) Flip out (Refer to P. 12 & 18) • Pin hole in the optical path lSwing out (Refer to P. 18)
(in monocular eyepiece tube "AP") • Top lens of condenser incorrectly lSwing in to the limit positioned • 1/4 A. & tint plate, compensator lCorrect setting
or quartz wedge incorrectly positioned
Dirt or dust in
• Dirt or dust on the lens lCleaning
the viewfield (Condenser, objective, eyepiece,
field lens)
• Dirt or dust on the slide lCleaning
• Too low position of condenser Correct positioning
(Refer to P. 9)
No good image
• No coverglass attached to slide
lCorrect use (Refer to P. 12)
obtained (low or NCG objective used with coverglass
resolution or • Too thick or thin coverglass) Use specified thickness (0.17mm)
contrast) coverglass (Refer to P. 12)
• Immersion oil soils the top of dry ) Cleaning system objective (especially 40X) • Dirt or dust on the lens (condenser, lCleaning
objective, eyepiece, slide) • No immersion oil used on immersion------- Use immersion oil
system objective (Refer to P. 12)
• Air bubbles in immersion oil
lRemove bubbles
• Not specified immersion oil used
lUse Nikon immersion oil
• Condenser aperture or field lOpen properly (Refer to P. 11)
diaphragm too much opened • Dirt or dust on the entrance lens lCleaning
20