LI-COR Li-189 User manual

LI-189
Quantum/Radiometer/Photometer
Operating Manual
Publication Number 9003-61
March, 1990
LI-COR, Inc.
P.O. Box 4425/4421 Superior Street
Lincoln, Nebraska 68504
Phone: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
Toll-free 1-800-447-3576 (U.S. & Canada)

ii
How to Use this Manual
This manual contains the operation and maintenance infor-
mation for the LI-189 Quantum/Radiometer/Photometer.
Read both the general information and the operating
instructions before using the LI-189.
Information on type 'SA' sensors used with the LI-189 can
be found in the LI-COR Radiation Sensors instruction
manual for type SA sensors.
NOTICE
The information contained in this document is subject to change
without notice.
LI-COR MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH
REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MER-
CHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. LI-COR shall not be liable for errors contained herein
or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the
furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
This document contains proprietary information which is protected
by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document
may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language
without prior written consent of LI-COR, inc.
Copyright 1990, LI-COR, inc.
1st Printing - March, 1990
2nd Printing - May, 1995

iii
Table of Contents
Section 1. General Information page
1.1 Instrument Function ........................................ 4
1.2 Sensors ............................................................ 4
1.3 Accessories ..................................................... 5
Section 2. Operation
2.1 Using the Keypad ........................................... 7
2.2 Sensor Calibration........................................... 9
2.3 Configuring the LI-189 ................................... 12
2.4 Converting Units ............................................. 14
2.5 Changing Default Power-Up Units ................. 15
2.6 Power Requirements ....................................... 18
APPENDIX A. Specifications
APPENDIX B. Conversion Table

4
1General Information
1.1 Instrument Function
The LI-189 is compatible with all LI-COR type 'SA' radia-
tion sensors. With these sensors the LI-189 can make in-
stantaneous measurements of Photosynthetically Active
Radiation (PAR) in air or water, illuminance in units of lux
or footcandles, and solar irradiance (W m-2).
1.2 Sensors
The LI-189 is compatible with all LI-COR type 'SA' radia-
tion sensors, which utilize a BNC connector.
LI-COR type 'SB' radiation sensors are also compatible if
the Calconnector (Calibration connector) is detached from
the BNC connector.
LI-COR type 'SZ' radiation sensors are not compatible with
the LI-189; they may, however, be fitted with a BNC con-
nector. Contact LI-COR for further information.
Recalibration of all LI-COR radiation sensors is rec-
ommended every two years.

General Information
5
Complete information concerning the sensors that can be
used with the LI-189 is found in the type 'SA' LI-COR
Radiation Sensors instruction manuals. In addition, several
technical reports on LI-COR sensors are available. These
include a report entitled "Radiation Measurements", which
summarizes the types of measurements that can be made
with each LI-COR sensor and contains conversion factors
for commonly used measurement units. A report concern-
ing the immersion effect and cosine collecting properties of
underwater sensors is also available (Roemer, Hoagland
report).
1.3 Accessories
The following accessories are available for the LI-189.
Contact LI-COR for current information.
189-01 Carrying Case: A soft-sided case for the LI-189
and terrestrial type radiation sensors. Size: 20.3 L x 10.2
W x 9 cm D (8" x 4" x 3.5"). Weight: 98 g (0.216 lbs).
LI-COR Radiation Sensors: Type 'SA' (e.g. LI-190SA)
with BNC connectors.
LI-190SA Quantum Sensor
LI-191SA Line Quantum Sensor
LI-192SA Underwater Quantum Sensor*
LI-193SA Spherical Quantum Sensor*
LI-200SA Pyranometer Sensor
LI-210SA Photometric Sensor
* Requires 2222UWB cable.

General Information
6
2003S Mounting and Leveling Fixture: The 2003S is for
use with all LI-COR terrestrial type sensors.
2222SB Extension Cable - For use with all LI-COR ter-
restrial type sensors. Available in 15.2 m (50 ft), 30.4 m
(100 ft), or custom lengths to 304 m (1000 ft).
216 Replacement Battery - 9 Volt transistor type. The
LI-189 requires one for replacement.
189-01 Carrying Case

7
2Operation
2.1 Using the Keypad
The LI-189 utilizes a 5-key keypad (below), which
functions as follows:
HOLD
Model LI-189
Quantum/Radiometer/Photometer
ON
OFF MULT UNITS
CALIBRATE
ON
Power ON.

General Information
8
OFF
Power OFF. The LI-189 must be turned off
manually. There is no time-delayed auto-
matic shut-off on the LI-189.
HOLD
Retains the current reading on the display
until the HOLD key is pressed again.
MULT
Used to enter the sensor calibration multi-
plier. When MULT is pressed, the prompt
CAL is displayed to indicate that the LI-189
is in calibration mode rather than measure-
ment mode.
UNITS
Press this key in calibration mode (while
CAL is displayed) to change the Units
Label on the display to match the calibrated
units of the sensor.

Sensor Calibration
9
2.2 Sensor Calibration
All LI-COR radiation sensors produce a current that is pro-
portional to the radiation intensity. During the factory cali-
bration, the sensor output (in microamps) is measured while
the sensor is exposed to a standard lamp of known
intensity. The sensor output at this intensity has the general
units of microamps per radiation unit and is called the
Calibration Constant (Calconstant). Each sensor has a
slightly different output for a given radiation intensity and
will therefore have a unique Calconstant.
The LI-189 measures the current output of the sensor, and
converts the measured current to units of radiation. In
order to make this conversion, the LI-189 uses the sensor
Calibration Multiplier. The Calibration Multiplier is the
negative reciprocal of the Calconstant.
Multiplier Calcons t =−1
tan
The Calibration Multiplier is always a negative number be-
cause the shield (ground) in the coaxial cable is positive
instead of negative.
Since the Calibration Multiplier is unique for each sensor, it
must be entered into the LI-189 each time the sensor is
changed or recalibrated (see Section 2.3).
NOTE: When using the LI-189, always enter the
Calibration Multiplier, not the Calconstant. If the
Calconstant is entered any data collected will be erroneous.

Sensor Calibration
10
For type 'SA' sensors purchased after September, 1985, the
calibration multiplier is given on the certificate of calibra-
tion, and is also attached to the sensor. The calibration la-
bel attached to a quantum sensor appears as follows, and
contains the value of the multiplier, as well as the serial
number of the sensor, and the date of its most recent cali-
bration.
MULT:
tcoff: 0.0036
Units: µmol s-1 m-2 per µA
SERIAL NO.
CAL DATE: DD/MM/YR ®
For the LI-192SA and LI-193SA Underwater Quantum
Sensors there are two calibration multipliers; one for "in
air" operation and one for "in water" operation. Use the
multiplier that is appropriate for your application.
If the calibration constant for your sensor has been lost or
misplaced, it can be obtained from LI-COR by providing
the serial number of the sensor.

Sensor Calibration
11
Converting Calconstants to Multipliers
For LI-COR sensors that are not type 'SA' (i.e, type 'SB',
etc.), the calibration multiplier must be calculated from the
calibration constant given on the certificate of calibration.
EXAMPLE: Calculate the multiplier for a LI-190SB
Quantum sensor with a calibration constant of 8.0
µAmps/1000 µmol s-1 m-2.
Multiplier =
−
( )
µ
( )
µ
1 1000
8
s m
Amps
-1 -2
mol
=−µ
µ
125 0
1
. mol s m
Amp
-1 -2
EXAMPLE: Convert a calibration multiplier of 3.6
Klux/mAmp to footcandles (see Appendix B for conversion
factors).
Multiplier (fc) = 3.6 Klux
Amp
lux
1 Klux
fc
1 luxµ××
1000 0 0929.
=µ
334 44. fc
Amp

Configuration
12
2.3 Configuring the LI-189
IMPORTANT: After changing sensors, the LI-189
must be configured to the new sensor.
Follow these steps to enter the Calibration Multiplier for a
sensor:
1. Press the MULT key. The CAL prompt is displayed.
2. Press the UNITS key until the Units Label on the display
matches the sensor type. Readings will be incorrect if
the Units Label does not match the sensor type. No
units conversions are performed (see Section 2.4
below).
Sensor Type Units Label Readout Units
Quantum
Pyranometer
Photometric
Photometric
µmol
W m-2
lux or Klux
fc
µmol s-1 m-2
Watts m-2
lux or Kilolux
footcandles
3. Turn the small calibration screw on the top end of the
LI-189 (Figure 2-1) until the display reads the value of
the calibration multiplier. Press the MULT key again,
and the LI-189 is calibrated for the attached sensor.

Configuration
13
It may be difficult to match the last digit of the multiplier
on the display, so just get as close as possible. Errors will
be very small if the last digit is off by one. For example, if
the sensor multiplier is -100.0 mmol s-1 m-2
/mA, and the
entered value is -100.1, the resulting error will be 0.1%.
LI-189
(Top)
Calibration Screw BNC Connection
Figure 2-1. Location of calibration screw for setting calibration
multiplier.
NOTE: If a single LI-COR radiation sensor is purchased
with the LI-189, the calibration multiplier will be entered at
the factory, allowing for immediate use of the sensor. If
more than one sensor is purchased, verify that the multiplier
entered into the LI-189 matches the multiplier of the sensor
you intend to use.

Configuration
14
2.4 Converting Units
The LI-189 with an attached Photometric sensor can
display in units of lux (Klux) or footcandles. However, no
units conversions are performed. The Calibration
Multiplier must be entered in the same units as those you
wish to display. To convert lux to footcandles, or vice
versa, use the following conversion factors:
1 lux = 0.0929 fc, or
1 fc = 10.764 lux
= 0.0107 Klux
Example: Assume that the sensor multiplier is 3.6 Klux.
To convert this multiplier to footcandles:
Multiplier(fc) 3.6 Klux
Amp
lux
1 Klux
fc
1 lux
=µ××
1000 0 0929.
=µ
334 44. fc
Amp

Configuration
15
2.5 Changing Default Power-Up Units
The units label displayed when the LI-189 is powered ON
is determined by two jumpers inside the LI-189. The
default Units Label corresponds to the sensor whose multi-
plier was originally entered at the factory (µmol s-1
m-2 if no sensor was purchased). To change the default
power-up units, follow these steps:
1. Remove the 4 screws from the corners of the LI-189
back panel.
2. Locate the two units jumpers on the circuit board (see
Figure 2-2).
3. Carefully remove one or both of these jumpers by
pulling straight up with a small pair of pliers. Be careful
not to bend or break the jumper pins.
4. Re-insert the jumper(s) as shown in Figure 2-3 to corre-
spond to the Units Label desired.
5. Replace the back panel, being careful not to pinch any
of the wires between the two halves of the case.
6. Replace the screws. Don't overtighten the screws, as the
threads in the plastic case may be damaged.

Configuration
16
Figure 2-2. Location of jumpers for changing default power-up
units.

Configuration
17
4
P1
1
4
5
6
3
2
1
4
P1
1
4
5
6
3
2
1
4
P1
1
4
5
6
3
2
1
4
P1
1
4
5
6
3
2
1
µmol s
-1
m
-2
(Quantum) W m
-2
(Pyranometer)
footcandles (Photometric)
lux (Photometric)
Figure 2-3. Position of jumpers to change default power-up units.

Configuration
18
2.6 Power Requirements
Power is supplied by one 9 volt transistor battery.
Eveready alkaline #522 (LI-COR part #216) or equivalent
may be used. Battery life is in excess of 200 hours. A LO
BAT message is displayed when there is less than 20 hours
of battery life remaining. The battery should be replaced
immediately after the LO BAT message is displayed to en-
sure reliable operation.
The battery compartment is accessed through a slide-out
panel on the back of the instrument case.
Although typical battery life is more than 200 hours of
continuous operation, it is dependent upon the storage tem-
perature. Do not store the LI-189 at high temperatures.

A-1
Appendix A. Specifications
Current Accuracy: 25 °C: ±0.3% of reading ±1 digit on
the least significant digit displayed (all ranges).
0-55 °°
°°C: ±0.4% of reading ± 3 digits on the least significant
digit displayed (all ranges).
Range Selection: Autoranging (3 ranges).
Linearity: ±0.05%.
Operating Conditions: 0 to 55 °C, 0 to 90% RH (non-
condensing).
Storage Conditions: -55 to 60 °C, 0 to 90% RH
(non-condensing).
Display: 4 1/2 digit custom LCD display. Updated every
0.6 seconds.
Keypad: Sealed, 5-key tactile response keypad.
Battery Life: 200 hours (minimum) continuous operation.
Power Requirement: One 9V Eveready Alkaline #522 or
equivalent.
Low Battery Detection: Low battery indicator displayed
with approximately 20 hours battery life remaining.
Size: 14 L ×7.7 W ×3.8 cm D (5.5" ×3" ×1.5").
Weight: 0.26 kg (0.57 lbs).
Sensors: Any LI-COR sensor with BNC connector;
Quantum, Pyranometer, or Photometric.
Warranty: 1 year parts and labor.