Linksys HGA9N User manual

Model No.
Model No.
USER GUIDE
BUSINESS SERIES
Model No.
Model No.
High Gain (9dBi) Antenna
Model No. HGA9N
Wireless
GHz
2.4
802.11g
for N Type Connectors

High Gain 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
TableofContents
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
Chapter 2: Planning Your Wireless Antenna Coverage 3
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the High Gain Omni-Directional Antenna 7
Chapter 4: Connecting the High Gain Omni-Directional Antenna 8
Appendix A: Glossary 11
Appendix B: Specifications 17
Appendix C: Warranty Information 18
Appendix D: Regulatory Information 19
Appendix E: Contact Information 21

High Gain 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
Copyright and Trademarks
Specifications are subject to change without notice. Linksys is a registered trademark or trademark of Cisco
Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and certain other countries. Copyright © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All
rights reserved. Other brands and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
holders.
How to Use this User Guide
The user guide to the Antenna has been designed to make understanding the usage of the Antenna easier than
ever. Look for the following items when reading this User Guide:
In addition to these symbols, there are
definitions for technical terms that are presented like this:
Also, each figure (diagram, screenshot, or other image) is provided with a figure number and description, like
this:
Figure numbers and descriptions can also be found in the “List of Figures” section.
This exclamation point means there is a caution or
warning and is something that could damage your
property or the Antenna.
word: definition.
This checkmark means there is a note of interest and
is something you should pay special attention to while
using the Antenna.
This question mark provides you with a reminder about
something you might need to do while using the Antenna.
Figure 0-1: Sample Figure Description
HGA9N-UG-60821 SW
WARNING: This product contains chemicals, including lead, known
to the State of California to cause cancer, and birth defects or other
reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.

1
Chapter 1: Introduction
Welcome
High Gain 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
Chapter1:Introduction
Welcome
Thank you for choosing the High Gain Omni-Directional Antenna for N Type Connectors. This guide will help you
set up and place the Antenna and the access point properly so you can achieve optimal range. The Antenna and
the Wireless-G Exterior Access Point together provide 9dBi peak gain and should be used together.
Use the instructions in this Guide to further help you connect the 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna to the
Wireless-G Exterior Access Point and bridge your different networks. These instructions should be all you need to
get the most out of the High Gain Omni-Directional Antenna.

2
Chapter 1: Introduction
What’s in this User Guide?
High Gain 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
What’s in this User Guide?
This user guide covers the steps for setting up and using the High Gain Antenna for N Type Connectors.
• Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter describes the 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna’s applications and this User Guide.
• Chapter 2: Planning your Wireless Antenna Coverage
This chapter describes the application of the Antenna and planning its coverage and placement.
• Chapter 3: Getting to Know the High Gain 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
This chapter describes the basics and physical characteristics of the Omni-Directional Antenna.
• Chapter 4: Connecting the Wireless-G Exterior Access Point
This chapter instructs you on how to connect the Omni-Directional Antenna and access point to your network.
• Appendix A: Glossary
This appendix gives a brief glossary of terms frequently used in networking.
• Appendix B: Specifications
This appendix provides the Antenna’s technical specifications.
• Appendix C: Warranty Information
This appendix supplies the Antenna’s warranty information.
• Appendix D: Regulatory Information
This appendix supplies the Antenna’s regulatory information.
• Appendix E: Contact Information
This appendix provides contact information for a variety of Linksys resources, including Technical Support.

3
Chapter 2: Planning Your Wireless Antenna Coverage
High Gain 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
Chapter2:PlanningYourWirelessAntennaCoverage
The Antenna Pattern for Radio Waves
The above two diagrams show the antenna pattern of the 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna on the horizontal and
vertical planes. The power of the wireless signal is most strong on the horizontal plane of the Antenna. The peak
gain of this antenna is 9dBi.
For all the applications, adjust the antenna so that it points to the peer devices on the horizontal plane.
Figure 2-1: Antenna Pattern (Horizontal Plane) Figure 2-2: Antenna Pattern (Vertical Plane)

4
Chapter 2: Planning Your Wireless Antenna Coverage
High Gain 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
Optimizing Range
The power of the wireless signal is strongest on the horizontal plane of the Antenna. In the figure, note
the strongest ranges according to the positioning of the Antenna.
For best results, Linksys recommends placing the Antenna as illustrated.
Placing the Antenna
Since the Antenna is omni-directional, you have more flexibility with where you can place the access point. Keep
in mind, however, that the Antenna achieves its peak gain when your client PC (that is, a PC with a wireless
adapter) stays on the same horizontal plane as the Antenna.
Line of sight. The minimum requirement is line of sight. If you can see the receiver antenna, then this maintains
a suitable range.
Avoid obstacles. Avoid obstacles and set up the Antenna and the other antennas as high as possible. Try to avoid
trees, buildings, and other objects close to the path between two antennas, because they can reduce signal
power.
Using the Antenna
The Antenna can be used with the access point for several purposes:
Access point to client devices. You can achieve better range and transmission with the Antenna when
connecting the wireless client (a PC with any wireless adapter) to the access point.
Repeater mode. The Antenna and access point can repeat wireless signals from one access point to other
devices, such as to a client PC or to other repeaters.
Point-to-multipoint Bridging. The Omni-Directional Antenna connects to one main access point. The main
access point connects to other access points that each use a separate Directional Antenna. To achieve maximum
distance coverage, the other access points are usually located in different directions from the main access point.
NOTE: The Antenna does not provide extra value
for point-to-point bridging. You can achieve the
same antenna gain by using the internal
directional antenna from the access point.

5
Chapter 2: Planning Your Wireless Antenna Coverage
High Gain 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
How to Achieve Optimal Gain
Wireless coverage depends on several factors, including power and transmission. You can calculate exact
coverage distance by gathering the specifications of the access point and the Antenna and using the equation
below.
Using this equation is not needed in order to place the Antenna and the access point, but it may be beneficial in
optimizing use of your Antenna and access point.
In this formula, everything is in dBm or dB.
Sris the received power. Here we plug in the receiver sensitivity to calculate the maximum distance. For
example, -82dBm for 11Mbps.
Stis the transmitted power. For example, 18dBm for 11Mbps.
Gtis the transmitter antenna gain and Gris the receiver antenna gain (9dBi for this Antenna).
λis the wavelength of the signal. The product of λ and frequency equals to speed of light (c).
dis the distance.
LinkBudget is the lumpsum of additional loss (compared to free space) in the path.
SrStGtGr20 λ
4π⋅
----------log⋅20 d()log⋅LinkBudget––++ +=

6
Chapter 2: Planning Your Wireless Antenna Coverage
High Gain 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
Distance Calculations
You can use the tables below to determine how you want to place the Antenna in relation to the access point to
client device or between the two access points.
As you can see, the higher the transmit data rate, the shorter the coverage distance. Therefore, when a client
device moves further away from an access point, the data rate will fall back to a lower data rate.
*To obtain these calculations, we inserted the specifications of the access point into the formula above. We use 9dBi peak
antenna gain and assume 0dBi antenna gain at the client device. Link budget is set to 10dB to include radio wave attenuations
from different types of objects in the path (the actual value may vary).
Table 1: Coverage Distance from
Access Point to Client Devices*
Data Rate 11 Mbps 54 Mbps
Distance 0.88 km 0.12 km
Distance 0.55 mile 0.078 mile
Table 2: Coverage Distance from
Access Point to Access Point*
Data Rate 11 Mbps 54 Mbps
Distance 2.49 km 0.35 km
Distance 1.56 mile 0.22 mile

7
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the High Gain Omni-Directional Antenna
High Gain 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
Chapter3:GettingtoKnowtheHighGain
Omni-DirectionalAntenna
This chapter explains the components that come with the 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna.
The Antenna Port
The Antenna has only one port in the tip closer to the mounting bracket. For installation purposes, it is
important to note that the antenna port has a female N-type connector and should only be connected to the
male cable connector.
Antenna Cable
One six-foot low-loss antenna cable is included with this product and is used to connect the Antenna to the
access point. Note that the two connectors have different polarities and one connector is marked with white tape.
The connector with white tape connects to the access point.
The Lightning Protector (Surge Arrestor)
The Lightning protector is used to protect your 9dBi Omni-Directional Antenna when it is used in an outdoor
environment. The lightning protector screws into the end of the Antenna. Although it is not required, Linksys
recommends using the lightening protector to help prevent damage to equipment.
Mounting Kit
A kit including U-clamps, nuts, washers, and screws are provided to mount the Antenna.
Figure 3-1: Antenna Port
Figure 3-2: Antenna Cable
Figure 3-3: Lightning Protector