Lovibond Maxi Direct User manual

Photometer System
axi
GB
Instruction manual

1
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Safety precautions
CAUTION
Reagents are formulated exclusively for chemical analysis and must not be used for
any other purpose. Reagents must not get into the hands of children. Some of the
reagents contain substances which are not entirely harmless environmentally. Be
aware of the ingredients and take proper care when disposing of the test solution.
CAUTION
Please read this instruction manual before unpacking, setting up or using the
photometer. Please read the method description completely before performing
the test. Be aware of the risks of using the required reagents by reading the MSDS
(Material Safety Data Sheets). Failure could result in serious injury to the operator or
damage to the instrument.
MSDS: www.tintometer.de
CAUTION
The accuracy of the instrument is only valid if the instrument is used in an
environment with controlled electromagnetic disturbances according to DIN 61326.
Wireless devices, e.g. wireless phones, must not be used near the instrument.
Revision_2c 03/2010

2MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Table of contents
Part 1 Methods ................................................................................................... 7
1.1 Table of Methods ..................................................................................................... 8
Acid demand to pH 4.3................................................................................................... 12
Alkalinity-total (Alkalinity-m, m-Value)............................................................................. 14
Alkalinity-p (p-Value)....................................................................................................... 16
Aluminium with tablets................................................................................................... 18
Aluminium (powder pack)............................................................................................... 20
Ammonia with tablet...................................................................................................... 22
Ammonia (powder pack)................................................................................................. 24
Ammonia, low range (LR)................................................................................................ 26
Ammonia, high range (HR).............................................................................................. 28
Boron ............................................................................................................................. 30
Bromine.......................................................................................................................... 32
Chloramine (mono) and free ammonia............................................................................ 34
Chloride.......................................................................................................................... 38
Chlorine.......................................................................................................................... 40
Chlorine with tablet
differentiated determination (free, combined, total) .................................................... 42
free Chlorine............................................................................................................... 44
total Chlorine.............................................................................................................. 45
Chlorine with liquid reagent
differentiated determination (free, combined, total) .................................................... 46
free Chlorine............................................................................................................... 48
total Chlorine.............................................................................................................. 49
Chlorine (powder pack)
differentiated determination (free, combined, total) .................................................... 50
free Chlorine............................................................................................................... 52
total Chlorine.............................................................................................................. 53
Chlorine dioxide.............................................................................................................. 54
in presence of Chlorine ............................................................................................... 56
in absence of Chlorine ................................................................................................ 59
Chlorine HR (KI) .............................................................................................................. 60
COD, low range (LR) ....................................................................................................... 62
COD, middle range (MR)................................................................................................. 64
COD, high range (HR) ..................................................................................................... 66
Colour, true and apparent............................................................................................... 68
Copper with tablet.......................................................................................................... 70
differentiated determination (free, combined, total) .................................................... 71

3
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
free Copper ................................................................................................................ 72
total Copper ............................................................................................................... 73
Copper (powder pack) .................................................................................................... 74
Cyanide .......................................................................................................................... 76
Cyanuric acid.................................................................................................................. 78
DEHA T........................................................................................................................... 80
DEHA PP......................................................................................................................... 82
Fluoride .......................................................................................................................... 84
Hardness, Calcium with Calcheck tablet.......................................................................... 86
Hardness, Calcium with Calcio tablet .............................................................................. 88
Hardness, total................................................................................................................ 90
Hardness, total HR .......................................................................................................... 92
Hydrazine ....................................................................................................................... 94
Hydrazine with liquid reagent ......................................................................................... 96
Hydrazine with Vacu-vials................................................................................................ 98
Hydrogen peroxide ....................................................................................................... 100
Iodine ........................................................................................................................... 102
Iron............................................................................................................................... 104
Iron with tablet ......................................................................................................... 106
Iron (powder pack).................................................................................................... 108
Iron TPTZ (powder pack)............................................................................................ 110
Manganese with tablet ................................................................................................. 112
Manganese LR (powder pack) ....................................................................................... 114
Manganese HR (powder pack) ...................................................................................... 116
Molybdate with tablet................................................................................................... 118
Molybdate HR (powder pack)........................................................................................ 120
Nitrate .......................................................................................................................... 122
Nitrite with tablet.......................................................................................................... 124
Nitrite LR (powder pack)................................................................................................ 126
Nitrogen, total LR.......................................................................................................... 128
Nitrogen, total HR......................................................................................................... 130
Oxygen, active .............................................................................................................. 132
Oxygen, dissolved ......................................................................................................... 134
Ozone........................................................................................................................... 136
in presence of Chlorine ............................................................................................. 138
in ábsence of Chlorine .............................................................................................. 140
PHMB (Biguanide)......................................................................................................... 142
Phosphate..................................................................................................................... 144
Phosphate, ortho LR with tablet ................................................................................ 146
Phosphate, ortho HR with tablet ............................................................................... 148

4MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Phosphate, ortho (powder pack) ............................................................................... 150
Phosphate, ortho (tube test)...................................................................................... 152
Phosphate 1, ortho C................................................................................................ 154
Phosphate 2, ortho C................................................................................................ 156
Phosphate, hydrolyzable (tube test)........................................................................... 158
Phosphate, total (tube test) ....................................................................................... 160
Phosphonates ............................................................................................................... 162
pH value LR with tablet................................................................................................. 166
pH value with tablet...................................................................................................... 168
pH value with liquid reagent ......................................................................................... 170
pH value HR with tablet ................................................................................................ 172
Potassium ..................................................................................................................... 174
Silica............................................................................................................................. 176
Silica LR PP.................................................................................................................... 178
Silica HR PP................................................................................................................... 180
Sodium hypochlorite..................................................................................................... 182
Sulfate with tablet ........................................................................................................ 184
Sulfate (powder pack)................................................................................................... 186
Sulfide .......................................................................................................................... 188
Sulfite........................................................................................................................... 190
Suspended Solids.......................................................................................................... 192
Turbidity ....................................................................................................................... 194
Urea ............................................................................................................................. 196
Zinc .............................................................................................................................. 198
1.2 Important notes......................................................................................... 200
1.2.1 Correct use of reagents ................................................................................ 200
1.2.2 Cleaning of vials and accessories for analysis ................................................ 201
1.2.3 Guidelines for photometric measurements ................................................... 201
1.2.4 Sample dilution techniques........................................................................... 203
1.2.5 Correcting for volume additions ................................................................... 203
Part 2 Instrument Manual ....................................................................... 205
2.1 Operation................................................................................................... 206
2.1.2 Saving data – Important Notes ..................................................................... 206
2.1.3 Replacement of batteries.............................................................................. 206
2.1.4 Instrument (explosion drawing) .................................................................... 207

5
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
2.2 Overview of function keys ....................................................................... 209
2.2.1 Overview...................................................................................................... 209
2.2.2 Displaying time and date .............................................................................. 210
2.2.3 User countdown........................................................................................... 210
2.3 Operation mode ........................................................................................ 211
2.3.1 Automatic switch off.................................................................................... 211
2.3.2 Selecting a method ...................................................................................... 211
2.3.2.1 Method Information (F1) .............................................................................. 211
2.3.2.2 Chemical Species Information....................................................................... 212
2.3.3 Differentiation.............................................................................................. 212
2.3.4 Performing Zero ........................................................................................... 212
2.3.5 Performing Tests........................................................................................... 213
2.3.6 Ensuring reaction periods (countdown)......................................................... 213
2.3.7 Changing chemical species........................................................................... 214
2.3.8 Storing results .............................................................................................. 214
2.3.9 Printing results (Infra-Red Interface Module) (optional).................................. 215
2.3.10 Perform additional measurements ................................................................ 215
2.3.11 Selecting a new method............................................................................... 216
2.3.12 Measure absorbance .................................................................................... 216
2.4 Photometer settings: Table of Mode Functions ...................................... 217
2.4.1 blank because of technical requirements
2.4.2 Instrument basic settings 1 ........................................................................... 218
2.4.3 Printing of stored results............................................................................... 222
2.4.4 Recall / delete stored results.......................................................................... 227
2.4.5 Calibration ................................................................................................... 232
2.4.6 Lab function................................................................................................. 241
2.4.7 User operations ............................................................................................ 242
2.4.8 Special functions .......................................................................................... 252
2.4.9 Instrument basic settings 2 ........................................................................... 254
2.4.10 Instrument special functions /service............................................................. 254
2.5 Data transfer.............................................................................................. 255
2.5.1 Data Printing ................................................................................................ 255
2.5.2 Data transfer to a personal computer ........................................................... 255
2.5.3 Internet Updates .......................................................................................... 255

6MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Part 3 Enclosure.............................................................................................. 257
3.1 Unpacking.................................................................................................... 258
3.2 Delivery contents.......................................................................................... 258
3.3 blank because of technical requirements
3.4 Technical data .............................................................................................. 259
3.5 Abbreviations ............................................................................................... 260
3.6 Troubleshooting ........................................................................................... 261
3.6.1 Operating messages in the display / error display .......................................... 261
3.6.2 General ........................................................................................................ 263
3.7 Declaration of CE-Conformity....................................................................... 264

7
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
Part 1
Methods

8MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
1.1 Table of Methods
* = free, combined, total; PP = powder pack; T = tablet;
L = liquid; TT = tube test; LR = low range; MR = middle range; HR = high range;
Vacu-vial®is a registered trade mark of CHEMetrics Inc.
No. Analysis Reagent Range Displayed
as
Method
[nm]
Page
20 Acid demand
to pH 4.3 T
tablet 0.1-4 mmol/l
Acid/Indicator 1,2,5 610 12
30
Alkalinity, total T tablet 5-200 mg/l CaCO3 Acid/Indicator 1,2,5 610 14
35 Alkalinity-p T tablet 5-300 mg/l CaCO3
Acid/Indicator 1,2,5 560 16
40 Aluminium T tablet 0.01-0.3 mg/l Al Eriochrome
Cyanine R 2
530 18
50 Aluminium PP PP + liquid 0.01-0.25 mg/l Al Eriochrome
Cyanine R 2
530 20
60 Ammonia T tablet 0.02-1 mg/l N
Indophenol blue
2,3
610 22
62 Ammonia PP PP 0.01-0.8 mg/l N Salicylate 2660 24
65
Ammonia LR TT tube test 0.02-2.5 mg/l N Salicylate 2660 26
66
Ammonia HR TT tube test 1-50 mg/l N Salicylate 2660 28
85 Boron T tablet 0.1-2 mg/l B Azomethine 3430 30
80 Bromine T tablet 0.05-13 mg/l Br2DPD 5530 32
63 Chloramine,
mono PP
PP + liquid 0.04-4.50 mg/l Cl2Indophenol 660 34
90 Chloride T tablet 0.5 -25 mg/l Cl Silver nitrate/
turbidity
530 38
100 Chlorine T * tablet 0.01-6 mg/l Cl2DPD 1,2,3 530 40, 42
101 Chlorine L * liquid 0.02-4 mg/l Cl2DPD 1,2,3 530 40, 46
110 Chlorine PP * PP 0.02-2 mg/l Cl2DPD 1,2 530 40, 50
120 Chlorine
dioxide T
tablet 0.05-11 mg/l ClO2DPD, Glycine 1,2 530 54
105 Chlorine HR
(Kl) T
tablet 5-200 mg/l Cl2KI/Acid 5530 60
130 COD LR TT tube test 0 -150 mg/l O2
Dichromate/H2SO41,2 430 62
131 COD MR TT tube test 0 -1500 mg/l O2
Dichromate/H2SO41,2 610 64
132 COD HR TT tube test 0 -15 g/l O2
Dichromate/H2SO41,2 610 66
204 Colour direct
reading
0-500 mg/l Pt Pt-Co-Scale 1,2
(APHA)
430 68
150 Copper T * tablet 0.05-5 mg/l Cu Biquinoline 4560 70
153 Copper PP PP 0.05-5 mg/l Cu Bicinchoninate 560 74
157 Cyanide Powder +
liquid
0.01-0.5 mg/l CN Pyridine-
barbituric acid 1
580 76
160
Cyanuric acid T tablet 2-160 mg/l Cys Melamine 530 78
165 DEHA T tablet +
liquid
20-500 μg/l DEHA PPST 3560 80
167 DEHA PP PP + liquid 20-500 μg/l DEHA PPST 3560 82
170 Fluoride L liquid 0.05-2 mg/l F SPADNS 2580 84
190 Hardness,
Calcium T
tablet 50-900 mg/l CaCO3Murexide 4560 86

9
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
1.1 Table of Methods
* = free, combined, total; PP = powder pack; T = tablet;
L = liquid; TT = tube test; LR = low range; MR = middle range; HR = high range;
Vacu-vial®is a registered trade mark of CHEMetrics Inc.
No. Analysis Reagent Range Displayed
as
Method
[nm]
Page
191 Hardness,
Calcium 2T
tablet 0-500 mg/l CaCO3Murexide 4560 88
200
Hardness, total T tablet 2-50 mg/l CaCO3Metallphthalein 3560 90
201 Hardness, total
HR T
tablet 20-500 mg/l CaCO3Metallphthalein 3560 92
205 Hydrazine P powder 0.05-0.5 mg/l N2H44-(Dimethyl-
amino)-
benzaldehyde 3
430 94
206 Hydrazine L liquid 0.005-0.6 mg/l N2H44-(Dimethyl-
amino)-
benzaldehyde 3
430 96
207 Hydrazine C Vacu-vial 0.01-0.7 mg/l N2H4PDMAB 430 98
210 Hydrogen
peroxide
tablet 0.03-3 mg/l H2O2DPD/catalyst 5530 100
215 Iodine T tablet 0.05-3.6 mg/l I DPD 5530 102
220 Iron T tablet 0.02-1 mg/l Fe PPST 3560 104,106
222 Iron PP PP 0.02-3 mg/l Fe 1,10-Phenan-
troline 3
530 104,108
223 Iron (TPTZ) PP PP 0.02-1.8 mg/l Fe TPTZ 580 104,110
240 Manganese T tablet 0.2-4 mg/l Mn Formaldoxime 530 112
242 Manganese
LR PP
PP + liquid 0.01-0.7 mg/l Mn PAN 560 114
243 Manganese
HR PP
PP + liquid 0,1-18 mg/l Mn Periodate
oxidation 2
530 116
250 Molybdate T tablet 1-50 mg/l MoO4Thioglycolate 4430 118
252 Molybdate
HR PP
PP 0.5-66 mg/l MoO4Mercaptoacetic
acid
430 120
265 Nitrate TT tube test 1-30 mg/l N
Chromotropic acid 430 122
270 Nitrite T tablet 0.01-0.5 mg/l N N-(1-Naphthyl)-
ethylendiamine 2,3
560 124
272 Nitrite LR PP PP 0.01-0.3 mg/l N Diazotization 530 126
280 Nitrogen,
total
LR TT
tube test 0.5-25 mg/l N Persulfate
digestion method
430 128
281 Nitrogen,
total
HR TT
tube test 5-150 mg/l N Persulfate
digestion method
430 130
290
Oxygen, active T tablet 0.1-10 mg/l O2DPD 530 132
292 Oxygen,
dissolved
Vacu-vial 10-800 μg/l O2Rhodazine DTM 530 134
300
Ozone (DPD) T tablet 0.02-2 mg/l O3DPD/Glycine 5530 136
70 PHMB T tablet 2-60 mg/l PHMB Buffer/Indicator 560 142
320 Phosphate, T
ortho LR
tablet 0.05-4 mg/l PO4Ammonium-
molybdate
2,3
660 144,
146

10 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
1.1 Table of Methods
* = free, combined, total; PP = powder pack; T = tablet;
L = liquid; TT = tube test; LR = low range; MR = middle range; HR = high range;
Vacu-vial®is a registered trade mark of CHEMetrics Inc.
No. Analysis Reagent Range Displayed
as
Method
[nm]
Page
321 Phosphate,
ortho HR T
tablet 1-80 mg/l PO4Vanando
-
molybdate
2
430 144,
148
323 Phosphate, PP
ortho
PP 0.06-2.5 mg/l PO4
Ascorbic acid
2
660 144,
150
324 Phosphate,
ortho TT
tube test 0.06-5 mg/l PO4 Ascorbic acid
2
660 144,
152
327 Phosphate 1 C,
ortho
Vacu-vial 5-40 mg/l PO4Vanado-
molybdate2
430 144,
154
328 Phosphate 2 C,
ortho
Vacu-vial 0.05-5 mg/l PO4Stannous
chloride2
660 144,
156
325 Phosphate,
hydr. TT
tube test 0.02-1.6 mg/l P
Acid digestion,
Ascorbic acid
2
660 144,
158
326 Phosphate,
total TT
tube test 0.02-1.1 mg/l P
Acid persulf digestion,
Ascorbic acid
2
660 144,
160
316
Phosphonate PP PP 0-125 mg/l Persulfate
UV-Oxidation
660 162
329 pH-Value LR T tablet 5.2-6.8 — Bromocresolpurple 5 560 166
330 pH-Value T tablet 6.5-8.4 — Phenolred5560 168
331 pH-Value L liquid 6.5-8.4 — Phenolred5560 170
332
pH-Value HR T tablet 8.0-9.6 — Thymolblue 5560 172
340 Potassium T tablet 0.7-12 mg/l K
Tetraphenylborate-
Turbidity 4
430 174
350 Silica T tablet 0.05-4 mg/l SiO2
Silicomolybdate
2,3
660 176
351 Silica LR PP PP 0.1-1.6 mg/l SiO2Heteropolyblue 2660 178
352 Silica HR PP PP 1-90 mg/l SiO2Silicomolybdate 2430 180
212 Sodium
hypochlorite T
tablet 0.2-16 % NaOCl Potassium
iodide5
530 182
355 Sulfate T tablet 5-100 mg/l SO4Bariumsulfate-
Turbidity
610 184
360 Sulfate PP PP 5-100 mg/l SO4Bariumsulfate-
Turbidity 2
530 186
365 Sulfide tablet 0.04-0.5 mg/l S DPD/Catalyst 3,4 660 188
370 Sulfite T tablet 0.1-5 mg/l SO3DTNB 430 190
384 Suspended
Solids
direct
reading
0-750 mg/l TSS photometric 660 192
386 Turbidity direct
reading
0-1000 FAU
Attenuated
Radiation Method
530 194
390 Urea T tablet +
liquid
0.1-2.5 mg/l Urea Indophenol/
Urease
610 196
400 Zinc T tablet 0.02 -1 mg/l Zn Zincon 3610 198

11
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
The precision of Lovibond®Reagent Systems (tablets, powder packs and tube tests) is identical
to the precision specified in standards literature such as American Standards (AWWA), ISO
etc.
Most of the data referred to in these standard methods relates to Standard Solutions.
Therefore they are not readily applicable to drinking-, boiler- or waste-water, since
various interferences can have a major influence on the accuracy of the method.
For this reason we don’t state such potentially misleading data.
Due to the fact that each sample is different, the only way to check the tolerances (‘precision’)
is the Standard Additions Method.
According to this method, first the original sample is tested. Then further samples (2 to 4) are
taken and small amounts of a Standard Solution are added, and further results are obtained.
The amounts added range from approximately half, up to double the amount present in the
sample itself.
These supplementary results make it possible to estimate the actual concentration of the
original sample by comparison.
Literature
The reagent formulations are based on internationally recognised test methods. Some are
described in national and/or international guidelines.
Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung1.
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater; 18th Edition, 19922.
Photometrische Analysenverfahren, Schwedt,3.
Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart 1989
Photometrische Analyse, Lange / Vejdelek, Verlag Chemie 19804.
Colorimetric Chemical Analytical Methods, 9th Edition, London5.
Notes for searching:
Active Oxygen -> Oxygen, activ
Alkalinity-m -> Alkalinity, total
Alkalinity, total -> Alkalinity, total
Biguanide -> PHMB
Monochloramine -> Chloramine, mono
Calcium Hardness -> Hardness, Calcium
Total Hardness -> Hardness, total
m-Value -> Alkalinity, total
p-Value -> Alkalinity-p
Silicon dioxide -> Silica
total Alkalinity -> Alkalinity, total
total Hardness -> Hardness, total
Langelier Saturation -> Mode function 70
Index (Water Balance)

12 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Acid demand to pH 4.3
with Tablet
0.1 – 4 mmol/l
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water
sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one ALKA-M-PHOTOMETER tablet straight
from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet
using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as Acid demand to
pH 4.3 in mmol/l.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
20

13
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The terms total Alkalinity, Alkalinity-m, m-Value and Acid demand to pH 4.3 are
identical.
2. For accurate results exactly 10 ml of water sample must be taken for the test.

14 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Alkalinity, total = Alkalinity-m =
m-Value
with Tablet
5 – 200 mg/l CaCO3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample,
close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one ALKA-M-PHOTOMETER tablet straight
from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet
using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as total Alkalinity.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
30

15
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The terms total Alkalinity, Alkalinity-m, m-Value and Alkalinity to pH 4.3 are identical.
2. For accurate results exactly 10 ml of water sample must be taken for the test.
3. Conversion table:
Acid demand to pH 4.3
DIN 38 409 (KS 4.3)
German
°dH*
English
°eH*
French
°fH*
1 mg/l CaCO30.02 0.056 0.07 0.1
*Carbonate hardness (reference = Hydrogencarbonate-anions)
Example:
10 mg/l CaCO3= 10 mg/l x 0.056 = 0.56 °dH
10 mg/l CaCO3= 10 mg/l x 0.02 = 0.2 mmol/l
4. CaCO3
°dH
°eH
°fH
°aH

16 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Alkalinity-p = p-value
with Tablet
5 – 300 mg/l CaCO3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water
sample,
close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one ALKA-P-PHOTOMETER tablet straight
from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet
using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure
that the marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as Alkalinity-p.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
35

17
MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
CaCO3
°dH
°eH
°fH
°aH
5. By determining Alkalinity-p and Alkalinity-m it is possible to classify the alkalinity as
Hydroxide, Carbonate and Hydrogencarbonate.
The following differentiation is only valid if:
a) no other alkalis are present and
b) Hydroxide und Hydrogen are not present in the same water sample.
If condition b) is not fulfilled please get additional information from ”Deutsche
Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung, D 8”.
Case 1: Alkalinity-p = 0
Hydrogen carbonate = m
Carbonate = 0
Hydroxide = 0
Case 2: Alkalinity-p > 0 and Alkalinity-m > 2p
Hydrogen carbonate = m – 2p
Carbonate = 2p
Hydroxide = 0
Case 3: Alkalinity-p > 0 and Alkalinity-m < 2p
Hydrogen carbonate = 0
Carbonate = 2m – 2p
Hydroxide = 2p – m
1.1 Methods
Notes
1. The terms Alkalinity-p, p-Value and Alkalinity to pH 8.2 are identical.
2. For accurate test results exactly 10 ml of water sample must be taken for the test.
3. This method was developed from a volumetric procedure for the determination of
Alkalinity-p. Due to undefined conditions, the deviations from the standardised method
may be greater.
4. Conversion table:
mg/l CaCO3°dH °fH °eH
1 mg/l CaCO3---- 0.056 0.10 0.07
1 °dH 17.8 ---- 1.78 1.25
1 °fH 10.0 0.56 ---- 0.70
1 °eH 14.3 0.80 1.43 ----

18 MaxiDirect_2c 03/2010
1.1 Methods
Aluminium
with Tablet
0.01 – 0.3 mg/l Al
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water
sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one ALUMINIUM No. 1 tablet straight from the
foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a
clean stirring rod (dissolve the tablet).
6. Add one ALUMINIUM No. 2 tablet straight from the
foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using
a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl gently several
times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts
automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Aluminium.
prepare Zero
press ZERO
Zero accepted
prepare Test
press TEST
Countdown
5:00
40