LXNAV LX90 Series User manual

LX90xx and
LX80xx
GPS-Navigation System with variometer
Version 5.00
LXNAV d.o.o. • Kidričeva 24a, 3000 Celje, Slovenia • tel [phone] fax [phone]
[email protected] • www.lxnav.com

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1Important Notices 8
1.1 Limited Warranty 8
2Basics 9
2.1 The LX9xx/LX80xx series at a glance 9
2.1.1 Display Unit Features 9
2.1.2 V9 Vario Unit Features 10
2.1.3 V8 Vario Unit Features 11
2.1.4 V80 Vario Unit Features 11
2.1.5 Interfaces 12
2.1.6 Internal Options 12
2.1.7 External Options 12
2.1.8 Simulator 13
2.1.9 Technical Data 14
2.1.9.1 LX9000 System 14
2.1.9.2 LX9050 System 14
2.1.9.3 LX9070 System 14
2.1.9.4 LX8000 14
2.1.9.5 LX8080 15
2.1.10 Weight 15
3Packing Lists 16
3.1 LX90xx with Flarm Option 16
3.2 LX90xx 16
3.3 LX90xxD 16
3.4 LX80xx with Flarm Option 16
3.5 LX80xx 16
3.6 LX80xxD 17
4System Description 18
4.1 Rotary Switches and Buttons 18
4.1.1 Landscape orientation 18
4.1.2 Portrait orientation 20
4.1.3 Buttons 20
4.1.3.1 Power Button 20
4.1.4 Rotary Switches (Knobs) 20
4.2 Switching on the Unit 21
4.3 User Input 21
4.3.1 Text Edit Control 22
4.3.2 Masked Text Edit Control 22
4.3.3 Spin Control 23
4.3.4 Selection Control 23
4.3.5 Checkbox and Checkbox List 23
4.3.6 Colour Selector 23
4.3.7 Font Selector 24
4.3.8 Line pattern Selector 24
4.3.9 Pull down menu 25
4.4 Switching off 25
5Operating Modes 27
5.1 Setup Mode 29
5.1.1 QNH and RES 29
5.1.1.1 QNH* 29
5.1.1.2 Safety Altitude 30
5.1.1.3 Altitude source 30
5.1.1.4 Magnetic Variation 30

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5.1.1.5 ETA/ETE Calculation 30
5.1.1.6 Soaring Start* 30
5.1.2 Flight Recorder 31
5.1.3 Vario Parameters* 32
5.1.4 Display 33
5.1.5 Files and Transfers 34
5.1.5.1 Uploading User Airspace and Waypoints 34
5.1.5.2 Uploading Airspace and Airports Database 35
5.1.5.3 Managing Airspace 35
5.1.5.4 Managing Waypoints 37
5.1.5.5 Managing Airports 38
5.1.5.6 Managing Airports Using the LX Asapt editor 39
5.1.5.7 Managing Maps 40
5.1.5.8 Managing Flights 41
5.1.5.9 Flight Declaration 41
5.1.5.10 Formatting a SD Card 42
5.1.5.11 Managing PDF documents 42
5.1.6 Graphics 44
5.1.6.1 Terrain and Map 45
5.1.6.2 Airspace 46
5.1.6.3 Waypoints and Airports 47
5.1.6.4 Glider and Track 48
5.1.6.5 Thermal mode 50
5.1.6.6 Optimization 50
5.1.6.7 Task 51
5.1.6.8 Flarm 52
5.1.6.9 Statistics 53
5.1.7 Sounds* 54
5.1.7.1 Audio Settings* 55
5.1.7.2 Voice* 56
5.1.7.3 Alarms* 56
5.1.8 Observation Zones 58
5.1.9 Optimization 60
5.1.10 Warnings 60
5.1.10.1 Airspace Warnings 61
5.1.10.2 Altitude Warning 62
5.1.10.3 Flarm Warnings 63
5.1.10.4 Time Alarm 64
5.1.11 Units 65
5.1.12 Hardware* 66
5.1.12.1 Vario unit settings –TE compensation* 66
5.1.12.2 Vario Indicator Setup* 69
5.1.12.3 Indicator I9* 69
5.1.12.4 Indicator I8/I80* 70
5.1.12.5 LCD and USB-D Vario indicator* 72
5.1.12.6 Bridge 232* 72
5.1.12.7 Flarm* 73
5.1.12.8 Compass* 74
5.1.12.9 Rear Seat or Front Seat 76
5.1.12.10 Remote stick* 77
5.1.12.11 AHRS* 78
5.1.12.12 NMEA Output 78

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5.1.12.13 Engine * 79
5.1.12.14 Network* 79
5.1.12.15 Flaps* 81
5.1.12.16 Battery Types* 81
5.1.13 Polar and Glider* 82
5.1.14 Profiles and Pilots 83
5.1.15 Language 86
5.1.16 Passwords 86
5.1.17 Admin mode 87
5.1.18 About 88
5.2 Information Mode 89
5.2.1 GPS Status Page 89
5.2.2 Position Report 90
5.2.3 Satellite Sky View 90
5.2.4 Network status 91
5.3Near Mode 91
5.4 Statistics Mode 92
5.4.1 Logbook 93
5.4.2 Statistics during flight 94
5.4.2.1 General statistics 94
5.4.2.2 Detailed task statistics 95
5.4.2.3 OLC statistics 95
5.5 Airport Mode 96
5.5.1 Initial Navigation Page 96
5.5.1.1 Final Glide Symbol 97
5.5.1.2 Thermal Assistant 97
5.5.2 Second Navigation Page 98
5.5.3 Third Navigation Page 98
5.5.4 Fourth Navigation Page 99
5.5.5 Fifth Navigation Page 99
5.5.6 Button Actions 100
5.5.6.1 Select an Airport 102
5.5.6.2 MacCready, Ballast and Bugs Settings 105
5.5.6.3 Map Settings 105
5.5.6.4 Wind 107
5.5.6.5 Airspace 108
5.5.6.6 Mark 108
5.5.6.7 Xpdr 109
5.5.6.8 Radio 110
5.5.6.9 Team 110
5.5.6.10 Flarm 111
5.5.6.11 Pan 112
5.5.6.12 Rotate FAI Area 113
5.5.6.13 Layout 113
5.6 Waypoint Mode 114
5.6.1 Editing Waypoints 115
5.6.2 New Waypoint 116
5.7 Task Mode 117
5.7.1 Task Edit 119
5.7.2 Task Creation 120
5.7.2.1 Map mode 122
5.7.3 Multiple start points 123

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5.7.4 Modifying Zones 123
5.7.5 Task Options 124
5.7.5.1 Gate Time 125
5.7.5.2 Below Altitude Start Procedure 125
5.7.5.3 Maximum Start Speed and/or Maximum Start Altitude 126
5.7.6 Saving a Task 127
5.7.7 Loading a Task 127
5.7.8 Moving a Task Point 128
6Navigational page layout 129
6.1 Edit page layout 129
6.2 Creating new symbol 130
6.2.1 Navboxes 131
6.2.2 Aircraft symbol 133
6.2.3 Final glide symbol 133
6.2.4 Zoom 133
6.2.5 Wind Arrow 133
6.2.6 Artificial Horizon 134
6.2.7 Altitude Tape 134
6.2.8 Airspeed Tape 134
6.2.9 Flap tape®135
6.2.10 Flarm radar 135
6.2.11 Side view 135
6.2.12 History 136
6.2.13 GPS indicator 136
6.2.14 Battery indicator 136
6.2.15 Wi-Fi indicator 136
6.2.16 Magnetic roses 136
6.2.17 Vario Indicator 136
6.2.18 G-meter 137
6.2.19 Wind profile 137
6.3 Navigational page settings 137
7Thermal mode 139
8Flying with the System 140
8.1 On the Ground 140
8.1.1 Power on Procedure 140
8.1.2 Profile Selection 140
8.1.3 Set Elevation and QNH 141
8.1.4 Preflight Check 141
8.1.5 Preparing a Task 142
8.1.5.1 Assigned Area Tasks (AAT) 142
8.2 Flying a Task 144
8.2.1 Starting a Task 144
8.2.2 Restarting Task 146
8.2.3 Over Turn Point 146
8.2.4 Entering Assigned Area 147
8.2.5 Moving Point Inside Assigned Area 147
8.2.6 Task Finish 148
8.3 Procedure after Landing 149
9Firmware Update 150
9.1 Updating main display firmware 150
9.2 Updating vario unit or Vario indicator 151
10 IGC Barograph Recalibration Procedure 152

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11 Options 153
11.1 Flarm 153
11.1.1 Installation 153
11.1.2 Flarm Update Procedure 154
11.1.3 Uploading Obstacles 154
11.1.4 Flarm update procedure with FLARMtool from PC 155
11.1.5 Uploading obstacles with FlarmTool from PC 156
11.1.6 Uploading FlarmNet Files 157
11.2 External Flarm or Power Flarm 157
11.2.1 Installation 158
11.3 Rear Seat Device 158
11.3.1 Data Exchange 158
11.4 Remote Control 160
11.4.1 Functions 161
11.4.2 Installation 161
11.5 Compass 162
11.6 Flap sensor®163
11.7 Secondary Vario Indicators 163
12 Revision History 164

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1Important Notices
The system is designed for VFR use only as an aid to prudent navigation. All information is
presented for reference only. Terrain, airports and airspace data are provided only as an aid
to situation awareness.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. LXNAV reserves the right
to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content of this material
without obligation to notify any person or organisation of such changes or improvements.
A Yellow triangle is shown for parts of the manual which should be read very
carefully and are important for operating the system.
Notes with a red triangle describe procedures which are critical and may result in
loss of data or any other critical situation.
A bulb icon is shown when a useful hint is provided to the reader.
1.1 Limited Warranty
This product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for two years
from the date of purchase. Within this period, LXNAV will, at its sole option, repair or
replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made
at no charge to the customer for parts and labour, provided that the customer shall be
responsible for any transportation cost. This warranty does not cover failures due to abuse,
misuse, accident, or unauthorised alterations or repairs.
THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF
ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY
LIABILITY ARISING UNDER ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU
SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.
IN NO EVENT SHALL LXNAV BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE, OR
INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. Some states do
not allow the exclusion of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations may
not apply to you. LXNAV retains the exclusive right to repair or replace the unit or software,
or to offer a full refund of the purchase price, at its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL
BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY.
To obtain warranty service, contact your local LXNAV dealer or contact LXNAV directly.
June 2015 © 2015 LXNAV. All rights reserved.

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2Basics
2.1 The LX9xx/LX80xx series at a glance
The system consists of two units; the main display unit and the vario unit. Within the main
display unit an integral 50-channel GPS receiver and a high brightness colour display are
fitted. An integrated SD card or USB interface is used for user friendly data exchange.
Some of the models are featuring also PDA port for easy connection on external PDA device.
The main display unit is equipped with a built-in flight recorder according to the most recent
IGC specification for all flights. Optionally the FLARM collision avoidance system can be
integrated into the main display unit.
Main display unit came in different forms:
LX8080 model with 2.8” screen and 320x240 pixels resolution,
LX8000 model with 3.5” screen and 320x240 pixels resolution,
LX9050 model with 5.0” screen and 800x480 pixels resolution,
LX9000 model with 5.6” screen and 640x480 pixels resolution
and
LX9070 model with 7.0” screen and 800x480 pixels resolution.
Standard part of system is also the V9 vario unit. It is a most modern variometer running
on very powerful processor with inertial platform using 3 axis accelerometer, 4 gyroscopes
(for inertial vario, AHRS and wind calculation), smooth audio output with audio equalizer and
integrated synthesized speech output. The unit communicates with the main display unit
over the RS485 system bus. V9 vario features 57 mm diameter (2¼") indicator with
mechanical needle and colour display for additional data.
Optional vario units are available:
V80 vario features 80 mm diameter (3”) colour screen and three additional buttons or V8
vario with 57 mm diameter (3”) colour screen and three additional buttons. Sensors in both
options are same as in V9 variometer.
Optionally additional vario indicators and a wide range of interface devices can be daisy-
chained using the RS485 bus.
2.1.1 Display Unit Features
Extremely bright colour display readable in all sunlight conditions with backlight
automatically adapted using an ambient light sensor (ALS).
Using Linux operating system (not CE Windows) ensures fast and stable operation of the
firmware.

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6 or 8 push buttons and 4 rotary switches (knobs) are used for input, which comprise
the well-known LX user interface. Optionally a remote stick is available for more
comfort.
Portrait or landscape orientation. (Portrait orientation is not available on LX80xx models)
Pre-loaded with worldwide terrain maps, airspace and airport databases.
Unlimited number of waypoints.
Unlimited number of tasks (with assigned area support).
Comprehensive flight and task statistics.
Display of nearest airports and out-landing fields.
Unlimited number of pilots/profiles.
Integrated flight recorder according to high-level IGC specification.
Real-time flight optimisation according to FAI and OLC rules.
Flights stored in IGC format are downloadable using the integrated SD Card.
Flight recorder functions include an integral pressure transducer based on 1013 mbar
level for altitude recording, engine noise level sensor, memory to store more than 1000
hours of flights and digital and mechanically security devices to ensure high level of
security.
Integrated FLARM collision avoidance system with graphic, sound and voice (optional)
presentation.
2.1.2 V9 Vario Unit Features
ARM Cortex-M4 processor running on 160MHz
Mechanical needle driven by stepper motor
QVGA (320*240pixels) sunlight readable display
Digital temperature compensated pressure sensors for altitude and airspeed
inertial platform 3 axis digital +-6g accelerometer, 3 axis gyroscopes (for inertial
vario, AHRS and wind calculation)
Smooth audio output
Audio equalizer
integrated synthesized speech output
audible thermal assistant
6 digital inputs - SC, VP + 4 custom defined
Multilanguage user interface

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2.1.3 V8 Vario Unit Features
ARM Cortex-M4 processor running on 160MHz
2.5'' QVGA sunlight readable screen with 1200nits
QVGA (320*240pixels) sunlight readable display
Digital temperature compensated pressure sensors for altitude and airspeed
inertial platform 3 axis digital +-6g accelerometer, 4 gyroscopes (for inertial vario,
AHRS and wind calculation)
Smooth audio output
Audio equalizer
integrated synthesized speech output
audible thermal assistant
External SD card for configuration, FlarmNet and firmware update
push buttons for setting adjustments
ALS (ambient light sensor)
2.1.4 V80 Vario Unit Features
Dual ARM Cortex-M4 processor
Extremely bright 3.5" (8.8 cm) colour display with 320x240 pixels is used to display
vario needle and additional information such as average, thermal vario, time, speed
etc…
No mechanical parts and fast refresh rate allows extremely fast response time of needle.
Additional Flarm radar screen and artificial horizon.
Three buttons for toggling between screen and target selection
digital temperature compensated pressure sensors for altitude and airspeed
inertial platform 3 axis digital +-6g accelerometer, 4 gyroscopes
Smooth audio output with audio equalizer and many custom audio settings
Integrated voice module
100Hz sampling rate for very fast response.
Speed to fly indication.

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TE compensation can be selected to be either pneumatic TE probe or digital
compensation.
2.1.5 Interfaces
The RS232 interface has NMEA output for external devices.
An SD Card interface.
A USB slot for data transfer using USB memory stick.
2.1.6 Internal Options
Flarm module can be built into the main display unit. All necessary connectors are
available on the rear side of the unit (Flarm external indicator, Flarm antenna), which
guaranties the same comfort as with the original Flarm devices. It is very important to point
out that the whole system uses only one GPS receiver and therefore offers a low power
solution.
Artificial horizon can be enabled on main display unit. Vario sensor box is constantly
using data from inertial platform in order to make vario signal smoother, however if pilot
would like to see artificial horizon and software option to do so must be purchased.
2.1.7 External Options
By using a RS485 bus system a wide range of optional interfaces can be easily connected to
the basic configuration with minimal installation work. The LXNAV bus system can be
extended easily by use of RS485 splitting units, which allow plug and play connection of
optional devices. The following units can be connected to the main system:
Second Seat Device (LX9000D, LX9050D LX9070D LX8000D or LX8080D):
The unit installed in the rear seat of the glider is powered and receives all necessary

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data from the main unit. The communication between both units is exclusively via the
RS485 bus system.
Remote Control: An extremely ergonomic leather-coated handle which includes 8
push buttons to operate the main display unit and also two additional buttons with open
wires. These two buttons can be used for instance as PTT for radio and SC/Vario
changeover command. A second remote control can be installed to control second seat
device or for side by side operation.
Electrical Compass Device
Secondary Vario Indicators (I8,I9 or I80 indicator)
Flap sensor
MOP box for jet engines
2.1.8 Simulator
There are two options to stay in condition and familiar with your system. LXSim is free of
charge program, which you can download from www.lxnav.com or data from the Condor PC
flight simulator (www.condorsoaring.com) can be received via the RS232 port after entering
suitable passwords (see Chapter 5.1.15).
These features are extremely useful for pilots who want to learn about the system and also
wish to refresh their knowledge after a winter break. Please note that altitude data will be
sent from the simulator which means that real final glide training will be possible.

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2.1.9 Technical Data
2.1.9.1 LX9000 System
Power input 10-16 V DC
Consumption at 12 V:
o250 mA - minimum brightness without audio and options.
o260 mA - minimum brightness without audio and with Flarm.
o470 mA - maximum brightness without audio and options.
o480 mA - maximum brightness without audio and with Flarm.
o160 mA –additional for V9 vario unit
Cut-out dimensions of the LX9000 display unit are 109 x 143 mm; outline dimensions:
113 x 145 x 38 mm exclusive connector.
57 mm (2¼") standard aircraft cut-out for the V9 vario unit; length 92 mm (exclusive
connector).
80 mm (3") standard aircraft cut-out for the V80 vario unit; length 130 mm (exclusive
connector).
2.1.9.2 LX9050 System
Power input 10-16 V DC
Consumption at 12 V:
o250 mA - minimum brightness without audio and options.
o260 mA - minimum brightness without audio and with Flarm.
o470 mA - maximum brightness without audio and options.
o480 mA - maximum brightness without audio and with Flarm.
o160 mA –additional for V9 vario unit
Cut-out dimensions of the LX9050 display unit are 134 x 79 mm; outline dimensions:
136 x 83 x 61 mm exclusive connector.
57 mm (2¼") standard aircraft cut-out for the V9 vario unit; length 92 mm (exclusive
connector).
80 mm (3") standard aircraft cut-out for the V80 vario unit; length 130 mm (exclusive
connector).

2.1.9.3 LX9070 System
Power input 10-16 V DC
Consumption at 12 V:
o250 mA - minimum brightness without audio and options.
o260 mA - minimum brightness without audio and with Flarm.
o470 mA - maximum brightness without audio and options.
o480 mA - maximum brightness without audio and with Flarm.
o160 mA –additional for V9 vario unit
Cut-out dimensions of the LX9070 display unit are 109 x 179 mm; outline dimensions:
113 x 181 x 38 mm exclusive connector.
57 mm (2¼") standard aircraft cut-out for the V9 vario unit; length 92 mm (exclusive
connector).
80 mm (3") standard aircraft cut-out for the V80 vario unit; length 130 mm (exclusive
connector).
2.1.9.4 LX8000
Power input 10-16 V DC
Consumption at 12 V:

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o290 mA - minimum brightness without audio and options.
o300 mA - minimum brightness without audio and with Flarm.
o380 mA - maximum brightness without audio and options.
o390 mA - maximum brightness without audio and with Flarm.
o160 mA –additional for V9 vario unit
Cut-out dimensions of the LX8000 digital unit are 93.5 x 81.5 mm; outline dimensions:
98 x 88 x 115 mm exclusive connector.
57 mm (2¼") standard aircraft cut-out for the V9 vario unit; length 92 mm (exclusive
connector).
80 mm (3") standard aircraft cut-out for the V80 vario unit; length 130 mm (exclusive
connector).
2.1.9.5 LX8080
Power input 10-16 V DC
Consumption at 12 V:
o160mA at 50% LCD brightness (600nits still readable under sunlight)
o260mA with integrated Flarm at 100% LCD brightness (1200nits)
o160 mA –additional for V9 vario unit
Cut-out dimension of the LX8080 digital unit is 80 mm (3") standard aircraft cut-out;
outline dimensions are 81mm x 81mm x 65mm exclusive connector.
57 mm (2¼") standard aircraft cut-out for the V9 vario unit; length 92 mm (exclusive
connector).
80 mm (3") standard aircraft cut-out for the V80 vario unit; length 130 mm (exclusive
connector).
2.1.10 Weight
LX9000 display unit: 650 g
LX9050 display unit: 515 g
LX9070 display unit: 650 g
LX8000 digital unit: 580 g
LX8080 digital unit: 400 g
V9 vario unit: 300 g

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3Packing Lists
3.1 LX90xx with Flarm Option
LX9000, LX9050 or LX9070 main display unit
V9 vario unit (optional V80 or V8)
Main power cable for main display unit
Cable for vario unit
SD card
Barogram calibration chart
GPS antenna
Flarm Antenna
Hex key “Inbus”
3.2 LX90xx
LX9000, LX9050 or LX9070 main display unit
V9 vario unit (optional V80 or V8)
Main power cable for main display unit
Cable for vario unit
SD card
Barograph calibration chart
GPS antenna
Hex key “Inbus”
3.3 LX90xxD
LX9000D or LX9050 or LX9070D
Main power cable
RS485 cable –4 meter
RS485 splitting unit
Vario indicator I9 (Optional I80 or I8)
SD card
Hex key “Inbus”
3.4 LX80xx with Flarm Option
LX8000 or LX8080 main display unit
V9 vario unit (optional V80 or V8)
Main power cable for main display unit
Cable for vario unit
SD card
Barogram calibration chart
GPS antenna
Flarm Antenna
Hex key “Inbus”
3.5 LX80xx
LX8000 or LX9080 main display unit

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V9 vario unit (optional V80 or V8)
Main power cable for main display unit
Cable for vario unit
SD card
Barograph calibration chart
GPS antenna
Hex key “Inbus”
3.6 LX80xxD
LX8000D or LX8080
Main power cable
RS485 cable –4 meter
RS485 splitting unit
Vario indicator I9 (Optional I80 or I8)
SD card
Hex key “Inbus”

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4System Description
The main display unit of LX90xx series can be mounted at portrait or landscape orientation.
Only After installing the main display unit, the orientation must be defined via the Display
menu (see Chapter 5.1.4).
The main display unit of LX80xx series can be mounted only in landscape mode.
In this manual all screenshots are given for portrait orientation of the LX9000
system, which is most commonly used. However all functionality is the same in
any other configuration of system. Small differences are going to be marked
further in manual.
4.1 Rotary Switches and Buttons
The following controls are mounted on the front face of the main display unit:
Four rotary selector knobs
Eight (lx90xx) or six (lx80xx) push-buttons
SD card reader
4.1.1 Landscape orientation
VOLUME selector
MODE selector
SD Card reader
ZOOM selector
PAGE selector
POWER button
Ambient light
sensor

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VOLUME selector
MODE selector
POWER button
ZOOM selector
PAGE selector
SD Card reader
Ambient light
sensor
VOLUME selector
MODE selector
POWER button
ZOOM selector
PAGE selector
SD Card reader
Ambient light
sensor

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4.1.2 Portrait orientation
The V9 vario unit is an indicator only and has no controls. Information displayed
is controlled by the main display unit.
The V80 vario unit is having three buttons to toggle between screens. More
information is given in chapter 5.1.12.4.
4.1.3 Buttons
All buttons have a dynamic function; the first time one presses each button, it displays its
function without executing any action. Not all buttons have a function on every page. In
some cases buttons have a long press function.
4.1.3.1 Power Button
The power button is marked with the ON/OFF symbol. It has multiple functions. Primarily it
is used to switch the system on and off.
4.1.4 Rotary Switches (Knobs)
The main display unit has four rotary knobs. Each has a single function with the exception
of the zoom knob which has, in some cases, a function other than zoom. With the upper-
left rotary knob the volume can be adjusted. The upper-right rotary switch is the mode
selector (it changes the mode of the operation). At the lower-right is the up/down knob
which is used for selecting sub-pages, sub-menus and editing menus. At the lower-left is
the zoom knob which is multifunctional. While its main function is to change the zoom level
within graphic mode, it can also be used if an error is made during editing; it is possible to
move the cursor back by rotating this knob. However this can only be done if 'editing' is
active which is shown by the cursor blinking.
VOLUME selector
MODE selector
SD Card reader
ZOOM selector
PAGE selector
POWER button
Ambient light
sensor