Newport Cornerstone 130B User manual

90088262MCS130B,RevB
s
1/8m Monochromator Family
User's Manual
Cornerstone™130B

90088262MCS130B
CORNERSTONE 130B MONOCHROMATORS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1GENERAL INFORMATION.................................................................................................. 5
1.1 SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS ................................................................................ 6
1.2 GENERALWARNINGS.......................................................................................... 7
1.3 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS ........................................................................................ 7
1.4 MECHANICAL HANDLING...................................................................................... 8
1.5 OPTICS CARE AND HANDLING.............................................................................. 8
2INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 9
2.1 OPTICAL CONFIGURATION................................................................................... 9
2.2 STRAY LIGHT REJECTION ...................................................................................10
2.3 AVAILABLE MODELS...........................................................................................10
2.4 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS......................................................................................11
3INITIAL SETUP.................................................................................................................12
3.1 WHAT’S INCLUDED..............................................................................................12
3.2 UNPACKING........................................................................................................12
3.3 CHOOSING A LOCATION......................................................................................12
3.4 MOUNTING OPTIONS..........................................................................................13
3.5 ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER CONNECTIONS.....................................................14
4SHUTTER........................................................................................................................16
5INPUT AND OUTPUTSLITS...............................................................................................17
5.1 FIXED SLITS........................................................................................................17
5.2 MICROMETER ADJUSTABLE SLITS ......................................................................18
6DIFFRACTION GRATINGS................................................................................................20
6.1 GRATING TYPES.................................................................................................21
6.2 GRATING EFFICIENCY ANDBLAZING...................................................................22
6.3 POLARIZATION EFFECTS ....................................................................................24
7MONOCHROMATOR RESOLUTION...................................................................................25
7.1 DETERMINING RESOLUTION ...............................................................................26
8GETTING LIGHT INTO A MONOCHROMATOR....................................................................28
8.1 ACCEPTANCE PYRAMID......................................................................................28
8.2 F NUMBERMATCHING.........................................................................................29
9BLOCKING HIGHERORDER RADIATION ...........................................................................30
9.1 ORDERSORTING FILTERS ..................................................................................30
10 COMMUNICATION METHODS...........................................................................................31
10.1 UTILITY SOFTWARE............................................................................................33
10.2 HAND CONTROLLER...........................................................................................34
10.3 TRACQ BASIC SOFTWARE...................................................................................35
10.4 LOW-LEVEL COMMANDS.....................................................................................35
11 GRATING INSTALLATION AND CALIBRATION....................................................................36
11.1 RECALIBRATION SERVICES.................................................................................36
11.2 SETTING THE WAVELENGTH OFFSET..................................................................36
11.3 DETERMINING THE GRATING CALIBRATION FACTOR...........................................37
11.4 ALTERNATIVE METHOD (CS130B only).................................................................37
11.5 GRATING INSTALLATION.....................................................................................38
12 TROUBLESHOOTING.......................................................................................................40
12.1 CORRUPTEDMEMORY........................................................................................40
13 SPECIFICATIONS.............................................................................................................41
14 DIMENSIONS...................................................................................................................42
15 APPENDIX I: LOW LEVEL (REMOTE) COMMANDS AND QUERIES .......................................45
15.1 OPENING RS-232 COMMUNICATION INTERFACE..................................................65
15.2 COMMANDANDQUERY SYNTAX.........................................................................65
15.3 STANDARDMODE...............................................................................................65

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15.4 HANDSHAKE MODE.............................................................................................65
15.5 CS130B COMMANDREFERENCE SUMMARY ........................................................65
15.6 DETAILED COMMANDREFERENCE......................................................................65
15.7 ERROR CODES...................................................................................................65
16 APPENDIXII: HAND CONTROLLER COMMANDS...............................................................65
16.1 ACTIVATING THE HAND CONTROLLER.................................................................65
16.2 USING THE KEYPAD............................................................................................65
16.3 KEY REFERENCE................................................................................................66
17 APPENDIXIV: GRATING PHYSICS TUTORIAL...................................................................68
17.1 THE GRATING EQUATION....................................................................................68
17.2 THE GRATING EQUATION IN PRACTICE...............................................................69
17.3 GRATING ORDER................................................................................................70
17.4 GRATING DISPERSION........................................................................................71
17.5 GRATING ILLUMINATION ANDRESOLUTION.........................................................71
18 WARRANTYANDSERVICE...............................................................................................72
18.1 CONTACTING NEWPORT CORPORATION.............................................................72
18.2 REQUEST FORASSISTANCE / SERVICE...............................................................73
18.3 REPAIRSERVICE................................................................................................73
18.4 NON-WARRANTY REPAIR....................................................................................73
18.5 WARRANTY REPAIR............................................................................................74
18.6 LOANER / DEMO MATERIAL.................................................................................75

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CORNERSTONE 130B MONOCHROMATORS
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Optical Configuration of the Cornerstone 130B................................................................. 9
Figure 2: Model Number Codes..................................................................................................10
Figure 3: Tunable Monochromatic Light Source............................................................................11
Figure 4: Monochromatorwith Lock-In Digital Amplifier..................................................................11
Figure 5: Model 74017Mounting Kit............................................................................................13
Figure 6: MonochromatorConnections........................................................................................15
Figure 7: A FixedSlit Installed into the Holder...............................................................................17
Figure 8: Available Fixed Slits Table...........................................................................................17
Figure 9: AMicrometer Adjustable Slit.........................................................................................18
Figure 10: A Fully Closed MicrometerAdjustableSlit.....................................................................18
Figure 11: Shortest MicrometerAdjustableSlit Height....................................................................19
Figure 12: Tallest MicrometerAdjustable Slit Height......................................................................19
Figure 13: Grating Installed onto Mount.......................................................................................20
Figure 14: Grating Properties Table............................................................................................21
Figure 15: Grating Efficiency Curves for CS130B Monochromator Pre-Configured Models ..................23
Figure 16: Resolution vs. Throughput..........................................................................................25
Figure 17: Some of the FixedSlit SizesAvailable..........................................................................27
Figure 18: AcceptancePyramid of Monochromator.......................................................................28
Figure 19: Grating Correctly “Filled” with Light ..............................................................................28
Figure 20: Mismatched F Numbers Resulting inStray Light............................................................29
Figure 21: F NumberMatcher Used with FiberOptic Cable............................................................29
Figure 22: Model USFW-100 FilterWheel....................................................................................31
Figure 23: Model 74010 FilterWheel...........................................................................................32
Figure 24: Mono UtilitySoftware Screens ....................................................................................33
Figure 25: Cornerstone 130B Monochromator with 74009 Hand Controller .......................................34
Figure 26: TracQ Basic Screens.................................................................................................35
Figure 27: Grating Platform without Gratings................................................................................39
Figure 28: Grating Platform with Gratings Installed........................................................................39
Figure 29: Entering Calibration Values in Utility Software ...............................................................40
Figure 30: Cornerstone 130B Dimensions....................................................................................42
Figure 31: 74001 Micrometer Adjustable Slit Dimensions ...............................................................43
Figure 32: 77294 Fixed Slit Dimensions.......................................................................................43
Figure 33: Model 74006Mounting Plate.......................................................................................44
Figure 34: 74009 Hand ControllerKeypad...................................................................................65
Figure 35: The Sawtooth Pattern ofa GratingSection....................................................................68
Figure 36: The Grating EquationSatisfied for a Parallel Beam ofMonochromatic Light.......................69
Figure 37: Polychromatic Light DiffractedFrom a Grating...............................................................69
Figure 38: Sign Convention for the Angle of Incidence,Angle ofDiffraction and GratingAngle.............70

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1 0BGENERALINFORMATION
Thank you for your purchase of this Cornerstone™130B Monochromator from Newport-Oriel
Instruments®.
Please carefully read the following important safety precautions prior to unpacking and operating this
equipment. In addition, please refer to the complete User’s Manual and all other documentationprovided
for additional important notesand cautionary statements regarding the use and operation ofthe system.
Do not attempt to operate any system without reading all the information provided with each of the
components.
Please read all instructions that were provided prior to operation of the system. If
there are any questions, please contact Newport Corp. or the representative
through whom the system was purchased.

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1.1 18BSYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS
WARNING
Situation has the potential to cause bodily harm or death.
CAUTION
Situation has the potential to cause damage to property or equipment.
ELECTRICAL SHOCK
Hazard arising from dangerous voltage. Any mishandling could result
in irreparable damage to the equipment, and personal injury or death.
EUROPEAN UNION CE MARK
The presence of the CE Mark on Newport Corporation equipment
means that it has been designed, tested and certified as complying
with all applicable European Union (CE) regulations and
recommendations.
WEEE
This symbol on the product or on its packaging indicates that this
product must not be disposed ofwith regularwaste. Instead,it is the
user’s responsibility to dispose of waste equipment according t o the
local laws. The separate collection and recycling of the waste
equipment at the time of disposal will help to conserve natural
resources and ensure that the materialsare recycled in a manner that
protects human health and the environment.
ON
The ON symbol in the above figure indicates the ON position of the
power switch.
OFF
The OFF symbol in the above figure indicates the OFF position ofthe
power switch.

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1.2 19BGENERAL WARNINGS
•Read all warnings and operating instructionsfor this systemprior to setup and use.
•Do not use this equipment in or near water.
•To prevent damage to the equipment, read the instructionsin the equipmentmanual for proper
input voltage and check the requirementon the power supply.
•This equipment is grounded through the grounding conductor ofthe power cord.
•Route power cords and other cables so they are not likely to be damaged.
•Disconnect power before cleaning the equipment
•Do not use liquid oraerosol cleaners; use onlya damp lint-free cloth.
•Lock out all electrical power sources before servicing the equipment.
•To avoid explosion, do not operate this equipment in an explosive atmosphere.
•Qualified service personnel should perform safety checks after any service.
•If this equipment is used in a manner not specified in this manual,the protection provided by this
equipment may be impaired.
•Do not position this product in such a manner thatwould make it difficultto disconnect the power
cords.
•Use only the specified replacement parts.
•Followprecautions for static sensitive devices when handling this equipment.
•This product should only be powered as described in the manual.
•Do not remove the cover for normal usage.
1.3 20BELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Make all connections to orfrom the instrumentwith the power off.
The Cornerstone B requires DC voltage for operation, which is provided by an external power
supply. This power supply has no user serviceable parts. Do not attempt to open the external
power supply. Do not attempt to work in the Cornerstone B compartment without first
disconnecting the power cord, since electrical hazards are present inside the compartment even
with the power switch in the “off” position.
The Cornerstone B monochromator contains a microprocessor and should be installed with
appropriate surge/EMI/RFI protection on the power line. A dedicated power line or line isolation
may be required for some extremely noisy sites. The electronic circuits within the monochromator
are extremely sensitive to static electricity and radiated electromagnetic fields. Operation of this
instrument close to intense pulsed sources (lasers, xenon strobes, arc lamps, etc.) may
compromise performance if shielding is inadequate, and may cause permanent damage to the
microprocessor.
Note: This instrument conforms to CEstandards for both safety and EMC. During normal use,this
equipment will not pose any electrical hazards to the user. Read all warnings before installing or
operating this system. If there are any questions or concerns, contact Oriel Instruments or the
regional sales representative for Newport.

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1.4 21BMECHANICAL HANDLING
Avoid dropping, sudden shocks, or rough handling ofthe monochromator since this maycause the
system togo out ofcalibration and maydestroy the high precision drive components or optics.
1.5 22BOPTICS CARE AND HANDLING
Do not touch any optical surfacessincethisis likely to cause irreparable damage. Always wear
powder-free gloves to cover the entire hand, not finger cots. Never touch the surface of a
diffraction grating, even when wearing gloves.
Dust or debris on the grating surface may negatively affect performance,so it should be prevented
from entering the instrument by keeping the protective grating covers in place when it is not in use.
If the gratings do require cleaning, do not attempt to clean anyoptical surface except by blowing
off dust or lint particles with a stream ofdry clean air or nitrogen. Wiping the grating surface will
cause permanent damage.
Avoid getting any moisture or condensation onto the grating. Do not breathe on or talk directly in
front of a grating, as the moisture from one’s breath should never be allowed to condens e on t he
grating surface.
This instrument comes with gratingspre-installed, aligned, and the calibration parameters set. An
experienced user may choose to install a different grating in the field, although it is strongly
encouraged to send the instrumentback to the factory instead.
If a grating is installed in the field, the grating cover must never touch the grating’s front s urface.
The specially designed grating covercontacts only the edges ofthe grating. When removing this
cover, a grating can be scratched easily, so use extreme caution when handling.
Hand tighten the grating mount screws. Do not use tools, since thismay cause damage to the
drive assembly. Never touch the surface of the grating, even while wearing gloves. Handle the
gratingassemblyonly by its mount.

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2 1BINTRODUCTION
In developing the Cornerstone 130B monochromator, Newport-Oriel Instruments leveraged their
extensive experience to design a compact, inexpensive instrument that has allthe versatility required by
researchers. The ease ofautomated controland smallsize also make this an ideal monochromator for
many OEM applications.
Each ofthese instruments includes two diffraction gratings, filter wheel control circuitry,and an integrated
electronic shutter. Communication may be established using USB, RS232, or an optional hand controller
designed specifically for use with the Cornerstone family of monochromators. In addition, this instrument
can be purged with dry nitrogen for work below the oxygen absorption cut-on at 180 nm.
The Cornerstone 130B includes a utility program designed to run on a computer using the Microsoft
Windows operating system. The simple, intuitive interface means that users can get up and running
within minutes ofopening the box. Instrument control examplesusing National Instruments LabVIEW are
provided, along with a command set and API for those wishing to develop their own programs. An
optional hand controller may be used for quick access to all common commands and queries, without
requiring a computer. This is especially beneficial in universities and secure facilities.
A wide selection of grating models is available for the Cornerstone 130B, as well as special order options.
Throughput and resolution can be adjusted by selecting the appropriate slit size. Fixed slits are available
for high accuracy and repeatability, and micrometeradjustable slits may be used for maximumflexibility.
2.1 23BOPTICAL CONFIGURATION
The optical design of the Cornerstone 130B is based on an out-of-plane version ofan Ebert-Fastie
monochromator. The input and output ports are in line with each other, simplifying system
alignment. The optical configuration is designed to ensure high resolution and maximum
throughput. This F/3.9 monochromator is optimized to provide excellent stray light rejection while
minimizing aberrations. A high precision motor is used to select the desired wavelength and switch
between diffraction gratings quickly,without sacrificing performance.
Figure 1: Optical Configuration of the Cornerstone 130B

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2.2 24BSTRAY LIGHT REJECTION
Stray light may have a variety oforigins. Its presence may be caused by a wide variety of design
and manufacturing factors. The level of stray light due to the dispersed radiation inside the
monochromator is affected by the design of the instrument, its baffles, and interior finish. The
Cornerstone 130B incorporates a sophisticated design, proven materials, and a quality
manufacturing systemto ensure high stray light rejection.
The amount ofstray light measured on top oftrue signal will depend on manyexperimentalfactors
as well as the performance of the instrument. When comparing stray light specifications, it is
important to compare values that were measured under identical circumstances. The spectral
distribution ofthe source and the response ofthe detection systemare often the dominant factors
when determining a stray light value.
2.3 25BAVAILABLE MODELS
The model number of each Cornerstone monochromator reflects its features. Refer to the part
number code to determine the features present in the instrument. Ifthe model numberdiffers from
the code, it is a Special Order configuration. In that case, refer to the Sales Order for the
instrument for more information.
Figure 2: Model Number Codes

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2.4 26BTYPICAL APPLICATIONS
The applications for the Cornerstone 130B monochromator are practically limitless. Here we
present two examples: a tunable monochromatic light source and an optically chopped light
source used with a lock-in digital amplifier to extract small signallevels from background radiation.
All components shown are available from Newport.
Figure 3: Tunable Monochromatic Light Source
Figure 4: Monochromator withLock-InDigital Amplifier
Interconnect
Cable
PowerAdapter
with Power Cord
USB Cable to
Computer
Collimating
Lens
Cornerstone
130B
Monochromator
Power Cord
Collimating
and
Focus Optics
Light Source
Motorized
Filter
Wheel
Tunable monochromatic light
source on mounting plate
Monochromatic
Light Output
Arc Lamp
Power Supply

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3 2BINITIALSETUP
3.1 27BWHAT’S INCLUDED
•Two diffraction gratings, installed and aligned
•Electronic shutterat input port
•A choice ofmicrometer adjustable slits or fixed slitholders at the inputand output ports
•Electronics interface for RS232 or USB communication
•An MPTplug to accept a hose barb to purge the instrument compartmentfor measurements
below180 nm (actual capability is grating configuration dependent)
•LabVIEW™ based utility software
•Application Programming Interface (API) for LabVIEW™with examples
•Certificate ofCalibration
•MonochromatorPowerSupply
•Line cords based on geographic location
•User’s manual
3.2 28BUNPACKING
Remove all items from the shipping containers and verify each item is accounted for. The
instrument is carefully packaged tominimize the possibility ofdamage during shipment. Inspect
the shipping box for external signs ofdamage or mishandling. Inspect the contents for damage.
If any item is missing ordamaged, immediately contact Newport or the representative from whom
the systemwas purchased.
It is suggested to save the packaging material and shipping container, in case the equipment
needs to be relocated at a future date.
WARNING
Do not attempt to operate this equipment if there is evidence of
shipping damage or there is suspicion that the equipment will not
operate correctly. Damaged equipment may present hazards.
3.3 29BCHOOSING A LOCATION
Choose an installation location where the power requirements canbe met for the monochromator,
as well as the rest ofthe optical system. Be sure power is not applied to the systemuntil the setup
has been completed and all electrical connectionsmade.
Ensure that there is easy access to the monochromator’s power switch and the electrical outlet.

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3.4 30BMOUNTING OPTIONS
The ability to mount the monochromator simplifies setup and alignment ofthe optical system. The
mounting plates or kits also help ensure consistent results over time, as the monochromator
cannot be accidentally moved out ofposition. The following options are available forsecuring the
Cornerstone 130B:
•Mounting plate
•Mounting kit to couple with Oriel’s Research Lamp Housings
•Optical rods
The 74006 Mounting Plate is used to secure a Cornerstone 130B Monochromator to an inch or
metric optical table. The plate adds 0.25 inch [6.35 mm] to the opticalheight. If the Cornerstone
130B will be used with Oriel’s research lamp housing,considerusing the 74017 mounting kit.
The 74017 Mounting Kit connects the Cornerstone 130B monochromator to an arc lamp or quartz
tungsten halogen light source. This kit is compatible with Oriel's Research Lamp Housings, which
hold 50 to 250 watt lamps. It includes a base plate, a flexible light shield, a 1.5-inch diameter
focusing lens and lens holder. All the hardware required to mount the lamp housing and
monochromator to the base plate is provided. The mounting kit's base plate comes with four
adjustable leveling feet. The feet may be removed to secure the base plate to an inch or metric
optical table.
The most economical option is to use optical rods and rod holders to mount the Cornerstone 130B
to an optical table or breadboard. On the monochromator’s mounting surface, four #1/4-20
threaded holes may be used to install standard optical rods. Care should be taken to ensure the
instrument is level and secured well enough that its location remainsconsistentover time, even if
the instrument is bumped or components coupled to the ports.
Figure 5: Model 74017 Mounting Kit

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3.5 31BELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER CONNECTIONS
Before powering up the system for the first time, it is suggested to have a qualified electrician
verify the wall socket to be used with the instrument meets the requirements for operation as
noted.
Before making any electrical connections, verify the front panel power switch is in the off position
for the monochromator.
WARNING
To avoid electric shock, connect the instrument to properly earth-
grounded, 3-prong receptacles only. Failure to observe this
precaution can result in severe injury ordeath.
The line voltage requirement is as follows:
Monochromator Power Adapter 100 to 240 VAC, 47-63 Hz
The monochromator conformsto CE standards for both safety and EMC. During normal use, this
equipment will not pose any electrical hazards to the user. Read all warnings before installing or
operating this system. If there are any questions or concerns, contact Oriel Instruments or the
regional sales representative for Newport.
ELECTRICAL SHOCK
Never attempt to open the lamp power supply or monochromator
power adapter. These items do not contain any user serviceable
parts. Failure to follow this warning can result in severe injury or
death.
The monochromator’s power adapter connects to an AC wall socket and supplies DC voltage to
the instrument. Do not open the monochromator cover and attempt to work inside without first
turning the instrument offand disconnecting the power cord from the AC mains.
The ribbon cable connecting the monochromator to the optional filter wheel is installed before
the systemshipsout. The monochromator provides power to the filterwheel and allows the user
to select which filteris placed in the optical path.
Ensure the monochromator power switch is in the off position (marked asO). Then connect the
power adapter to the monochromator, as shown. Insert the power cord provided into the power
adapter and connect to the AC mains.
Connect the USB or RS232 cable to the monochromator. Plug the other end ofthe cable into the
computer only after any software controlling the monochromator has been installed.

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Figure 6: Monochromator Connections
A USB cable (model 70044)and RS232 cable (model 70040) are included with each Cornerstone
130B.
If using a commerciallyavailable USB/GPIBor USB/RS232 convertercable,the driver for this cable
must be installed before communication to the monochromator can be established.
Follow the instructions provided in the Quick Start Guide to install the utility software onto a
computer.

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4 3BSHUTTER
An electronic shutter isintegrated into the Cornerstone B monochromator’s design. It is mounted inside
the housing at the input port. This shutter isnormally closed.
The shutteris used to close the lightpath when output light is not required. This allows the lightsource to
remain on, and therefore remain warmed up, so that it continues to provide stable performance.
Additionally,restarting a lamp results in wear of the filament (with quartz tungsten halogenlamps) orwear
of the anode/cathode (with arc lamps). Therefore, when the light is not needed during short periods,
closing the shutter is suggested.
Diffraction gratings are mounted on a precision rotation stage inside the monochromator. When the
monochromator switchesbetween diffraction gratings, the changing angle ofthe grating causes light to
be diffracted at various wavelengths. This includes white light, which is output at a higher power than
other individual wavelengths. In order to prevent saturation of a detection system, itis suggested to close
the shutter temporarily while changing gratings. It is especially important to prevent saturation and
possible damage when using a photomultiplier tube.
A scan may be completed while the shutter is closed to perform background subtraction calculations on
subsequent scanscompleted while the shutter is open.
Please note that the shutter is not designed to block high power direct light. When using a 450W or
greater light source, heat mitigation strategies should be employed. For example, Orieloffers liquid filters
toprotect theshutter, filters, and other items toprevent potential heat damage.

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5 4BINPUTAND OUTPUTSLITS
To operate any monochromator, slits are required at the input and output port. The slit assemblies
offered with the Cornerstone 130B all have 1.5-inch male flanges, allowing them to be easily connectedto
the wide variety of Oriel accessoriesand instruments.
Note: The slits need to be the same width and height at the input and output ports. A wider input slit
when compared to the output slit results in more stray lightinside the instrument. A wideroutput slit with
respect to theinput slitwill not increasethroughput.
5.1 32BFIXED SLITS
The fixed slits slide into the 77294 holders at the input and output port. The width and height
cannot be adjusted, but maybe individually replacedwith other slit sizes. Fixed slits are a low cost
alternative to micrometer adjustable slits, and provide excellent repeatability. They are a good
choice when only a few slit sizes are required.
Fixed slits are sold separately to allow customized choices based on the needs ofthe application.
When ordering, be sure to purchase two fixed slits of the same model –one for the input port, and
the otherfor the output port. Insert the slit as shown, with the label facing outward. Be sure that it
is fully inserted into the holder’s slot to ensure the best performance and repeatability.
Figure 7: A Fixed Slit Installed intothe Holder
Fixed Slit Model
Width
Height
77222
10 µm
2 mm
77221
50 µm
3 mm
77220
25 µm
3 mm
77219
50 µm
6 mm
77218
120 µm
18 mm*
77217
280 µm
18 mm*
77216
600 µm
18 mm*
77215
760 µm
18 mm*
77214
1.24mm
18 mm*
77213
1.56mm
18 mm*
77212
3.16mm
18 mm*
77211
6.32mm
18 mm*
*Actual slit height is 18 mm, usable height is 12 mm.
Figure 8: Available Fixed SlitsTable

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5.2 33BMICROMETER ADJUSTABLE SLITS
Micrometer adjustable slit assemblies are continuously variable from fully closed (4 µm) to 3 mm
width. A height adjustment slide allows variation in the height from 3 to 12 mm. Benefits of the
micrometer adjustable slits are flexibility and high throughput. This type ofslit is designed primarily
for versatility and convenience in changing resolution and throughput, which are related to the slit
width.
Figure 9: A Micrometer Adjustable Slit
The slit width setting is read on the micrometer. A set of numbers go around the turning dial.
Anotherset ofnumbers are located on the shaft. When the zeroesin both these locations line up,
the slit is fully closed. Turning the dial clockwiseadvances the dial position further down on the
shaft, closer to the body ofthe micrometer. This opens the slit.
Use a 10x multiplier to convert the micrometer reading to the actual slit opening size. For
example, turning the dial one full revolution starting from the fully closed position will give a
reading of 50 on the micrometer. Using the multiplier,thisindicates the micrometer width is set to
500 um. If unsure ofthe reading, begin at the fully closed position and add up each full revolution
made.
Figure 10: AFully ClosedMicrometer Adjustable Slit
The micrometeris used tomake the slit
narrow or wide
The slide is used to
change the slit height

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The slit height is continuously adjustable. Pull the lever out for the shortest height. Push the slide
in for the tallest height setting.
Figure 11: Shortest Micrometer Adjustable Slit Height
Figure 12: Tallest Micrometer Adjustable Slit Height

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6 5BDIFFRACTIONGRATINGS
Diffraction gratings are used to disperse light; thatis to spatially separate light ofdifferent wavelengths.
They have replaced prisms in most fields of spectral analysis. Two gratings are installed into the
Cornerstone 130B monochromator. In general, the grating with the highest efficiency is chosen at a
particular wavelength. The optional TracQ™Basic Data Acquisition and Radiometery Software allows
users to set up a specific grating switchover wavelength, so the most appropriate grating will
automatically be chosen while performing a scan overa range of wavelengths.
The Cornerstone 130B monochromators feature diffraction gratings produced by Richardson Gratings.
Both Oriel Instruments and Richardson Gratings are part of Newport, and have a long history of working
together to design monochromators that are appropriate for a wide variety ofapplications.
A tutorial on grating physics may be found in the Appendix of this user’s manual.
The photo belowillustrates a diffraction gratingmounted into a holder for installationinto the Cornerstone
130B monochromator. An unmounted grating cannot be installed by the user in the field; gratings must
be installed onto the appropriate mount for the Cornerstone 130B monochromator and aligned at the
factory.
Figure 13: Grating Installedonto Mount