RAKwireless WisLink-LoRa RAK2245 Pi HAT User manual

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User Manual for
www.RAKwireless.com
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Version V1.2 | February 2019
WisLink-LoRa Concentrator Module
Stamp Edition
RAK2245

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Table of Contents
1 Overview..................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Main Features.................................................................................................................................... 4
2 LoRa Concentrator RAK2245 Stamp Module................................................................................... 5
2.1 Overview............................................................................................................................................. 5
2.2 Block Diagram.................................................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Operating Frequencies..................................................................................................................... 6
2.4 Pin Definition...................................................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Power Supply..................................................................................................................................... 8
2.6 SPI interface....................................................................................................................................... 8
2.7 UART and I2C.................................................................................................................................... 8
2.8 Digital IOs............................................................................................................................................9
2.9 LEDs.................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.10 Antenna RF interface...................................................................................................................... 9
2.11 Electrical Characteristics................................................................................................................ 9
2.11.1 Absolute Maximum Rating.................................................................................................9
2.11.2 Maximum ESD.....................................................................................................................9
2.11.3 Operating Conditions........................................................................................................10
2.11.4 Power Consumption......................................................................................................... 10
2.12 RF Characteristics.........................................................................................................................11
2.12.1 Transmitter RF Characteristics.......................................................................................11
2.12.2 Receiver RF Characteristics........................................................................................... 12
3 Source Codes..........................................................................................................................................13
4 Setup Network Server and Frequencies.......................................................................................... 13
5 Contact Information...............................................................................................................................13
6 Revision History..................................................................................................................................... 14
7 Document Summary..............................................................................................................................14

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List of Tables
Table 1 | Operating Frequencies................................................................................................................6
Table 2 | Pin Definitions...............................................................................................................................8
Table 3 | Absolute Maximum Ratings........................................................................................................9
Table 4 | Maximum ESD Ratings.............................................................................................................10
Table 5 | Operation Temperature Range................................................................................................10
Table 6 | Power Consumption.................................................................................................................. 10
Table 7 | RF Output Power Level.............................................................................................................11
Table 8 | TX RF Characteristics............................................................................................................... 12
Table 9 | RX RF Characteristics...............................................................................................................12
List of Figures
Figure 1 | Module Overview........................................................................................................................ 5
Figure 2 | RAK2245 Block Diagram...........................................................................................................6
Figure 3 | RAK2245 Pin Definition............................................................................................................. 7

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1Overview
1.1 Introduction
The RAK2245 is a complete and cost efficient LoRa gateway solution base on Semtech
SX1301 to help utilize the whole LoRa system developement. Developers can integrate
the Concentrator module into the main board to utilize the LoRa gateway funtion.
RAK2245 can support eight channels and available in multiple variants so it can be
used for internartinal standard bands. This ultra compact module measures just 60mm
x 30mm x14,9mm is believed to be the world’s smallest LoRaWAN gateway module
which includes a GPS module and a Heat Sink for better performance and thermal heat
dissipation management.
This has to be the best value and function for connectivity to address a variety of
applications; like Smart Grid, Intelligent Farm and other IoT enterprise applications.
Combined with a Stamp form factor, which enables easy integration into an application
board and also ideal for manufacturing of small series. Another feature is the
integration of Ublox GPS module which expands applications.
Note: There are 2 type version with RAK2245 Series for the various interface in
GPS mdoule.
If you need use the Cellular Module (RAK2013 series), you must select the
RAK2245 series I2C version. If you don't need the Cellular Module, any version
can be working well. The default version is UART.
1.2 Main Features
Compatible with Stamp edition specification with heat sink.
SX1301 base band processor, emulates 49 x LoRa demodulators 10 parallel
demodulation paths, support 8 uplinks channel, 1 downlink channel.
2 x SX125x Tx/Rx front-ends high/ low frequency.
Supports 5V power supply, integrated level conversion circuit.
TX power up to 27dBm, RX sensitivity down to -139dBm@SF12, BW 125KHz.
Supports latest LoRaWAN 1.0.2 protocol.
Supports global license-free frequency band (EU433, CN470, EU868, US915,
AS923, AU915, KR920, IN865 and AS920).

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Supports SPI interface.
Integrated the Ublox MAX-7Q GPS Module.
2LoRa Concentrator RAK2245 Stamp
Module
2.1 Overview
The module which is the stamp edition as shown below. The outer dimension of the
RAK2245 is 30.0 x 60.0 x 14.9mm (nominal value). And the 14.9mm includes the
9.5mm heat sink.
Figure 1 | Module Overview
2.2 Block Diagram
The block diagram of RAK2245 shown as below.

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Figure 2 | RAK2245 Block Diagram
The SX1301 digital baseband chip contains 10 programmable reception paths. Those
paths have differentiated levels of programmability and allow different use cases. It is
important to understand the differences between those demodulation paths to make the
best possible use from the system.
2.3 Operating Frequencies
The board supports all LoRaWAN frequency channels as below. Which is easy to
configure while building the firmware from the source code.
Region
Freq. ( MHz )
Europe
EU433, EU868
China
CN470
North
America
US915
Asia
AS923, AS920
Australia
AU915
Korea
KR920
Indian
IN865
Table 1 | Operating Frequencies

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2.4 Pin Definition
The pins of the RAK2245 shown as following figure.
Figure 3 | RAK2245 Pin Definition
The RAK2245 provides PINs at the bottom side. The description of the pins is given by
the below table.
Pin
Name
Type
Description
A1
GND
GND
GND
A2
GND
GND
GND
A3
+5V
POWER
+5V Supply Voltage
A4
IOREF
POWER
Supply Voltage for Level Translator
A5
RESET_GPS
Input
GPS Module reset PIN
A6
STANDBY_GPS
Input
GPS Module standby PIN
A7
UART_TXD
UART
It should be connected to Main Board's UART_RXD. This
pin is connected to GPS Module's UART_TXD internally.
A8
SPI_MOSI
SPI
It should be connected to Main Board's SPI_MOSI. And this
pin has been connected to SX1301's SPI_MOSI internally.
A9
SPI_CS
SPI
It should be connected to Main Board's SPI_CS. And this
pin has been connected to SX1301's SPI_CS internally.
A10
SPI_MISO
SPI
It should be connected to Main Board's SPI_MISO. And this
pin has been connected to SX1301's SPI_MISO internally.
A11
SPI_CLK
SPI
It should be connected to Main Board's SPI_CLK. And this
pin has been connected to SX1301's SPI_CLK internally.
A12
UART_RXD
UART
It should be connected to Main Board's UART_TXD. This
pin is connected to GPS Module's UART_RXD internally.
A13
RST_BTN_N
RST
SX1301 RESET
A14
GND
GND
GND

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A15
GND
GND
GND
B1
GND
GND
GND
B2
GND
GND
GND
B3
SDA_GPS
I2C
GPS Module I2C SDA
B4
SCL_GPS
I2C
GPS Module I2C SCL
B5
GND
GND
GND
B6
GND
GND
GND
G1
GND
GND
GND
G2
GND
GND
GND
G3
GND
GND
GND
G4
GND
GND
GND
G5
GND
GND
GND
G6
GND
GND
GND
G7
GND
GND
GND
G8
GND
GND
GND
Table 2 | Pin Definitions
2.5 Power Supply
RAK2245 module be supplied through the 5V power pins, it integrats the IOREF for
Level Translator, can communicate with 3.3V, 1.8V and other different voltage
interfaces.
2.6 SPI interface
The PINs on the bottom side provides an SPI connection, which allows direct access to
the Sx1301 SPI interface. This gives the target system the possibility to use existing
SPI interfaces to communicate.
After powering up RAK2245, it is required to reset SX1301 via PIN A13.
2.7 UART and I2C
The PINs on the bottom side provides an UART connection and I2C connection, which
allows direct access to the GPS module. The 1PPS was connected to SX1301
internally.

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2.8 Digital IOs
There are two digital IO PINs, which give the user a interface to reset the GPS module
or set it into standby mode. They can be left open if you don't use them.
2.9 LEDs
3 x Green LED for indicating the status of PWR, TX, RX.
2.10 Antenna RF interface
The modules have two RF interfaces for LoRa antenna and GPS antenna over a
standard UFL connectors (Hirose U. FL-R-SMT) with a characteristic impedance of
50OHM. The RF ports supports both Tx and Rx, providing the antenna interface.
2.11 Electrical Characteristics
In the following different electrical characteristics of the RAK2245 are listed.
Furthermore details and other parameter ranges are available on request.
Note: Stress exceeding of one or more of the limiting values listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may
cause permanent damage to the radio module.
2.11.1 Absolute Maximum Rating
Limiting values given below are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum
Rating System (IEC 134).
Parameter
Description
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Supply
Voltage(VDD)
Input DC voltage
-0.3V
5.0V
5.5V
Operating
Temperature
Temperature Range
-40°C
+85°C
RF Input
Power
-15dBm
Table 3 | Absolute Maximum Ratings
2.11.2 Maximum ESD
The table below lists the maximum ESD.

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Parameter
Min
Typical
Max
Remarks
ESD sensitivity for all
pins except ANT
1000V
Human Body Model according to
JESD22-A114
ESD sensitivity for
ANT
1000V
Human Body Model according to
JESD22-A114
ESD immunity for ANT
4000V
Contact Discharge according to
IEC 61000-4-2
8000V
Air Discharge according to IEC
61000-4-2
Table 4 | Maximum ESD Ratings
Note: The module is an Electrostatic Sensitive Device and require special precautions when
handling.
2.11.3 Operating Conditions
The table below lists the operation temperature range.
Parameter
Min.
Typical
Max.
Remarks
Normal operating
temperature
–20°C
+25°C
+65°C
Normal operating temperature range
(fully functional and meet 3GPP
specifications)
Extended
operating
temperature
–40°C
+25°C
+85°C
Extended operating temperature range
(RF performance may be affected
outside normal operating range, though
module is fully functional)
Table 5 | Operation Temperature Range
2.11.4 Power Consumption
Table 6 | Power Consumption
Mode
Condition
Min
Typical
Max
Active-Mode(TX)
TX enabled and RX disabled.
336mA
Active-Mode(RX )
TX disabled and RX enabled.
360mA

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2.12 RF Characteristics
2.12.1 Transmitter RF Characteristics
The RAK2245 has an excellent transmitter performance . It is highly
recommended to use an optimized configuration for the power level
configuration, which is part of the HAL. This results in a mean RF output power
level and current consumption.
Table 7 | RF Output Power Level
T=25℃, VDD=5V(Typ.) if nothing else stated.
PA Control
DAC Control
MIX Control
DIG Gain
Nominal RF Power
Level [dBm]
0
3
8
0
-6
0
3
10
0
-3
0
3
14
0
0
1
3
9
3
4
1
3
8
0
8
1
3
9
0
10
1
3
11
0
12
1
3
12
0
14
1
3
13
0
16
2
3
12
0
17
2
3
13
0
19
2
3
14
0
20
3
3
10
0
0
3
3
11
0
0
3
3
12
0
25
3
3
13
0
26
3
3
14
0
27
Parameter
Condition
Min
Typ.
Max
Frequency Range
863MHz
870MHz
Modulation Techniques
FSK/LoRaTM
TX Frequency Variation vs.
Temperature
Power Level
Setting : 20
-3KHz
+3KHz

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Table 8 | TX RF Characteristics
2.12.2 Receiver RF Characteristics
It is highly recommended, to use optimized RSSI calibration values, which is
part of the HAL v3.1. For both, Radio 1 and 2, the RSSI-Offset should be set -
169.0. The following table gives typically sensitivity level of the RAK2245.
Table 9 | RX RF Characteristics
TX Power Variation vs.
Temperature
-5dBm
+5dBm
TX Power Variation
-1.5dBm
+1.5dBm
Signal Bandwidth/[KHz]
Spreading Factor
Sensitivity/[dBm]
125
12
-139
125
7
-126
250
12
-136
250
7
-123
500
12
-134
500
7
-120

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3Source Codes
Here is the open source code link:
https://github.com/RAKWireless/RAK2245-LoRaGateway-RPi-LoRa-Gateway-OS
4Setup Network Server and Frequencies
The default Settings are Bulit-In LoRaServer and EU868. If you get the others frequency,
you must setup it firstly. For the detailed setup steps, please refer to the
Get_Start_with_RAK_LoRa_Develop_Kit.pdf.
5Contact Information
Shenzhen Business
[e-mail]
Room 506, Bldg B, New Compark, Pingshan First Road, Taoyuan Street, Nan
shan District, Shenzhen
Shenzhen Technical
[e-mail]
0755-86108311
Room 506, Bldg B, New Compark, Pingshan First Road, Taoyuan Street, Nan
Shan District, Shenzhen

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6Revision History
Revision
Description
Date
1.0
Initial version
2018-12-21
1.1
Modify Pin definition and Block Diagram
2019-01-23
1.2
Add source codes chapter
2019-02-14
7Document Summary
Document Name: WisLink-LoRa RAK2245 User Manual
Product Name: LoRa Concentrator Module
Revision Number: V1.2
Prepared by
Checked by:
Approved by:
Jeff & Penn
Jeff
About RAKwireless:
RAKwireless is the pioneer in providing innovative and diverse cellular and LoRa
connectivity solutions for IoT edge devices. It's easy and modular design can be used in
different IoT applications and accelerate time-to-market.
For more information, please visit RAKwireless website at www.rakwireless.com.