R&S ZNB User manual

R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
Vector Network Analyzers
User Manual
1173916302
Version 55
(;×éÍ2)

This manual describes the following vector network analyzer types and their options:
●R&S® ZNB4, 9 kHz to 4.5 GHz, 2 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.22
●R&S® ZNB4, 9 kHz to 4.5 GHz, 4 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.24
●R&S® ZNB8, 9 kHz to 8.5 GHz, 2 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.42
●R&S® ZNB8, 9 kHz to 8.5 GHz, 4 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.44
●R&S® ZNB20, 100 kHz to 20 GHz, 2 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.62
●R&S® ZNB20, 100 kHz to 20 GHz, 4 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.64
●R&S® ZNB40, 10 MHz to 40 GHz, 2 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.72 (variant 72)
●R&S® ZNB40, 100 kHz to 40 GHz, 2 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.82 (variant 82)
●R&S® ZNB40, 100 kHz to 40 GHz, 4 test ports, order no. 1311.6010.84 (variant 84)
●R&S® ZNBT8, 9 kHz to 8.5 GHz, 4 test ports (up to 24 ports optional), order no. 1318.7006.24
●R&S® ZNBT20, 100 kHz to 20 GHz, 8 test ports (up to 24 ports optional), order no. 1332.9002.24
●R&S® ZNBT26, 100 kHz to 26.5 GHz, 8 test ports (up to 24 ports optional), order no. 1332.9002.34
●R&S® ZNBT40, 100 kHz to 40 GHz, 8 test ports (up to 24 ports optional), order no. 1332.9002.44
© 2020 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: [phone] - 0
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1173.9163.02 | Version 55 | R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
Throughout this manual, R&S® is abbreviated as R&S.

Contents
R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
3User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 55
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................. 13
1.1 Documentation Overview........................................................................................... 13
1.1.1 Getting Started Manual................................................................................................. 13
1.1.2 User Manual and Help.................................................................................................. 13
1.1.3 Service Manual............................................................................................................. 13
1.1.4 Instrument Security Procedures....................................................................................14
1.1.5 Basic Safety Instructions...............................................................................................14
1.1.6 Data Sheets and Brochures.......................................................................................... 14
1.1.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA).......................................... 14
1.1.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc..............................................14
1.2 Conventions Used in the Documentation.................................................................15
1.2.1 Typographical Conventions...........................................................................................15
1.2.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions.......................................................................15
1.2.3 Notes on Screenshots...................................................................................................15
2 Safety Information................................................................................16
3 Firmware V3.16.....................................................................................17
4 Getting Started..................................................................................... 18
4.1 Putting the Analyzer into Operation..........................................................................18
4.1.1 Unpacking and Checking the Instrument...................................................................... 18
4.1.2 Positioning the Instrument.............................................................................................19
4.1.3 Bench Top Operation.................................................................................................... 19
4.1.4 Operation in a 19" Rack................................................................................................ 20
4.1.5 EMI Suppression...........................................................................................................20
4.1.6 Connecting the Analyzer to the AC Supply................................................................... 21
4.1.7 Starting the Analyzer and Shutting Down..................................................................... 22
4.1.8 Standby and Ready State............................................................................................. 23
4.1.9 Connecting External Accessories................................................................................. 23
4.1.10 Minimizing the VNA Application.................................................................................... 26
4.1.11 Changing the Screen Resolution (R&S ZNBT)............................................................. 27
4.1.12 Remote Operation in a LAN.......................................................................................... 27

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4.2 Instrument Tour...........................................................................................................32
4.2.1 Front Panel R&S ZNB................................................................................................... 32
4.2.2 Front Panel R&S ZNBT.................................................................................................38
4.2.3 Rear Panel R&S ZNB....................................................................................................40
4.2.4 Rear Panel R&S ZNBT................................................................................................. 43
4.3 Operating the Instrument........................................................................................... 45
4.3.1 Manual Operation .........................................................................................................45
4.3.2 Control Elements of the Application Window................................................................ 50
4.3.3 Working with Dialogs.....................................................................................................56
4.3.4 Handling Diagrams, Traces, and Markers.....................................................................57
4.3.5 Entering Data................................................................................................................ 61
4.3.6 Scaling Diagrams.......................................................................................................... 64
4.4 Performing Measurements.........................................................................................70
4.4.1 Transmission S-Parameter Measurement.....................................................................70
4.4.2 Reflection S-Parameter Measurement..........................................................................77
5 Concepts and Features....................................................................... 79
5.1 Basic Concepts........................................................................................................... 79
5.1.1 Global (Persistent) Settings.......................................................................................... 79
5.1.2 Recall Sets.................................................................................................................... 80
5.1.3 Traces, Channels and Diagrams...................................................................................80
5.1.4 Sweep Control...............................................................................................................82
5.1.5 Data Flow...................................................................................................................... 89
5.2 Screen Elements......................................................................................................... 91
5.2.1 Display Elements of a Diagram.....................................................................................91
5.2.2 Dialogs........................................................................................................................ 102
5.2.3 Trace Formats............................................................................................................. 106
5.3 Measurement Results............................................................................................... 114
5.3.1 S-Parameters.............................................................................................................. 114
5.3.2 Reference Impedances............................................................................................... 117
5.3.3 Impedance Parameters............................................................................................... 119
5.3.4 Admittance Parameters...............................................................................................123
5.3.5 Wave Quantities and Ratios........................................................................................124
5.3.6 Unbalance-Balance Conversion..................................................................................127

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5.3.7 Stability Factors...........................................................................................................131
5.3.8 Delay, Aperture, Electrical Length...............................................................................132
5.4 Operations on Traces............................................................................................... 133
5.4.1 Limit Check................................................................................................................. 133
5.4.2 Trace Files...................................................................................................................140
5.4.3 Memory-Mapped Trace Data Transfer........................................................................ 145
5.5 Calibration................................................................................................................. 147
5.5.1 Calibration Types........................................................................................................ 148
5.5.2 Calibration Standards and Calibration Kits................................................................. 159
5.5.3 Calibration Pool...........................................................................................................166
5.5.4 Calibration Labels....................................................................................................... 166
5.5.5 Automatic Calibration.................................................................................................. 166
5.5.6 Scalar Power Calibration.............................................................................................173
5.5.7 SMARTerCal................................................................................................................179
5.5.8 Parallel Calibration of Multiple Channels.................................................................... 181
5.6 Offset Parameters and De-/Embedding.................................................................. 182
5.6.1 Offset Parameters....................................................................................................... 182
5.6.2 Embedding and Deembedding....................................................................................188
5.7 Optional Extensions and Accessories....................................................................200
5.7.1 Additional Test Ports (R&S ZNBT only).......................................................................201
5.7.2 Time Domain Analysis.................................................................................................201
5.7.3 Distance to Fault Measurements................................................................................ 214
5.7.4 Frequency Conversion Measurements....................................................................... 215
5.7.5 Receiver Bandwidth 10 MHz.......................................................................................225
5.7.6 Frequency Resolution 1 mHz......................................................................................226
5.7.7 Measurement Uncertainty Analysis.............................................................................226
5.7.8 Eazy De-embedding Based on IEEE 370................................................................... 228
5.7.9 In-situ De-Embedding................................................................................................. 230
5.7.10 Smart Fixture De-Embedding......................................................................................230
5.7.11 Delta-L 4.0 PCB Characterization............................................................................... 230
5.7.12 Bias Tees (R&S ZNB only).......................................................................................... 231
5.7.13 Internal Second Source...............................................................................................232
5.7.14 Precision Frequency Reference..................................................................................232

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5.7.15 GPIB Interface.............................................................................................................232
5.7.16 Device Control.............................................................................................................233
5.7.17 Handler I/O (Universal Interface)................................................................................ 233
5.7.18 RFFE GPIO Interface..................................................................................................234
5.7.19 Additional Removable System Drive...........................................................................235
5.7.20 Extended Power Range.............................................................................................. 235
5.7.21 Extended Dynamic Range.......................................................................................... 236
5.7.22 Receiver Step Attenuators.......................................................................................... 238
5.7.23 DC Inputs.................................................................................................................... 238
5.7.24 USB-to-IEC/IEEE Adapter...........................................................................................241
5.7.25 External Power Meters................................................................................................241
5.7.26 External Generators.................................................................................................... 243
5.7.27 External Switch Matrices.............................................................................................245
6 GUI Reference.................................................................................... 253
6.1 Function Keys and Softtools................................................................................... 253
6.2 Meas Softtool.............................................................................................................255
6.2.1 S-Params Tab............................................................................................................. 256
6.2.2 Ratios Tab................................................................................................................... 265
6.2.3 Wave Tab.................................................................................................................... 268
6.2.4 Intermod. Tab.............................................................................................................. 271
6.2.5 Z←Sij Tab....................................................................................................................275
6.2.6 Y←Sij Tab................................................................................................................... 277
6.2.7 Y-Z-Params Tab.......................................................................................................... 279
6.2.8 Imbal. CMRR Tab........................................................................................................280
6.2.9 Stability Tab.................................................................................................................283
6.2.10 Power Sensor Tab.......................................................................................................284
6.2.11 DC Tab........................................................................................................................ 285
6.3 Format Softtool......................................................................................................... 288
6.4 Scale Softtool............................................................................................................ 295
6.4.1 Scale Values Tab.........................................................................................................295
6.4.2 Scale Coupling Tab..................................................................................................... 298
6.4.3 Zoom Tab.................................................................................................................... 299
6.5 Trace Config Softtool................................................................................................301

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6.5.1 Traces Tab...................................................................................................................301
6.5.2 Mem............................................................................................................................ 306
6.5.3 All Mem All Data Tab...................................................................................................309
6.5.4 Math Tab..................................................................................................................... 310
6.5.5 Time Domain Tab........................................................................................................ 316
6.5.6 Time Gate Tab.............................................................................................................321
6.5.7 Distance to Fault Tab.................................................................................................. 323
6.5.8 Trace Statistics Tab..................................................................................................... 323
6.5.9 Smooth Shift Hold Tab................................................................................................ 329
6.5.10 Infinite Averaging Tab..................................................................................................333
6.5.11 Trace Data Tab............................................................................................................333
6.6 Lines Softtool............................................................................................................ 340
6.6.1 Limit Test Tab.............................................................................................................. 341
6.6.2 Ripple Test Tab............................................................................................................349
6.6.3 Circle Test Tab.............................................................................................................354
6.6.4 Display Circle Tab....................................................................................................... 357
6.6.5 Horiz. Line Tab............................................................................................................ 358
6.7 Marker Softtool..........................................................................................................359
6.7.1 Markers Tab................................................................................................................ 359
6.7.2 Marker Props Tab........................................................................................................362
6.7.3 Marker Search Tab......................................................................................................365
6.7.4 Multiple Peak Tab........................................................................................................370
6.7.5 Target Search Tab....................................................................................................... 372
6.7.6 Bandfilter Tab.............................................................................................................. 373
6.7.7 Set by Marker Tab....................................................................................................... 378
6.7.8 Info Field Tab...............................................................................................................379
6.7.9 Marker Coupling Tab................................................................................................... 380
6.8 Stimulus Softtool...................................................................................................... 381
6.8.1 Stimulus Tab................................................................................................................381
6.8.2 Power Tab................................................................................................................... 383
6.8.3 Time Domain X-Axis Tab.............................................................................................385
6.9 Power Bw Avg Softtool.............................................................................................387
6.9.1 Power Tab................................................................................................................... 387

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6.9.2 Bandwidth Tab.............................................................................................................387
6.9.3 Average Tab................................................................................................................ 389
6.10 Sweep Softtool.......................................................................................................... 390
6.10.1 Sweep Params Tab..................................................................................................... 390
6.10.2 Sweep Type Tab..........................................................................................................394
6.10.3 Trigger Tab.................................................................................................................. 405
6.10.4 Sweep Control Tab......................................................................................................409
6.11 Cal Softtool................................................................................................................ 413
6.11.1 Start Cal Tab............................................................................................................... 413
6.11.2 Cal Devices Tab.......................................................................................................... 475
6.11.3 Pwr Cal Settings Tab...................................................................................................487
6.11.4 Use Cal Tab.................................................................................................................494
6.11.5 METAS Cal Tab........................................................................................................... 500
6.12 Channel Config Softtool........................................................................................... 509
6.12.1 Channels Tab.............................................................................................................. 510
6.12.2 Port Config Tab........................................................................................................... 523
6.12.3 Mode Tab.................................................................................................................... 540
6.12.4 Intermod. Tab.............................................................................................................. 545
6.12.5 Pwr Cal Settings Tab...................................................................................................557
6.12.6 Mixer Mode Tab...........................................................................................................557
6.13 Offset Embed Softtool.............................................................................................. 568
6.13.1 Offset Embed Dock Widget.........................................................................................569
6.13.2 Offset Tab.................................................................................................................... 578
6.13.3 One Way Loss Tab...................................................................................................... 585
6.13.4 Single Ended Tab........................................................................................................ 586
6.13.5 Fixture Modeling Dialog.............................................................................................. 589
6.13.6 Port Sets Tab...............................................................................................................601
6.13.7 Balanced Tab.............................................................................................................. 604
6.13.8 Ground Loop Tab........................................................................................................ 607
6.13.9 Differential Match Tab..................................................................................................609
6.13.10 Config Tab................................................................................................................... 611
6.13.11 Delta-L Tab..................................................................................................................612
6.14 File Softtool............................................................................................................... 619

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9User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 55
6.14.1 Recall Sets Tab........................................................................................................... 620
6.14.2 Favorites Tab...............................................................................................................624
6.14.3 Print Tab...................................................................................................................... 625
6.14.4 Printer Setup Dialog.................................................................................................... 625
6.14.5 Trace Data Tab............................................................................................................627
6.14.6 More Tab..................................................................................................................... 627
6.15 Applic Softtool...........................................................................................................628
6.15.1 External Tools Application........................................................................................... 628
6.15.2 TDR Application (R&S ZNB/ZNBT-K20)..................................................................... 630
6.15.3 DUT Centric Application..............................................................................................659
6.15.4 Distance to Fault Application.......................................................................................674
6.16 Display Softtool.........................................................................................................682
6.16.1 Diagram Tab................................................................................................................682
6.16.2 Split Tab...................................................................................................................... 686
6.16.3 Config Tab................................................................................................................... 688
6.16.4 View Bar Tab............................................................................................................... 695
6.16.5 Touchscreen Tab......................................................................................................... 696
6.17 Setup Softtool............................................................................................................696
6.17.1 Setup Tab.................................................................................................................... 697
6.17.2 Freq. Ref. Tab............................................................................................................. 714
6.17.3 Remote Settings Tab...................................................................................................715
6.17.4 External Devices Tab.................................................................................................. 718
6.17.5 External Ports Tab.......................................................................................................727
6.18 Help Softtool..............................................................................................................738
6.19 Additional Function Keys.........................................................................................739
7 Remote Control.................................................................................. 741
7.1 Introduction to Remote Control...............................................................................741
7.1.1 Remote Control via USB............................................................................................. 742
7.1.2 Starting a Remote Control Session.............................................................................742
7.1.3 GPIB Explorer............................................................................................................. 743
7.1.4 Switchover to Remote Control.................................................................................... 744
7.1.5 Combining Manual and Remote Control..................................................................... 747
7.2 Messages................................................................................................................... 748

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7.2.1 Device Messages (Commands and Device Responses)............................................ 748
7.2.2 SCPI Command Structure and Syntax........................................................................748
7.2.3 SCPI Parameters........................................................................................................ 752
7.3 Basic Remote Control Concepts............................................................................. 754
7.3.1 Traces, Channels, and Diagram Areas....................................................................... 754
7.3.2 Active Traces in Remote Control.................................................................................755
7.3.3 Initiating Measurements, Speed Considerations.........................................................756
7.3.4 Addressing Traces and Channels............................................................................... 757
7.4 Command Processing.............................................................................................. 758
7.4.1 Input Unit.....................................................................................................................758
7.4.2 Command Recognition................................................................................................759
7.4.3 Data Base and Instrument Hardware..........................................................................759
7.4.4 Status Reporting System............................................................................................ 760
7.4.5 Output Unit.................................................................................................................. 760
7.4.6 Command Sequence and Command Synchronization............................................... 760
7.5 Status Reporting System......................................................................................... 762
7.5.1 Overview of Status Registers......................................................................................763
7.5.2 Structure of an SCPI Status Register..........................................................................763
7.5.3 Contents of the Status Registers................................................................................ 765
7.5.4 Application of the Status Reporting System................................................................772
7.5.5 Reset Values of the Status Reporting System............................................................ 775
8 Command Reference......................................................................... 776
8.1 Special Terms and Notation..................................................................................... 776
8.1.1 Upper/Lower Case...................................................................................................... 777
8.1.2 Special Characters......................................................................................................777
8.1.3 Parameters..................................................................................................................777
8.1.4 Numeric Suffixes......................................................................................................... 777
8.2 Common Commands................................................................................................ 778
8.3 SCPI Command Reference.......................................................................................779
8.3.1 CALCulate Commands............................................................................................... 780
8.3.2 CONFigure Commands...............................................................................................989
8.3.3 CONTrol Commands...................................................................................................997
8.3.4 DIAGnostic Commands.............................................................................................1021

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8.3.5 DISPlay Commands..................................................................................................1023
8.3.6 FORMat Commands................................................................................................. 1049
8.3.7 HCOPy Commands...................................................................................................1051
8.3.8 INITiate Commands.................................................................................................. 1056
8.3.9 INSTrument Commands............................................................................................1058
8.3.10 MEMory.....................................................................................................................1060
8.3.11 MMEMory Commands.............................................................................................. 1061
8.3.12 OUTPut Commands.................................................................................................. 1103
8.3.13 PROGram Commands.............................................................................................. 1108
8.3.14 [SENSe:] Commands.................................................................................................1111
8.3.15 SOURce Commands.................................................................................................1249
8.3.16 STATus Commands...................................................................................................1297
8.3.17 SYSTem Commands.................................................................................................1300
8.3.18 TRACe Commands................................................................................................... 1343
8.3.19 TRIGger Commands................................................................................................. 1346
8.4 R&S ZVR/ZVABT Compatible Commands.............................................................1353
9 Programming Examples..................................................................1379
9.1 Basic Tasks..............................................................................................................1379
9.1.1 Typical Stages of a Remote Control Program...........................................................1379
9.1.2 Channel, Trace and Diagram Handling..................................................................... 1382
9.2 Condensed Programming Examples.................................................................... 1388
9.2.1 Path Independent RC Programs............................................................................... 1389
9.2.2 Trace and Diagram Handling.................................................................................... 1389
9.2.3 Using Markers........................................................................................................... 1398
9.2.4 Data Handling........................................................................................................... 1400
9.2.5 Calibration................................................................................................................. 1404
9.2.6 Mixer Measurement.................................................................................................. 1410
9.2.7 RFFE/GPIO Interface Programming......................................................................... 1413
9.2.8 Fixture Modeling........................................................................................................1415
10 Error Messages and Troubleshooting............................................1417
10.1 Errors during Firmware Operation........................................................................ 1417
10.1.1 Asynchronous Errors.................................................................................................1418
10.1.2 Errors during Measurement...................................................................................... 1418

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10.2 Errors during Firmware Installation/Update......................................................... 1419
10.3 Collecting Information for Technical Support...................................................... 1421
10.4 Contacting Customer Support...............................................................................1422
11 Annexes............................................................................................ 1423
11.1 Administrative Tasks.............................................................................................. 1423
11.1.1 Windows Operating System......................................................................................1423
11.1.2 Firmware Installation................................................................................................. 1424
11.2 System Recovery.................................................................................................... 1425
11.3 Interfaces and Connectors.....................................................................................1425
11.3.1 Rear Panel Connectors.............................................................................................1425
11.3.2 LAN Interface............................................................................................................ 1427
11.3.3 GPIB Interface...........................................................................................................1428
11.3.4 Handler I/O (Universal Interface).............................................................................. 1431
11.3.5 RFFE - GPIO Interface .............................................................................................1439
11.4 Maintenance............................................................................................................ 1441
11.4.1 Cleaning.................................................................................................................... 1441
11.4.2 Storing and Packing the Instrument.......................................................................... 1442
11.4.3 Replacing Fuses....................................................................................................... 1442
11.5 Showroom Mode..................................................................................................... 1443
11.6 ENA Emulation Commands....................................................................................1443
Glossary: Frequently Used Terms..................................................1451
List of commands............................................................................ 1457
Index..................................................................................................1481

Preface
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13User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 55
1 Preface
This chapter provides safety-related information, an overview of the user documenta-
tion and the conventions used in the documentation.
1.1 Documentation Overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S ZNB/ZNBT user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S ZNB/ZNBT product page at:
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/ZNB
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/ZNBT
1.1.1 Getting Started Manual
Introduces the R&S ZNB/ZNBT and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general infor-
mation, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for down-
load on the Internet.
1.1.2 User Manual and Help
The user manual contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also
provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control
commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
The contents of the user manual are available as help in the R&S ZNB/ZNBT. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the instrument
and its firmware.
The user manual is also available for download or for immediate display on the Inter-
net.
1.1.3 Service Manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replace-
ment and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
●R&S ZNB Service Manual
Documentation Overview

Preface
R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
14User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 55
●R&S ZNBT Service Manual
1.1.4 Instrument Security Procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S ZNB/ZNBT in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
1.1.5 Basic Safety Instructions
Contains safety instructions, operating conditions and further important information.
The printed document is delivered with the instrument.
1.1.6 Data Sheets and Brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S ZNB/ZNBT. It also lists
the firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific char-
acteristics.
See
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/ZNB
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/ZNBT
1.1.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/ZNB
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/ZNBT
1.1.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particu-
lar topics.
See
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/ZNB
●https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/ZNBT
Documentation Overview

Preface
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15User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 55
1.2 Conventions Used in the Documentation
1.2.1 Typographical Conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
"Graphical user interface ele-
ments"
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
File names, commands,
program code
File names, commands, coding samples and screen output are distin-
guished by their font.
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
tion marks.
1.2.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions
When operating the instrument, several alternative methods may be available to per-
form the same task. In this case, the procedure using the touchscreen is described.
Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an addition-
ally connected mouse. The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or
the on-screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating pro-
cedures.
The term "select" may refer to any of the described methods, i.e. using a finger on the
touchscreen, a mouse pointer in the display, or a key on the instrument or on a key-
board.
1.2.3 Notes on Screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options instal-
led. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your par-
ticular product configuration.
Conventions Used in the Documentation

Safety Information
R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
16User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 55
2 Safety Information
The product documentation helps you use the R&S ZNB/ZNBT safely and efficiently.
Follow the instructions provided here and in the printed "Basic Safety Instructions".
Keep the product documentation nearby and offer it to other users.
Intended use
The R&S ZNB/ZNBT is intended for the development, production and verification of
electronic components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environ-
ments. Use the R&S ZNB/ZNBT only for its designated purpose. Observe the operat-
ing conditions and performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you about the poten-
tial dangers and gives instructions how to prevent personal injuries or damage caused
by dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●The printed "Basic Safety Instructions" provide safety information in many lan-
guages and are delivered with the R&S ZNB/ZNBT.
●Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you need to
take care during setup or operation.

Firmware V3.16
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3 Firmware V3.16
Version 3.16 of the R&S ZNB/ZNBT firmware provides the following changes:
New functionality
●Support of new frequency reference board
Firmware version
► To check your R&S ZNB/ZNBT firmware version, select "Help" > "About..." from the
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Getting Started
R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
18User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 55
4 Getting Started
4.1 Putting the Analyzer into Operation
This section describes the basic steps to be taken when setting up the analyzer for the
first time.
Simple measurement examples are provided in Chapter 4.4, "Performing Measure-
ments", on page 70; for a description of the operating concept refer to Chapter 4.3,
"Operating the Instrument", on page 45. For all background and reference informa-
tion concerning manual and remote control of the instrument, refer to your analyzer's
help system or user manual. A more detailed description of the hardware connectors
and interfaces is also part of the help system or user manual.
Risk of injury due to disregarding safety information
Observe the information on appropriate operating conditions provided in the data sheet
to prevent personal injury or damage to the instrument. Read and observe the basic
safety instructions provided with the instrument, in addition to the safety instructions in
the following sections. In particular:
●Do not open the instrument casing.
4.1.1 Unpacking and Checking the Instrument
Check the equipment for completeness using the delivery note and the accessory lists
for the various items. If you notice any damage, immediately contact the carrier who
delivered the instrument.
Packing material
Retain the original packing material. If the instrument needs to be transported or ship-
ped later, you can use the material to protect the control elements and connectors.
Risk of injury during transportation
The carrying handles at the front and side of the casing are designed to lift or carry the
instrument. Do not apply excessive force to the handles. If a handle is ripped off, the
falling instrument can cause injury.
As the R&S ZNBT is very heavy (over 35 kg fully equipped), it must always be carried
by two people using both carrying handles to avoid personal injury or damage to the
instrument.
Putting the Analyzer into Operation

Getting Started
R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
19User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 55
4.1.2 Positioning the Instrument
The network analyzer is designed for use under laboratory conditions, either on a
bench top or in a rack.
Risk of instrument damage due to inappropriate operating conditions
An unsuitable operating site or test setup can damage the instrument and connected
devices. Before switching on the instrument, observe the information on appropriate
operating conditions provided in the data sheet. In particular, ensure the following:
●All fan openings are unobstructed and the airflow perforations are unimpeded. A
minimum distance of 10 cm to other objects is recommended.
●The instrument is dry and shows no sign of condensation.
●The instrument is positioned as described in the following sections.
●The ambient temperature does not exceed the range specified in the data sheet.
●Signal levels at the input connectors are all within the specified ranges.
●Signal outputs are connected correctly and are not overloaded.
Instrument damage caused by electrostatic discharge
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage the electronic components of the instrument
and the device under test (DUT). Electrostatic discharge is most likely to occur when
you connect or disconnect a DUT or test fixture to the instrument's test ports. To pre-
vent electrostatic discharge, use a wrist strap and cord and connect yourself to the
ground, or use a conductive floor mat and heel strap combination.
During operation, if the firmware observes a serious unexpected disturbance (e.g. due
to ESD), it resets all hardware components to ensure proper instrument functioning. It
then restores the user settings to the state before the disturbance and indicates the
foregone hardware reset by an "Hardware communication problem [...]" information
popup.
4.1.3 Bench Top Operation
If the analyzer is operated on a bench top, the surface must be flat. The instrument can
be used in horizontal or vertical position, standing on its feet, or with the support feet
on the bottom expanded.
Putting the Analyzer into Operation

Getting Started
R&S® ZNB/ZNBT
20User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 55
Risk of injury if feet are folded out
The feet can fold in if they are not folded out completely or if the instrument is shifted.
Collapsing feet can cause injury or damage the instrument.
●Fold the feet completely in or out to ensure stability of the instrument. Never shift
the instrument when the feet are folded out.
●When the feet are folded out, do not work under the instrument or place anything
underneath.
●The feet can break if they are overloaded. The overall load on the folded-out feet
must not exceed 500 N.
4.1.4 Operation in a 19" Rack
The R&S ZNB/ZNBT can be mounted in 19" racks using the adapter R&S ZZA-KN5
(order number 1175.3040.00). Proceed according to the mounting instructions supplied
with the rack adapter.
Risk of instrument damage due to insufficient airflow in a rack
If you mount several instruments in a rack, you need an efficient ventilation concept to
ensure that the instruments do not overheat. Insufficient airflow for a longer period can
disturb the operation and even cause damage.
4.1.5 EMI Suppression
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) can affect the measurement results.
To suppress generated Electromagnetic Interference:
●Use suitable shielded cables of high quality (see table below)
●Always terminate open cable ends
●Note the EMC classification in the data sheet
Putting the Analyzer into Operation