R&S ZVAX-TRM User manual

R&S®ZVAX-TRM
Extension Unit
User Manual
User Manual
1325.1268.02 ─ 04
(=I<Ò2)
Test & Measurement

This manual describes the following four extension unit models and their options:
●R&S®ZVAX-TRM24, order no. 1322.6500.24
●R&S®ZVAX-TRM40, order no. 1322.6500.40
●R&S®ZVAX-TRM50, order no. 1322.6500.50
●R&S®ZVAX-TRM67, order no. 1322.6500.67
Available options include pulse modulators, output amplifiers, and combiners.
The full set of options is listed in Chapter 4.2, "Options", on page 27.
© 2015 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: [phone] - 0
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
Throughout this manual R&S® is abbreviated as R&S.

Contents
R&S®ZVAX-TRM
3User Manual 1325.1268.02 ─ 04
Contents
1 About the Extension Unit...................................................................... 5
1.1 Features......................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Documentation Overview............................................................................................. 7
2 Building Blocks and RF Signal Flow....................................................9
2.1 Pulse modulators........................................................................................................ 10
2.2 Output Amplifiers........................................................................................................10
2.3 Broadband Combiners............................................................................................... 10
2.4 Direct Generator/Receiver Access............................................................................ 11
2.5 RF Signal Flow (w/o combiners)................................................................................11
3 Preparing the Extension Unit for Use................................................ 13
3.1 Safety Instructions......................................................................................................13
3.2 Front Panel Tour......................................................................................................... 14
3.2.1 Standby Key..................................................................................................................14
3.2.2 USB Connectors........................................................................................................... 15
3.2.3 RF Connectors.............................................................................................................. 15
3.2.4 Front Panel Indicator LEDs........................................................................................... 16
3.3 Rear Panel Tour...........................................................................................................16
3.3.1 Mains Connector and Switch........................................................................................ 16
3.3.2 USB FROM NWA..........................................................................................................16
3.3.3 USB...............................................................................................................................17
3.3.4 CASCADE IN................................................................................................................ 17
3.3.5 EXT PULSE GENERATOR IN / OUT........................................................................... 17
3.4 Putting the Extension Unit into Operation................................................................18
3.4.1 Unpacking and Checking the Extension Unit................................................................ 18
3.4.2 Instrument Setup...........................................................................................................19
3.4.3 Bench Top Operation.................................................................................................... 19
3.4.4 Mounting the extension unit in a 19'' Rack....................................................................21
3.4.5 Connecting the extension unit to the R&S ZVA/ZVT.....................................................22
3.4.6 EMI Protective Measures.............................................................................................. 23
3.4.7 Connecting the Extension Unit to the AC Supply..........................................................23
3.4.8 Power on and off........................................................................................................... 23

Contents
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3.4.9 Standby and Ready State............................................................................................. 24
3.5 Maintenance................................................................................................................ 24
3.6 Storing and Packing................................................................................................... 25
4 Models and Options.............................................................................27
4.1 Models..........................................................................................................................27
4.2 Options.........................................................................................................................27
4.2.1 Overview....................................................................................................................... 28
4.2.2 Pulse Modulators.......................................................................................................... 29
4.2.3 Output Amplifiers...........................................................................................................29
4.2.4 Broadband Combiners.................................................................................................. 29
4.2.5 Low-noise Preamplifiers................................................................................................30
Index......................................................................................................31

About the Extension Unit
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1 About the Extension Unit
1.1 Features
The R&S ZVAX-TRM is a configurable extension unit for the R&S ZVA and R&S ZVT
families of vector network analyzers, enabling enhanced measurements with high sig-
nal power, pulsed stimuli, two-tone stimuli or a combination thereof. The focus is on
performing measurements on active devices such as T/R modules, receivers or power
amplifiers without the need to reconnect the DUT ("single connection measurement").
Once the RF connections between network analyzer and extension unit are estab-
lished, the R&S ZVAX-TRM allows to condition the RF signals generated by the ana-
lyzer by looping internal pulse modulators, amplifiers and combiners into the related
source paths. Ports 1 and 2 on the extension unit replace the respective ports on the
network analyzer. They provide direct access to the source and measurement paths,
which can be used to loop user-specific external components (filters, attenuators, isola-
tors, amplifiers etc.) into the related paths. To optimize the measurement performance,
the a-wave (reference signal) can be monitored at different points on the source path.
Features

About the Extension Unit
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Direct access to
SOURCE and
MEAS paths
Replaced by
ports 1 and 2 on
the extension unit
Figure 1-1: 4-port R&S ZVA with extension unit R&S ZVAX-TRM
The extension unit is fully controlled by the analyzer firmware (V3.30 or higher); the
management connection is established via USB. Internal components and external
user paths of the R&S ZVAX-TRM can be selectively enabled/disabled from the firm-
ware on a per-channel basis. Also, the adequate a-wave access can be selected per
channel and port.
The R&S ZVAX-TRM base unit offers two test ports equipped with high-power direc-
tional couplers (up to +43 dBm) and supports user-defined source and measurement
path extensions via front access connectors. It is available in four variants:
●R&S ZVAX-TRM24: frequency range 10 MHz to 24 GHz (3.5 mm connectors)
●R&S ZVAX-TRM40: frequency range 10 MHz to 40 GHz (2.92 mm connectors)
●R&S ZVAX-TRM50: frequency range 10 MHz to 50 GHz (2.4 mm connectors)
●R&S ZVAX-TRM67: frequency range 10 MHz to 67 GHz (1.85 mm connectors)
Internal signal conditioning modules (pulse modulators, output amplifiers, combiners,
low noise preamplifiers) are available as options; see Chapter 4, "Models and
Options", on page 27.
Features

About the Extension Unit
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1.2 Documentation Overview
The functionality of the R&S ZVAX-TRM extension unit is explained in Chapter 2,
"Building Blocks and RF Signal Flow", on page 9.
For an overview of the front and rear panel controls and connectors of the extension
unit see sections Chapter 3.2, "Front Panel Tour", on page 14, and Chapter 3.3,
"Rear Panel Tour", on page 16.
All information that is necessary to put the unit into operation and to connect it to the
network analyzer is given in Chapter 3.4, "Putting the Extension Unit into Operation",
on page 18.
The final chapter describes the available options (see Chapter 4, "Models and
Options", on page 27). These hardware options should be installed in the original unit
at time of purchase; later upgrades can only be performed in the Rohde & Schwarz
facilities.
For further information, including operation and remote control of the extension unit,
refer to the online help system of the R&S ZVA/ZVT network analyzer or its pdf ver-
sion, both available at the Rohde&Schwarz Internet site.
Documentation Overview

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Documentation Overview

Building Blocks and RF Signal Flow
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2 Building Blocks and RF Signal Flow
The block diagram below shows a R&S ZVAX-TRM equipped with all available options
(see Chapter 4.2, "Options", on page 27); unavailable modules would be replaced by
direct lines.
Port 1
Meas Out
Meas In
Src 3 In
from/to NWA
Ref 3 Out
Ref 3 In
Src 1 In
Ref 1 Out
Meas 1 Out
Src 4 Out
Src 4 In
Ref 4 Out
Ref 4 In
Src 2 In
Ref 2 Out
Meas 2 Out
ZVAX-TRM frontend / ports
Src Out
Src In
Port 2
Src Out
Src In
Src 3 Out
Meas Out
Meas In
Pulse Modulators
(optional)
Amplifiers
(optional)
Low-noise Preamplifiers
(optional)
Combiners
(optional)
Figure 2-1: R&S ZVAX-TRM Block Diagram (all options installed)
Each of the modules can either be looped into the SOURCE or MEAS path or simply
bypassed: the transfer switches which are part of each building block, are controlled by
the analyzer firmware.
For the 67 GHz model R&S ZVAX-TRM67 we have the following limitations:
●The pulse modulators operate with reduced performance above f ≈ 60 GHz.
●The operation range of the low-noise preamplifiers is limited to 50 GHz.

Building Blocks and RF Signal Flow
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Reference Signal Access
The block diagram also shows the access points for the reference signal:
●at the pulse modulator (only if the modulator is looped into the source path)
●at the combiner (for paths 3 and 4)
●at the front-end's high-power couplers (for paths 1 and 2)
For paths 3 and 4 the reference signal can also be accessed at the NWA's coupler
(see Chapter 2.5, "RF Signal Flow (w/o combiners)", on page 11).
The analyzer fimware ensures that only one of these access points is active at a time.
2.1 Pulse modulators
Pulse modulators can be looped into source paths 1, 2 and 3, enabling bidirectional
pulsed measurements even on a two-port R&S ZVA. In combination with a
R&S ZVA/ZVT with two or more internal generators, IMD measurements with pulsed
sources can be performed.
Pulsed measurements are configured in the R&S ZVA/ZVT Firmware (pulse profile
measurement requires software option R&S ZVA-K7 at the R&S ZVA/ZVT). To control
the pulse modulators of the R&S ZVAX-TRM the analyzer can provide pulse generator
signals via the CASCADE interface (see Chapter 3.3.4, "CASCADE IN", on page 17;
requires software option R&S ZVA-K27 at the R&S ZVA/ZVT). If a pulse modulator is
looped into the signal path, its input signal can be used as reference signal, which ena-
bles ALC even in pulsed measurements (depending on the pulse length).
For the related options, see Chapter 4.2.2, "Pulse Modulators", on page 29.
2.2 Output Amplifiers
Each of the source paths can be equipped with an additional amplifier, intended to
compensate for the losses due to other modules and switches on the respective path.
If the amplifier is looped into the source path, output levels similar to those of a stand-
alone R&S ZVA/ZVT can be achieved.
For the related options, see Chapter 4.2.3, "Output Amplifiers", on page 29.
2.3 Broadband Combiners
Source paths 1 and 3 (source paths 2 and 4) can be combined and output to port 1
(port 2) on the R&S ZVAX-TRM. With CW source signals the resulting two-tone output
signal is suitable for intermodulation measurements. If both combiners are equipped, a
Broadband Combiners

Building Blocks and RF Signal Flow
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R&S ZVA/ZVT with two internal sources can perform bidirectional intermodulation
measurements without having to alter the RF connections.
The built-in monitor switch allows to use the combiner input from path 3 (path 4) as ref-
erence signal for port 3 (port 4), even if the combiner is looped into source paths 1 and
3 (source paths 2 and 4).
For the related options, see Chapter 4.2.4, "Broadband Combiners", on page 29.
2.4 Direct Generator/Receiver Access
In order to enable application-specific extensions, the R&S ZVAX-TRM frontend pro-
vides access to the source and measurement paths of ports 1 and 2, similar to the
"Direct Access" connectors at the R&S ZVA/ZVT. This allows to loop external compo-
nents (filters, attenuators, isolators, amplifiers etc.) into the related source and/or mea-
surement paths or to connect additional measurement instruments.
Direct generator/receiver access is already part of the base models (see Chapter 4.1,
"Models", on page 27) and doesn't require any additional option.
The external RF path extensions can be bypassed using electronic transfer switches;
there is no need to jumper the respective IN/OUT connectors.
2.5 RF Signal Flow (w/o combiners)
If no combiner is switched into the signal path, ports 1 and 2 are physically provided by
the extension unit (ports 1 and 2 of the analyzer are not used):
RF Signal Flow (w/o combiners)

Building Blocks and RF Signal Flow
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R&S ZVA/ZVT R&S ZVAX-TRM
SOURCE
MEAS
MEAS Receiver
REF Receiver
Port
REF
MS
S
S
S
S
user-
defined
user-
defined
CW ref. ahead
of pulse mod.
Pulse Mod. / Amp.
(optional)
Preamp.
(optional)
= not used = blind hole = Monitor Access
M S = Switch
Coupler
Figure 2-2: RF signal flow for ports 1 and 2 (w/o combiners)
In contrast, ports 3 and 4 are physically provided by the analyzer:
R&S ZVA/ZVT R&S ZVAX-TRM
SOURCE
MEAS
MEAS Receiver
REF Receiver
REF
Port
Pulse Mod. / Amp.
(optional)
M
S
CW ref. ahead
of pulse mod.
= blind hole = Monitor Access
M S = Switch
Coupler
Figure 2-3: RF signal flow for ports 3 and 4 (w/o combiners)
In any case the measurement and reference signals are routed to the MEAS and REF
receiver of the analyzer.
RF Signal Flow (w/o combiners)

Preparing the Extension Unit for Use
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3 Preparing the Extension Unit for Use
This chapter covers the following topics:
●Safety Instructions...................................................................................................13
●Front Panel Tour..................................................................................................... 14
●Rear Panel Tour......................................................................................................16
●Putting the Extension Unit into Operation............................................................... 18
●Maintenance............................................................................................................24
●Storing and Packing................................................................................................25
3.1 Safety Instructions
The extension unit R&S ZVAX-TRM has been designed and tested in accordance with
the EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer’s plant in a condition
fully complying with safety standards.
General safety instructions
To maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation, you must observe all instruc-
tions and warnings given in this manual.
Maximum Power Levels
The extension unit is intended to be operated with an R&S ZVA or R&S ZVT vector
network analyzer (NWA). With regard to the RF power ranges of the extension unit and
the network analyzer, there is no risk of damage as long as there are no external
amplifiers or other active devices looped into the RF paths.
External amplifiers or other active devices may be used to increase the RF power
level, as long as the maximum RF powers of the extension unit and the NWA – as quo-
ted in the data sheets – are not exceeded. However, be aware that the power handling
capability quoted in the data sheets refers to the couplers only. In order to prevent
damage to other components of the extension unit and/or the NWA, the use of external
attenuators and/or isolators may be required.
Moreover, observe that the RF signal fed into the extension unit or the NWA must not
contain a DC offset, as this may impair the measurements and even cause damage to
the extension unit or the NWA.
RF Connection
Always connect the extension unit as described in Chapter 3.4.5, "Connecting the
extension unit to the R&S ZVA/ZVT", on page 22. The analyzer firmware expects a
1:1 connection between the ports of the NWA and the ports/paths of the extension unit
(1↔1, 2↔2, ...).
Safety Instructions

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ESD Protective Measures
To protect the extension unit against damage due to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) use
the wrist strap and grounding cord supplied with the network analyzer and connect
yourself to the GND connector at the front panel of the R&S ZVA or R&S ZVT. For
details refer to the Quick Start Guide of your analyzer.
USB Connection to the Analyzer
●The extension unit is intended for direct connection to R&S ZVA or R&S ZVT net-
work analyzers according to the instructions in Chapter 3.4.5, "Connecting the
extension unit to the R&S ZVA/ZVT", on page 22 and in the analyzer’s help sys-
tem. Do not connect the unit to other USB hosts, e.g. a PC, and do not insert any
USB hubs between the analyzer and the unit, as this may cause damage to the
unit or the host.
●It is safe to connect or disconnect the extension unit while the network analyzer is
operating. Never connect the unit during a firmware update.
3.2 Front Panel Tour
The front panel of the extension unit provides the standby key, two USB connectors
(type A), RF connectors for ports 1, 2, 3, and 4, as well as several indicator LEDs.
Figure 3-1: R&S
ZVAX-TRM Front Panel
3.2.1 Standby Key
The standby key connects/disconnects all internal modules of the extension unit to/
from the DC supply voltages generated by its internal power supply.
The two LEDs indicate whether the extension unit is ready to operate (green LED on)
or in standby state (yellow LED on).
Front Panel Tour

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It is recommendable to switch the extension unit to standby state or switch it off by the
rear panel AC power switch if it is not used for some time.
3.2.2 USB Connectors
The R&S ZVAX-TRM provides two USB type A connectors on the front panel and
another one on the rear panel.
Once the extension unit is connected to the network analyzer via the type B USB con-
nector on the rear panel of the extension unit (see Chapter 3.3.2, "USB FROM NWA",
on page 16), the USB type A connectors are functionally equivalent to the USB
type A connectors of the network analyzer (USB hub functionality). They can be used
to connect supported USB devices (calibration units, power meters, keyboard, mouse,
printer, USB stick, etc.) to the R&S ZVA/ZVT.
3.2.3 RF Connectors
As shown in Figure 3-1, the R&S ZVAX-TRM provides four groups of RF connectors.
The groups are labeled 1 to 4, indicating the related port on the R&S ZVA/ZVT.
The RF connectors in the upper part of the front panel are used to establish the
required SOURCE, REF and MEAS paths between analyzer and extension unit (see
Chapter 3.4.5, "Connecting the extension unit to the R&S ZVA/ZVT", on page 22).
Groups 1 and 2 each comprise a test port connector, located at the vertical center of
the front panel. It is equipped with a high power directional coupler (up to +43 dBm)
and replaces the corresponding test port connector on the NWA.
The RF connectors in the lower part of the front panel provide direct access to the
SOURCE and MEAS path of ports 1 and 2. If not required, an extension path can be
bypassed using electronic transfer switches (controlled by the NWA firmware); there is
no need to jumper the IN and OUT connectors.
Maximum RF power and DC offset
Observe the maximum RF output power at the test ports on the extension unit and the
maximum RF input power at the network analyzer ports (see data sheets). If the TX or
RX power at the test port connector of the extension unit is high, external attenuators
may be required to prevent excess input power at MEAS IN, SOURCE OUT, and REF
IN (NWA). These external attenuators can be inserted at the respective port or via the
external SRC/MEAS path access.
In addition, it is important that the signal fed in at the test port connector contains no
DC offset, as this may impair the measurements and even cause damage to the exten-
sion unit.
Front Panel Tour

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3.2.4 Front Panel Indicator LEDs
As shown in Figure 3-1, the lower part of each port group features several LEDs that
indicate whether a particular signal conditioning is currently active for the respective
port. For background information, see Chapter 2, "Building Blocks and RF Signal
Flow", on page 9.
Low-noise preamplifiers are not available for the R&S ZVAX-TRM67
3.3 Rear Panel Tour
The rear panel contains the mains connector with the AC power switch and several
connectors for control and pulse generator signals.
Figure 3-2: R&S ZVAX-TRM Rear Panel
3.3.1 Mains Connector and Switch
The mains connector is located in the lefthand part of the rear panel; see also Chap-
ter 3.4.8, "Power on and off", on page 23.
3.3.2 USB FROM NWA
The type B USB connector (slave USB) is used to control the extension unit from an
R&S ZVA network analyzer (NWA). Connect the USB FROM NWA connector to any of
the type A USB connectors at the front or rear panel of the analyzer.
Rear Panel Tour

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With an established connection to USB FROM NWA, the type A USB connectors of the
extension unit are functionally equivalent to those of the NWA (USB hub functionality).
USB connection
The length of the connecting USB cable should not exceed 1 m. It is recommended to
use the cable delivered with the extension unit.
3.3.3 USB
The USB type A connector on the rear panel is functionally equivalent to the USB
type A connectors on the front panel (see Chapter 3.2.2, "USB Connectors",
on page 15).
3.3.4 CASCADE IN
Input connector for pulse generator signals from the R&S ZVA/ZVT (via CASCADE
OUT; requires option R&S ZVA-K27 on the R&S ZVA/ZVT). Refer to the detailed
description of the pulse generator in the help system of your network analyzer.
See the following section for additional information.
3.3.5 EXT PULSE GENERATOR IN / OUT
IN/OUT connectors for external pulse generators.
The pulse modulators of the extension unit can be controlled either by the connected
R&S ZVA/ZVT (via CASCADE IN) or by an external pulse generator (via EXT PULSE
GENERATOR IN 1, 2).
The analyzer firmware allows to define
●which generator signals shall be used by modulator 1, 2 and 3
●which generator signals shall be fed to EXT PULSE GENERATOR OUT 1 and 2
The pulse PULSE GENERATOR OUT signals are compatible with external pulse gen-
erators with a 50 Ω load impedance.
Rear Panel Tour

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3.4 Putting the Extension Unit into Operation
This section describes the basic steps to be taken when setting up the extension unit
for the first time.
Risk of injury and instrument damage
The instrument must be used in an appropriate manner to prevent electric shock, fire,
personal injury, or damage.
●Do not open the instrument casing.
●Read and observe the "Basic Safety Instructions" delivered as a printed brochure
with the instrument.
In addition, read and observe the safety instructions in the following sections.
Notice that the data sheet may specify additional operating conditions.
Risk of instrument damage during operation
An unsuitable operating site or test setup can cause damage to the instrument and to
connected devices. Ensure the following operating conditions before you switch on the
instrument:
●All fan openings are unobstructed and the airflow perforations are unimpeded. The
minimum distance from the wall is 10 cm.
●The instrument is dry and shows no sign of condensation.
●The instrument is positioned as described in the following sections.
●The ambient temperature does not exceed the range specified in the data sheet.
●Signal levels at the input connectors are all within the specified ranges.
●Signal outputs are correctly connected and are not overloaded.
3.4.1 Unpacking and Checking the Extension Unit
The extension unit is shipped together with its mandatory accessories in a cardboard
box.
In order to unpack its contents proceed as follows:
1. Remove the unit from its packaging and check the equipment for completeness
using the delivery note and the accessory lists for the various items.
2. First, pull off the polyethylene protection pads from the unit's rear feet and then
carefully remove the pads from the unit handles at the front.
3. Pull off the corrugated cardboard cover that protects the rear of the unit.
Putting the Extension Unit into Operation

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4. Carefully unthread the cardboard cover at the front that protects the unit handles
and remove it.
5. Check the unit for damage. If you notice any damage, immediately contact the car-
rier who delivered the unit. In this case, make sure not to discard the box and pack-
ing material.
Packing material
Retain the original packing material. If the instrument needs to be transported or ship-
ped at a later date, you can use the material to protect the control elements and con-
nectors.
3.4.2 Instrument Setup
The extension unit is designed for use under laboratory conditions, either on a bench
top or in a rack.
The general ambient conditions required at the operating site are as follows:
●The ambient temperature must be in the ranges specified for operation and for
compliance with specifications (see data sheet).
●All fan openings including the rear panel perforations must be unobstructed. The
distance to the wall should be at least 10 cm.
Electrostatic discharge
To avoid damage of electronic components of the DUT and the extension unit, the
operating site must be protected against electrostatic discharge (ESD). ESD is most
likely to occur when you connect or disconnect the extension unit's test ports.
To prevent ESD damage use the wrist strap and grounding cord supplied with the net-
work analyzer and connect yourself to the GND connector at the analyzer's front panel.
For additional information refer to the "Instructions for Electrostatic Discharge Protec-
tion" on the analyzer's documentation CD-ROM.
3.4.3 Bench Top Operation
If the extension unit is operated on a bench top, the surface should be flat.
Stacked Mounting
The R&S ZVAX-TRM is intended to be mounted underneath a R&S ZVA/ZVT. For this
reason the extension unit is delivered with adapters for mechanical fixation, including
longer screws (with washers). The adapters requires mounted front handles on both
the R&S ZVA/ZVT and the R&S ZVAX-TRM.
Putting the Extension Unit into Operation

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Figure 3-3: R&S ZVA67 stacked on top of R&S ZVAX-TRM, units not yet fixed by adapters and screws
1 = front handles
2 = positions for fixing screws
Putting the Extension Unit into Operation