R&S QAR Series User manual

R&S®QAR
Quality Automotive Radome Tester
User Manual
User Manual
Version 04
1178720002
(;ÜÖ02)

This document describes the following R&S®QAR models and options:
●R&S®QAR QAR Panel for reflectivity measurements (1336.6008.02)
●R&S®QAR-Z10 Transmitter Module (1336.5401.02)
●R&S®QAR-Z20 Platform (1336.5418.02)
●R&S®QAR-Z21 Platform for radar positioning measurements (1336.5524.02)
●R&S®QAR-Z30 Calibration set (1336.5430.02)
●R&S®QAR-Z40 Verification kit for radome measurements (1336.5447.02)
●R&S®QAR-Z41 Verification kit for bumper measurements (1336.5499.02)
●R&S®QAR-Z42 Verification kit for radar positioning measurements (1336.5530.02)
●R&S®QAR-Z50 DUT Mounting table (1336.5424.02)
●R&S®QAR-Z60 Reference reflector (1336.5453.02)
●R&S®QAR-Z61 Stand reference reflector (1336.5476.02)
●R&S®QAR-K10 Radome measurements (1336.5501.02)
●R&S®QAR-K60 Bumper measurements (1336.5482.02)
●R&S®QAR-K100 Radar positioning measurements (1336.5518.02)
The document corresponds to the following software versions:
●Radome measurements: 1.3.0.70 or higher
●Bumper measurements: 1.3.0.40 or higher
●Radar positioning measurements: 1.4.0.221 or higher
© 2019 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: [phone] - 0
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1178.7200.02 | Version 04 | R&S®QAR
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, e.g. R&S®QAR is indicated as
R&S QAR.

Contents
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3User Manual 1178.7200.02 ─ 04
Contents
1 Safety Instructions.................................................................................7
2 Documentation Overview......................................................................9
3 R&S QAR Tour......................................................................................10
3.1 Main Power Supply..................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Power Button...............................................................................................................12
3.3 Transmitter Module Control....................................................................................... 13
3.4 Monitor Connectors.................................................................................................... 14
3.5 LAN Interface...............................................................................................................14
3.6 USB Ports.................................................................................................................... 15
4 Preparing for Use.................................................................................16
4.1 Unpacking the R&S QAR............................................................................................16
4.2 Installing the R&S QAR.............................................................................................. 16
4.2.1 Installing the R&S QAR on the Floor.............................................................................17
4.2.2 Installing the R&S QAR on the Platform (R&S QAR-Z20)............................................ 19
4.2.3 Installing the Radome Measurement Elements............................................................ 21
4.2.4 Installing the Bumper Measurement Elements............................................................. 23
4.2.5 Installing the R&S QAR on the Platform (R&S QAR-Z21)............................................ 24
4.3 Connecting the R&S QAR.......................................................................................... 26
4.4 Switching the R&S QAR On and Off..........................................................................27
4.5 Operating System....................................................................................................... 28
4.5.1 Virus Protection.............................................................................................................29
4.5.2 Service Packs and Updates.......................................................................................... 29
4.5.3 User Accounts...............................................................................................................29
5 Operating the R&S QAR...................................................................... 30
5.1 Radome Measurements..............................................................................................30
5.1.1 Test Setup..................................................................................................................... 31
5.1.2 Graphical User Interface............................................................................................... 32
5.1.3 Measurements.............................................................................................................. 34
5.1.4 Configuration.................................................................................................................37
5.1.5 Verification.....................................................................................................................40

Contents
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5.2 Bumper Measurements.............................................................................................. 44
5.2.1 Test Setup..................................................................................................................... 45
5.2.2 Graphical User Interface............................................................................................... 45
5.2.3 Measurements.............................................................................................................. 48
5.2.4 Configuration.................................................................................................................49
5.2.5 Verification.....................................................................................................................51
5.3 Radar Positioning Measurements............................................................................. 53
5.3.1 Test Setup..................................................................................................................... 53
5.3.2 Graphical User Interface............................................................................................... 55
5.3.3 Measurement................................................................................................................ 57
5.3.4 Configuration.................................................................................................................59
5.3.5 Verification.....................................................................................................................63
6 Remote Control - SCPI.........................................................................66
6.1 Remote Control Interface and Protocol.................................................................... 66
6.2 Remote Commands.................................................................................................... 67
6.2.1 Common Commands.................................................................................................... 67
6.2.2 Radome Measurements................................................................................................72
6.2.3 Bumper Measurements.................................................................................................78
7 Remote Control - OPC......................................................................... 81
7.1 OPC Variables..............................................................................................................81
7.1.1 From PLC Communication............................................................................................82
7.1.2 To PLC Communication................................................................................................ 83
7.1.3 Variables Data Types.................................................................................................... 85
7.2 Device States...............................................................................................................86
7.3 Timing Diagram........................................................................................................... 87
7.4 Error Handling............................................................................................................. 88
7.4.1 Initialization Errors.........................................................................................................88
7.4.2 Measurement Errors..................................................................................................... 89
8 Maintenance......................................................................................... 91
8.1 Cleaning Information.................................................................................................. 91

Contents
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8.2 Software Update..........................................................................................................92
Glossary................................................................................................93
Index......................................................................................................95

Contents
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Safety Instructions
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1 Safety Instructions
The R&S QAR Quality Automotive Radome Tester is manufactured according to the
highest technical standards. To use the scanner safely, follow the instructions provided
here and throughout the product documentation. Keep the documentation nearby and
offer it to other users.
Use the R&S QAR only as intended and within its performance limits. The limits are
described in the product documentation, such as the data sheet, manuals and this bro-
chure. If you are unsure about the appropriate use, contact the Rohde & Schwarz cus-
tomer service.
Using the R&S QAR requires specialists or specially trained personnel. The operators
also need sound knowledge of at least one of the languages in which the user interface
and the product documentation are available.
If any part of the product is damaged or broken, stop using the product. Never open
the casing of the R&S QAR or its components. Only service personnel authorized by
Rohde & Schwarz are allowed to repair the product.
Lifting, carrying and installing the R&S QAR
The R&S QAR is heavy and can cause physical injuries when it falls or tips over.
The R&S QAR must be installed and set up by trained staff. When you carry, lift or
move the R&S QAR, use the carrying handles on the back side of the R&S QAR. Dur-
ing the installation, make sure that the installation site is only accessible to people
working on the installation. Hold the R&S QAR into position until all screws are tight to
prevent it from falling over.
Because of its weight, at least two strong people are required to move or install the
R&S QAR.
If you have to move the pallet the R&S QAR is delivered on, always use a forklift.
During transport, installation or repair, wear appropriate protective clothing that com-
plies with your local rules and regulations. If you are unsure of which equipment to use,
ask your safety inspector.
We recommend to wear:
●Safety shoes with toe cap and ESD protection.
●Protective gloves
ESD protected shoes and gloves also protect the hardware from being damaged.
Choosing the operating site
Use the R&S QAR only indoors. The R&S QAR is not waterproof and water that enters
can electrically connect the casing with live parts. This can lead to electric shock, seri-
ous personal injury or death if you touch the casing.
For more information on environmental operating conditions, such as ambient temper-
ature, and humidity, see the data sheet.

Safety Instructions
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Installing cables
A R&S QAR installation consisting of the R&S QAR, monitor and transmitter module
requires cable connections (power cables, LAN cables etc.). Make sure to secure all
cables on the floor and cover them up.
Loose cables are a tripping hazard. Tripping on cables can cause physical injuries.
Properly covered cables also minimize the risk of cable damage.
Supplying the R&S QAR with power
Always complete all connections (LAN, USB etc.) before connecting the R&S QAR to
the power supply. Otherwise, the R&S QAR can get damaged.
You can connect the R&S QAR to the power distribution system normally used to sup-
ply energy-consuming equipment, such as household appliances and similar loads.
Electrically powered products have risks, such as electric shock, fire, personal injury or
even death.
Take the following measures for your safety:
●Only use the power cable delivered with the R&S QAR. It complies with country-
specific safety requirements. Only insert the plug into an approved grounded outlet.
●For components that need an external AC adapter, only use the one that is deliv-
ered with the components.
●Only use intact cables and route them carefully so that they cannot be damaged.
Check the power cables regularly to ensure that they are undamaged.
●If the voltage or frequency is higher than 230 V or 50 Hz, the leakage current of the
R&S QAR can be above the limits. In that case, a protective ground connection
must be established for each panel before connecting them to the power supply.
●Only connect the R&S QAR to supply networks with a fuse protection of maximum
20 A.
●Ensure that you can disconnect the product from the power supply at any time. Pull
the power plug to disconnect the product. The power plug must be easily accessi-
ble.
Meaning of safety labels
Safety labels on the product warn against potential risks.
Potential hazard
Read the product documentation to avoid personal injury or product damage.
Electrical hazard
Indicates live parts. Risk of electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Protective conductor terminal
Connect this terminal to a grounded external conductor or to protective ground. This protects
you against electric shock should an electric problem occur.

Documentation Overview
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2 Documentation Overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S QAR user documentation.
User manual
Contains a description of the R&S QAR system, including the features available in the
R&S QAR software. The printed user manual is part of the delivery.
Service manual
Contains information about checking the rated specifications, module replacement and
repair, software update and troubleshooting.
Safety instructions
Contains safety instructions, operating conditions and further important information.
The printed safety instructions are part of the delivery.
Data sheet and brochure
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S QAR, its options and
accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the R&S QAR and its characteristics.
Open-source acknowledgment (OSA)
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software. The OSA is integrated in the software ("Info" > "Open
Source Acknowledgement").

R&S QAR Tour
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3 R&S QAR Tour
The R&S QAR is a millimeter wave imaging system operating in the frequency band of
automotive radar sensors. With its support of spatially resolved reflection and transmis-
sion loss measurements, the R&S QAR provides an intuitive and powerful way to eval-
uate how radomes and bumpers influence the radar performance.
The R&S QAR consists of a panel that contains the measuring electronics like trans-
mitting and receiving antennas. It also contains a PC with dedicated software to oper-
ate and control the measurements.
●Radome measurements
The basic configuration enables you to measure the reflection of a radome.
The high resolution of the resulting images enables you to identify even the small-
est disturbance in the radome. The R&S QAR uses the frequency range between
72 GHz and 82 GHz. Therefore, any faults visible in the millimeter wave image
directly correlate to the performance of the radome in combination with a radar
sensor.
An optional transmitter module (R&S QAR-Z10) extends the functionality of the
R&S QAR to measure the transmission loss of a radome.
Additional equipment like an optional platform (R&S QAR-Z20) on which you can
mount the R&S QAR, or a table for the device under test (DUT mounting table,
R&S QAR-Z50) are also available.
●Bumper measurements
An optional reference reflector (R&S QAR-Z60) is available to measure the mean
transmission loss (attenuation) caused by a bumper.
The reflector measures the attenuation in 102 points and therefore enables you to
evaluate the homogeneity of the bumper painting and its overall radar penetrability.
●Radar positioning measurements
The basic configuration enables you to measure the position of the radar in the car
and compare it with the theoretical position indicated in the manufacturer's CAD
files.
You can set acceptance limits and verify in a few seconds if the radar is correctly
positioned.
Additional equipment like an optional platform (R&S QAR-Z21) on which you can
mount the R&S QAR, or a verification set (R&S QAR-Z42) are also available.
Parts of delivery
●1 x R&S QAR
●2 x supports
●1 x power cable
Required equipment to run measurements
●Monitor (with DVI cable)
The monitor should have a resolution of at least 1650 x 1050 (we recommend
1920 x 1200).
●USB Keyboard

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●USB Mouse
Connectors
The R&S QAR has several connectors on its back side.
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Figure 3-1: Connectors
1 = AC inlet and main power switch
2 = Ground terminal
3 = Transmitter module control
4 = Power supply for a monitor (including 2 fuses)
5 = LAN interface
6 = Display connector (DVI)
7 = USB ports (4x)
8 = Power button
3.1 Main Power Supply
The AC inlet and main power switch are located on the back of the R&S QAR.
The power cable to connect the panel to the power supply is part of the delivery.
Main Power Supply

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For more information about supplying the panel with power, see Chapter 4.4, "Switch-
ing the R&S QAR On and Off", on page 27.
Circuit breaker
The main power switch contains an RCD (residual-current device) that protects the
internal power circuit of the R&S QAR. If the RCD detects electrical anomalies, it will
switch off automatically the R&S QAR.
Protective ground connection
Depending on the voltage and frequency of the main power supply, you need to estab-
lish a protective ground connection.
●200 V to 230 V AC and 50 Hz
No additional protective ground needed.
●230 V to 240 V AC or a frequency greater than 50 Hz
Additional protective ground needed.
For the separate protective ground, you need a green/yellow ground wire with a
cross section of at least 4 mm2 in addition to the main protective earthing terminal.
The ground wire must be connected permanently to the ground terminal on the
side of each R&S QAR panel and earth.
The ground terminal is located on the back of the scanner. Connect the terminal to
the protective grounding system of the building or room where the scanner is
installed.
If the voltage drops to 70 % for 500 ms, a reboot occurs
Figure 3-2: Ground bolt
Risk of electric shock
If the voltage is greater than 230 V or the frequency is greater than 50 Hz, the leakage
current of the R&S QAR can be above the limits and therefore cause an electric shock.
In that case, a protective ground connection must be established before connecting the
R&S QAR to the main power supply.
3.2 Power Button
The power button is located on the back of the R&S QAR. Use it to switch the
R&S QAR on and off.
Power Button

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Figure 3-3: Power button
For more information about switching the R&S QAR on and off, see Chapter 4.4,
"Switching the R&S QAR On and Off", on page 27.
3.3 Transmitter Module Control
The connectors for the optional transmitter module for transmission loss measure-
ments are located on the back of the R&S QAR.
Transmitter control
The "External Transmitter Control" connector controls the transmitter module.
RF out
The "RF Out" connector (SMA) outputs the signal for the transmission measurement.
Tighten the connector (torque 0.6Nm).
Required tools:
●Torque wrench (R&S order number 0041.1218.00).
Risk of instrument damage
Do not feed a DC or RF signal into the RF output, because it is specified as an output
only. Otherwise, the R&S QAR can get damaged.
Transmitter Module Control

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3.4 Monitor Connectors
A DVI interface and power supply (AC outlet) for a monitor are located on the back
side of the R&S QAR. Use them to connect an external monitor to operate the
R&S QAR.
Figure 3-4: DVI interface
Fuses F1 and F2
Two fuses of the same type (1 A, designation: EN 60127-2/5 T1H250V) are located
above the AC outlet. In case of defects, check both fuses.
Replacing a fuse
1. Disconnect the R&S QAR from the power supply.
2. Open the fuse holder by turning it counterclockwise, for example with a screw-
driver.
3. Replace the fuse.
4. Close the fuse holder.
3.5 LAN Interface
The R&S QAR provides a LAN interface on the back of the R&S QAR. Use it to inte-
grate the R&S QAR into a local network.
Figure 3-5: LAN interface
LAN Interface

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3.6 USB Ports
The R&S QAR provides 4 USB ports on the back side. The two top ports are USB 3.0
type A. The two bottom ports are USB 2.0 type A.
They offer multiple uses:
●Connection of a keyboard to operate the R&S QAR.
●Connection of a mouse to operate the R&S QAR.
●Connection of a memory stick (for example to update the software).
Figure 3-6: USB port (one of four)
USB Ports

Preparing for Use
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4 Preparing for Use
Before you can use the R&S QAR, install it and connect the devices as described in
the next subchapters.
●Unpacking the R&S QAR........................................................................................16
●Installing the R&S QAR...........................................................................................16
●Connecting the R&S QAR.......................................................................................26
●Switching the R&S QAR On and Off....................................................................... 27
●Operating System................................................................................................... 28
4.1 Unpacking the R&S QAR
1. Remove the cardboard box carefully.
2. Remove the wooden supporting elements.
3. Lift the R&S QAR off the pallet using the handles attached to the R&S QAR.
Shipping the R&S QAR
We recommend using the original packaging if the R&S QAR has to be shipped.
4.2 Installing the R&S QAR
Using the R&S QAR requires you to install it firmly to some kind of support fixture in
order to prevent it from toppling over. You can install the R&S QAR in different ways,
depending on the equipment you have bought.
If you would like to use a fixture different to those described here, contact
Rohde & Schwarz.
Required tools
Here is a complete list of tools you need for installation on the platform and the installa-
tion of the DUT mounting table and the transmitter module.
●Allen wrench size 5 (for screws ISO 10642 M8x20)
●Allen wrench size 6 (for screws ISO 4762 M8x40)
●Allen wrench size 10 (for screws ISO 4762 M12x55)
●Torx wrench size TX20
●Open-end wrench size 19
●Spirit level
●Torque wrench
●Power drill (for floor installation only)
Installing the R&S QAR

Preparing for Use
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●Anchor bolts size 12 mm, for example a Fischer FAZ II 12 (for floor installation
only)
●Installing the R&S QAR on the Floor.......................................................................17
●Installing the R&S QAR on the Platform (R&S QAR-Z20)...................................... 19
●Installing the Radome Measurement Elements...................................................... 21
●Installing the Bumper Measurement Elements....................................................... 23
●Installing the R&S QAR on the Platform (R&S QAR-Z21)...................................... 24
4.2.1 Installing the R&S QAR on the Floor
You can install the R&S QAR on the floor or on the optional platform. When you do not
use the platform, the R&S QAR must be attached to the floor.
Required tools:
●Allen wrench size 5 (for screws ISO 10642 M8x20)
●Allen wrench size 6 (for screws ISO 4762 M8x40)
●Power drill
●Anchor bolts size 12 mm, for example a Fischer FAZ II 12.
The anchor bolts and power drill are not part of the delivery.
If you have one of the the optional platforms, see:
●Chapter 4.2.2, "Installing the R&S QAR on the Platform (R&S QAR-Z20)",
on page 19
●Chapter 4.2.5, "Installing the R&S QAR on the Platform (R&S QAR-Z21)",
on page 24
1. Drill 4 holes into the ground.
The locations of the drill holes and distances between each other are indicated in
Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1: Location and distances of drill holes
Installing the R&S QAR

Preparing for Use
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A = Drill hole location for R&S QAR
B = Drill hole location for DUT mounting table
Whenever you lift, move or carry the R&S QAR, use the handles on its back side.
2. Screw the two supports to the side of the R&S QAR with two socket head screws
(ISO 10642 M8x20, Allen wrench size 5) on each side of the R&S QAR (see Fig-
ure 4-2).
Figure 4-2: R&S QAR installation, including support installation
3. Screw the two supports to the R&S QAR with the socket head screws (ISO 4762
M8x40, Allen wrench size 6) on each side of the R&S QAR (see Figure 4-2).
Installing the R&S QAR

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Figure 4-3: Support installation (top view)
4. Lift the R&S QAR into a stable position and in a right angle to the floor.
5. Secure the R&S QAR by screwing the two supports to the floor.
The drill holes in the floor define the position of the supports. Two anchor bolts with
a size of 12 mm secure each support.
Make sure that all screws are screwed on tightly.
4.2.2 Installing the R&S QAR on the Platform (R&S QAR-Z20)
Required tools:
●Allen wrench size 5 (for screws ISO 10642 M8x20)
●Allen wrench size 6 (for screws ISO 4762 M8x40)
●Allen wrench size 10 (for screws ISO 4762 M12x55)
●Open-end wrench size 19
●Spirit level.
Installing the platform
1. Place the platform on a stable and horizontal surface that can support the weight of
the R&S QAR.
2. Check with a spirit level if the platform itself is level.
3. If necessary, remove any irregularities by adjusting the height of the feet until the
platform is level.
● A clockwise movement lowers the corresponding platform area.
Installing the R&S QAR

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● A counterclockwise movement raises the corresponding platform area.
4. Tighten the feet with the check nuts using the open-end wrench.
Figure 4-4: Platform alignment
Mounting the R&S QAR
When the platform is in place, you can mount the R&S QAR on the platform.
Whenever you lift, move or carry the R&S QAR, use the handles on its back side.
1. Screw the two supports to the R&S QAR with two socket head screws (size 5) on
each side of the R&S QAR (see Figure 4-5).
Figure 4-5: R&S
QAR installation, including support mounting
Installing the R&S QAR