Schäfter+Kirchhoff SK12240U3KOC-LB User manual

© 2020-03 E[email protected] www.SuKHamburg.com
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SK12240U3KOC-LB
Color Line Scan Camera
4080 x 3 pixels 10 x 10 µm², line frequency up to 4.80 kHz
Instruction Manual
SK12240U3KOC-LB
3
2
Sample Configuration
1CCD line scan camera
SK12240U3KOC-LB
mounted with
2Mounting bracket SK5105-L
3Clamping claws SK5101
4Focus adapter FA22R-45 (two-piece),
facilitates adjustment of any rotation angle
5Enlarging lens Apo-Rodagon N 4.0/80
5
4
1
400 500 700 800600
Wavelength (nm)
0
Responsitivity
(V/mJ/cm2)
100
0.0
1.0
400 500 600
Wavelength (nm)
Relative sensitvity
color
Color line scan camera (Triple-Line) with 3 x 4080 RGB pixels, 4.8 kHz maximum line rate,
anti blooming and integration control.

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How to Use this Instruction Manual
Electricity Warning
Assembly and initial operation of the line scan camera must be carried out under dry
conditions.
Do not operate the camera if you notice any condensation or moisture in order to avoid danger
of a short circuit or static discharge!
Risk of High Power Lighting
According to the application, laser or high power LED light sources might be used. These can
affect your eyesight temporarily or even cause permanent damage to the eyes or skin.
Do not look directly into the light beam!
Mechanics Warning
Ensure that the motion device and the scan way is free to move and that no obstacles are in
the way.
Do not place any part of the body in the way of moving parts!
Line scan cameras are mostly used in combination with a motion device such as a translation
stage, a conveyer or a rotational drive, as well as with high intensity light sources.
For assembly close down these devices whenever possible. Beyond that, please consider the
following warnings:
Safety Warnings
Please read the following sections of this Instruction Manual before unpacking, assembly or use
of the Line Camera System:
The safety warnings on this page
Introduction to the system, page 4
Installation and Setup, page 6
Keep this Instruction Manual in a safe place for future reference.
!

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Contents
How to Use this Instruction Manual 2
Safety Warnings 2
Contents 3
1 Introduction  ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 4
1.1 Intended Purpose and Overview 4
1.2 System Setup at a Glance 4
1.3 Computer System Requirements 5
1.4 SK12240U3KOC-LB Line Scan Camera - Specifications 5
2 Installation and Setup ������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6
2.1 Mechanical Installation: Dimensions, Mounting Options, and Heat Dissipation 6
2.2 Electrical Installation: Connections and I/O Signals 7
2.3 USB3 Connections and SkLineScan Software Installation 8
SkLineScan Installation and Automatic Camera Driver Installation 8
SkLineScan Start-up 8
Camera Setup 8
Initial Function Test 9
3 Camera Control and Performing a Scan  �������������������������������������������������������� 10
3.1 Software: SkLineScan 10
Function Overview: SkLineScan Toolbar 10
Visualization of the Sensor Output 11
3.2 Adjustments for Optimum Scan Results 12
Lens Focussing 12
Sensor Alignment 13
Gain/Offset Adjustment 13
White Balance and Shading Correction 14
Optimum brightness adjustment, Integration Time 17
Synchronization of the Image Acquisition with the Feed Rate of the Object 18
Synchronization Modes 19
RGB Sensors: 2D Imaging and Pixel Allocation 21
4 Advanced Camera Control Functions  ����������������������������������������������������������� 22
4.1 Camera Control by Commands 22
Set Commands 23
Request Commands 23
4.2 Advanced Synchronization Control 24
Advanced Trigger Functions and Sync Control Register (SCR) Settings 24
Example Timing Diagrams 25
5 Sensor Information �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 26
Glossary 31
CE-Conformity 33
Warranty 33
Accessories 34

Introduction
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The SK line scan camera series is designed for a wide
range of vision and inspection applications in industrial
and scientific environments. The SK12240U3KOC-LB
is highly portable and the robustly attached dedicated
connections enable external synchronization of the
camera and the output of data to the USB 3.0 port of
the computer.
The USB 3.0 connection supplies power to the camera
and the camera is hot-pluggable, providing the greatest
degree of flexibility and mobility. The computer does not
require a grabber board, allowing a laptop to be used
when space or weight restrictions are also at a premium.
Once the camera driver and the SkLineScan®program
have been loaded from the SK91USB3-WIN CD then the
camera can be parameterized. The parameters, such
as integration time, synchronization mode or shading
correction, are permanently stored in the camera even
after a power-down or disconnection from the PC.
The oscilloscope display in the SkLineScan®program
can be used to adjust the focus and aperture settings, for
evaluating field-flattening of the lens and for orientation
of the illumination and the sensor, see 3.1 Software:
SkLineScan (p. 10).
1 Introduction
1.1 Intended Purpose and Overview
red: SK12240U3KOC-LB scope of delivery
blue: accessories for minimum system configuration
black: optional accessories
For accessory order details see Accessories (p. 32).
1.2 System Setup at a Glance
Motion unit
with encoder
Synchronization cable
USB cable
Computer
Schäfter + Kirchhoff
USB 3.0 camera driver
Schäfter + Kirchhoff
Software Development Kit
Schäfter+Kirchhoff
VI library for LabVIEW®
Power supply cable
Power supply unit
Line scan camera
Clamping claw
Mounting bracket
Optics (e. g. lens,
focus adapter,
tube extension ring)

Sensor category CCD Color Sensor
Sensor type KLI-4104
Pixel number 4080 x 3
Pixel size (width x height) 10 x 10 µm2
Pixel spacing 10 µm
Line spacing, line sequence 90 µm, green (G) - red (R) - blue (B)
Active sensor length 40.8 mm
Anti-blooming x
Integration control x
Shading correction x
Line synchronization modes Line Sync, Line Start, Exposure Start, Exposure Active
Frame synchronization x
Pixel frequency 60 / 30 MHz
Maximum line frequency 4.80 kHz
Integration time 0.01 ... 20 ms
Dynamic range 1:2500 (rms)
Spectral range 400 ... 700 nm
Video signal color 8/12 Bit digital
Interface USB 3.0
Voltage 5V DC (1.1A)
Power consumption 5.5 W
Casing Ø65 mm x 53.7 mm (Case type AT3L)
Objective mount M45x0.75
Flange focal length 19.5 mm
Weight 0.2 kg
Permissible casing temperature +5 ... +45°C
Introduction
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1.3 Computer System Requirements
1.4 SK12240U3KOC-LB Line Scan Camera - Specifications
Introduction
The camera must be mounted thermally coupled
so that the acceptable casing temperature is not
exceeded during operation. Therefore applies to the
thermal resistance of the bracket or heat sink:
θamb - θcasing
RthHS ≤
Pcamera
where
RthHS [K/W] = thermal resistance of the bracket or heat
sink
θamb [°C] = ambient temperature
θcasing [°C] = temperature of the camera casing (not
to be confused with the internal camera
temperature that is queried and output
with the request command I32)
Pcamera [W] = camera power consumption
1) This camera is USB 2.0 downward compatible with the following limitation:
When connected to a USB 2.0 interface, the pixel data transfer rate is limited to 20 MByte/s and the line frequency is
limited accordingly.
2) The maximum power supplied by an USB 3.0 interface is 4.5 Watt. This is sufficient up to a pixel frequency of 60MHz.
When operated at 100 MHz pixel frequency or when connected to an USB2.0 interface an external 5 V DC power supply
unit is required (see section Accessories).
2)
2)
1)
• Intel Pentium Dual Core or AMD equivalent
• RAM min. 4 GB, depending on the size of acquired
images
• USB 3.0 interface. With a USB 2.0 interface, there
are limitations, see footer.
• High-performance video card, PCIe bus
• Operating Systems:
Windows 7 / 8.1 / 10 (64 or 32-bit) or
Linux kernel 3.13 or higher

Installation and Setup
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2 Installation and Setup
2.1 Mechanical Installation: Dimensions, Mounting Options, and Heat Dissipation
Casing type AT3L
Mounting Options
When mounting the camera, pay attention to the
following:
• Mechanical stability to avoid vibrations.
• Good thermal coupling for cooling the housing.
The power consumption and the maximum
housing temperature of the camera are specified
in section 1.4 - Specifications.
The best fixing point of the camera is the collar for
the mounting bracket SK5105-L (available as an
accessory).
Four threaded holes M3x 6.5 mm provide further
options for customized brackets.
The length and weight of the optics might be beyond
the capability of the standard mounting bracket
SK5105-L. For this purpose, a second mounting
bracket type SK5105-2L to hold the tube extension
ring(s) is more appropriate.
Optics Handling
• If the camera and the optics are ordered as a kit,
the components are pre-assembled and shipped
as one unit. Keep the protective cap on the lens
until the mechanical installation is finished.
• If you must expose the sensor or lens surface,
ensure the environment is as dust-free as
possible.
• Gently blow off loose particles using clean
compressed air.
• The sensor and lens surfaces can be cleaned with
a soft tissue moistened with water or a water-
based glass cleaner.
Mounting bracket SK5105-L
Mounting system SK5105-2L
for cameras with a tube
extension > 52 mm
Clamping set SK5101
Set of 4 pcs. clamping claws incl. hex
socket screws (EN ISO 4762–M3x12)
66
10 10
36
M3 Ø3.3
6
50.3
41.7
Ø 47.5
50
20 16.5
3.5
6.5
Ø4.3
15 M4
1/4’’ 20G
40
63
70
6
36
Ø 47.5
70
3.5 31.5
25
10
3.5
70
63
40
1/4’’20G
M4
Ø4.3

1
3
2
Installation and Setup
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2.2 Electrical Installation: Connections and I/O Signals
All Schäfter+Kirchhoff USB3.0 line scan cameras can be operated with a USB 2.0 interface. Note that there might be
limitations in terms of the maximum data transfer rate. The details for your camera can be found in section 1.4 Line
Scan Camera - Specifications (p. 5).
If the power consumption of the camera exceeds 4.5 Watt (USB3.0) or 2.5 Watt (USB 2.0), then connect an external
source to socket 2.
Installation and Setup
Accessories (see also Accessories (p. 36)):
Combined Synchronization and Power Cable SK9016.1.5
Use this cable to feed external synchronization signals and supply voltage into socket 2.
Connectors:
Hirose plug HR10A, female 6pin (camera side)
Lumberg SV60, male 6-pin connector (for supply voltage)
Phoenix 6 pin connector incl. terminal block (for synchronization signals)
Standard length 1.5m
Power Cable SK9015.xMF
Use this cable to feed external supply voltage into socket 2.
Connectors:
Hirose plug HR10A, female 6pin (camera side)
Lumberg SV60, male 6-pin connector (for supply voltage)
Length 1.5 m (standard) or 0.2 m
USB 3.0 cable SK9020.3
For connecting socket 1with the PC or USB hub. Standard length 3.0 m
Power Supply Unit PS051515
Input: 100-240 VAC, 0.8 A, 50/60 Hz IEC 320 C14 coupler
(for IEC C13 power cord)
Output: +5V DC, 2.5 A / +15 V DC, 0.5 A / -15 V DC, 0.3 A
Cable length 1 m, with Lumberg connector KV60, female 6-pin
(for power cable SK9015.x or SK9016.x)
2
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1112
2
1
3
4
5
6
Synchronization and power *
Power: 5.5 W
Socket: Hirose series 10A, male 6-pin
2
Pin Signal Pin Signal
1Line Sync B 4+5 V *
2+15 V * 5Line Sync A
3Frame Sync 6GND
* from external power supply unit
Line Sync A/B and Frame Sync: TTL levels
3Status indicator
off no power, check connection to the external power
supply unit
red power on
green power on, firmware is loaded, camera is ready
• The USB 3.0 interface provides data transfer, camera control and power supply capabilities to the
SK12240U3KOC-LB line scan camera. The operating power can also be fed into socket 2. This is only
mandatory when the camera is operated at 60 MHz or when it is connected to an USB 2.0 interface.
• If you want to operate the camera in FREE RUN trigger mode the connection is completed with the USB 3.0
cable provided the power supply is ensured.
• For any kind of synchronized operation the external trigger signal(s) have to be wired to socket 2in addition.
A frame synchronization signal and two separate line synchronization signals can be handled. The various
trigger modes are particularly described in section Synchronization of the Image Acquisition with the Feed
Rate of the Object (p. 18)
1Data and power
USB 3.0 socket type µB with threaded holes for locking screws

Installation and Setup
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2.3 USB3 Connections and SkLineScan Software Installation
This section is a quick reference for installing the SkLineScan adjustment and configuration software and
to set up the USB3 camera driver. SkLineScan and the SkLineScan manual is provided for download on the
Schäfter + Kirchhoff website under http://www.sukhamburg.com/support.html. It is also part of the fee-based
software development kit SK91USB3-WIN.
Step 1: Install SkLineScan. The setup program will
automatically install the Schaefter+Kirchhoff
USB3 Line Scan Camera Driver.
Step 2: Plug in the USB3 connection cable to the
camera. if appropriate switch on the external
power supply.
Step 3: Start the SkLineScan program.
SkLineScan Installation and Automatic Camera Driver Installation
Prior to the installation, power on the PC (not the camera) and unpack the downloaded zip-file to a temporary
folder. Alternatively, if your installation medium is a CD, insert the disk to the drive.
The autostart function may launch the setup program automatically from CD. Otherwise, look for one of these
installation files:
SkLineScan-USB3-Win_x64.msi SK91USB3-Win_x64.msi
SkLineScan-USB3-Win_x86.msi SK91USB3-Win_x86.msi
Then start the applicable installation file manually. This will set up the Schäfter+Kirchhoff SkLineScan camera
control and adjustment tool as well as the USB3 Line Scan Camera Driver.
SkLineScan Start-up
• Start SkLineScan.
• A start-up dialog box pops up and
displays the connected camera(s) that
have been automatically detected. It
also indicates the active USB standard. The optimum
performance is provided by USB3.0.
• The camera LED changes from red to green color light.
Desktop Icon
Camera Setup
Use the Setup dialog for
• activating/deactivating a connected USB3 camera
(activated device is ticked)
• changing the pixel frequency
• setting the bit depth of the video signal to 8 or 12-bit
In USB 2.0 mode the lower pixel frequency and 8-bit video
signal is recommended SkLineScan Setup dialog
Installation and Setup

Installation and Setup
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Initial Function Test
• Quit the SkLineScan startup dialog
box.
• Select "OK" in the SkLineScan
start-up dialog.
The Signal Window showing the current
brightness versus the pixel number
indicates the correct installation.

Camera Control and Performing a Scan
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3 Camera Control and Performing a Scan
3.1 Software: SkLineScan
This section is a brief introduction to the SkLineScan adjustment and configuration software. A more detailed
description is provided in the separate SkLineScan manual. The pdf is included in the SkLineScan installation
package or is available for download from the Schäfter + Kirchhoff website under http://www.sukhamburg.com/
supporte.html.
Detailed instructions on how to obtain optimal image data and use the data with the Schäfter+Kirchhoff
software package can be found in the SkLineScan Software Manual.
The most common functions of the line scan camera can be controlled by menu items and dialog boxes.
In the "Camera Gain / Offset Control" dialog there is a command line for entering further control commands.
Click on the desktop icon to start the SkLineScan
program.
The SkLineScan program recognizes the connected line
scan cameras automatically. The identified cameras are
shown in the start-up dialog A.
If the SK12240U3KOC-LB camera is identified
correctly, confirm with "OK". The "Signal window"
graphicaly showing the intensity signals of the sensor
pixels (oscilloscope display) will open. It is responsive
in real-time and the zoom function can be used to
highlight an area of interest. The oscilloscope display is
ideally suited for parameterizing the camera, for evalu-
ating object illumination, for focussing the image or for
aligning the line scan camera correctly.
Function Overview: SkLineScan Toolbar
Platzhalter für Grafiken in anderen Ebenen
New line scan. All open "Signal window" windows will be closed. [F2]
"Camera Control" dialog for parameter settings: integration time, line frequency, synchronization
mode, thresholding
Zooming in and out
New line scan. "Area Scan" windows will be closed, "Signal window" windows will remain open. [F2]
Threshold mode in new binary signal window.
"Shading Correction" dialog to adjust the white balance [Alt+ s]
"Gain/Offset Control" dialog, also for commands input [Shif+F4]
New area scan
SkLineScan: Toolbar
SkLineScan: Start-up dialog
A

Camera Control and Performing a Scan
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Visualization of the Sensor Output
• Signal Window / Oscilloscope Display
The signal window plots the digitalized brightness profile as signal intensity (y-axis) versus the sensor length (x-axis)
at a high refresh rate. The scaling of the y-axis depends on the resolution of the A/D converter: The scale range is
from 0 to 255 for 8-bits and from 0 to 4095 for 12-bits. The scaling of the x-axis corresponds with the number of
pixels in the line sensor.
Platzhalter für Grafiken in anderen Ebenen
• Zoom Function
With a high number of sensor pixels, details are lost due to the limited number of display pixels. With the zoom
function you select a part of the sensor for the detailed display. The possible magnification ranges up to the repre-
sentation of the intensity signal of individual pixels.
• Window Split Function
The signal window can be divided horizontally into two areas. Use the slider Bat the top of the vertical scroll bar.
If you then use the zoom function in one frame, the selected section in the other frame will be highlighted in yellow.
Platzhalter für Grafiken in anderen Ebenen
Line scan in Signal
Window: brightness
vs. pixel number
B
Line scan in split
signal window: The
upper frame shows
an enlarged section
of the lower frame.

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Camera Control and Performing a Scan
3.2 Adjustments for Optimum Scan Results
•Lens focussing
•Sensor alignment
•Gain/Offset
•Shading correction
•Integration time
•Synchronization of the sensor exposure
and the object surface velocity, trigger
mode options.
Prior to a scan, the following adjustments and parameter settings should be considered for optimum
scan signals:
Start with the signal window / oscilloscope display. Any changes in the optical system or camera
parameters are displayed in real-time when using an open dialog box.
Lens Focussing
The real time Signal Window facilitates the effective focussing of the line scan camera system, even for
two-dimensional measurement tasks. For determining the correct focus, the edge steepness at dark-bright transi-
tions and the modulation of the line scan signal are the most important factors.
Adjust the focus with the aperture fully open to limit the depth of field and enhance the effects of changing the
working distance.
If the sensor is overloaded when the aperture is fully open, the easiest way to reduce the signal amplitude is to
shorten the integration time, as described in section Optimum brightness adjustment, Integration Time (p.
17).
Out-of-focus:
• Low edge steepness
• Signal peaks are blurred
• High spatial frequencies with low modulation depth
Optimum focus:
• Dark-bright transitions with steep edges
• Large modulation in the signal peaks
• High spatial frequencies with high modulation depth
steep edges
high modulation
depth
low modulation depth
low edge steepness

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Sensor Alignment
If you are using a linear light source, check the alignment of the light source and sensor before shading correction,
as rotating the line sensor will result in asymmetric vignetting.
Sensor and line lighting slightly twisted in
relation to each other, asymmetric vignetting
Sensor and line lighting aligned in parallel,
symmetric vignetting
Gain/Offset Adjustment
The cameras are supplied with factory-set gain/offset. Open the "Gain/Offset Control" dialog to adjust these
settings.
Platzhalter für Grafik und Text in anderen Ebenen
Adjustment principle
1. Offset
To adjust the zero baseline of the video signal, totally
block the incident light and enter "00" (volts) for
channel 1.
For a two- or multi-channel sensor, minimize any diffe-
rences between the channels by adjusting the other
Offset sliders.
A slight signal noise should be visible in the zero
baseline.
2. Gain
Illuminate the sensor with a slight overexposure in order
to identify the maximum clipping. Use the Gain slider
"1" to adjust the maximum output voltage.
For a two- or multi-channel sensor, minimize any diffe-
rences between the channels by adjusting the other
Gain sliders.
For the full 8-bit resolution of the camera, the maximum
output voltage is set to 255 and for 12-bit is set to
4095.
Offset
and gain
adjustment
for more than
one gain/
offset channel
2. Adjust the gain of channel 1.
Minimize the difference
between the channels with
the other gain controls.
1. Adjust the zero level of
channel 1. Minimize the
difference between the
channels using the other
Offset controls.
The gain/offset dialog contains up to 6 sliders for altering gain and offset. The number of active sliders depends
on the individual number of adjustable gain/offset channels of the camera. If "Coupled Gain Channels" is checked,
all channels are set synchronously with one slider.
Enter commands for advanced software functions in the 'Camera Control' field (see page 10).
Gain/Offset
Control dialog

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Shading Correction compensates for non-uniform illumination and lens vignetting, as well as any differences in
pixel sensitivity. The signal from a white homogeneous background is obtained and used as a reference to correct
each pixel of the sensor with an individual factor. The result is a leveled signal along the full sensor length. A
shading correction with a balanced RGB sensitivity ensures a natural color reading. The reference signal is stored
in the Shading Correction Memory (SCM) of the camera and subsequent scans are normalized using the scale
factors from this white reference.
Step 1: White Balancing
• Use a homogeneous white object, e.g. a white sheet of paper, to acquire the RGB line signals.
Color line signal with separated RGB curves
White Balancing by Gain Adjustment
• Open the "Gain/Offset Control" dialog. Use the gain sliders to adjust all three curves to the same level. Some
camera models provide two gain/offset channels - thus two sliders - per color.
"Gain/Offset Control" Dialog
Camera Control and Performing a Scan
White Balance and Shading Correction

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White Balancing by Individual Integration Time Control
In some circumstances, it is not possible to adjust the white
balance using the gain setting because of:
• dynamic limitations from a very intensive or weak illumination,
• undesired changes in noise level.
For such situations, an individual adjustment of integration times for the Red, Green, and Blue channels is
available, for a general description of the integration time adjustment, see section Optimum brightness
adjustment, Integration Time (p. 17).
Check that the weakest color signal is higher
than about 70%. If necessary, adjust the
line frequency or the illumination intensity
accordingly.
Tick the box "Decoupling LF" Ain the "Camera
Control" dialog.
Reduce the integration times for the two color
channels with the higher signals in order to align
the Red, Green and Blue channels to the same
level.
The Red channel is adjusted using the slider
"Exposure Time". B
For the Green and Blue channels, enter the
exposure time into the respective boxes. C
Color line signal with the Red signal adjusted to that of the Blue channel; the Green channel is still separate
Color line signal with balanced RGB curves
A
B
C
This approach is only available for
camera models providing Integ-
ration Control function, see camera
specifications page 5.

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a) Using a white homogeneous
background
• Open the Shading Correction dialog
(Alt+s).
Use the entries in the left column to obtain
shading correction reference data from a
white homogeneous background.
• Use a homogeneous white object to
acquire the reference data, e.g. a white
sheet of paper.
• Either take a 2-dimensional scan ("Area
Scan Function" [F3] ) or
use a single line signal that was averaged
over a number of single line scans.
• To suppress any influence from the surface
structure, move the imaged object during
the image acquisition.
• Input the scale range:
Minimum in %: intensity values lower than
“Minimum” will not be changed.
A typical appropriate value is 10% of the full
intensity range, i.e. 26 (= 10% · 255) for an 8-bit
intensity scale.
Maximum in %: target value for scaling
A typical appropriate value is 90% of the full
intensity range. The result will be a homogeneous
line at 230 (= 90% 255) for an 8-bit intensity scale.
• Click on button New Reference
• Click on Save SCM to Flash to save the SCM
reference signal in the flash memory of the camera
b) Analytic compensation of
natural lens vignetting
• Open the Shading Correction dialog (Alt+s).
Use the entries in the middle column to calculate
the reference data based on the imaging setup.
• Enter the parameters focal length (FL), sensor
length (SL) and field of view (FOV) according to your
setup.
The implemented algorithm will compensate the
natural lens vignetting.
• Click on Save SCM to Flash to save the SCM
reference signal in the flash memory of the camera
Step 2: Obtaining the Shading Correction Data
The shading correction refrence data that is stored in the shading correction memory (SCM) can be obtained in
two ways:
Shading Correction dialog
Parameters for correction of natural lens vignetting:
FL = Focal Length of the lens in mm
SL = Sensor Length in mm
FOV = Field Of View in mm
Power-down and Power-up Behaviour
The shading correction memory (SCM) buffer is a volatile
memory. Its content is lost on power-off.
Once the reference signal is copied from the SCM to the
camera flash memory, it will persist even after a power-
down. On a re-start, this data will be restored automatically
from the flash memory back into the SCM.
The shading correction status on shutting down - active or
not active - will be retained and automatically restored on
power-up.
Color line signal
with separated
RGB curves after
Gain Adjustment
and Shading
Correction
Save SCM to Flash Save the SCM reference
signal in the flash memory of
the camera
ON Activate Shading Correction
with the reference signal that
is stored in the SCM.
OFF Switch off Shading Correction.
This does not affect the
content of the camera SCM
buffer or the camera flash
memory.
Save SCM to File The SCM reference signal will
be stored in a file.
Load File to SCM A stored reference signal will
be loaded into the SCM of the
camera. If the load process
completes then the Shading
Correction is active.

Camera Control and Performing a Scan
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Camera Control and Performing a Scan
Shading Correction Memories and API Functions
As an alternative to the user dialog, a new shading correction reference signal can also be generated using API
(Application Programming Interface) functions. The relationship between the memory locations and the related
API functions are shown in the following figure. The API functions are included in the SK91USB3-WIN software
package. For more information, refer to the SK91USB3-WIN manual.
Structure of the shading correction memories (SCM) and the related API functions for memory handling
Optimum brightness adjustment, Integration Time
The brightness distribution of the line signal is influenced not only by the integration time, but also by the illumi-
nation and the aperture setting. It should be noted that the aperture setting affects the depth of field and thus the
overall quality of the image.
The line signal is optimal if the signal from the brightest area of the object corresponds to 95% of the maximum
output value. At 8-bit digitizing depth, 256 brightness levels are available, at 12-bit 4096. In this setting, optimum
signal sensitivity is achieved and overexposure or even blooming is avoided.
Open the Camera Control dialog.
Menu Edit -> Operation Parameters or [F4]
•The integration time can be set by two vertical sliders
or two input fields in the section Integration Time of
this dialog. The left slider is for coarser the right for
finer adjustments.
•The current line frequency is displayed in the Line
Frequency status field.
•For cameras with integration control function
(shutter), it is possible to shorten the integration time
without increasing the line frequency. This integration
control mode is activated as soon as the maximum
line frequency of the camera is reached by shortening
the integration time or by checking Decoupl. LF and
thus the integration time is decoupled from the line
frequency.
The Default button sets the integration time to the
minimum exposure period that is determined from the
maximum line frequency.
Reset restores the start values.
Cancel closes the dialog without changes.
OK stores the integration time values and closes the
dialog.
For synchronization settings, see section Synchroni-
zation of the Image Acquisition with the Feed Rate of
the Object (p. 18).
A camera signal with insufficient level: The
integration time is too short, since only about
50% of the gray levels are used.
Optimized level of the camera signal after incre-
asing the integration time by a factor of 4 to 95
% of the available scale.
SkLineScan Camera Control dialog

FOV
S
V0
Pixel #1
Pixel #1
WP/ ß
CCD Sensor
Scan Object
Synchronization
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Synchronization
Synchronization of the Image Acquisition with the Feed Rate of the Object
A line scan camera produces a two-dimensional image by moving either the object or the camera. The direction of
the translation movement must be orthogonal to the sensor axis of the line scan camera.
In order to obtain an image with the correct aspect ratio, a line synchronous feed is required. With RGB color
sensors, the color sequence of the individual sensor lines must also be taken into account when processing
the sensor data. The software development kits from Schäfter+Kirchhoff contain easy-to-use functions for this
purpose.
If the object speed is variable or the accuracy requirements are high, external synchronization is required. The
various synchronization modes are described in the next section.
The optimal scan speed for a given line frequency is
calculated as follows:
WP·fL
VO=
ß
If the scanning speed is fixed, the line frequency must
be adjusted accordingly in order to obtain the correct
aspect ratio in the image:
VO·ß
fL=
WP
VO= object scan velocity
WP= pixel width
fL= line frequency
S= sensor length
FOV = field of view
ß= magnification factor
= S / FOV
Example 1:
Calculating the scan velocity for a given field of view and a given line frequency:
Pixel width = 10 µm
Line frequency = 4.80 kHz
S= 40.8 mm
FOV = 70 mm
10 µm · 4.80 kHz
VO=
(40.8 mm / 70 mm)
= 82 mm/s
Example 2:
Calculating the line frequency for a given field of view and object scan velocity:
Pixel width = 10 µm
Scan velocity = 80 mm/s
S= 40.8 mm
FOV = 70 mm
80 mm/s · (40.8 mm / 70 mm)
fL=
10 µm
= 4.7 kHz

Synchronization
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Synchronization Modes
The synchronization mode determines the exact timing of the exposure. Synchronization can either be
performed internally or triggered by an external source, e.g. an encoder signal.
There are two different synchronization functions that can be applied together or individually:
1. Line synchronization:
The falling edge of a TTL signal at the LINE SYNC A input triggers each individual exposure of the sensor line
by line.
The SK12240U3KOC-LB line scan camera enables extended synchronization control by means of a second
trigger input LINE SYNC B. A detailed description can be found .under Advanced Synchronization Control, S.
24.
2. Frame synchronization:
The recording of a set of lines (frame) representing a two-dimensional image is started by the falling edge of a
TTL signal at the FRAME SYNC input.
Free Run / SK Mode 0
The acquisition of each line is synchronized internally (free-running) and the next scan is started automatically
after completion of the previous line scan. The line frequency is determined by the programmed value.
LineStart / SK Mode 1
After an external trigger pulse, the currently exposed line is read out at the next internal line clock. The start and
duration of the exposure are controlled internally by the camera and are not affected by the trigger pulse. The
exposure time is programmable. The line frequency is determined by the frequency of the trigger signal.
Limitations: The period of the trigger signal must be longer than the exposure time used. Between the external
trigger signal and the internally generated line clock, jitter occurs in the range of the exposure time.
ExposureStart / SK Mode 4 (only available when camera supports integration control)
A new exposure is started exactly at the point in time of the external trigger pulse. The exposure time is deter-
mined by the programmed value. The exposed line is read out after the exposure time has elapsed. The frequency
of the trigger signal determines the line frequency.
Restriction: The period duration of the trigger signal must be longer than the exposure time used.
ExposureActive / SK extSOS (Mode 5)
The exposure time and the line frequency are controlled by the external trigger signal. This affects both the start of
a new exposure (Start of Scan-Pulse, SOS) and the readout of the previously exposed line.
FRAME SYNC
LINE SYNC
Video
Video Valid
Data transmission
Combined frame and line synchronization
FrameTrigger / SK FrameSync
The camera suppresses the data transfer until a falling
edge of a TTL signal occurs at the FRAME SYNC
input. This starts the acquisition of a 2D area scan.
The number of image lines must be programmed in
advance. Any of the available line synchronization
modes can be used for the individual line scans.
Synchronization

Synchronization
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Clock
Select
AD
Converter
Exposure
Time
Advanced
Sync Control
SyC 2
SynC A
SynC B
SyC 0,1
Output
Format
Select
CCD
Sync
Select
Pixel
Counter
Shading
Corr.
Look Up
Table
(LUT)
Line Sync A
CCLK
pixel clock Oscillator
pixel
adress
DVAL
M0 M1
M3 M4
M4
video
video
D[0-11] (monochrome cameras)
R[0-7], G[0-7], B[0-7] (RGB cameras)
trigger
Restart
SOS
discharge
Line Sync B
LVAL
Camera
Interface
SynC 3...7
Sync
Divider
M3
Region of
Interest
(ROI)
pixel clock
~
~
~
Functional diagram of the Camera Control System
Camera Control dialog
•To configure synchronization, open the Camera
Control dialog. [F4]
•Within the Synchronization frame, select one of
the numbered line synchronization modes.
•Within the camera, the trigger control stage
is followed by a divider stage with which the
trigger frequency can be divided by integer
dividers. Enter the division ratio in the Divider
field.
•Select the Frame Sync check box to activate
frame synchronization. In the Delay field, enter
the delay time in milliseconds.