Siemens AKE 200 User manual

Smart Communication
AKE 200 Coupling Unit
Manual
C53000-G6540-C265-2
Table of Contents
Safety and Installation Instructions 1
Functional Description 2
Mounting 3
AKE 200 Versions 4
Technical Data 5
Appendix 6

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NOTE
For your own safety, observe the warnings and safety instructions contained in this document, if available.
Disclaimer of Liability
Subject to changes and errors. The information given in
this document only contains general descriptions and/or
performance features which may not always specifically
reflect those described, or which may undergo modifica-
tion in the course of further development of the products.
The requested performance features are binding only when
they are expressly agreed upon in the concluded contract.
Document version: C53000-G6540-C265-2.00
Edition: 11.2020
Version of the product described:
Copyright
Copyright © Siemens 2020. All rights reserved.
The disclosure, duplication, distribution and editing of this
document, or utilization and communication of the content
are not permitted, unless authorized in writing. All rights,
including rights created by patent grant or registration of a
utility model or a design, are reserved.

Table of Contents
1 Safety and Installation Instructions............................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Scope of Delivery................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 Notes on Safety...................................................................................................................7
1.3 Transport, Package and Storage ..........................................................................................8
1.3.1 Unpacking the Device.................................................................................................... 8
1.3.2 Storing the Device......................................................................................................... 8
1.4 Commissioning................................................................................................................... 9
1.5 Environmental Protection Hints......................................................................................... 10
2 Functional Description............................................................................................................................... 11
2.1 Introduction to Carrier Frequency Coupling on HV Lines.....................................................12
2.2 Mechanical Design of the AKE 200.................................................................................... 16
2.2.1 Overview.....................................................................................................................16
2.2.2 Grounding Switch........................................................................................................17
2.2.3 Primary Surge Arrester.................................................................................................17
2.2.4 Drain and Tuning Coil.................................................................................................. 17
2.2.5 Isolating Capacitor.......................................................................................................18
2.2.6 Isolation Transformer...................................................................................................18
2.2.7 Secondary Surge Arrester.............................................................................................18
2.2.8 HF Hybrid Transformer AKE 200 A1, AKE 200 A4.......................................................... 18
2.2.9 Connection diagram for HF Hybrid Transformer AKE 200 A1, AKE 200 A4..................... 20
2.2.10 Transmission Frequency Range.................................................................................... 21
3 Mounting.................................................................................................................................................... 23
3.1 General Safety Regulations................................................................................................24
3.2 Selection of the Mounting Position....................................................................................25
3.2.1 Overview Mounting Position........................................................................................25
3.2.2 Connection Diagrams for the AKE 200 A3, A4, A1........................................................ 26
3.3 Connecting the Grounding Conductor to PE.......................................................................29
3.4 Connecting the Coupling Cable to PRI................................................................................30
3.5 Connecting of the Carrier Frequency Cable to (SEC, SEC1, SEC2)........................................31
3.6 Commissioning the AKE.................................................................................................... 32
3.6.1 Commissioning the AKE...............................................................................................32
3.6.2 Working on the Drain Coil............................................................................................ 32
3.6.3 Working on the Isolation Transformer.......................................................................... 32
3.6.4 Working on the Hybrid Transformer AKE 200 A1.......................................................... 33
3.7 Maintenance of the Unit................................................................................................... 34
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4 AKE 200 Versions........................................................................................................................................35
4.1 Overview.......................................................................................................................... 36
4.2 Coupling loss, return loss and lower cut-off frequencies of AKE 200 A3..............................37
4.3 Connection of AKE 200 A3 with 75 Ω coaxial cable, matching stage I.................................38
4.4 Connection of AKE 200 A3 with 75 Ω coaxial cable, matching stage II................................39
4.5 Connection of AKE 200 A3 with 150 Ω balanced cable, matching stage I........................... 40
4.6 Connection of AKE 200 A3 with 150 Ω balanced cable, matching stage II...........................41
4.7 Connection of AKE 200 A4 with 75 Ω coaxial cable, matching stage I.................................42
4.8 Connection of AKE 200 A4 with 75 Ω coaxial cable, matching stage II................................43
4.9 Connection of AKE 200 A4 with 150 Ω balanced cable, matching stage I........................... 44
4.10 Connection of AKE 200 A4 with 150 Ω balanced cable, matching stage II...........................45
5 Technical Data............................................................................................................................................ 47
5.1 Dimensions.......................................................................................................................48
5.2 Technical Data.................................................................................................................. 51
6 Appendix.................................................................................................................................................... 53
6.1 Abbreviations....................................................................................................................54
Table of Contents
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Safety and Installation Instructions
1.1 Scope of Delivery 6
1.2 Notes on Safety 7
1.3 Transport, Package and Storage 8
1.4 Commissioning 9
1.5 Environmental Protection Hints 10
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Scope of Delivery
The equipment is delivered with:
•The Product Information with a system description and instructions for installation, commissioning and
operation, decommissioning and disposal.
•A Test Report that contains specific measurement results from the final manufacturing test and that are
specific to the series product delivered.
For further details, see the information that can be found in the manual.
1.1
Safety and Installation Instructions
1.1 Scope of Delivery
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Notes on Safety
AKE 200 devices use the high-voltage line between transformer substations as a communication path for data
and protection signals.
Notes on Safety must be adhered to ensure personal safety and to avoid damage to property during commis-
sioning and use.
Danger of severe personal injury or substantial damage to property
Hazardous voltages may occur in devices. Always observe the instructions given in
“Qualified Electrical Engineering Personnel” below.
Qualified Electrical Engineering Personnel
Qualified electrical engineering personnel must have up to date technical qualifications
as electrical technicians. Only these persons may commission, use, maintain, decommis-
sion and dispose of the device according to the state of the art standards of engineering
in the high voltage power line environment.
Use as Prescribed
The device may only be used for such applications as set out in the user instructions, and
only in combination with equipment that is entended to work with terminal devices,
that comply to IEC 60481 standard.
Correct and safe operation of the product requires adequate transportation, storage,
installation as well as appropriate use and maintenance.
During operation of the equipment, it is unavoidable that certain parts will carry
dangerous voltages. Severe injury or damage to property can occur if the appropriate
measures during commisioning are not taken:
Danger
Make sure, that the equipment is properly connected to ground at all times. The device
is connected via a HV capacitor to the HV line. A permanent ground connection is an
essential precondition to safeguard the user against any high voltages from the HV line.
The product is equipped with an earthing switch. Before opening the housing, the
earthing switch must be switched to position "0". In addition, grounding the housing via
the externally mounted grounding connector is highly recommended.
Danger
This equipment can be supplied by and connected to different independent energy
sources. Before any maintenance work, disconnect the equipment from all energy
sources to ensure that no dangerous voltage is present, in particular the RF input from
the PLC device and the connection to the HV-coupling capacitor.
Even after the power supply has been disconnected, hazardous voltages can still be
present within the device (capacitor storage).
Before making any connections, ground the equipment and the grounding terminal
Note
IP54: Device may only be operated within a temperature range of -40 to +50 degree
Celsius
Note
The limit values indicated in the manual must not be exceeded; that also applies to
testing and commissioning
1.2
Safety and Installation Instructions
1.2 Notes on Safety
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Transport, Package and Storage
Unpacking the Device
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NOTE
Devices are subject to a final production test for correct function before delivery. The test report is included
in the delivery.
²Check the package for external transport damage. A damaged packing may indicate that the device
inside is also damaged
²Unpack the device carefully.
²Visually check the devices to ensure that they are in perfect mechanical condition.
²Keep the packing in case the devices must be stored or transported elsewhere.
²Return a damaged device to the manufacturer or dispose it correctly. A defect device must not either be
used or repaired by the user
²Check the information provided on the type plate too.
Storing the Device
²The device must be stored in rooms, which are clean, dry, and dust-free. Devices or associated spare parts
must be stored at a temperature between –40° C and +70° C.
²The relative humidity must be at a level where condense water and ice are prevented from forming.
²When the device is reshipped ensure that the transport requirements for the selected means of transport
are met. The outer package alone is not adequate for transport purposes.
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
Safety and Installation Instructions
1.3 Transport, Package and Storage
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Commissioning
!
DANGER
²All safety notes as described must be observed.
!
DANGER
²The cross section of the ground wire and the laying of the wire must comply with the regulations
applicable for the place of installation. 5 Technical Data
²Connect the device with a solid low-resistance to earth. Observe local installation conditions
²During operation it is necessary to check the resistance to earth cyclically
²Attention! The diameter of earthing connection should at least have the same diameter or greater than
the diameter of connection between coupling capacitor and AKE 200
1.4
Safety and Installation Instructions
1.4 Commissioning
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Environmental Protection Hints
Disposal of Old Equipment and Batteries (Applicable only for European Union and Countries with a Recycling
System)
The disposal of our products and possible recycling of their components after decommissioning has to be
carried out by an accredited recycling company, or the products/components must be taken to applicable
collection points. Such disposal activities must comply with all local laws, guidelines and environmental speci-
fications of the country in which the disposal is done. For the European Union the sustainable disposal of elec-
tronic scrap is defined in the respective regulation for "waste electrical and electronic equipment" (WEEE).
The crossed-out wheelie bin on the products, packaging and/or accompanying documents means
that used electrical and electronic products and batteries must not be mixed with normal house-
hold waste.
According to national legislation, penalties may be charged for incorrect disposal of such
waste.
By disposing of these products correctly you will help to save valuable resources and prevent any potential
negative effects on human health and the environment.
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NOTE
Our products and batteries must not be disposed of as household waste. For disposing batteries it is neces-
sary to observe the local national/international directives.
Disposal of Mobile Storage Devices (e.g. USB Sticks and Memory Cards)
When disposing of/transferring mobile storage devices, using the format or delete functions only changes the
file management information and does not completely delete the data from your mobile storage device. When
disposing of or transferring a mobile storage device, Siemens strongly recommends physically destroying it or
completely deleting data from the mobile storage device by using a commercially available computer data
erasing software.
REACH/RoHS Declaration
You can find our current REACH/RoHS declarations at:
https://www.siemens.com/global/en/home/products/energy/ecotransparency/ecotransparency-down-
loads.html
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NOTE
You can find more information about activities and programs to protect the climate at the EcoTransparency
website:
https://www.siemens.com/global/en/home/products/energy/ecotransparency.html
1.5
Safety and Installation Instructions
1.5 Environmental Protection Hints
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Functional Description
2.1 Introduction to Carrier Frequency Coupling on HV Lines 12
2.2 Mechanical Design of the AKE 200 16
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Introduction to Carrier Frequency Coupling on HV Lines
The electric-power utilities use their own power lines for secure information transmission. With the aid of
special carrier frequency equipment (PLC equipment) vital telephone calls, data, and teleprotection signals are
safely transmitted independently of other communication networks and frequently over long distances.
In carrier frequency transmission of information over live HV power lines the HF currents of the communica-
tions equipment are fed into or tapped off from the lines at suitable points. Any potential hazard to opera-
tional crew and the communication terminal equipment due to the high voltage must be avoided.
HF traps (coils) are inserted in the HV line to prevent the carrier frequency signal draining away in the wrong
direction or into the high-voltage system. These traps do not offer any significant resistance to energy trans-
port in the HV line. The carrier frequency power is coupled into the HV line via coupling capacitors designed to
withstand the high voltage and tapped off in the same way from the line. The coupling filter, the coupling
protection, the grounding switch, and the isolation transformer are contained in the coupling unit AKE 200.
A high-pass filter circuit has been selected for the AKE 200. This allows transmission in the carrier frequency
band up to 500 kHz provided for PLC from a lower cut-off frequency fU which is determined by the size of the
coupling capacitors.
The AKE consists of a basic unit available in different versions to cover all coupling applications that arise in
practice.
2.1
Functional Description
2.1 Introduction to Carrier Frequency Coupling on HV Lines
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[dw_AKE200_system-diagram, 1, en_US]
Figure 2-1 AKE200 versions overview
The transmission paths shown in the diagrams can be the following types of lines:
•High-voltage open-wire lines (AKE 200 A3, A4)
Functional Description
2.1 Introduction to Carrier Frequency Coupling on HV Lines
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[dw_phase-to-ground-coupling, 1, en_US]
Figure 2-2 Phase-to-ground coupling
[dw_phase-to-phase-coupling, 1, en_US]
Figure 2-3 Phase-to-phase coupling
Functional Description
2.1 Introduction to Carrier Frequency Coupling on HV Lines
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[dw_inter-system-coupling, 1, en_US]
Figure 2-4 Inter-system coupling
Costly effort Attenuation Transmission security
1 Phase-to-ground
coupling
minimal greater than for 2 not guaranteed if a
coupled conductor breaks
2 Phase-to-phase coupling twice as high as 1 smaller than for 1 guaranteed if a coupled
conductor breaks
3 Inter-system coupling twice as high as 1 smaller than for 1 guaranteed if a coupled
conductor breaks
also guaranteed in case of
short circuit and
grounding of a system on
the line
A phase-to-ground coupling is often used for reasons of cost. This is generally adequate from an engineering
viewpoint unless extra-high-voltage lines with a high noise level or long distances are involved. In most line
protection applications, however, it is necessary to use a phase-to-phase coupling or inter-system coupling
regardless of the higher cost.
Functional Description
2.1 Introduction to Carrier Frequency Coupling on HV Lines
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Mechanical Design of the AKE 200
Overview
All AKE components are housed in a salt water-proof aluminum die-cast case with a specially finished surface,
suitable for all weather conditions.
The casing interior is connected to the outside environment via the circular gap around the carrier frequency
cable lead-in tubes.
The circuit diagrams and other information on using the unit are printed on a panel you find inside the device,
on back side of the lid.
[dw_mechanical_desgin_AKE200-A3, 1, en_US]
Figure 2-5 Mechanical design AKE200 A3
2.2
2.2.1
Functional Description
2.2 Mechanical Design of the AKE 200
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[dw_mechanical_desgin_AKE200-A4, 1, en_US]
Figure 2-6 Mechanical design AKE200 A4
Grounding Switch
The use of a grounding switch for switchrod actuation fulfills the IEC Recommendation for safe short-circuit
grounding of the coupling capacitor. The grounding switch part at the AKE input is combined with a double
terminal for the coupling cable.
In case of maintenance at the AKE 200 the gronding switch has to be moved to "earth" position. The terminal
cover of the AKE 200 can only be removed when the grounding swich is in "earth" position.
Directly beside the blade section of the switch is the M10 grounding terminal of the AKE so that connection of
grounding lines with a large cross-section is also possible.
For mechanical parameters, see chapter 5 Technical Data
Primary Surge Arrester
The primary surge arrester protects the terminal equipment of a PLC link against transients that might arise
due to faults at the coupling capacitor or any other voltage surges coupled through via the capacitor (for
example, switching operations or lightning strikes).
The primary surge arrester is bridged by the electrodes fusing together to provide a safe path to earth. The
other parts of the AKE and the PLC equipment are protected in this way against dangerous voltage surges. For
parameters, see chapter 5 Technical Data
Drain and Tuning Coil
The drain and tuning coil performs two important functions in the AKE 200. Firstly it diverts the capacitive
wattless current of the coupling capacitor produced by the mains voltage, mains frequency and the coupling
capacitance safely to ground. Secondly it offers variable tuning inductances for matching the characteristic
impedance of the coupling to the high-voltage line.
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
Functional Description
2.2 Mechanical Design of the AKE 200
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For parameters, see chapter 5 Technical Data
!
DANGER
The entire capacitive wattless current of the coupling capacitor flows to ground via the drain coil.
²Connecting cables in the vicinity of the drain coil for individual operating scenarios should be installed
with the utmost care.
Isolating Capacitor
Since the 50-Hz wattless current at the impedance of the drain coil can still produce a voltage drop of several
volts the isolating capacitor is required to prevent an excessively high magnetic flux in the isolation trans-
former with the mains frequency. The capacitance is small enough to block the 50 Hz current from the isola-
tion transformer and provides a low impedance for the RF signal to be transmitted undistorted.
Isolation Transformer
The isolation transformer is the most important component of the AKE. It provides safe isolation between the
high-voltage side and the PLC equipment side and matches the impedance between highvoltage line and CF
cable as required. A special potting technique prevents any hazard to the secondary side even if the primary
side fails in the unlikely event of mechanical destruction due to high voltage influence.
For parameters, see chapter 5 Technical Data
Secondary Surge Arrester
The secondary surge arrester shorts out interference voltages that do not cause the primary voltage arrester to
respond. These interference voltages can arise both from the line as steep voltage pulses and from a carrierfre-
quency cable exposed to high-voltage interference.
The secondary surge arresters are designed firstly to limit dangerous surge voltages and secondly to prevent
corona discharge of the gas-filled surge arresters due to the HF voltage.
In order to ensure that the arrester is extinguished again after ignition by a peak transient the peak value of
the carrier frequency operating voltage must remain below the corona potential of the series-connected
gasfilled arresters at this point.
HF Hybrid Transformer AKE 200 A1, AKE 200 A4
When connecting two phase-to-ground AKEs to a PLC device, e.g. in an inter-system coupling, an HF hybrid
transformer is generally used as shown in the application example in Fig. 3. It should have an adequately large
cross section to decouple both coupling phases and a low throughput loss.
Due to the hybrid principle it is possible to maintain a PLC link over half the transmission path if the other line
path is out of action, e.g. as a result of short circuit, ground fault or total failure.
The HF hybrid transformer is suitable for the application of either balanced 150 Ω cables or unbalanced 75 Ω
cables. It can be located in a separate case (AKE 200 A1), if possible equidistant between the two phase-to-
ground AKEs, or installed directly in one of the two coupling units if they are less that 30m apart.
Basic circuit diagrams:
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.2.7
2.2.8
Functional Description
2.2 Mechanical Design of the AKE 200
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[dw_circuit-diagram_HF-hybrid-transf_75-Ohm, 2, en_US]
Figure 2-7 Circuit diagram of the HF hybrid transformer for 75 Ω
[dw_circuit-diagram_HF-hybrid-transf_150-Ohm, 2, en_US]
Figure 2-8 Circuit diagram of the HF hybrid transformer for 150 Ω
With phase-to-phase or inter-system coupling with two individual phase-to-ground couplings filters the CF
cable terminals (SEC) of the two coupling filters are mutually decoupled via an RF hybrid transformer and
combined into a single CF cable terminal. The additional signal attenuation due to the losses in the hybrid
transformer is less than 0.4 dB.
Functional Description
2.2 Mechanical Design of the AKE 200
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Connection diagram for HF Hybrid Transformer AKE 200 A1, AKE 200 A4
[dw_connection_diagram_ake200_a1_75-Ohm, 1, --_--]
Figure 2-9 Connection diagram HF Hybrid Transformer 75 Ω cable
Mount SKEDD Jumper in red marked area.
2.2.9
Functional Description
2.2 Mechanical Design of the AKE 200
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