Studio Technologies M232-00151 User manual

50684-0123, Issue 7
Copyright © 2023 by Studio Technologies, Inc., all rights reserved
studio-tech.com
User Guide
Issue 7, January 2023
This User Guide is applicable for serial numbers
M232-00151 and later with Main Firmware version 3.05 and later
and STcontroller software application version 3.10.07 and later
Model 232
Announcer’s Console

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Model 232 User Guide Issue 7, January 2023
Studio Technologies, Inc. Page 3
Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
Table of Contents
Revision History ......................................................................................................... 4
Introduction ................................................................................................................ 5
Getting Started ........................................................................................................... 7
Dante Conguration ................................................................................................... 9
Model 232 Conguration ........................................................................................... 11
Operation .................................................................................................................. 19
Technical Notes......................................................................................................... 26
Specications ............................................................................................................ 32
Appendix A: STcontroller Default Conguration Values ............................................ 34
Appendix B: 3-Pin Header Connector Details ........................................................... 35
Appendix C: Block Diagram ...................................................................................... 36

Issue 7, January 2023 Model 232 User Guide
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Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
Revision History
Issue 7, Janaury 2023:
•Documents revised encoder conguration and operation.
•Miscellaneous improvements and clarications.
Issue 6, March 2022:
•Documents addition of Main – Encoder Action conguration function.
Issue 5, October 2021:
•Documents change to Dante Aux Output operation when Hot Mic is selected.
Issue 4, May 2021:
•Documents new analog microphone input limiter function.
• Documents revised conguration name from LED Intensity to LED Intensity and Action.
• Documents two LED Intensity and Action modes.
Issue 3, October 2020:
•Revises text to reect Audinate’s Inclusive Language Guidelines. The word “master,” in reference to Dante®clocking,
has been changed to “Leader.”
Issue 2, September 2020:
•Documents changes to Main 1 and Main 2 inputs and associated headphone monitoring.
•Documents addition of Sidetone Channel Routing feature.
•Adds technical note regarding level attenuation in Dante Aux and Talkback transmitter (output) channels when Analog
Mic Output is congured for Switched.
Issue 1, August 2020:
•Initial release.

Model 232 User Guide Issue 7, January 2023
Studio Technologies, Inc. Page 5
Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
Introduction
The Model 232 Announcer’s Console provides a combina-
tion of high-performance audio with an extensive set of user
features and congurable resources. The unit is intended
for use in demanding broadcast sports, eSports, live event,
entertainment, and streaming broadcast applications. With
a few simple connections the Model 232 can provide one
on-air talent with all the resources they need to support
a wide range of applications. The compact, rugged steel
enclosure is intended for tabletop use, small enough for use
“court-side” or in a crowded booth, yet exible enough for
remote production deployment. The Model 232 supports
Dante®audio-over-Ethernet digital media technology with
AES67 compatibility for integration into contemporary
applications.
The Model 232 can integrate directly into both Dante
audio-over-Ethernet and standard analog audio environ-
ments. With just a Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) Gigabit net-
work connection, a microphone, and a pair of headphones
a complete broadcast on-air position can be created. With
the addition of a second Ethernet connection Redundant
Dante can be supported. And by using the Model 232’s an-
alog microphone output a connection to a microphone-level
input on an associated remote I/O interface or audio con-
sole can be supported.
With six Dante audio inputs and an integrated sidetone
function, users can easily create their desired headphone
audio mix. They’ll enjoy clear and “click-free” monaural or
stereo audio that can only help their on-air performance.
Two independent Dante talkback channels allow users to
communicate with a variety of support personnel. Among
the range of operating capabilities includes the ability to
create talent cue (IFB) channels. This was specifically
included for REMI/At-Home applications. Provision has
been made such that a technician can “customize” the
Model 232’s hardware. Option kits, purchased separately,
can be added to support functions such as multi-pin head-
set connectors, remote control inputs, and a low-voltage,
low-current DC tally output.
The Model 232 was designed to meet two main goals:
supporting great audio quality and providing an extensive
set of congurable features. Using the latest in audio inte-
grated circuits and advanced 32-bit audio processing, the
unit’s audio performance should meet or exceed that of
any audio console, standalone microphone preamplier,
remote I/O interface, or outboard A/D or D/A converter.
With over 40 years of professional audio experience, Studio
Technologies takes audio performance seriously! And while
providing excellent technical specications is a “must,” a
device also has to “sound” good before we feel its design
is complete.
The amount of exibility provided in the Model 232 allows
it to meet the needs of virtually all on-air announcer appli-
cations. And using the Studio Technologies’ STcontroller
software application makes “customizing” the operation
of a Model 232 fast and simple. The unit’s ability to han-
dle both day-to-day and specialized situations makes it
a unique product in the market. For example, the push-
button switches and rotary encoders can be independently
congured with multiple choices that range from simple to
quite advanced. If a Model 232 can’t seem to be cong-
ured to meet an application’s goals please contact Studio
Technologies’ technical support for an application review.
The Model 232 is part of a three-product family that di󰀨er
only in the number of talkback channels provided. The
Model 232 provides two talkback channels, while the
Model 234 provides four and the Model 236 provides six.
The Model 232, as with the other two models, has a com-
pact enclosure with overall dimensions of 6.5 inches wide
(16.5 cm), 2.9 inches high (7.4 cm), and 4.9 inches deep
(12.5 cm). Weighing 2.1 pounds (0.95 kg), the enclosure
is made of steel to provide some “heft” to minimize the
chance of inadvertent movement. The Model 232’s main,
secondary, and FPGA (programmable logic) rmware can
be updated using the USB port on the back of the unit; the
Dante rmware can be updated via an Ethernet connection.
Figure 1. Model 232 Announcer’s Console front
and back views

Issue 7, January 2023 Model 232 User Guide
Page 6 Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
Setup, Conguration, and Operation
Set up, conguration, and operation of the Model 232 is
simple. The unit includes two Neutrik etherCON RJ45
connectors which allow interfacing with single or redundant
Gigabit Ethernet networks. The primary network connec-
tion can provide power to the unit using a port on a Pow-
er-over-Ethernet (PoE) network switch. Model 232’s power
can also be supplied from a 12 volt DC source that is con-
nected using a 4-pin XLR connector. A broadcast headset
or handheld (“stick”) microphone can be directly connected
to the unit’s 3-pin female XLR microphone input connec-
tor. The input is compatible with dynamic or condenser
microphones. A P48 phantom power source allows support
for a wide range of condenser microphones. A 3-pin male
XLR connector provides an analog microphone output for
integration with inputs on related devices. A conguration
choice allows this output to be active all the time (hot mic
operation) or muted or unmuted following the main output
function. A pair of stereo headphones, the headphone
connection from a stereo or monaural headset, or even
earbuds can be connected to the Model 232’s headphone
output jack.
Audio signals are routed to and from the Model 232 using
the Dante Controller software application. This is available,
free of charge, from Audinate®, the creators of Dante. All
Model 232 operating features are congured using the
Studio Technologies’ STcontroller software application. The
extensive set of parameters allows the unit’s functions to
be tailored to meet the needs of many, many applications.
STcontroller is available at no charge from the Studio Tech-
nologies’ website. Versions are available that are compat-
ible with the Windows®and macOS®operating systems.
STcontroller is a fast and simple means of conguring,
revising, saving, and loading a unit’s operating parameters.
The Model 232’s front panel includes four rotary controls
(encoders) which are used to adjust the level of the Dante
input signal sources as they create an audio mix that is fed
to both the analog and Dante digital headphone outputs.
Using RGB (red-green-blue) LEDs, each rotary encoder is
illuminated and can display whether or not signal is present
on their associated audio input channels. Two additional
rotary controls allow adjustment of sidetone level and the
overall level of the analog headphone output.
Three pushbutton switches allow the user to control the
status of the main outputs (digital and analog) as well as
the two talkback functions. Extensive conguration choices
allow the operation of the pushbutton switches and associ-
ated output channels to be optimized to meet the needs of
specic applications. For example, the talkback functions
can be independently congured for talkback, talent cueing
(IFB), call signal (20 kHz tone), and other related actions.
The Model 232’s one main and two talkback pushbutton
switches are illuminated to display their operating status.
For performance conrmation an integrated sidetone func-
tion allows audio coming from the headset’s microphone
to be returned to the headset output.
Audio Quality
The Model 232’s audio performance is completely “pro.” A
low-noise, wide dynamic-range microphone preamplier
ensures that microphone audio quality is preserved while
minimizes the chance of signal overload. The gain of the
microphone preamplifier can be adjusted over a range
of 20 to 65 dB in 1-dB steps. A digitally controlled analog
limiter function allows the signal level to be automatically
adjusted to reduce the chance of signal overload. A setting
in STcontroller allows the limiter function to be enabled or
disabled as desired. The limiter function applies only to
signals that are connected to the analog microphone input.
The output of the microphone preamplier is routed to an
analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) section that supports
sampling rates of 48 and 96 kHz. The audio signal, now in
the digital domain, routes through a 32-bit microprocessor
and associated programmable logic and then on to the
Dante interface section where it is packetized and prepared
for transport over Ethernet. Six Dante transmitter (output)
channels are provided: one main, one aux, two talkback,
and two headphone monitor output channels.
Audio input signals arrive into the Model 232 by way of
seven Dante receiver (input) channels and pass into the
Model 232’s 32-bit logic circuitry. Four channels are asso-
ciated with the main section, two are used for the talkback
listen sources, and one can serve as an alternate micro-
phone audio source. In addition to being used for typical
headphone monitoring, the audio input associated with
each talkback channel can be used as part of a talent cue
(IFB) function. All channel routing, headphone level control,
signal detection, and sidetone functions are performed
within the digital domain. This preserves audio quality,
enhances performance, and provides exibility, allowing
precise level control and mixing as well as eliminating
the need for analog audio signals to pass through passive
level controls (potentiometers). The audio signals des-
tined for the analog headphone output are sent to a high-
performance 2-channel digital-to-analog converter and then
on to robust driver circuitry.
Dante Audio-over-Ethernet
Audio data is sent to and received from the Model 232 using
Dante audio-over-Ethernet media networking technology.
As a Dante-compliant device, the Model 232’s six Dante
transmitter (output) channels and seven Dante receiver
(input) channels can be assigned (routed or “subscribed”)
using the Dante Controller software application. To mini-
mize the chance of a ow limitation, the Model 232’s Dante

Model 232 User Guide Issue 7, January 2023
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Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
transmitter and receiver channels support 32 Dante ows,
16 in each direction. The digital audio’s bit depth is up to 32
with a sample rate of 48 or 96 kHz. Bi-color LEDs, located
on the unit’s back panel, provide status indications related
to the Ethernet network and Dante interface performance.
The Model 232 is compliant with the AES67 interoperability
standard. In addition, the unit is compatible with Audinate’s
Dante Domain Manager™ (DDM) software application.
DDM offers an enhanced set of network control and
monitoring features, making it ideal for security-conscious
applications. This may also allow the Model 232’s audio
channels to support SMPTE®ST 2110-30.
Ethernet Data and PoE
The Model 232 connects to one or two local area networks
(LANs) by way of two Gigabit (GigE) twisted-pair Ethernet
interfaces. These 1000BASE-T interconnections are made
by way of Neutrik®etherCON RJ45 connectors. While
compatible with standard RJ45 plugs, etherCON allows
a ruggedized and locking interconnection for harsh or
high-reliability environments. The two Ethernet interfaces
can be congured, using the Dante Controller software
applications, to serve in the Dante Switched or Redundant
modes.
The Model 232’s operating power can be provided by way
of its Primary-PoE Ethernet interface using the 802.3af
Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) standard. PoE allows fast and
e󰀩cient interconnection with an associated data network.
Alternately, an external source of nominal 12 volts DC can
be connected to power the unit. If both are connected then
PoE will serve as the active power source.
Future Capabilities and Firmware
Updating
The Model 232 was designed so that in the future its
capabilities and performance can be easily enhanced. A
USB type A connector, located on the unit’s back panel,
allows the main, secondary, and FPGA rmware les to be
updated using a USB ash drive. The Model 232 uses the
Broadway™ integrated circuit from Audinate to implement
its Dante interface. The rmware in this integrated circuit
can be updated via an Ethernet connection helping to
ensure that its capabilities remain up to date.
Getting Started
What’s Included
Included in the shipping carton are a Model 232 Announc-
er’s Console and instructions on how to obtain a copy of
this guide. As a device that can be Power-over-Ethernet
(PoE) powered, no external power source is provided. This
is because in most applications an Ethernet switch with
PoE capability will be utilized. It’s also possible to connect
an external source of 12 volts DC to power the Model 232.
If this is the case then a power supply would need to be
obtained separately.
Connections
In this section signal interconnections will be made using
the connectors located on the back of the Model 232’s
enclosure. One or two Ethernet connections will be made
using either standard RJ45 patch cables or etherCON
protected RJ45 plugs. The Ethernet data connection asso-
ciated with the Primary-PoE RJ45 connector is compatible
with Power-over-Ethernet (PoE). If desired, an Ethernet
connection made to the Secondary Ethernet connector can
provide access to a Redundant Dante network. Or it can
be utilized as an active “loop through” connection associ-
ated with the Primary-PoE Ethernet connection. If PoE is
not going to be utilized, or a redundant source of power is
desired, a source of 12 volts DC can be connected by way
of a 4-conductor XLR connector.
A microphone can be connected using a cable-mounted
3-pin male XLR connector. A set of headphones, the head-
set portion of a broadcast-style headset, or an earpiece will
be connected by way of a ¼-inch plug. If desired, the Model
232’s analog microphone output may be interfaced with
other equipment using a cable terminated with a standard
3-pin female XLR connector.
For special applications the Model 232’s internal circuit
boards contain 3-pin “header” connectors that allow ac-
cess to various functions. In addition, there are two spare
connector locations located on the Model 232’s back panel.
A technician can add connectors and wire them to the head-
ers such that application-specic needs can be supported.
For example, a 6- or 7-pin XLR connector can be added
to support direct connection of broadcast-style headsets.
Contact closures can be interfaced to the Model 232’s cir-
cuitry, allowing external switches to activate the main and
talkback functions. A low-voltage, low-current tally output
associated with the main function is also available. Refer
to the Technical Notes section for details.
One or Two Ethernet Connections
One 1000BASE-T Gigibit Ethernet (GigE) connection is
required for Model 232 operation and can provide both
Ethernet data and power by way of Power-over-Ethernet
(PoE) for the Model 232’s circuitry. A 10BASE-T (10 Mb/s)
or 100BASE-TX (100 Mb/s) connection is not su󰀩cient.
A second 1000BASE-T (GigE) connection can be made if
Redundant Dante is desired. (For this functionality to be
active the Model 232’s network conguration must be set
for Redundant within the Dante Controller software appli-
cation.) PoE is not supported on the Secondary Ethernet
connection. Again, a 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX connec-
tion is not su󰀩cient. The Secondary Ethernet connection

Issue 7, January 2023 Model 232 User Guide
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Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
can also be used as a “loop through” port such as would
be provided by an Ethernet switch. (This requires that the
Model 232’s network conguration within the Dante Con-
troller software application be set for Switched.) Switched
mode is the default setting but using the Secondary port
in this mode for applications other than troubleshooting is
not recommended. The unit will function reliably but “daisy
chaining” Ethernet signals can limit exibility and present
a failure point; it’s best if each Ethernet interface connects
directly to a port on an Ethernet switch.
The Ethernet connections are made by way of two Neutrik
etherCON protected RJ45 connectors that are located on
the back of the Model 232’s enclosure. These allow con-
nection by way of cable-mounted etherCON connectors or
standard RJ45 plugs. The Model 232’s Ethernet interfaces
support auto MDI/MDI-X so that crossover cables are not
required.
External 12 Volts DC Input
An external source of 12 volts DC can be connected to the
Model 232 by way of a 4-pin male XLR connector which is
located on the unit’s back panel. While the requirement for
the external source is nominally 12 volts, correct operation
will take place over a 10 to 18 volts DC range. The Model
232 requires a maximum of 550 milliamperes (0.55 am-
peres) at 12 volts DC for correct operation. The DC source
should be terminated on a 4-pin female XLR connector with
pin 1 negative (–) and pin 4 positive (+).
If an external power source is required, the PS-DC-02
power supply, available as an option from Studio Tech-
nologies, is directly compatible with the Model 232. Its AC
mains input allows connection to 100-240 volts, 50/60 Hz
with an output of 12 volts DC, 1.5 amperes maximum. Its
DC output is terminated on a 4-pin female XLR connector.
As previously discussed, an Ethernet connection that pro-
vides Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) can serve as the Model
232’s power source. Alternately, an external 12 volts DC
source can be connected. For redundancy, both PoE and
the external source can be connected at the same time. If
both PoE and an external 12 volts DC source are connect-
ed, power will be drawn only from the PoE supply. If the PoE
source becomes inoperative the 12 volts DC source will
provide the Model 232’s power. No interruption in operation
will occur during a power source transition.
Analog Microphone Input
Using a configuration selection within the STcontroller
software application, the Model 232’s microphone audio
source can be selected. In most cases a local microphone
will be connected and Analog will be selected. Alternately,
an audio signal can be provided by way of a Dante receiver
(input) channel. In this section, details on connecting an
analog microphone will be provided.
The Model 232 provides a 3-pin female XLR connector,
located on the back panel, to allow an analog microphone
to be connected. The microphone can be a standalone
handheld (“stick”) type, a stand- or arm-mounted type,
or can be part of a broadcast-style headset. The Model
232’s analog microphone input is directly compatible with
balanced dynamic or P48-compatible “phantom” powered
microphones. A microphone should be connected such that
its associated 3-pin male XLR connector has pin 1 as com-
mon, pin 2 as signal high (+), and pin 3 as signal low (–).
A conguration setting in STcontroller allows the Model
232’s P48 phantom power source to be enabled or disabled
as desired. Another setting allows the gain of the preampli-
er circuitry associated with the analog microphone input to
be selected. In addition, a conguration setting allows the
limiter function to be enabled or disabled as desired. Details
on conguration settings will be described in later sections.
While the Model 232 provides an excellent source of P48
phantom power, it’s possible that an input on an associated
piece of equipment is already providing microphone power.
This input could be connected to the Model 232 by way of
the analog microphone output connector. This would not
create a problem since the circuitry that passes audio from
the Model 232’s analog microphone input connector to
the Model 232’s analog microphone output connector will
also pass microphone power from output-to-input without
interruption. This situation could be relevant in cases where
the Model 232’s analog microphone output connector is
interfaced with a microphone input on an associated ENG
camera, audio console, microphone mixer, remote I/O
interface, or similar equipment. The microphone inputs on
such devices will often provide phantom power capability
which may, or may not, be enabled.
Analog Microphone Output
A 3-pin male XLR connector on the Model 232’s back
panel provides an analog microphone-level output that’s
directly related to the analog microphone input. Technical-
ly this output is identical to the signal that’s connected to
the analog microphone input but with a solid-state muting
circuit in series with the interconnection. A conguration
choice in STcontroller allows the operation of the analog
microphone output to be selected. The choices are to have
the analog microphone output active at all times or for it to
also mute whenever the Dante Main transmitter (output)
channel mutes.
If the analog microphone output is congured to be active
at all times it will provide what is effectively an analog
“hot mic” output; a signal that is connected to the analog
microphone input will continuously “pass through” to the
analog microphone output. No Model 232 action will impact
this signal. If the analog microphone output is congured

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Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
to follow the status of the Dante Main transmitter (output)
then the analog microphone input signal will pass through
to the analog microphone output connector only when the
Dante Main transmitter (output) function is active. When-
ever the Dante Main transmitter (output) channel is muted
the analog microphone input signal will not pass through
to the analog microphone output connector; it is muted in
an essentially click-free manner. Refer to Appendix C for a
block diagram of the analog microphone input and analog
microphone output circuitry.
The analog microphone output can be connected to a
balanced (di󰀨erential) analog microphone-level input on
a variety of devices. These include the microphone input
connections on a remote I/O interface associated with a
networked audio console. An example of such an interface
would be the Calrec®Hydra2®. The microphone inputs on
these devices typically o󰀨er microphone power, high-quality
amplication, and conversion to the digital domain. The
output signals from an I/O interface’s preamplier channels
are typically transported to the main electronics or console
surface using a ber optic interface. In this type of appli-
cation, the Model 232’s Dante Main transmitter (output)
channel would not be used, or would only be used as a
backup path.
No preamplier or other active circuitry impacts the path
from the Model 232’s analog microphone input connector
to the Model 232’s analog microphone output connector.
But the signal does pass through 200-ohm resistors in each
“leg” (pin 2 and pin 3) as well as connecting to a solid-state
relay contact. The result is that the source impedance of
a connected microphone will be 400 ohms greater than
the nominal impedance of the analog microphone. This
will slightly raise the theoretical noise oor of the micro-
phone signal vis-à-vis a directly connected microphone but
shouldn’t impact most real-world applications. In addition,
when the analog microphone output is in its muted state a
400-ohm load (from the two 200-ohm series resistors) will
be connected in parallel with the microphone. This addition-
al load will typically attenuate the microphone output level
by 1 to 3 dB. This will then impact the level of the Dante
talkback output channels by the same amount.
Headphone Output
The Model 232 provides a 2-channel (“stereo”) headphone
output interfaced by way of a 3-conductor ¼-inch phone
jack. Devices such as stereo headphones or dual-channel
(“dual-muff”) broadcast-style headsets can be directly
connected using a 3-conductor ¼-inch plug. Following the
usual convention, the left channel should be terminated on
the tip lead of the plug, the right channel on the ring lead,
and common on the sleeve lead.
It’s also possible to use a single-channel, monaural
(“single-mu󰀨”) headset or a broadcast-type single earbud
but in these cases, care must be taken. If a 3-conductor
¼-inch plug is used by such a device’s transducer it should
be wired to the tip and sleeve leads; the plug’s ring lead
should be left unconnected. But it’s also possible that the
monaural device will be terminated on a 2-conductor (“tip
and sleeve”) plug. When such a plug is inserted into the
Model 232’s headphone output jack the right headphone
output channel will be shorted; the ring lead will be directly
connected to the sleeve lead. This can result in stress on
the right channel headphone output circuitry as well as
extra current draw. To prevent this undesirable condition,
ensure that no audio signal is configured such that it’s
routed to the right headphone output channel. Refer to the
Conguration section for details on using STcontroller to
select the desired headphone audio routing.
Dante Conguration
For audio to correctly pass to and from the Model 232
requires, at a minimum, that several Dante-related
parameters be congured. These conguration settings will
be stored in non-volatile memory within the Model 232’s
Dante network interface circuitry. Conguration will typically
be done with the Dante Controller software application
which is available for download free of charge at audinate.
com. Versions of Dante Controller are available to support
Windows and macOS operating systems.
The Model 232 is also compatible with the Dante Domain
Manager (DDM) software application. Refer to DDM
documentation for details on what Model 232 and related
parameters may have to be congured.
Audio Routing
The Model 232’s six Dante transmitter (output) channels
must be assigned to the desired Dante receiver (input)
channels on associated equipment. This will route the Main,
Aux, Talkback, and Phones transmitter (output) channels
to the devices that will be “listening” to them. Within Dante
Controller a “subscription” is the term used for routing a
transmitter ow (a group of up to four output channels) to
a receiver ow (a group of up to four input channels).
The Model 232 uses the Broadway integrated circuit to
implement its Dante functionality. The number of transmit-
ter ows associated with this integrated circuit is 16 and,
as such, the chance of a ow limitation is minimal. These
ows can either be unicast, multicast, or a combination
of the two. (Note that when operating in the AES67 mode
the Dante transmitter (output) channels will function only
in multicast; unicast is not supported.)

Issue 7, January 2023 Model 232 User Guide
Page 10 Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
Using Dante Controller, the desired Dante transmitter
(output) sources can be routed to the seven Dante receiver
(input) channels associated with the Model 232. The exact
number utilized will depend on the specic application.
Eight of the Dante receiver (input) channels are assigned
to the Main and Talkback level rotary encoders and can be
used for listening to associated mix, mix-minus, intercom,
or general audio channels. The ninth Dante input channel
can be used as the Model 232’s microphone input source.
Unit and Channel Names
The Model 232 has a default Dante device name of
ST-M232- along with a unique su󰀩x. The su󰀩x identies
the specic Model 232 that is being congured. The suf-
x’s actual alpha and/or numeric characters relate to the
MAC address of the unit’s Broadway integrated circuit.
The seven Dante receiver (input) channels have defaults
names of Main 1 L, Main 1 R, Main 2 L, Main 2 R, Talk-
back 1, Talkback 2, and Mic In. The six Dante transmitter
(output) channels have default names of Main,Aux,Talk-
back 1,Talkback 2,Phones L, and Phones R. Using
Dante Controller, the default device and channel names
can be revised as appropriate for a specic application.
Device Conguration
The Model 232 supports audio sample rates of 48 and 96
kHz with no pull-up/down options available. The digital au-
dio data is in the form of pulse-code modulation (PCM) sam-
ples. Encoding choices within Dante Controller are PCM
16, PCM 24, and PCM 32, but in most cases the default
selection of PCM 24 would be appropriate. Clocking and
Device Latency Parameters can be adjusted if required but
the default values in Dante Controller are typically correct.
Network Conguration – Dante Redundancy
The Model 232 allows connection of two Ethernet signals.
Two RJ45 jacks are located on the unit’s back panel and
are labeled Primary-PoE and Secondary. How these ports
function can be selected in the Network Config, Dante
Redundancy section of Dante Controller. The choices are
Switched or Redundant.
If Switched is selected (the factory default) then the Model
232 can establish one connection with an Ethernet network.
It doesn’t matter which RJ45 jack is utilized, although for
PoE powering the jack labeled Primary-PoE must be uti-
lized. The other RJ45 jack, labeled Secondary, can be used
to interconnect with another piece of networked equipment.
If the Model 232’s network conguration is selected for
Switched ensure that only one of the RJ45 jacks on the
back panel is connected to the LAN associated with the
Dante devices. If both of the Model 232’s RJ45 connec-
tions are routed to ports on the same LAN this will typically
“crash” the network! (Although some of the latest, most-
advanced Ethernet switches will automatically detect and
prevent such a “network bridging” issue from occurring.)
If Redundant is selected then Dante’s redundant networking
capability will be enabled. In this case, separate network
connections should be made to the Primary-PoE and
Secondary RJ45 jacks. A personal computer that’s running
STcontroller will typically be associated with the network
that is connected to the Primary-PoE RJ45 jack.
Network Conguration – Addresses
When the Model 232 has been congured for the Switched
network mode one Dante IP address will be associated
with the network connection that is made to either the
Primary-PoE or the Secondary RJ45 jack. If the network
conguration has been selected for Redundant then sep-
arate IP addresses and related network parameters will
be assigned to the Primary-PoE and Secondary Ethernet
ports.
By default, the Model 232’s Dante IP address and related
network parameters will be determined automatically using
the DHCP or, if that’s not available, link-local network pro-
tocols. If desired, Dante Controller allows the IP address
and related network parameters to be manually set to a
xed (static) conguration. While this is a more-involved
process than simply letting DHCP or link-local “do their
thing,” if xed addressing is necessary then this capability
is available. But in this case, it’s highly recommended
that every unit be physically marked, e.g., directly using a
permanent marker or “console tape,” with its specic static
IP address or addresses. If knowledge of a Model 232’s
IP address or addresses has been misplaced there is no
reset button or other method to easily restore the unit to a
known (default) IP setting.
Note that if the Model 232’s network conguration has been
set for Redundant then the Primary and Secondary Dante
IP addresses and related parameters can be independently
congured. This allows both interfaces to be congured
automatically, both interfaces to be congured manually, or
one interface to be congured automatically and the other
to be congured manually.
AES67 Conguration – AES67 Mode
Dante Controller allows a Model 232 to be congured for
AES67 operation. This requires the AES67 Mode to be set
for Enabled. By default, AES67 mode is set for Disabled.
Model 232 Clocking Source
While technically the Model 232 can serve as a Leader
clock for a Dante network (as can all Dante-enabled devic-
es) in virtually all cases the unit will be congured to receive
its timing reference (“sync”) from another device. As such,
Dante Controller’s check box for Preferred Leader asso-
ciated with the Model 232 would typically not be enabled.

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Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
Model 232 Conguration
The Studio Technologies’ STcontroller software applica-
tion is used to congure the way in which the Model 232
functions. No DIP switch settings or other local actions are
used to congure the unit. This makes it imperative that
STcontroller be available for convenient use on a personal
computer that’s connected to the related LAN.
Changes made using STcontroller will be immediately
reected in the unit’s operation; no Model 232 reboot is
required. Each time a change is made the eight LEDs as-
sociated with the multi-purpose display on the Model 232’s
front panel will light orange in a distinctive pattern to indicate
that a command from STcontroller has been received.
Installing STcontroller
STcontroller is available free of charge on the Studio Tech-
nologies’ website (studio-tech.com). Versions are available
that are compatible with computers running the Windows
and macOS operating systems.
If required, download and install STcontroller onto the des-
ignated personal computer. This personal computer must
be on the same local area network (LAN) and subnet as
the Model 232 unit(s) that are to be congured. Immediately
after starting STcontroller the application will locate all the
Studio Technologies’ devices that it can control. The one
or more Model 232 units to be congured will appear in the
device list. Use the Identify command to allow a specic
Model 232 unit to be easily recognized. Double-clicking
on a device name will cause the associated conguration
menu to appear. Review the current conguration and make
any changes that are desired.

Issue 7, January 2023 Model 232 User Guide
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ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
General Menu Page
The following conguration selections are available in STcontroller’s General menu selections tab:
Microphone Input – Analog Mic In P48: This section has
two congurable choices: O and On.
STcontroller allows the analog microphone input’s P48
phantom power source to be enabled or disabled. The
real-time status of the P48 source is displayed both in
STcontroller and by way of an orange LED that is located
on the Model 232’s back panel adjacent to the analog
microphone input connector. Select On or O to meet the
needs of the connected microphone.
No problems will occur if an external source of P12 or P48
phantom power is present on the connection made to the
analog microphone output connector. In this case, simply
turn o󰀨 the Model 232’s P48 phantom power source. The
external source of microphone power will “pass thru” from
the analog microphone output connector to the device
connected to the analog microphone input connector.
Microphone Input – Analog Mic Input Limiter: This sec-
tion has two congurable choices: O and On.
A level limiting function can be applied to the analog mi-
crophone input. This can be useful in helping to prevent
overload of the signal associated with the analog input
when it is utilized by the main and talkback output channels.
When O is selected no limiter action will take place. When
On is selected the limiter function will be active.
Microphone Input – Source: This section has two cong-
urable choices: Analog Mic In and Dante Mic In.
Using STcontroller the Model 232’s microphone source
can be selected. When Analog Mic In is selected the audio
source will be the device connected to the analog micro-
phone input connector. As expected, a signal connected
to the analog microphone input will rst pass through the
microphone preamplifier circuitry. An audio signal that
arrives by way of the Model 232’s Dante Mic In receiver

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Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
(input) channel can also be utilized. Any audio signal that is
present on this Dante receiver (input) channel can serve as
the Model 232’s microphone source. This could be useful,
for example, where the output of a wireless microphone
receiver or a console microphone channel could e󰀨ectively
be utilized as the Model 232’s microphone source.
Analog Microphone Input – Analog Gain: This section
can be congured from among the following range: 20 to
65 dB in 1-dB steps.
When the Model 232’s microphone input source is selected
for Analog Mic In the gain of the microphone preamplier
can be adjusted over a range of 20 to 65 dB in 1-dB steps.
There’s no problem changing the gain setting while the unit
is operating although small audio clicks or pops may occur
during gain transitions. Selecting the correct amount of gain
for an application might require some experimentation. The
goal is to bring the analog microphone’s signal up to the
Dante reference level which Studio Technologies considers
to be –20 dBFS. (This is 20 dB below digital maximum.)
Operating at this “reference” signal level will help ensure
the delivery of “clean” audio to the destination devices.
There’s no “perfect” preamplier gain setting that this guide
can recommend. The two issues that impact the setting are
the output sensitivity of the connected microphone and the
acoustical output level of the microphone’s user. With some
microphones or headsets, such as the popular Sennheiser
HMD 26 or HMD 27, selecting an initial setting of 40 or 45
dB would be appropriate. Users who speak loudly might
need to have their gain reduced to 35 or even 30 dB. “Quiet”
users might need a gain setting of 50 or 55 dB.
STcontroller includes a “virtual” level meter which is located
to the right of the gain graphic “slider.” It also includes an
indication of when the limiter function is actively controlling
the signal level. The level meter will typically be used as
a guide when adjusting the preamplier gain setting. The
level meter function can be enabled or disabled as desired.
However, it should be disabled when not required in order
to reduce the amount of network data tra󰀩c being trans-
ported to and from the Model 232. When a voice signal at
a normal level is present on the connected microphone
or headset the level meter’s green area should light. The
orange section should light on signal peaks. The red zone
and the limiter active indicator should never light.
The multi-purpose display, located on the front panel of
the Model 232, can serve as an 8-segment audio level
meter which can be used when setting the microphone
preamplier gain. When a voice signal at a normal level is
present on the connected microphone or headset the ve
green LEDs should light. The two orange LEDs should light
on signal peaks; the red LED will only light when the signal
is near to or actually “clipping.”
The signal present/peak LED, located on the unit’s back
panel below the analog microphone input connector, can
also be used as a guide when setting the microphone
preamplier gain. This LED can light orange during signal
peaks, but should never light solid red as that would indi-
cate an undesirably high-level condition.
As a “reality check,” it’s recommended that a level meter
associated with a device that’s digitally connected to the
Model 232’s Dante Main transmitter (output) channel be
observed. That will be an excellent means of checking the
actual signal level within the signal “chain.” If necessary,
adjust the gain of the Model 232’s analog microphone
preamplier to achieve the desired result.
Dante Microphone Input – Dante Trim: This section can
be configured from among the following range: –20 to
20 dB in 1-dB steps.
A separate input gain setting is provided in STcontroller if
the microphone source has been selected to be the Dante
Mic In receiver (input) channel. A configuration choice
allows adjustment over a range of –20 to 20 dB in 1-dB
steps. The information provided in the previous section,
Analog Gain, is also appropriate when adjusting the Dante
Trim value. The usual goal is to achieve a nominal Dante
transmitter (output) level of –20 dBFS when a typical au-
dio signal is being provided on the Dante Mic In receiver
(input) channel.
System – Mic Level Display: This section has three
congurable choices: O, Always On, and On When Main
Active.
An eight-LED bi-color multi-purpose display is provided on
the front panel of the Model 232. It can display the level
of the selected microphone input source. (The source is
congured, in a separate STcontroller menu choice, to be
either the output of the analog microphone preamplier or
the Dante Mic In receiver (input) channel.) This congu-
ration choice is used to enable or disable the microphone
level display function as is appropriate for an application.
It’s possible that the display will only be enabled during
setup and testing of an application. After performance
conrmation, including setting of the preamplier gain or
Dante trim level, a user may request that the microphone
level display function be turned o󰀨.
System – Signal Present Display: This section has four
congurable choices: O, Main Inputs, Talkback Inputs,
and All Inputs.
The top surface of the four rotary encoders can light as
an indication of the level of the audio signal associated
with a specic rotary encoder and related input function.
RGB (red-green-blue) LEDs are located within each

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ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
rotary encoder and create the colors that are displayed. A
rotary encoder knob will light green when the signal level
is within the normal range, yellow when the signal level
is greater than normal, and red when the signal level is high
enough to risk degrading the audio performance.
The ability of the rotary encoders to provide a signal
present indication can be enabled or disabled as desired.
The four rotary encoders are organized into two groups.
One group consists of the two rotary encoders associated
with the Main inputs. The other group consists of the two
rotary encoders associated with the Talkback inputs. A
conguration setting in STcontroller allows which group, or
groups, will provide a signal present display. Which exact
conguration is selected will depend on the requirements of
an application and the personal tastes of Model 232 users.
Note that even if the Signal Present Display function is
congured for O each rotary encoder will still display their
operating states using LED illumination: blue for normal
and purple for mute.
System – LED Intensity and Action: This section has four
congurable choices: High, Low, High – Main O When
Inactive, and Low – Main O When Inactive.
The pushbutton switches, rotary encoders, and multi-
purpose display have LED indicators associated with them.
The LED Intensity and Action conguration choices allows
the overall intensity of these LEDs to be selected. In addi-
tion, the choices allow the LED action in the main output
pushbutton switch to be selected. Typically, deciding which
intensity choice is appropriate will depend on the amount of
ambient light present where the Model 232 is located. One
of the high settings would usually be used where there is
signicant ambient light present.
In most announcer’s console applications an LED would
be lit in the main pushbutton switch to indicate that the
function is in its o󰀨, inactive, or standby state. In the case
of the Model 232 by default the main pushbutton will light
red when the function is o󰀨 and green when the function is
on. To assist users who have trouble with color discrimina-
tion (“color blindness”) the main pushbutton switch can be
congured to not light when the function is o󰀨 (not active).
When selecting either of these conguration choices the
green LED associated with the main pushbutton switch will
light green when the function is active; the pushbutton’s red
LED will never light.
System – Dante Aux Output: This section has four con-
gurable choices: O, Hot Mic, Tally Tone, and Main with
18 kHz Tone.
The Dante Aux transmitter (output) channel is available
for special applications and is capable of providing a vari-
ety of audio signals. Each conguration choice has been
carefully selected and may prove useful in sophisticated
applications.
When Hot Mic is selected audio associated with the output
of the Model 232’s microphone preamplier will always be
present on the Dante Aux transmitter (output) channel. (The
input source for the preamplier will always be the analog
microphone input.) The Hot Mic function can be very useful
but has the potential for abuse. By the very nature of a hot
mic function, no button press by the user will cause the
audio signal on the Dante Aux transmitter (output) channel
to become inactive. Users must be aware that audio from
the microphone preamplier will always be present on this
Dante transmitter (output) channel. A level anomaly can
also be present when the Dante Aux transmitter (output)
is configured for Hot Mic. Refer to the Technical Notes
section for details.
When Tally Tone is selected a 20 kHz sine wave signal
at a level of –20 dBFS will be present on the Dante Aux
transmitter (output) channel whenever the Main output
function is active. This is provided as a control signal for
use in REMI/At-Home or other specialized applications. A
20 kHz tone being present on the Dante Aux transmitter
(output) will serve as the tally signal indicating that audio
may be present on the Dante Main transmitter (output)
channel.
Main with 18 kHz Tone is an interesting configuration
choice. Whenever the Dante Main transmitter (output)
channel is active the signal on the Dante Aux transmitter
(output) channel will consist of a combination of audio from
the selected microphone input source (either the output of
the microphone preamplier or the Dante Mic In receiver
(input) channel) and an 18 kHz sine wave tone. In this way,
a single Dante transmitter (output) channel will contain both
on-air audio and a tally indicator that is specically provided
for REMI/At-Home applications. Other products from Studio
Technologies, including the Model 5422A Dante Intercom
Audio Engine and the Model 391 Dante Alerting Unit, can
directly utilize this signal.
System – Analog Mic Output: This section has two con-
gurable choices: Switched and Always On.
On the Model 232’s back panel is a 3-pin male XLR
connector that is labeled Mic Out. The way in which this
output acts is determined by the Analog Mic Output con-
guration choice. If Switched is selected then audio from
the analog microphone input connector will be routed to
the analog microphone output connector whenever audio
is present on the Dante Main transmitter (output) channel.
The analog microphone output connector will be muted
whenever the Dante Main transmitter (output) channel is
not active. If Always On is selected then audio from the

Model 232 User Guide Issue 7, January 2023
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Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
analog microphone input connector will always be routed
to the analog microphone output connector.
No matter which conguration choice is selected phantom
power that is present on the analog microphone output
connector will pass through to the analog microphone input
connector. This is intentional and will not cause damage
to the Model 232. However, for correct operation only one
source of phantom power should be enabled at any one
time. In practical terms this means that if phantom power
is being provided by an external connection to the analog
microphone output connector (such as from a microphone
input of an audio console or remote I/O interface) then the
Model 232’s analog microphone input P48 phantom power
source should be disabled.
System – Encoder Minimum Level: This section has
three congurable choices: –30 dB, –40 dB, and Full Mute.
The Model 232 has four rotary encoders, two associated
with the main section and two associated with the talkback
section. This conguration determines the minimum level
of signals associated with the rotary encoders as they
are turned in their counterclockwise (CCW) direction. The
–30 dB and –40 dB settings ensure that some audio signal
will always pass through to the headphone output. This can
be useful when it’s critical for audio to always be present
on the headphone output; a user can’t inadvertently fully
mute audio input signals when turning a rotary encoder.
The Full Mute setting is quite di󰀨erent, ensuring that when
a rotary encoder is moved counterclockwise (CCW) to the
end of its level steps the associated audio input signal(s)
will fully mute.
System – Sidetone Mode: This section has four cong-
urable choices: O, Main Button, Talkback Buttons, and
Main and Talkback Buttons.
Sidetone is audio from the selected microphone input
source that is sent to the analog and Dante headphone
outputs. This can be important, allowing a user to “hear”
themselves for performance confirmation and comfort.
Making a specic selection from among the four available
modes will depend on the needs of the application. If a “full
mix” is being supplied to the Model 232 then locally pro-
vided sidetone won’t be needed and the O conguration
choice should be selected.
If “mix-minus” audio is being supplied to the Model 232
then selecting a mode which enables sidetone can be
an important means of establishing user condence. The
specic sidetone mode that is selected will establish exactly
when sidetone audio will be sent to the headphone outputs.
If the Main Button choice is selected then sidetone audio
will be sent to the headphone outputs whenever the audio
signal associated with the selected microphone source is
present on the Dante Main transmitter (output) channel. If
the Talkback Buttons mode is selected then the sidetone
function will be active whenever either or both of the talk-
back functions are active. Selecting the Main and Talkback
Buttons mode will cause the sidetone function to be active
whenever the selected microphone audio signal is present
on the Dante Main transmitter (output) channel or either of
the Dante Talkback transmitter (output) channels.
System – Sidetone Routing: This section has three con-
gurable choices: Left, Right, and Left and Right.
Sidetone is audio from the selected microphone input
source. A conguration choice allows the sidetone audio
signal to be routed to the headphone outputs’ left channel,
right channel, or both the left and right channels. The
sidetone signal will be routed to the selected channels of
both the analog and Dante headphone outputs.
Remote Inputs / Tally Output – Overview
The Model 232 provides four contact closure inputs that
can be utilized in installer-implemented remote-control
applications. They are physically located inside the Model
232’s enclosure on the main printed circuit board and
accessible using two 3-pin male “header” connectors. The
same electrical connection used for Remote Control In 2
can also be congured to provide a low-voltage, low-current
DC output tally signal. A technician will make connections
to the headers and will then install one or two connectors
in the Model 232’s back panel. Refer to the Technical Notes
section for details.
System – Remote Control In 1: This section has four
congurable choices: O, Main Button, Talkback 1 Button,
and Talkback 2 Button.
The action performed when Remote Control In 1 is
enabled will follow the conguration selected from among
six choices. When O is selected no action will be asso-
ciated with Remote Control In 1. When Main Button is
selected activating Remote Control In 1 will provide the
same function as pressing the main button. (A separate
conguration choice allows the action of the main button
to be selected.) When either of the talkback button choices
are selected then activating Remote Control In 1 will cause
the selected talkback function to change state. The precise
action of the remote talkback function will be identical to
how the associated talkback button is congured. (Sepa-
rate conguration choices allow the action of the talkback
buttons to be selected.)

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ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
System – Remote Control In 2 / Tally Out: This section
has five configurable choices: Off, Main Button, Talk-
back 1 Button, Talkback 2 Button, and Main Out Tally.
The configuration choices for Remote Control In 2 are
the same as those provided for Remote Control In 1 with
the addition of a choice of Main Out Tally. When this con-
guration choice is selected then the physical pin on this
“header” connector becomes an output. It provides a main
output active (tally) signal, changing from 0 to 3.3 volts DC
whenever microphone audio is present on the Dante Main
transmitter (output) channel.
System – Remote Control In 3: The conguration choices
for Remote Control In 3 are the same as those provided
for Remote Control In 1.
System – Remote Control In 4: The conguration choices
for Remote Control In 4 are the same as those provided
for Remote Control In 1.
Main – Encoder 1 Tap to Mute: This section has two
congurable choices: O and On.
This configuration determines the manner in which the
Main 1 rotary encoder functions in relation to the mute
action.
If On is selected then momentarily pressing (tapping) the
knob associated with the rotary encoder for Main 1 will
cause the associated audio input channels to mute. The
knob will light purple when mute is active.
If O is selected then momentarily pressing (tapping) the
knob associated with the rotary encoder for Main 1 will not
cause the associated audio input channels to mute. When
pressed, the knob will ash purple ve times to indicate
that the encoder press was recognized but no action is
taking place.
Main – Encoder 2 Tap to Mute: The conguration choices
for Main – Encoder 2 Tap to Mute are the same as those
provided for Main – Encoder 1 Tap to Mute.
Talkback Channels Menu Page

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Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
The following conguration selections are available in STcontroller’s Talkback Channels menu selections tab. The
conguration selections apply individually to the two talkback channels.
Phones Routing: This section has three congurable choices: Left, Right, and Left and Right.
the Dante Talkback receiver (input) channel can always
be monitored using the headphone outputs. No main or
talkback button press will impact the ability to monitor the
talkback source.
If Main Out Active is selected then monitoring of the source
connected to the Dante Talkback receiver (input) channel
can only take place when the main output function is active.
If Main Out Inactive is selected then the opposite action will
take place. Only when the main output function is inactive
can the source connected to the Dante Talkback receiver
(input) channel be monitored. When Talkback 1 Active
is selected then the source connected to the Dante Talk-
back 1 receiver (input) channel can only be monitored when
the Talkback 1 function is active. Note that this function will
only apply to the specic talkback function that is being
congured, i.e., Talkback 1 or Talkback 2.
A conguration choice allows the signal that arrives on the
Model 232’s Dante Talkback receiver (input) channel to
be routed to the left channel, right channel, or both the left
and right channels of the analog and Dante headphone
outputs. A rotary encoder is associated with the talkback
function and is used to control the on/o󰀨 status and level
of the Dante Talkback receiver (input) source.
Listen Mode: This section has four congurable choices:
Always, Main Out Active, Main Out Inactive, and
Talkback 1 Active.
This conguration choice selects under which operating
mode(s) the audio source connected to the Dante Talkback
receiver (input) channel will be routed to the analog and
Dante headphone outputs. This is a somewhat esoteric
conguration but can prove useful in specialized applica-
tions. If Always is selected an audio source connected to

Issue 7, January 2023 Model 232 User Guide
Page 18 Studio Technologies, Inc.
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ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
Encoder Tap to Mute: This section has two congurable
choices: O and On.
This configuration determines the manner in which the
Model 232’s two talkback rotary encoders function in rela-
tion to the mute action.
If On is selected then momentarily pressing (tapping) the
knob associated with a rotary encoder will cause the as-
sociated audio input channel to mute. The knob will light
purple when mute is active.
If O is selected then momentarily pressing (tapping) the
knob associated with a rotary encoder will not cause the
associated audio input channel to mute. When pressed, the
knob will ash purple ve times to indicate that the encoder
press was recognized but no action is taking place.
Button Mode: This section has three congurable choices:
Push to Talk, Latching, and Hybrid.
The manner in which each talkback button functions can
be congured from among three choices. If Push to Talk is
selected the button’s function will normally be inactive and
the LED associated with the button will not be lit. Whenever
the talkback button is pressed its associated function will
become active and the button’s green LED will light.
When the Latching mode is selected and the associated
talkback button is pressed, the button’s function will alter-
nate between its active and inactive state. The button’s
green LED will be lit whenever the function is active. Upon
Model 232 power up the function will be in its inactive state
and its LED will not be lit.
The Hybrid mode is a combination of the Push to Talk and
Latching modes. It’s similar to the way in which pushbutton
switches often function in user stations associated with
broadcast or production intercom systems. If the talkback
button is pressed and held the associated function will be
active. It will stay active until the button is released. If the
talkback button is momentarily tapped the status of the
function will change, either from inactive-to-active or from
active-to-inactive. The talkback button’s green LED will be
lit whenever the function is active. Upon Model 232 power
up the talkback button will be in its inactive state and its
LED will not be lit.
Button Function: This section has five configurable
choices: Talk, Talk with 18 kHz Tone, Call, 20 kHz Tone,
and Disabled.
The action caused by a talkback button being active can
be congured from among ve choices including being
disabled. Each choice is unique and is worth contemplating
how it can serve a specic application. If congured for
Talk, whenever the associated talkback function is active
then microphone audio will be sent out the associated
Dante Talkback transmitter (output) channel. This is the
typical talkback action where audio from an announcer
or commentator is sent to broadcast support personnel
including directors, producers, “spotters,” or statisticians.
The Dante Talkback transmitter (output) channel might be
routed directly to an amplied loudspeaker, audio monitor
panel, or input on a matrix intercom system.
The Talk with 18 kHz Tone function is similar to the Talk
mode except that an 18 kHz sine wave tone at a level of
–20 dBFS is added (summed) with the microphone audio.
It is intended for use in REMI/At-Home applications where
a “pilot tone” needs to be sent along with microphone audio.
This is specically provided for use with the tone-activated
(“TOX”) talent cue (IFB) function supported in the Studio
Technologies’ Model 5422A Dante Intercom Audio Engine
product. The 18 kHz tone will serve as the “trigger,” en-
abling microphone audio coming from a Model 232 to pass
through a Model 5422A and on to a talent cue listener.
The Call function is provided to emulate the call button
function provided on certain intercom equipment. If a talk-
back button is congured for Call, whenever it is enabled a
20 kHz sine wave tone at a level of –20 dBFS will be sent
out an active Model 232 talkback channel that is congured
for either the Talk or the Talk with 18 kHz Tone modes. The
20 kHz sine wave will be combined with microphone audio
and, if congured, the 18 kHz tone. This function can allow
a Model 232 to serve as both an announcer’s console and
an intercom user station.
When 20 kHz Tone is selected and its associated talkback
button is pressed, only 20 kHz sine wave audio at a level of
–20 dBFS will be sent out the associated Dante transmitter
(output) channel. This function can be useful for triggering
other functions associated with connected devices such
as the Model 5422A Dante Intercom Audio Engine and the
Model 391 Dante Alerting Unit.
The Disabled selection allows a talkback button to not
impact the performance of the other Model 232 resources.
This can simplify the user experience when an application
isn’t utilizing all of the talkback buttons. When a talkback
function has be disabled tapping the associated button
will cause its LED to ash red four times to indicate that
it’s doing nothing. If the button is pressed and held its red
LED will ash continuously.
Impact on Main Output: This section has two congurable
choices: None and Mutes.
A conguration choice selects how enabling a talkback
function will interact with the main output function. For on-
air use the choice of Mutes would typically be selected. In
this way, a user pressing a talkback button will cause

Model 232 User Guide Issue 7, January 2023
Studio Technologies, Inc. Page 19
Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
microphone audio present on the Dante Main transmitter
(output) channel to automatically mute. This would be the
normal operating condition in an announcer’s console
application; the microphone audio content that’s being
sent to a talkback channel isn’t intended to be heard by
broadcast listeners!
For special Model 232 applications the None conguration
choice may be desired. When selected for this mode micro-
phone audio remains present on the Dante Main transmitter
(output) channel, whether or not the talkback function be-
comes active. This might be appropriate if a Model 232 is
being used as an intercom station or in a stage manager
console application.
Tone Detect Function: This section has three congurable
choices: None, Call Light, and IFB (Dims Main Phones
Audio).
The Model 232 has the ability to detect a high-frequency
tone that’s present on a Dante Talkback receiver (input)
channel. This detection capability can be used for two
unique actions – one is to create a call light function and
the other to create a talent cue (IFB) function. If the tone
detect function is not needed the conguration choice of
None would be appropriate.
A valid tone is dened as a signal that’s continuously pres-
ent in the Dante Talkback receiver (input) channel with a
frequency of approximately 15 kHz or greater. (There is
no means to allow a momentary tone to create a latching
function.) The talkback audio source can consist of just a
high-frequency tone, but more typically will be a combi-
nation of a high-frequency tone and a voice or broadcast
program audio signal.
The Call Light function is provided such that an intercom
call tone signal, when present on a Dante Talkback receiv-
er (input) channel, will result in the associated talkback
rotary encoder knob flashing yellow. It will also cause
the multi-purpose display to ash orange. By design the
multi-purpose display will ash a maximum of ve times
while the rotary encoder knob will continue to ash as long
as a call tone is detected. The call light function allows the
Model 232 to be integrated into an intercom application that
uses high-frequency call signals. For example, intercom
stations, such as the Studio Technologies’ Model 348, can
generate call signals which can be detected by the Model
232’s talkback input channels. In addition, voice or program
audio that’s present on this Dante Talkback receiver (input)
channel can be routed to either or both the headphone out-
put channels. Before the signal is routed to the headphone
outputs it will pass through a low-pass lter (LPF) which
removes the high-frequency call tone content.
Selecting IFB (Dims Main Phones Audio) allows a broad-
cast type talent cue (IFB) function to be created directly
inside the Model 232. This can be very useful in REMI/
At-Home applications where there may not be a central
location that supports generation of talent cues. By using
the Model 232’s tone detect function in the IFB (Dims Main
Phones Audio) mode, simply providing interrupt audio along
with a high-frequency “pilot” or activation tone will allow a
broadcast-standard IFB signal to be created.
The actual IFB function’s action is very simple. If a high-
frequency tone is detected on the Dante Talkback receiver
(input) channel the Model 232 will respond by attenuating
(dimming or reducing in level) the audio associated with the
Dante Main receiver (input) channels to which the talkback
audio has been assigned to. For example, if the talkback
audio source has been assigned to the left headphone
channel then audio coming from a Dante Main receiver
(input) channel that is routed to the left phones channel
will be attenuated (“dimmed”) whenever the IFB function
is active. The audio level associated with the Dante Main
receiver (input) signals will return to normal when the
high-frequency tone is no longer present. The attenuation
(dim) level is xed at 15 dB which should work well for
virtually all IFB applications. As previously mentioned, be-
fore the talkback signal is routed to the headphone output
it will pass through a low-pass lter (LPF) which removes
the high-frequency call tone content. Additional details on
this function are provided in the Technical Notes section.
Operation
At this point all connections and conguration steps should
have been completed and Model 232 operation should be
ready to commence. In most cases an Ethernet connection
with Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) capability will have been
made to the Primary-PoE Ethernet connector. Alternately, a
source of 12 volts DC may have been connected to provide
power for the Model 232. A second Ethernet connection
may be present if Redundant Dante is being utilized by
the application. A microphone and a pair of headphones
or earbuds should have been connected. Alternately, a
broadcast-style headset may have been connected. If
desired, a connection to the analog microphone output will
have been made.
Using the Dante Controller software application the Model
232’s network interface and audio channel routing congu-
ration should have been made. In this way, the operational
characteristics of the unit’s two Ethernet interfaces will have
been selected. In addition, some or all of the six Dante
transmitter (output) channels and seven Dante receiver
(input) channels will have been routed, by way of Dante
“subscriptions,” to the receiver and transmitter channels on
associated Dante-enabled equipment.

Issue 7, January 2023 Model 232 User Guide
Page 20 Studio Technologies, Inc.
Model 232
ANNOUNCER’S CONSOLE
Three of the Model 232’s Dante transmitter (output) chan-
nels are associated with the Main and Talkback functions.
Another Dante transmitter (output) channel is associated
with the Model 232’s Aux output. Two additional Dante
transmitter (output) channels are digital duplicates of the
2-channel (stereo) analog headphone output. Six of the
Dante receiver (input) channels are associated with the
main and talkback headphone monitor sections. These
inputs have associated rotary encoders to adjust the sig-
nal levels as they are sent to the headphone output “mix.”
A seventh Dante receiver (input) channel can be used to
provide an alternate microphone input signal.
Using the Studio Technologies’ STcontroller software ap-
plication, the Model 232’s operating conguration should
have been selected to meet the needs of the application.
An extensive range of congurable parameters is available,
allowing the way in which a specic Model 232 operates
to be quite unique.
Initial Operation
The Model 232 will start to function as soon as a Pow-
er-over-Ethernet (PoE) or a 12 volts DC power source is
connected. However, it may take up to 30 or 40 seconds
for full operation to commence. Upon initial power up the
various status LEDs, located on the back panel, along with
the rotary encoders, multi-purpose display, and pushbutton
switch LEDs on the front panel, will light as the internal
processors, Ethernet network, and Dante interface begin to
function. The various LEDs will then become operational,
displaying the status of their associated functions.
Power Status LEDs
An LED labeled PoE is located below the Primary-PoE
Ethernet connector on the Model 232’s back panel. It will
light green if an Ethernet signal that is providing PoE pow-
er is connected. An LED labeled DC is located below the
4-pin XLR connector that is provided for connection to a
DC power source. It will light green if a source of 10 to 18
volts DC is connected. If both the PoE and DC LEDs are lit
then the PoE Ethernet connection will be providing Model
232 operating power. The DC power supply will be ready
as a “hot standby” should the PoE source fail.
Ethernet Status LEDs
Four Ethernet status LEDs are located below the two eth-
erCON RJ45 connectors on the Model 232’s back panel.
The LINK ACT LED will light green whenever an active
connection to an Ethernet network has been established.
It will ash in response to Ethernet data packet activity on
that interface. The GbE LED will light orange when an active
Gigabit Ethernet connection is present on that interface,
something that is required for optimal operation.
Dante Status LEDs
The SYS and SYNC LEDs, also located on the back panel,
display the operating status of the Dante interface and its
associated network activity. (The Model 232 has one Dante
interface although single and redundant local area networks
(Redundant Dante) can be connected.) After lighting red
and green as part of the power-up sequence the SYS LED
will light red to indicate that the Dante interface is not ready.
After a short interval it should light green to indicate that it
is ready to pass data with other Dante devices. The SYNC
LED will also be part of the power-up sequence and will
light red when the Model 232 is not synchronized with a
Dante network. It will light solid green when the Model 232
is synchronized with a Dante network and an external clock
source (timing reference) is being received. It will slowly
ash green when this specic Model 232 is part of a Dante
network and is serving as the Leader clock. It’s possible
that up to 30 or 40 seconds may be required for the SYNC
LED to reach its nal state.
P48 Power Status LED
An LED indicator is located on the Model 232’s back panel
adjacent to the analog microphone input connector. It is
labeled P48 and will light red whenever the analog micro-
phone input’s P48 phantom power source is active and ca-
pable of providing DC power to the connected microphone.
Microphone Input Signal Active LED and Mic
Preamp Gain
An LED indicator is located on the back panel adjacent
to the analog microphone input connector. It is labeled
SIG PEAK and displays the output level of the Model
232’s microphone preamplier. The LED will light green
when a signal at a normal level is present on the out-
put of the microphone preamplifier. The LED will light
orange when a signal is above the normal level but audio
quality is not being compromised. This is a “warning”
indication that should be noted as a potential issue.
The LED lighting orange in response to an occasional
signal peak is not a problem. If the LED lights red then the
signal from the microphone preamplier is close to, or has
reached, its maximum level. A signal reaching “clipping”
must be avoided to ensure that microphone audio quality
has not been compromised. The Model 232’s limiter func-
tion, when enabled, will minimize the chance that clipping
will occur. The limiter function being active on more than
an infrequent occasion will normally indicate that the gain
of the microphone preamplier should be reduced. Refer
to the Microphone Input – Analog Gain section for details
on how to best to congure the gain of the microphone
preamplier.