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Tektronix AM 502 User manual

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y

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
. .
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1r
Advanced Test Equipment Rentals
www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832)
®
E
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
1
9
8
1
BEFORE
READING
070-1582-01
PLEASE
CHECK
FOR
CHANGE
INFORMA
TION
AT
THE
REAR
OF
THIS
MANUAL
.
THIS
MANUAL
REPRINTED
MARCH
1978
TEKTRONIX
A
I~
5®~
DIFFERENTIAL
AlUIPL1FIER
INSTRUCTION
MANUAL
Tektronix,
Inc
.
P.O
.
Box
500
Beaverton,
Oregon
97077

Serial
Number
First
Printing
MAY
1973
WARRANTY
This Tektronix instrument
is
warranted
against
defective
materials
and
workmanship
for
one
year
.
Any
questions
with
respect
to
the
warranty
should
be taken
up
with
your
Tektronix
Field
Engineer
or
representative
.
All
requests
for
repairs
and
replacement
parts
should
be
directed
to
the
Tektronix
Field
Office
or
representative
in
your
area
.
This
will
assure
you
the
fastest
possible
service
.
Please
include
the
instrument
type
number
or part
number
and
serial
number
with
all
requests
for
parts
or
service
.
Copyright
~~
1973,
1978
by
Tektronix,
Inc
.
All
rights
reserved
:
Contents
of
this
publication
may
not be
reproduced
in
any
form
without
the
permission
of
Tektronix,
lnc
:
Products
of
Tektronix,
Inc
.
and
its
subsidiaries
are
covered
by
U
.S
.
and
foreign
patents
and/or
pending
patents
.
TEKTRONIX,
TEK,
SCOPE-M08fLE,
TELEQUIPMENT,
and
are
registered
trademarks
of
Tektronix,
Inc
.
Printed
in
U
.S
:A
:
Specification
and
price
change
privileges
are
reserved
.
REV
.
B
MAR
1978
Page
SECTION
1

OPERATING
INSTRUCTIONS
SECTION
2

SPECIFICATION
AND
PERFORMANCE
CHECK

2-1
WARNING
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
The
remaining
portion
of
this
Table of
Contents
lists
servicing
instructions
that
expose
personnel
to
hazardous
voltages
.
These
instructions
are
for qualified
service
personnel
only
.
SECTION
3

ADJUSTMENT

3
-
~
SECTION
4

MAINTENANCE
AND
INTERFACING
INFORMATION

4-1
SECTION
5

CIRCUIT
DESCRIPTION

5-1
SECTION
6

OPTIONS

6'1
SECTION
7

REPLACEABLE
ELECTRICAL
PARTS

7-1
SECTION
8

DIAGRAM
AND
CIRCUIT
BOARD
ILLUSTRATION

8-1
SECTION
9

REPLACEABLE
MECHANICAL
PARTS
AND
EXPLODED
VIEW

9-~
CHANGE
INFORMATION
AM
502
AM
502
Differential
Amplifier
plug-in
module
.
i!

REV
.
B
MAR
1978
Description
INTRODUCTION

Installation
and
Removal
The
AM
502
is
a
dc-coupled
differential
amplifier
with
excellent
common-mode
rejection
capabilities
and
high
gain
for
low
voltage
measurements
.
The
do
offset
capabili-
ty
permits
nulling
up
to
1
volt
dc,
so
that
low
level,
low
frequency
signals
impressed
on
a
do
level
can
be
amplified
without the
degradation
often
introduced
by ac
input
coupling
.
High
andlow
frequency
-3
dB
points
can
be
selected
at
the
front
panel
to
suit
the
application
.
Signal
inputs
and
outputs
are
available
at
the
rear
connector
as
well
as
at
the
front
panel
.
A
front
panel
lamp
indicates
most
overrange
conditions
of
excessive
input
signal,
excessive
gain,
or excessive
offset
.
The
input
circuit
can
be
represented
by
approximately
1
megohm
to
ground
paralleled
by
approximately
47
picofarads
.
The
input
impedancecan
be
raised to
about
200
megohms
with
the
removal
of
a
jumper
.
Overload
protection
is
provided
by
fuses
in
series
with
the
input
which
open
when
large
amounts
of
currentflow
due
to
overloading
conditions
.
A
STEP
GAIN
DC
BALANCE
control
is
provided
to
adjust
for
zero
shift
as thegain switch
is
changed
from
one
position
to
another
.
The
DC
OFFSET
COARSE
and
FINE
controls give
offset
up
to
fi
volt
do
potential
difference
at
the
input
connectors
.
The
amplifier
internal
bias
is
changed
to
accomplish
the
offset
.
The
LF
-3dB
switch
mustbe
in
the
DC
OFFSET
position
to
actuate
these
controls
.
The
HF
-3
dB
switch
is
used
to
reduce
the
upper
bandwidth
limit
as
necessary
to
improve
the
signal-to-
noise
ratio
when
using the
AM
502
in
low-frequency
applications
.
The
LF
-3
dB
control
increases
the
lower
bandwidth
frequency
.
Use
of
the pre-charging
feature
prevents
surge
currents,
due
to
charging
the ac coupling
capacitor,
from
damaging
the
circuit
under
test
.
REV
.
CMAR
1978
Overheating
Section
1-AM
502
OPERATING
INSTRUCTIONS
CAUTION
Turn
the
power
module
off
before
inserting
the
plug-
in
;
otherwise,
damage
may
occur
to
the
plug-in
circuitry
.
Because
of the high current
drawn
by
the
AM
502,
it is
also
recommended
that
the
power
module
be
turned
off
before
removing
the
AM
502
.
Refer
to
Fig
.
1-1
.
Check
to
see
that
the
plastic
barriers
on
the
interconnecting
jack of theselected
power
modulecompartment
match
the
cut-outs
in
the
AM
502
circuit
board
edge
connector
.
Align the
AM
502
chassis
with
the
upper
and
lower
guides
of
the
selected
compartment
.
Push
the
module
in
and
press
firmly to
seat
the
circuit
board
in
the
inter-
connecting
jack
.
To
remove
the
AM
502,
pull
on
the
release
latch
located
in
the
lower
left
`corner,
until
the
interconnecting
jack
disengages
and
the
AM
502
will
slide
out
.
Controls
and
Connectors
Refer
to
Fig
.
1-2
.
Even
though
the
AM
502
is
fully
calibrated
and
ready
to
use,
the
functions
and
actions
of
the
controls
and
connectors
should
be reviewed before
attempting
to
use
it
.
Pull
the
Power
switch
on
the
power
module
to
apply
power
to
the
AM
502
.
The
POWER
indicator
light
indicates
when
power
is
applied
to
the
AM
502
.
OPERATING
CONSIDERATIONS
The
AM
502
is
designed
to
operate
at
an
ambient
temperature
from
0°
to+50°C
.
However,
when
operating
several
power
supplies
in
a
multi-plug-in
power
module,
especially
at
low
output
voltages,
orwhen
operating
close
to
other
heat-producing
equipment,
internal
temperature
may
exceed
safe
limits
and
actuate a thermalcutout
in
the
power
module
.
Refer
to
the
power
module
instruction
manual
for
more
complete
information
.
Operating Instructions-AM 502
Fig
.
1-1
.
Plug-in
installation
and
removal
.
Input
Connections

Probes
Consider
the
change
in
the
source
operating
characteristics
due
to
loading
by
the
signal
input
cables
.
The
circuit
at
the
input
connectors
can
be represented by
approximately
1
megohm
to
ground
paralleled
by
ap-
proximately
47
picofarads
.
Two
feet
of
50
ohm
coaxial
cable
increases the
parallel
capacitance
by
about
60
picofarads,
which
could
be
excessive
in
many
situations
.
To
minimize these
effects,
use
a
higher
impedance
cable
or
an
attenLator
probe
.
Bottom
G
roove
Input
Overloading
Slot
AM
502
(1412)1582-2
Unshielded
test
leads
canbeused
to
connect
the
AM

Attenuator
probes
decrease
the
resistive-capacitive
502
to a
signal
source
when
a
high-level,
low-frequency

loading
of
a
signal
source
.
They
also
extend
the
measure-
signal
is
monitored
at
a
low
impedance
point
.
However,

ment
range
of
the
AM
502
to
substantially
highervoltages
.
when
any
of
these
factors
is
missing,
it
becomes
in-

Some
measurements
require
a
higher
resistance
input
to
creasingly
important
to
use
shielded
signal
cables
.
In
all

the
AM
502,
with
very
little
source
loading
or
signal
cases, the
signal-transporting leads
should
be kept as

attenuation
.
In
such
situations
use
a
FET
probe
or
the
short
as
practical
.

high-impedance
input provision
of
the
AM
502
.
Contact
your
Tektronix
Representative
for
further
information
on
When
making
single-ended
input
measurements
probes
.
(conventional
amplifier
operation),
be
sure
to
establish
a
common
ground
connection
between
the
device
under
test
and
the
AM
502
.
The
shield
of a
coaxial
cable
is

High
Impedance
Input
normally
used
for
this
purpose
.
See
Fig
.1-3
for
reference
.

To
raise the
internal
input
impedance
of
the
AM
502
to
Push
the
GND
button
for
the
input
not
connected
to
the

about
200
megohms,
remove
the
P40
plug
(Fig
.3-1)
.
Make
device
under
test
.

certain
the attenuator
is
in
the
NORM
mode
.
Signal
source
impedance
now
becomes
an
important
factor
.
For
exam-
In
some
cases
differential
measurements
require
no

pie,
a
100
picoampere
gate
current
through
10
megohms
common
chassis
ground
connection,
and
therefore
are

produces
a
one-millivolt
offset
.
This
offset
may
result
in
less
susceptible
to
interference
by
ground-loop
currents
.

significant
error
when
small
voltages
are
measured
.
When
measuring
unknown
do
voltages,
push
the=100
pushbutton
in,
and
start
with
the
100
position
on
the
GAIN
switch
.
Increase
the
GAIN
switch
setting
and
finally
release
the
=100
pushbutton
until
a
suitable
output
signal
is
obtained
.
If
the
input
circuit
of
the
AM
502
is
overdriven,
large
amounts
of
current
will
flow,
opening
the
protective
fuses
.
REV
.
B
MAR
1978
STEPGAIN
DC
BAL
Control
Variable
Gain
Control
con-
tinuously
variable
.
When
lit,
indicates
most
over-
range
conditions
.
AC
Pushbutton
Selects
the
input
signal (ac
or
dc)
into
the
negative side
of
the
preamplifier
.
+
Input
Connector
BNC
connector
for
the
positive
side
of
the amplifier
.
GND
Pushbutton
Grounds
+
amplifier
input
.
G~
Fund
Binding Post
-
Input
Connector
BNC
connector
for the
negative
side
of
the
amplifier
.
REV
.
B
MAR
1978
Release Latch
Pull
to
remove
plug-in
.
100
Pushbutton
Divides
GAIN
switch
setting
by 100
.
Ground
-
amplifier
input
.
Fig
.
1-2
.
AM
502
controls
and
connectors
.
Operating
Instructions-AM
502
DC
OFFSET
COURSE
and
FINE
Controls
Provides
internal
offset
of
approximately
t1
V
to
input
signal
.
LF
-3dB
switch
must
be
in
the
DC
OFFSET
position
for
controls
to
operate
.
When
lit,
indicates
power
is
applied
.
HF
--3dB
Switch
Selects
upper
-3dB
point
of
the
amplifier
.
LF
-3
dB
Switch
~ ~
j
~''~

Selects
lower
-3dB
point
of
the amplifier
and
activates
DC
OFFSET
controls
.
OUTPUT
Connector
Selects
the
input
signal (ac
or
dc)
into
the
positive
side
of
the
preamplifier
.
7
582-9
Operating
Instructions-AM
502
7-4
Waveforms
applied
to
the (+)
and
(-)
input
connectors
.

The
resultant
display
.
Two
signals
of
different
amplitude
.
~~~"""""
C
Gam
"""""""
,
"
.
""
~~rrr~~rr~~
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rrr~r~rr
.~r
"
""~.~

""""
~~J~
""
1
[`
.TL
"
)F3I~l ~Yl
F3
~
i
"
I f
i
L-1Za
il
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-
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.ni~u~u~~
""~r
""""""""""
r~
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~~i~~!!~~
rrrTi~~nn
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!_"
"""""""
~~~IJL~JUtJLil1
Signal
(square
wave)
with
an
inter-
fering
line-frequency
component
is
applied
to
the (+)input
.
The
interfering
signal
(sine
wave)
is
also
applied
to
the
(-)
input
connector
.
Fig
.1-3
.
Waveforms
showing
differential
rejection
ofa
common-mode
signal
.
Resultant
Waveforms
show
the
difference
between
the
two
signals
.
Step
Gain
DC
Balance
1582-5
Output
Connections

If
this
control
is
misadjusted,
the
do
output
level
will
Make
output
connectionsusing
a
bnc
to
dual binding

shift
as the
GAIN
switch
position
is
changed
.
Push
both
post
connector,
or
a
coaxial
cable
with
at
least
onebnc

GND
buttons
and
place the
GAIN
switch
in
the
100
connector
.
To
prevent
current
limiting
in
theoutput
stage,

position
.
Rotate the
GAIN
switch
from
stop
to
stop while
do
not
load
the
output
with
less
than
250
ohms
.
Output

adjusting
the
STEP
GAIN
DC
BAL
control
for
nodo
shiftat
current
is
limited
to
20
milliamperes
.

the
OUTPUT
terminal
.
REV
.
B
MAR
1978
DC
Offset
Coarse
and
Fine
Use
these
controls
to offset
up
to
f1
volt
do
potential
difference
at
the
input
connectors
.
The
amplifier
internal
bias
is
changed
to
accomplish
the
offset
.
The
differential
rejection capabilities of the
AM
502
are
not
affected
.
The
LF
-3dB
switch
must
be
in
the
DCOFFSET
position
to
activate
these
controls
.
HF
and
l-F
Bandwidth
Reduction
Use
the
HF-3dB
switch
to
reduce
the
upper
bandwidth
limit,
as necessary,
to
improve
the
signal-to-noise
ratio
when
using
the
AM
502
in
low-frequency
applications
.
The
LF
-3dB
control
increases the
lower
bandwidth
frequency
.
Use
this
control
to
reduce
do
drift,
when
raising
the
lower
bandwidth
does
not
undesirably
reduce
the
bandwidth
for
the
signal
being
measured
.
Pre-Charging
Use
of
this
feature
prevents
surge
currents,
due
to
charging
the
ac coupling
capacitor
in
the
AM
502,
from
damaging
the
circuit
under
test
.
Before
connecting
the
AM
502
to
a
signal
containing
a
do
component, push
the
AC
and
GND
pushbuttons
.
Connectthe
input
to
the
circuit
under
test
.
Wait
about one second
for
the
coupling
capacitor
to
charge
.
Release
the
GND
pushbutton,
and
the
coupling
capacitor
is
charged
to
the
value
of
the
do
voltage
to
be
measured
.
Differential
Operation
A
differential
measurement
is
made
by
connecting
each
of
the
two
inputs
to
selected
points
in
the
test
circuit
.
The
input
to
the
amplifier
will
then
be
the
difference
in
voltage
of
the
two
selected
points
.
Consideration
should
be
given
to
the
proper
connection
method
used
between
the
AM
502 and
the
circuit
under
test
;
otherwise
improper
measurement
results
may
occur
.
See
Fig
.
1-4
for
reference
.
Differential
voltage
measurements
are
made
by
apply-
ing
the
signals
to
the
+input
and
-input
connectors
.
Set
the
input
coupling switches
to
the
same
position,
AC
or
DC,
depending
on
the
measurement
being
made
.
In
differential
measurements,
only
the
voltage
difference
between
the
two
signals
is
amplified
.
Common
mode
signals
(common
in
amplitude,
phase,
and
frequency)
are
rejected
.
See
Fig
.
1-3
A, B,
and
C
for
reference
.
REV
.
B
MAR
1978
(A)
Right
circuit
under
test
(B)
Wrong
I

I'
___J
circuit
under
test
(C)
Wrong
I
I

probe
shields
I

tied
together
i
probe
shields
should
not
be
floating
Operating
Instructions-AM
502
U
common
ground
I
I

\
I
___J
circuit

probe
shields
should
under
test

not be
grounded
to
equipment
under
test
Differential
Amplifier
Differential
Amplifier
I
Differential
`,

Amplifier
(0931)1582-13
Single-ended
measurements
often
yield
unsatisfactory

Fig
.
1-4
.
Connecting
a
differential
amplifier
to
a
signal
source
.
results
because
of
the
interference
resulting
from
ground-
loop
currents
between
the
AM
502 and
the
device
under

capacitor,
which
could
limit
the
low-frequency
response
.
test
.
In
other
cases,
it
may
be
desirable
to
eliminate
a
do

The
limitations
of
single-ended
measurements
are
effec-
voltage
by
means
other
than
the
use
of a
blocking

tively
eliminated
by
using
differential
measurements
.