
2.2.2 Bypass
Through the intelligent control of the Static Switch module as shown in (Figure 2.1 on page6, Figure 2.2 on page7, and Figure
2.3 on the previous page). containing the controllable electronic switch, the loads can be supplied by the inverter or the
bypass. In normal situation, the loads are supplied by the inverter, in which case the automatic inverter switch at inverter side
is closed. In the case of overload (the overload delay time expires) or inverter failure, the automatic inverter switch is opened,
and the Static Switch module with UPS logic control will automatically transfer the loads to the bypass.
In normal operating state, to get the uninterrupted transfer between inverter and bypass, the inverter output must be
synchronized with the bypass.
Therefore, when the bypass frequency is within the synchronization range, the inverter control circuit will synchronize the
inverter output frequency with the bypass frequency and phase.
The UPS has a manual maintenance bypass switch (model without switch excluded) for shutdown of the UPS at the time of
maintenance. For maintenance, the bypass will directly supply power to the critical loads through the maintenance bypass.
NOTE: When the bypass maintenance mode supplies power to the load, the quality of the power supply may get
affected.
2.2.3 System control principle
Normal operation
Normal mode
The UPS has normal input mains, the rectifier and inverter operate normally. The inverter supplied power to the load, the
battery circuit breaker is closed, and the battery is in stable floating charge state.
For parallel system, as the UPS single module outputs are connected in parallel, the system checks that the inverter control
circuits are perfectly synchronized with one another and with the bypass in terms of both frequency and phase, and that they
have the same output voltages. Current supplied to the load is automatically divided among UPSs. A warning message
appears while synchronization is in progress.
Mains abnormal
When the mains fail or is abnormal, the rectifier will stop working automatically, and the system will transfer to battery output
(through inverter). The length of the operation time in battery mode depends on the load and the battery capacity. In the case
of Mains abnormal, if the battery voltage falls to the EOD voltage and the mains still has not been recovered, the inverter will
stop automatically, and the UPS touch screen will display alarm messages. If the system uses split bypass configuration and
the bypass is normal, the system will transfer to bypass.
Mains recovery
When the main power supply resumes normal within allowable time, the rectifier will start automatically and supply the load
and charge the battery again. Therefore, the power supply to the load will not be interrupted.
Disconnect battery
To disconnect the external battery from the UPS system for maintenance, use the external isolating switch. At this time,
except for the battery backup function upon mains power supply failure, other functions and all the steady state performance
of the UPS will not be affected.
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Vertiv™ Liebert® APM2 30 to 120 kVA Modular UPS User Manual