Yaesu FT-223 User manual

INSTRUCTION
MANUAL
FT-223
Y AESU MUSEN CO., LTD.
TOKYO JAPAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL Page
1
SPECIFICATIONS
Page
4
INSTALLATION
-
General Page 5
- Mobile Installation Page 6
-
Base Station Installation
Page 8
CONTROLS & SWITCHES Page 8
REAR PANEL CONNECTIONS Page
10
OPERATION
Page 11
THEORY OF OPERATION
-
General Page
12
- Transmitter Section
Page 12
-
Receiver Section
Page
14
-
Tone Burst Circuit Page
16
-
Tone Squelch Circuit (Optional) Page
16
MAINTENANCE
---=
-
General
Page 18
-
Routine Maintenance
Page 19
-
Adjustments
Page 20
-
Expanding Channel Capabilities
Page 24
-
Trouble -shooting
Page 26
RESISTANCE/VOLTAGE CHARTS
Page 27
PARTS LIST
Page 28

FT-223
2 METER FM TRANSCEIVER
GENERAL
The model FT-223 is a compact transceiver specifically designed
to provide high performance for amateur VHF /FM service. The
transceiver is completely solid state with provision for operation of
up to 23 crystal controlled channels between 144 and 148 MHz.
The advanced circuit design features prevent damage to the transistors
in case of high antenna VSWR, or reversed power supply polarity, while
an adjustable "tone-burst" generator is included for repeater actuation.
An additional feature, is an optional tone squelch circuit for a selective
calling system. The heavy gauge metal case provides an extremely
rugged package, light in weight, yet virtually immune to the effects
of shock and vibration.
The FT-223 VHF /FM transceiver is supplied complete with all
mounting hardware, cables, connectors and accessories required
for a mobile installation, as shown in Figure 1.
- 1 -

CD
®
®
(J)
®
Figure 1.
1.
Transceiver with built-in 3
11
speaker (3 channels factory installed).
2. Dynamic push-to-talk microphone with retractable coiled cord.
3. Universal mounting bracket (with screws, washers and nuts).
4. Power cable (with cigarette lighter adapter).
5. Spare £uses.
6. Microphone hanger.
7. Miniature phone plug for external speaker.
8. Alignment tool.
9. Tap connector.
- 2 -

HOW TO USE THE TAP CONNECTOR
Do NOT strip i~ lation from wires.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The tap connector will handle most wire sizes used in automotive
instrument panels.
Slide the "hot" lead into tap connector as shown.
Insert transceiver power lead 3 /4 of the way into connector
(just past metal connector element).
Using pliers, press the metal connector element until it is FLUSH.
Fold the hinged cover over the connector element and snap firmly
in place.
PLASTIC INSULATOR
WITH HINGED
"SNAP-IN'' COVER
CONNECTION MADE
WITH ANY PLIERS
TYPE TOOL BY
DRIVING ELEMENT
OVER WIRES
_POWER TO
TRANSCEIVER
SLOT FOR SIDE
ENTRY OF "HOT"
WIRE
Figure 2
- 3 -
~WIRES
SELF-STRIPPING ''U''
TYPE SPRING PRESSURE
CONNECTOR ELEMENT

The compact design of the FT-223 transceiver makes it ideal
for mobile installation, operating directly from the vehicle 's
12 Volt battery. For base station use, an accessory model ,
FP-2 Two-Way Power Supply, provides operating voltage
plus a large external speaker.
SPECIFICATIONS
GENERAL
Frequency Coverage
Number of Channels
Speaker
Microphone
Power Requirement
Current Consumption
Metering
Dimensions
Weight
TRANSMITTER
RF Output
Frequency Stability
Crystal Multiplication
Modulation
Deviation
- 4 -
144 to 146 MHz or 146 to 148 MHz
23 (3 channels supplied)
an optional external VFO can be used
Internal 3
11
dynamic speaker with
provision for connecting external
4 ohm dynamic speaker
Dynamic push-to-talk microphone
with retractable coiled cord
13. 5 Volts DC, +10%
0. 45 Amp receive
1. 2 Amp transmit (LOW)
2. 3 Amp transmit (HI)
Illuminated front panel meter
indicates relative received signal
strength and transmitter power
output
180 (W) x 60 (H) x 220 (D) mm
2. 5 Kg
10 Watts (HI) or 1 Watt (LOW)
into 50 ohm load at 13. 5 Volts DC
+0.002%
12 times
F3 (phase modulation)
Up to ±_10 kHz (factory adjusted at
+5 kHz)

Audio Response
Spurious Emissions
Tone Burst
RECEIVER
Type
Intermediate Frequency
Sensitivity
Selectivity
Audio Output
+ 1, -3 dB of 6 dB / Octave
pre -emphasis characteristic
from 300 to 2500 Hz
60 dB below carrier minimum
Nominally one second at 1800 Hz
(adjustable between 1300 & 3000 Hz)
Double conversion superheterodyne
( crystal controlled)
10. 7 MHz first IF; 455 kHz
second IF
-4 dB for 20 dB quieting
±_6 kHz at 6 dB; + 12 kHz at 60 dB
2 Watts at 4 ohms
INSTALLATION
GENERAL
The model FT-223 transceiver is designed primarily for mobile
service, requiring only an antenna and a 13. 5 Volts DC power
source for operation. However, when operated in conjunction with
model FP-2 Two-Way Power Supply, the transceiver provides an
efficient compact base station. The FP - 2 power supply provides
13. 5 Volts DC to operate the transceiver from an AC power source.
The transceiver has been factory pre-tuned and requires no
adjustments for normal operation into a 50 ohm load.
The antenna location is the most important consideration in either
a base or mobile installation, with effective communication range
directly related to antenna height. The antenna should always be
in the clear and as high as possible, however, a minimum distance
of 5 feet should be maintained between the VHF and other antennas.
Also, in mobile installation, it is advisable to locate the antenna
as far from the engine as practical, in order to minimize ignition
noise pick-up. In all installations ensure that the antenna VSWR
is less than 1.5:1.
For mobile installation, the most popular antenna types are either
a 1 /4 wave whip with unity gain, or a 5 / 8 wave affording approximately
3. 5 dB gain. Mobile antennas are available from most dealers who
handle two-way mobile radip equipment, or other local electronic
suppliers.
- 5 -

To minimize losses in the antenna system, use the shortest
length of coaxial cable that is practical, avoiding any sharp
angles or kinks. Use type RG-8 /U cable if the transmission
line length exceeds 25 feet, while RG-58 /U is suitable for
shorter lengths. For all bends, form the cable into a radius
not less than 10 times its diameter.
MOBILE INSTALLATION
In mobile service the FT-223 should be installed where the
controls, indicators, and microphone are easily visible and
accessible for operation. The unit may be mounted in any
position without loss of performance . .Suitable locations are
under the dash, atop the transmission tunnel, etc. A universal
bracket is supplied with the transceiver for this purpose.
Install the FT-223 as follows ( refer to Figure 3):
1. Use the universal mounting bracket as a template
to locate the mounting holes. Use a 3 / 16" diameter
drill for these holes and allow clearance for the
transceiver, its controls and the connecting cables.
Secure the mounting bracket with the screws, washers
and nuts supplied as shown in "3A
11
,
Figure 3A.
2. Install the transceiver in the mounting bracket,
securing with the four knurled head screws and
washers as shown in
11
3B
11
,
Figure 3B.
- 6 -

Figure 3C
4. The supplied power cable may be plugged directly
into the vehicle
Is
cigarette lighter receptacle for
casual operation if desired. For a permanent
installation, the lighter plug may be removed
and the leads routed directly to the battery ( red
positive, black negative or ground), or the nearest
termination to the battery; i.e. ignition switch,
fuse block, etc. If it is necessary to extend
the power leads, use #16 AWG insulated copper wire
and do not extend the leads further than required to
prevent excessive voltage drop.
CAUTION
--------------
--------------
Before connecting the power cable to the transceiver,
check the battery voltage with the engine running
(battery charging). If the voltage exceeds 14 Volts DC,
the regulator should be readjusted so the highest
charging rate does not exceed 14 Volts. Also, be sure
to observe proper polarity when making battery
connections ( reversed polarity will not damage the
FT-223 due to the protective circuitry incorporated
in the design, however, the equipment will not operate
under this condition).
- 7 -

5. Connect the power cable to the POWER receptacle
on the rear panel.
6. Connect the 50 ohm antenna cable to the ANT receptacle
on the rear panel.
7. Connect the microphone cable to the 4-pin microphone
receptacle on the front panel.
8. An external 4 ohm speaker may be connected at the
SP receptacle on the rear panel if desired (this
automatically disconnects the internal speaker).
Use the external speaker plug supplied.
BASE STATION INSTALLATION
As a base station, the FT-223 requires a source of 13. 5 Volts DC
at 2. 6 amperes. This source may be obtained from the accessory,
FP-2 power supply.
CONTROLS & SWITCHES
The FT-223 VHF / FM transceiver has been designed for ease of
operation. Be sure you thoroughly understand the function of each
control and indicator before operating the equipment. The operating
functions are as follows.
FT-223 VHF /FM TRANSCEIVER
Figure 4.
- 8 -

1. VOLUME Control
2. SQUELCH (SQL) Control
3. CHANNEL Selector
4. CHANNEL Indicator
5. CALL Switch
6. HI-LOW Switch
7. Microphone Receptacle
8. IND I CA TORS - ON AIR
CALL
LOW
BUSY
The VOLUME control adjusts
the receiver audio output level
(applies power when pushed in).
The SQUELCH control adjusts the
receiver squelch threshold sensitivity.
An optional tone squelch circuit
is activated when rotated to the
extreme CCW position marked TONE.
The 23 position CHANNEL selector
switch selects the desired qperating
channel.
The channel indicator shows the
selected operating channel (illuminated
when power is applied).
When depressed, the CALL switch
selects a preset channel regardless
of the CHANNEL selector switch
position and CALL lamp lights up.
The HI-LOW switch selects the
desired power output, 10 watts in
HI position, or 1 watt in LOW position.
In LOW position, LOW lamp lights up.
Four-pin connector is used for
microphone input and push-to -talk
relay actuation.
The red lamp lights up in the
irtransmit'' mode.
The red lamp lights up when the
CALL channel is selected.
The red lamp lights up when the
transceiver is operated at LOW power.
The red lamp lights up when the
signal is received.
- 9 -

®
REAR PANEL
1. POWER Receptacle
2. SP Receptacle
3. ANT Receptacle
4. BURST Switch
5. ACC Socket
TX UNIT
(PB-1
537)
RX UNIT
(PB-1538)
CD
Figure 5
Two -pin connector is used for
connection to 13. 5 Volts DC
(negative ground) power source,
vehicle batter y , or FP-2 power supply.
Audio output is provided at this
receptacle for an external speaker
(or speaker in FP-2 power supply).
Output impedance is 4 ohms and the
internal speaker will be disabled
when a plug is inserted.
UHF type coaxial receptacle for
connection of antenna.
The BURST switch applies a short
"tone burst" to the carrier at the
start of each transmission in the
"ON" position. This is normally
used only with "tone access"
repeater operation.
The ACCESSORY socket is used
for external VFO operation.
Figure 6
- 10 -

OPERATION
OPERATING PROCEDURE
1. Push the VOLUME control switch to apply power. The
channel indicator and meter will illuminate.
2. Set the CHANNEL selector to the de sired channel as shown
in the channel indicator window. Ensure that the CALL switch
is at "OFF" position. When the CALL switch is in the "ON''
position, the preset channel is selected regardless of the
CHANNEL selector switch position. For preset channel operation,
set the CALL switch to "CALL" position.
3. Rotate the SQUELCH control fully counter-clockwise to TONE
position and slightly rotate clockwise beyond TONE position.
For selective calling position, set the SQL control to TONE
position.
4. Adjust the VOLUME control for a normal listening le v el (background
noise or a station if one is transmitting).
5. When the channel is clear (background noise only), rotate the
SQUELCH control clockwise until the receiver is silenced.
Perform this step carefully so as not to go beyond the silencing
point or the receiver will not respond to weak signals.
6. Set the HI-LOW switch to the desired power output position.
7. If operating on a repeater channel requiring "tone access",
set the BURST switch on the rear panel to the "ON" position.
The "tone burst" will be applied to the carrier each time the
push-to-talk lever on the microphone is depressed .
NOTE: Refer to the Tone Adjustments paragraph to change
the tone frequency or duration (factory set for 1800 Hz
and one second).
8. When ready to transmit, hold the microphone close to your mouth,
depress the push-to -talk lever and speak distinctly at a normal
conversational level. Check that the red "transmit" indicator
illuminates and the meter indicates upward.
-11 -

J
THEORY OF OPERATION
GENERAL
Functional operation of the model FT-223 VHF / FM transceiver
is illustrated in the Block Diagram, Figure 6
Refer to the schematic diagram for the circuit description.
The transceiver consists of a crystal controlled transmitter and
receiver operating on any of the 23 channels within the frequency
range of 144 to 148 MHz. In addition to 22 channels which are
selected by the CHANNEL selector switch, one
11
most-often-used
11
channel may be preset for ease of operation. Solid state circuitry
is employed throughout and the transceiver is designed to operate
from a 13. 5 Volt +10% DC negative ground power source.
TRANSMITTER SECTION
The transmitter section produces an FM (phase modulation method)
output signal.
The audio signal froro. the microphone is amplified by an integrated
circuit Q201 (TA7061AP) which works as amplifier and an IDC
(Instantaneous Deviation Control) circuit. The IDC circuit, clips
both positive and negative peaks when they exceed a predetermined
level to limit the maximum deviation of the transmitter. The IDC
control, VR202, permits the deviation to be adjusted, and is nominally
factory set for a deviation of +5 kHz. When wide band transmission
is desired, VR202 must be readjusted to provide a maximum deviation
of +10 kHz.
FT-223
BLOCK DIAGRAM
c::J ' 1
T L-------------, ( PB - 1 537) TX
& - - I
METER I
~.?L __ ----- --__ -- _
L___ _ ___ _ .J::-=-=-= - --:: --=== =--====;r --- -___j ,__ _ _ ______ ____ ___ _
Figure 6
- 12 -
RECEI VE
T
RANSMIT
CON TROL

The limited audio signal is applied through a low-pass filter to
Q202, 2SC372Y where it is amplified and applied to the phase modulator,
varactor diode D201, 1S1658. The low- ; pass filter limits the transmitter
modulation spectrum by attenuating frequencies above the speech range.
The oscillator, Q203, 2SC372Y, operates on the crystal frequency
to generate the initial RF signal. The crystal frequency is in the 12 MHz
range, and is determined as follows:
Crystal Frequency (MHz)
= Output Frequency (MHz)
12
Trimmer capacitors TC401 through TC423 permit each of the 23
crystals to be individually set to frequency. Output from Q203 is
amplified by Q204, 2SC372Y, and applied across transformer L203.
The audio signal from Q202 varies the bias applied to D201 and
D202, in turn causing the capacity of the diodes to vary in accordance
with the audio voltage. As D201 and T201 and D202 and T202 are in
series, the capacity change in the diode effectively changes the
resonant frequency to produce a phase shift at an audio rate in
the input of Q205, 2SC372Y in the exciter stage.
The angular phase shift from the modulator is relatively small,
therefore the crystal frequency is multiplied twelve times to obtain
the desired deviation at the output frequency of 144 to 148 MHz.
The modulated 12 MHz signal is applied through the buffer amplifier
Q205 , 2SC372Y to the multiplier chain consisting of a doubler Q206,
2SC710D, a tripler Q207, 2SC710D, and a doubler Q208, 2SC710D
where the necessary frequency multiplication is provided.
T 2 1 0 l
D 2os·
Q .!16
Q 2 1 7
0 21s
a 20,
D 2 01
D2o2 ___!_~~~tU~W"'-
Q 2o s
Figure 7
Bottom View
13 -

The frequency modulated 146 to 148 MHz signal is amplified by QZ l 0,
2SC741, Q211, 2SC730 and Q212, MRF212 and applied through a two
stage pi-network to the antenna. A diode D204, 1S188FM rectifies
a small portion of the RF output and applies the resultant DC voltage
to the meter where is provides an indication of relative power output
from the transmitter, The meter sensitivity is adjusted by VR204
and it is set for indication of 8 on the meter scale at 10 watts on a
50 ohm resistive load.
If the transmitter is keyed without an antenna connected, or if a high
SWR exists in the antenna system, the reflected power is detected
through TZ l 0 and a diode D207, 1S188FM produces DC voltage.
Q215, 2SC372Y conducts with the DC voltage applied through VR209
causing QZ 16, 2SC372Y to decrease its collector current. Thus,
the emitter voltage of QZ l 7, 2SA49 6( 0) is lowered causing Q 1,
2SD313 to decrease current and the supply voltage to the PA amplifier
Q212 is lowered to prevent damage of the transistor. The protection
level is set by VR209. This circuit is also used to switch the output
power down to 1 watt where the HI/LOW switch is set to LOW position.
The amount of power reduction may be adjusted by VR208.
The antenna change -over circuit consists of the switching diodes
D205 and D206, Ml 301.
RECEIVER SECTION
The 146 to 148 MHz input signal from the antenna is amplified by
FET Ql0l, 3SK40Mon RF board, and applied through five hi-Q
slot-coupled resonators to the first mixer, Ql02, 3SK40M.
,-~
~ ~--- -- , ,.., ,..,,__
01 02 -,;c,-;; ;;a:--;.; ==~ -=-i
Q l03
0 104
0 11 3
X 10 1
01 1 ,1
Q , 05
Q , 06
a, 07
Figure 8
Top View
14 -

The use of an FET RF amplifier, together with the slot-coupled
resonators combines to minimize effects of cross modulation and
other spurious responses while providing a low noise figure for the
receiver front end.
The 144 to 148 MHz signal is heterodyned with the output of
the first local oscillator by Q 102 and produces the first IF,
10. 7 MHz. The first local oscillator injection frequency is
10. 7 MHz below the input signal frequency in all cases. The
fundamental crystal frequency is multiplied nine times to obtain
the injection frequency. The crystal frequency is in the 14-15 MHz
range and is determined as follows:
Crystal Frequency (MHz)
= Signal Frequency (MHz) - 10.7
9
The first local oscillator consists of a crystal oscillator, Qll5,
2SC372Y and triplers Ql 16 and Ql 17, 2SC1047. The 10. 7 MHz
output from Ql02 is applied through a crystal filter, CFl0l to the
first IF amplifier Ql0 3, 2SC372Y. The amplified first IF signal
is applied to the second mixer Ql04, 2SK19GR through additional
ceramic filter, CFl 02 which further reduces spurious responses.
~he 10. 7 MHz signal is heterodyned with the 10. 245 MHz output of
the second local oscillator, Ql 13, 2SC372Y to produce the second
IF, 455 kHz, at the output of Ql 04.
The 455 kHz IF circuit consists of Ql05, Ql06, 2SC372Y and
amplified and limited by IC Ql07, TA7061. The ceramic filter,
CF103, provides the narrow band selectivity for the receiver,
and the limiting action of Ql07 removes any amplitude variations
in the signal applied to the discriminator, Dl03 and Dl04, 1S188FM.
The discriminator produces an audio output in response to a corresponding
frequency (or phase) shift in the 455 kHz IF signal. The discriminator
output is amplified by Ql 11, 2SC372Y and is applied across the VOLUME
control, VRl, to the input of the IC audio amplifier Q119, AN214
and also to the squelch circuit. The output from Ql 19 is applied to the
internal speaker and also the SP receptacle where an external 4 ohm
speaker may be connected if so desired.
The squelch circuit consists of Ql08 through Ql 10, 2SC372Y. When
no carrier is present in the 455 kHz IF, the
11
noise
11
at the discriminator
output is amplified by Ql08 and Ql09 and detected by Dl05 and Dl06,
lSl 88FM to produce a DC voltage. This DC voltage is applied to turn
Ql 10
11
on''. With Ql 10
11
on
11
the base of Ql 11 is grounded to quiet the
audio amplifier. When a carrier is present in the 455 kHz IF the quieting
action of the ·r- eceiver removes the noise at the discriminator output
and Qll0 is turned
11
0££
11
, permitting normal operation of Qlll. The
SQUELCH control, VR2, permits the squelch threshold sensitivity to
be adjusted by setting the level at the input of Ql 08.
- 15 -

When an optional TONE SQUELCH circuit is incorporated, the squelch
circuit opens only for the signals which accompany the preset TONE
signal with SQUELCH control at TONE position.
The 455 kHz output from Ql06, 2SC372Y is also applied to the
S-meter rectifiers, Dl0l and Dl02, 1Sl88FM. The diodes rectify
the signal and the resulting DC voltage is applied to the meter where
it provides an indication of relative signal strength. The S-meter
control, VRl0l, permits the meter circuit sensitivity to be adjusted.
TONE BURST CIRCUIT
The tone burst circuit consists of a timing generator and a gated
multivibrator. When the BURST switch is set to the "ON" position,
the DC voltage is applied to Q214, SN7400N. The transmitter,
"keyed'' at +13,5 volts DC is applied to Q213, 2SC372Y to trigger
the 4 - gate NAND logic timing generator. The timing generator
produces an output pulse applied to the multivibrator which produces
a tone output that is applied to the microphone input of the transmitter
section. The tone frequency is adjustable between 1300 and 3000 Hz
PY VR206, while the output level (deviation) is adjustable by VR207
and the burst duration by VR205.
TONE SQUELCH CIRCUIT
(Optional)
The Tone Squelch operation permits private communications
on crowded channels. The tone squelch circuit disables the
audio circuit of receiver until a preset tone signal is received.
The transmitted signal is modulated by the tone signal within
70 Hz to 250 Hz which is below the 300 Hz to 3000 Hz voice
frequency range used in radio communications.
The tone signal is generated by Q502, NE5 67 and its frequency
is set by R516, VR502 and C516. The level of the tone signal
is set by VR504 and it is fed through a buffer amplifier, Q503,
2SK19GR to the low pass filter consisting of unit "d
II
of an
operational amplifier Q501, MC3403. The tone signal is then
superimposed to the speech signal by Q202. The constants for
preset frequency are obtained from the chart.
The audio output signal from the receiver discriminator is fed
to the unit "a
11
of Q501, MC3403. The unit "a" of Q501 forms
a high pass filter and the unit
11
b'
1
of Q501 forms a T-notch filter.
Both filters remove the tone signal from the audio signal which
is then fed through an audio amplifier Q505, 2SC372Y to the
•
receiver audio amplifier Ql 11.
- 16 -

The tone signal passes through a low pass filter by unit
11
c" of
QSO 1 and is fed to Q502, NE5 67. When the tone signal has the
same frequency as preset for transmitting, the voltage of pin 8
of Q502 becomes low causing Q504, 2SC372Y to ''0FF
11
• In turn,
proper bias voltage is applied to Ql 19 for normal operation.
Without proper tone signal, Q504 conducts, removing the proper
bias from Q 119 to disable the audio circuit.
As the conventional carrier squelch circuit is operative when
the tone squelch is switched in, the busy lamp lights up when
any carrier is received.
( SW A)
,-----------------------A ----7
I ,------.-~ ~--- -- ~ '---- --~ I
I
-~---+---~ I
I ~ I
I -- I
I r-tti::= I
(E·T) H
I
<sw s)Bl-----'Mr-~
I
(TONE I'}------+-t-+----~
oun, Q)
I ~
I ~
I "'
I .;
I rj
I
I
I
I
I
I '----+-''-,-I .
I
I
.,_..,._ __ +-+-<D, (AF OUT)
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~------'1---+-{u; (t.J5V)
I
,-------<(?(EAR TH)
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
L __________ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
__ J
( TONE SQ SWITCH)
TONE SQUELCH !Ps-1555A> OPTION
Figure 9
Figure 10
- 17 -

MAINTENANCE
GENERAL
Your model FT-223 VHF /FM transceiver has been carefully
aligned and tested prior to shipment from the factory. The
reliability of the solid state devices used in the FT-223 should
provide years of trouble free service if the transceiver is not
abused and normal routine maintenance is carried out.
The following precautions should be observed to prevent damaging
the transceiver:
1. Do not exceed 15 volts DC at the POWER receptacle,
When operating mobile, check the battery voltage under
load (transmitter "keyed") with the engine running fast
enough so the ammeter shows "charge". Also, do not
operate the FT-223 if the supply voltage is below 12 volts DC.
2. Do not apply any DC potentials at the ANT receptacle.
3. Avoid direct exposure to water.
VR 203
D 207
VR 204
VR 209
VR 208
VR 2o7
T 201
T 202
T 203
VR ,io 1
Figure 11
R 2os
P 204)
R 2os
TP ,0 ,)
, ..
,09
( TP ,0 ,)
Alignment Point - Bottom View
- 18 -