ABB MS116 User manual

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MANUAL MOTOR STARTER GUIDE
Manual motor starter
MS116, MS132 and MS165

MANUAL MOTOR STARTER GUIDE
APRIL 19 2/80
Foreword
ABB is a pioneering technology leader in electrification products, robotics and motion, and industrial automation,
serving customers in utilities, industry and transport and infrastructure globally. Continuing a history of innova-
tion spanning more than 130 years, ABB today is writing the future of industrial digitalization with two clear value
propositions: bringing electricity from any power plant to any plug and automating industries from natural re-
sources to finished products.
ABB offers a wide range of manual motor starters (MMS), also known as motor protective circuit-breakers. We realize
that with all the standards, rules, listings and codes, the what, when, where, why and how of manual motor starters
can appear complex.
The following information is provided to aid in the proper use of ABB manual motor starters and all their capabilities.
This handbook is written with the aim of being a general guide for people working with manual motor starter appli-
cations, but also for those who are simply interested in learning more about the products, standards and
applications. All these are relevant for European applications (based on IEC) and North American applications
(UL / CSA).
The handbook is neither a complete technical guide nor a manual for all types of ABB’s motor starting solutions. It is
a complement to the catalog, data sheets and brochures available for our products and will provide a general over-
view of what to consider when working with manual motor starters.
More information on manual motor starters as well as other ABB products is available at:
https://new.abb.com/low-voltage/products/motor-protection.
All the information provided in this handbook is only general and each individual application must be handled as a
specific case. Be sure to always follow all national and local installation regulations/codes for your specific applica-
tion.
© Copyright 2018 ABB. All rights reserved.
Specifications subject to change without notice.

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Table of Contents
Foreword .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
1. Standards and approvals for manual motor starters ...................................................................................................... 8
1.1 European directives applicable for manual motor starters ................................................................................................ 8
1.2 CE Marking ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Standards for North America..................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.4 CCC (China Compulsory Certification) .................................................................................................................................... 9
1.5 Other local approvals based on IEC-standard........................................................................................................................ 9
1.6 Marine approvals .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.7 Potentially explosive atmospheres (ATEX).............................................................................................................................. 9
1.8 Applied standards ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12
2. General product overview ................................................................................................................................................ 13
2.1 Basic function .............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
2.1.1 Release (tripping element)............................................................................................................................................... 14
2.1.2 Time-current characteristics (tripping characteristics) ........................................................................................... 14
2.1.3 Overload protection .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.1.4 Overload trip classes ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
2.1.5 Short-circuit protection ................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.1.6 Phase loss sensitivity........................................................................................................................................................ 16
2.1.7 Single-phase and direct current (DC) loads ................................................................................................................. 16
2.2 Terms and ratings........................................................................................................................................................................17
2.2.1 Rated operational voltage (Ue) ........................................................................................................................................17
2.2.2 Rated short-circuit making capacity (Icm) .....................................................................................................................17
2.2.3 Rated short-circuit breaking capacity ...........................................................................................................................17
2.2.4 Rated short-time withstand current (Icw)......................................................................................................................17
2.2.5 Selectivity categories ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.2.6 Ambient air temperature compensation ..................................................................................................................... 18
2.2.7 Temperature rise of the manual motor starter........................................................................................................... 19
2.2.8 Trip-free mechanism ........................................................................................................................................................20
2.2.9 Phase loss sensitivity........................................................................................................................................................20
2.2.10 Mechanical and electrical durability............................................................................................................................20
2.3 Switch and breaker types ......................................................................................................................................................... 21
2.3.1 Motor protection circuit-breaker ................................................................................................................................... 21
2.3.2 Circuit-breaker ................................................................................................................................................................... 21
2.3.3 Load switch......................................................................................................................................................................... 21
2.3.4 Disconnect switch............................................................................................................................................................. 21
2.4 Product offering ......................................................................................................................................................................... 22
2.4.1 MS116.................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.4.2 MS132 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.4.2.1 MS132-K ............................................................................................................................................................................ 23
2.4.3 MS165 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.4.4 MS132-T and MS132-KT .................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.4.5 MO132 and MO165............................................................................................................................................................. 23
2.4.6 Accessories and enclosures............................................................................................................................................24
3. Load types .......................................................................................................................................................................... 29
3.1 General use and heaters............................................................................................................................................................ 29
3.2 Motors...........................................................................................................................................................................................30
3.2.1 About motors...................................................................................................................................................................... 31
3.2.2 Squirrel cage motors ........................................................................................................................................................ 31
3.2.3 International motor efficiency standards and regulations...................................................................................... 32
3.2.4 Rating plate of a motor.................................................................................................................................................... 37
3.2.5 Voltage .................................................................................................................................................................................38
3.2.6 Current.................................................................................................................................................................................38
3.2.7 Power factor........................................................................................................................................................................39

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3.2.8 Torque ..................................................................................................................................................................................39
3.3 Hermetic refrigerant compressor motors............................................................................................................................40
3.4 Lamps and lighting loads ......................................................................................................................................................... 41
3.5 Transformers............................................................................................................................................................................... 41
3.5.1 Primary-side protection of transformers..................................................................................................................... 41
3.5.2 Secondary-side protection of transformers. .............................................................................................................. 41
3.6 Capacitors....................................................................................................................................................................................42
4. Environmental and application-specific factors ........................................................................................................... 43
4.1 Ambient air temperature compensation and derating......................................................................................................43
4.2 Duty cycles and restarting .......................................................................................................................................................44
4.3 Frequencies and direct current (DC)......................................................................................................................................45
5. Selection criteria ...............................................................................................................................................................46
5.1 Sizing manual motor starters for motor applications .......................................................................................................46
5.2 Selected Optimized Coordination (SOC) ..............................................................................................................................46
6. Installation and commissioning.......................................................................................................................................48
6.1 Mounting ......................................................................................................................................................................................48
6.1.1 Mounting position and minimum distances................................................................................................................48
6.2 Connection...................................................................................................................................................................................49
6.2.1 Connection Types..............................................................................................................................................................49
6.2.2 Connection cross sections..............................................................................................................................................49
6.3 Motor current setting procedure............................................................................................................................................ 51
6.4 Overload trip test....................................................................................................................................................................... 51
6.5 Restart after tripping ................................................................................................................................................................ 51
6.6 How to lock a manual starter by disconnecting ................................................................................................................. 52
6.7 Installation instructions ............................................................................................................................................................ 52
6.8 2D drawings and 3D models.................................................................................................................................................... 52
7. Requirements for North America ..................................................................................................................................... 53
7.1 General certification in North America .................................................................................................................................. 53
7.1.1 Product certification marks ............................................................................................................................................. 53
7.1.2 Joint U.S.-Canadian approvals.........................................................................................................................................54
7.1.3 Relevant North American standards..............................................................................................................................54
7.1.4 Global harmonization efforts..........................................................................................................................................55
7.1.5 Categorizing manual motor starters............................................................................................................................. 55
7.1.6 Selecting the right Short Circuit Current Ratings (SCCR) level for your UL application.................................... 57
7.2 North American voltage supply networks and load types ................................................................................................58
7.2.1 North American voltages..................................................................................................................................................58
7.2.2 Three-phase network configurations............................................................................................................................58
7.2.3 Straight vs. slash voltage ratings...................................................................................................................................59
7.2.4 Short-circuit current ratings ...........................................................................................................................................59
7.2.5 Components requiring short-circuit current ratings.................................................................................................59
7.2.6 Standard (low) fault ratings - Mandatory ....................................................................................................................60
7.2.7 High fault ratings - Optional............................................................................................................................................60
7.2.8 Defined acceptance criteria ............................................................................................................................................ 61
7.2.9 Calculating the available fault current for a facility ................................................................................................... 61
7.2.10 Additional current limiting devices.............................................................................................................................. 62
7.3 Defining branch circuits ............................................................................................................................................................62
7.4 Functional requirements for all motor branch circuits ......................................................................................................63
7.4.1 Disconnect means for the motor and branch circuit.................................................................................................64
7.4.2 Short-circuit and ground-fault protection for the motor and branch circuit......................................................64
7.4.3 Motor control means ........................................................................................................................................................64
7.4.4 Overload protection for the motor and branch circuit.............................................................................................64
7.4.3 Local motor disconnect ...................................................................................................................................................64
7.5 Product offering for north American applications .............................................................................................................65
7.6 Suitable applications for manual motor starters for North America .............................................................................66

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7.6.1 Defining Manual Motor Controllers (NLRV)..................................................................................................................66
7.6.2 Defining Combination Motor Controllers (NKJH) ...................................................................................................... 72
8. Glossary.............................................................................................................................................................................. 76
9. Appendix ............................................................................................................................................................................ 78

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—
Introduction
The world industry and commerce are facing an energy chal-
lenge. Global demand for energy is rising steadily. At the
same time, pressures to reduce energy consumption, to
lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and provide secure
power supplies are becoming ever stronger.
It has been estimated that around 300 million electric motors
are installed today (with an annual growth rate of more than
5 percent). Furthermore, it has been estimated that electric
motors account for about 65 percent of the electricity con-
sumed in industrial applications.
ABB is not only a long-standing advocate of the need for high
efficiency in motors and its policy is to offer high-efficiency
motors as standard, but also making sure that motors and
users are properly protected.

MANUAL MOTOR STARTER GUIDE
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The greatest risk for applications such as motors is over-
heating. Abnormal temperature rises can be caused by
overloads, electrical faults, cooling problems or improper
operating parameters or operation conditions. This differ-
entiates motors and pumps from other applications, such as
heating resistors or lamps.
Examples of such overloads include:
Overloads caused by over current
–locked rotors
–long starting or braking times
–changes of the friction ratio of the operated engine
–non-permissible intermittent operations
–long-term overloads in continuous operation
–undervoltage
Supply problems, which could cause unsymmetrical over-currents
–earth faults
–phase loss
–phase unbalance on the supply side
–interwinding or interturn fault within the motor
Cooling problems
–reduced convection currents due to dust or dirt
–mounting position of the motor: good circulation of air prevents heat build-up
–low air density due to incorrect installation and altitude environmental parameters

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1. Standards and approvals for manual motor starters
All ABB low voltage devices are developed and manufactured according to the rules set out in the IEC (International
Electrotechnical Commission). The IEC issues publications that act as a basis for the world market. The applicable
standard is the IEC 60947 series for Europe and UL 60947 for North America. All devices are built according to this
standard and in most countries, they are not subject to any other tests besides the manufacturer responsibility. In
some countries, the law requires additional certification.
1.1 European directives applicable for manual motor starters
There are essential European directives:
-Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU
Concerns electrical equipment from 50 to 1000 V AC and from 75 to 1500 V DC.
-RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU
Restriction of the use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electronic and Electrical Equipment
-ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU
The European Parliament and of the Council on the harmonization of the laws of the Member States relating
to equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
−WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU
Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on waste electrical and electronic
equipment (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive)
1.2 CE Marking
When a product is verified according to its applicable EN standard, the product is presumed to fulfil all applicable
directives, e.g., the “Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU”, and it is allowed to apply the CE marking on the product.
EN 60947-4-1 is the harmonized standard for manual motor starters and it is identical to IEC 60947-4-1. The same
applies to the EN 60947-2, EN 60947-1 for the accessories the EN60947-5-1
In this case, the CE marking does not cover the “Machinery Directive, Directive 2006/42/EC” which requires a special
verification of the installation of the machine. The manual motor starter is an electrical device, with mainly electrical
risks. It is instead covered by the low voltage directive.
The CE marking is not a quality label, it is proof of conformity to the European Directives concerning the product.
1.3 Standards for North America
Specifications for the north America and Canadian markets are quite similar but differ a lot from IEC standards and
European specifications. In Chapter 7. Requirements for North America, this topic will be described in more detail.
USA - UL Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
Canada - CSA Canadian Standards Association
There are different types of UL certification, including UL listed and UL component recognition. UL listing means that
UL has tested representative samples of the product and determined that it meets UL’s requirements. UL’s compo-
nent recognition service, however, only covers the evaluation of components or materials intended for use in a
complete product or system. All ABB manual motor starters that have UL certification, are UL listed. Manual motor
starters can also be cULus listed, meaning that they are UL listed to US and Canadian safety standards. All the re-
quirements of both UL and CSA are covered by cULus, so the product is then suitable for use in the US and in Canada.

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1.4 CCC (China Compulsory Certification)
Since the manual motor starters standard is listed according to the CCC-regulation in China, it is mandatory to have
the product approved and labelled with a CCC-mark to be allowed to be put on the Chinese market. The Chinese
GB14048.2 and GB14048.4 standard is based on the IEC-standard IEC 60947-2 and IEC 60947-4-1.
1.5 Other local approvals based on IEC-standard
In addition to IEC and UL standards, many countries have their own local certifications. Some examples of the major
ones besides the already mentioned CSA and CCC are listed below:
−EAC – The Eurasian Conformity mark for Russia, Ukraine etc.
−RCM – The Regulatory Compliance Mark for Australian & New Zealand
−NOM – The Norma Oficial Mexicana
−KC – The Korea Certification mark
1.6 Marine approvals
For manual motor starters used on board ships, maritime insurance companies sometimes require different marine
certificates of approvals. Some examples include: DNV GL (Det Norske Veritas together with Germanischer Lloyd), BV
(Bureau Veritas), LR (Lloyds Register EMEA) which are based on the IEC standard, or from ABS (the American Bureau
of Shipping) which is based on UL standards or on some other independent certification organization. Typically, ma-
rine approvals have special requirements regarding shock, vibrations and humidity.
1.7 Potentially explosive atmospheres (ATEX)
Explosive atmospheres occur when flammable gases, mist, vapors or dust are mixed with air. This creates a risk of an
explosion. The amount of a substance needed to create an explosive atmosphere depends on the substance in ques-
tion. The area where this possibility exists is defined as a potentially explosive atmosphere. These atmospheres can
be found throughout industries, from chemical, pharmaceutical, and food, to power, mining and wood processing.
The areas may also be known as “hazardous areas” or “hazardous locations.”
1.7.1 International IECEx System
The IECEx System (http://www.iecex.com/) from the International Electrotechnical Commission, is a voluntary certi-
fication system that verifies compliance with IEC standards related to safety in explosive atmospheres. The IECEx
System covers four main areas:
−Certification of service facilities
−IECEx equipment certification
−Ex marking conformity
−Certification of Personnel Competencies
1.7.2 IECEx Conformity Mark System
In order for equipment to receive a conformity “Ex” marking under the IECEx System, it must obtain a certificate of
conformity. To obtain a certificate of conformity, there must be:
−An accepted IECEx Quality Assessment Report (QAR)
−An accepted IECEx Test Report for type testing (ExTR)
Products with the IECEx conformity mark have received the IECEx Certificate of Conformity, which confirms the
product has the appropriate protection for use in explosive atmospheres and that it has been manufactured under a
system subject to ongoing surveillance by certification bodies. The marking also indicates that the product can be
supplied to the market without the need for additional testing. The exception is the increased safety (EX e) motor
protection type, which must always be tested with the drive it is used with.

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1.7.3 European Directives referred to ATEX
Commonly referred to as ATEX, from the French “ATmosphères EXplosibles”, this European Directives is a combina-
tion of two EU directives: The Worker Protection Directive 1999/92/EC and the Product Directive 2014/34/EU. This
provides guidelines similar to the IECEx system, with a few exceptions, and without the certification of service facili-
ties and certification of personnel competencies. Compliance with the “Essential Health and Safety Requirements”
described in the directives is mandatory within the European Union countries. The easiest way to show compliance is
to follow harmonized standards.
1.7.4 Potentially explosive atmospheres groups, zones, categories and devices
Within industries, all potentially explosive atmospheres are required to have an area classification referred to as the
zone system. The zone system is used all over the world and nowadays also accepted as an alternative system in
North America.
Authorities normally determine the area, but it can also be performed by a third party; a notified body or other ex-
pert. It is the owner’s responsibility to ensure that the classification of their site is performed before suitable
products can be selected and installed at the location.
Globally, a zone system is used to classify potentially explosive areas. The Worker Protection Directive 1999/EC and
the international standards IEC / EN 60079-10-x define these zones. In all cases, zone classification for potentially
explosive atmospheres, zones, categories and devices are the responsibility of the owner of the site where the po-
tentially explosive atmosphere exists.
There are 6 zones:
−Zone 0 (for gas) and 20 (for dust), where there is a continuous presence of an explosive atmosphere.
−Zone 1 (for gas) and 21 (for dust), where there is an occasional occurrence of a potentially explosive atmos-
phere.
−Zone 2 (for gas) and 22 (for dust), where potentially explosive atmospheres can occur by accident, not during
normal operation.
Figure 1: Potentially explosive atmosphere groups, zones, categories and devices. “G” = Gas; “D” = Dust

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1.7.5 Equipment categories
Equipment categories are used in the ATEX directive. The category indicates which safety level must be used in each
zone. In zone 0/20, category 1 devices must be used; in zone 1/21, category 2 devices; and in zone 2/22, category 3
devices. Classification into categories is particularly important, because all the inspection, maintenance and repair
duties of the end user will depend on the category of the product/equipment, not on the zone where it is installed.
1.7.6 Equipment protection levels (EPL)
The latest revisions to the IEC and EN standards include the concept of “equipment protection levels” (EPLs), which
identify products according to the ignition risk they might cause. The EPL also considers the potential consequences
of an explosion. For zone 0/20, the equipment protection level required would be “a”; for zone 1/21, it would be “b”;
and for zone 2/22, the level would be “c”.
1.7.7 Select the device type according to the zone and category/EPL
Standard
IEC 60079
-0
EN 60079-0
Zone according to
IEC 60079-10-
x
EN 60079-10-x
ATEX Directive
2014/34/EU (previously 94/9/EC)
Group
EPL
Protection level
Zones
Equipment group
Equipment category
I
(Mines)
Ma
Very high
The zone classification is
not used in mines
I
(Mines)
M1
Mb
High
M2
II
(Gas)
Ga
Very high
0
II
(Surface)
1G
Gb
High
1
2G
Gc
Enhanced
2
3G
III
(Dust)
Da
Very high
20
1D
Db
High
21
2D
Dc
Enhanced
22
3D
Table 1: Select the device type according to the zone and category/EPL
1.7.8 Manual motor starters in potentially explosive atmospheres
Manual motor starters (e.g. MS132 and MS165) are authorized under device group II, category (2) in the "G" area (ar-
eas with potentially explosive gas, steam, smoke or air mixtures) and additionally for the "D" area (areas with
combustible dust).
BVS 15 ATEX F 004
II (2) G IECEx BVS 17.0070
II (2) D [Ex]
Manual motor starters are not suitable for installation and/or operation in potentially explosive areas. It is intended
to protect a motor which is installed in the potentially explosive atmosphere. When using the devices in potentially
explosive areas, preventive measures must be taken, e. g., operation within a suitable enclosure.
Notes:
−For explosion-proof applications, the efficiency of the installed protection devices must be verified prior to
commissioning!
−The protection function of the device is the thermal overload protection and protection against short-cir-
cuits in the motor. In case of an overload trip, the motor is switched off by opening the main contacts of the
manual motor starter.
−The safe state is the "tripped state", i.e., turning the handle to the 0-position or trip position.

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1.8 Applied standards
Following standards are used or partly used for ABB’s manual motor starters.
International and
European Standards Title
IEC / EN 60947-1 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules
IEC / EN 60947-2 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 2: Circuit-breakers
IEC / EN 60947-4-1
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters - Elec-
tromechanical contactors and motor-starters
IEC / EN 60947-5-1
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching
elements - Electromechanical control circuit devices
Standards for
north America Title
UL 60947-4-1
(formerly UL 508)
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4-1: Contactors and Motor-Starters - Elec-
tromechanical contactors and motor-starters
UL 60947-4-1A
2nd Ed. - Low-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear – Part 4-1: Contactors and Motor
Starters – Electromechanical Contactors and Motor-Starters
UL 60947-5-1
Low-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear - Part 5-1: Control Circuit Devices and Switching
Elements - Electromechanical Control Circuit Devices
Standards for Canada Title
CSA C22.2 No.60947-1
(formerly CSA C22.2 No.14)
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules
CSA C22.2 No.60947-4-1
(formerly CSA C22.2 No.14)
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters - Elec-
tromechanical contactors and motor-starters
Standards for China Title
GB/T14048.2 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 2: Circuit-breakers
GB/T14048.4
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters - Elec-
tromechanical contactors and motor-starters
GB/T14048.5
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching
element - Electromechanical control circuit devices
Standards for ATEX
Title
IEC / EN 60079-0 Explosive atmospheres - Part 0: Equipment - General requirements
IEC / EN 60079-1 Explosive atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment protection by flameproof enclosures "d"
IEC / EN 60079-7 Explosive atmospheres - Part 7: Equipment protection by increased safety "e"
IEC / EN 60079-31
Explosive atmospheres - Part 31: Equipment dust ignition protection
by enclosure "t"”
IEC / EN EN 60079-14
Explosive atmospheres - Part 14: Electrical installations design,
selection and erection
Table 2: Applied standards for the manual motor starter

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2. General product overview
2.1 Basic function
Manual motor starters protect the motor and the installation against short-circuits and overloads. They are three
pole electro-mechanical protection devices with a release for overload protection and short-circuit protection. Fur-
thermore, they provide a disconnect function for safe isolation of the installation and the power supply and the can
be used for switching loads ON and OFF manually.
Figure 2: Basic function shown on MS132
Manual motor starters are approved according IEC / EN 60947-2, IEC / EN 60947-4-1 and UL 60947-4-1A (previously
UL 508). The protection function is realized with the following sub-functions:
−overload protection
−short-circuit protection
−phase loss sensitivity
Upon detection of a fault, the manual motor starter disconnects all phases from the supply, directly isolating the
protected load. In addition, manual motor starters increase the device reliability by reacting quickly, protecting
against damage to the load-side circuits and motor by operating within milliseconds following a short-circuit fault.
The term “manual motor starter” is not directly stated in either standard, with the terms for the UL “Manual Motor
Controller” or “Combination Motor Controller” used as these terms refer to these devices. For the International Elec-
trotechnical Commission (IEC), these devices are referred to as “motor protection circuit-breaker (MPCB)” or simply
“circuit- breakers”.
Other common aliases for a manual motor starter include:
−motor-protective circuit-breakers (MPCB)
−manual motor protectors (MMP)
−manual motor controllers (MMC)
−manual starter protectors (MSP)
−motor circuit protectors (MCP)
−motor protection (MP)

Power terminals
They allow the connection of up to two conductors with different
cross-sections for the main.
 ON/OFF handle (operator)
For switching ON and OFF; indication of a possible trip; with inte-
grated shut-off device. Switching on and off must be done quickly and
without interruption.
 Current setting dial
The dial makes it easy to set the device to the rated motor current.
 Label for marking
 TEST-Function
Allows testing of the trigger mechanism.
 DIN rail mounting
Allows mounting the device on DIN rails 35x15 mm and 35x7.5 mm.








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2.1.1 Release (tripping element)
Manual motor starters fulfill trip classes in accordance with IEC 60947-4-1 and UL 60947-4-1A. The trip class indicates
the maximum tripping time from a cold state. This tripping time refers to a steady symmetrical three-pole load with
a 7.2x current setting.
Similar to molded case circuit-breakers (MCCB), standard manual motor starters are equipped with two releases:
−An adjustable, inverse time-delay overcurrent release for overload protection
−A fixed, instantaneous release for short-circuit protection
Magnetic only (MO) manual motor starters are equipped with an instantaneous short-circuit release. When com-
bined with an external overload relay, this wiring schematic closely resembles that of conventional combination
starters (e.g. circuit-breaker, contactor, and overload relay).
In the event of a motor overload, the overload relay trips and the contactor is switched OFF. However, the manual
motor starter magnetic only stays switched ON. The magnetic only manual motor starter trips only in the event of a
short-circuit and clears the fault. Consequently, this starter differentiates between overloads and short-circuits by
means of separate signaling (does not apply to the MS116).
2.1.2 Time-current characteristics (tripping characteristics)
Tripping times in accordance with the harmonized IEC 60947-4-1, UL 60947-4-1A and CSA C22.2 No. 60947-4-1 stand-
ards can be seen in the figures below. The tripping characteristics of the inverse time-delay thermal over-current
release applies for direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) with frequencies of 50/60 Hz.
For three-pole loads and currents of between 3 - 8 times the set current, the tolerance of the tripping time is ±20 %.
The tripping characteristics of the instantaneous short-circuit releases is based on the rated operational current Ie,
which, in the case of the manual motor starter is the same as the upper value of the setting range. Lower current set-
tings result in a higher multiple for the tripping current of the instantaneous short-circuit releases. The tripping
characteristic curves are valid for the cold state; and the warm state, while the tripping times of the inverse time-
delay thermal over-current release have a higher spread.
Figure 3: Tripping diagram for the MSx and MOx.
Tripping curves for manual motor starters are easily accessible at ABB’s Download Center.
https://library.abb.com/ > All Categories > Products > Low Voltage Products and Systems > Control Product > Manual Motor Starters

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2.1.3 Overload protection
An overload is defined as an operating condition in an electrically damaged circuit which causes an overcurrent. In
compliance with international and national standards, manual motor starters have a setting scale in amperes, which
allows the device to be adjusted directly without any additional calculation. In compliance with international and na-
tional standards, the setting current is the rated current of the motor and not the tripping current (no tripping at
1.05 x I, tripping at 1.2 x I after 2 hours; I = setting current).
2.1.4 Overload trip classes
ABB manual motor starters fulfill their trip classes in accordance with IEC 60947-4-1 and UL 60947-4-1A. The trip
class of a manual motor starter indicates the maximum tripping time from a cold state. This tripping time refers to a
steady symmetrical three-pole load with a 7.2x current setting.
Tripping times in accordance with IEC 60947-4-1 and UL 60947-4-1 can be seen in the figures “Tripping characteris-
tics”.
Class
Tripping time Tp[s] at 7.2 x Ie
10A
2 < Tp≤10
10
4 < Tp≤10
20
6 < Tp≤20
30
9 < Tp≤30
Table 3: The information above is based on IEC 60947-4-1 and is intended for reference only.
2.1.5 Short-circuit protection
A short-circuit is defined as an accidental or intentional conductive path between two or more conductive parts forc-
ing the electrical potential between these conductive parts to be equal to, or close to, zero. The short-circuit release
is set at a fixed multiple value (non-adjustable) of the manual motor starter’s rated operational current Ie.
The short-circuit releases of the manual motor starter disconnect the load from the grid in each of short-circuits,
thus preventing further damage. With a short-circuit breaking capacity up to 100 kA at a voltage of 400 V AC, the
manual motor starter is considered to be short-circuit proof if higher short-circuit currents are not to be expected at
the installation site of the devices.
2.1.5.1 Short-circuit coordination
The main task of the short circuit protection device is the rapid detection, limiting and switching off of high fault
currents and limiting the damage to the short circuit location.
If you want to ensure that no components are unduly loaded or damaged by the short circuit current shutdown, mu-
tual coordination of the starter components contactor and circuit-breaker is necessary. The short-circuit
coordination between switching and protection devices covers the electro-physical processes of all components
loaded in the event of a short circuit.
2.1.5.2 Definition according to IEC 60947-4-1
Coordination type 1:
−In the event of a short circuit, the contactor or the starter must not endanger persons and equipment.
−The contactor or the starter need not be suitable for further operation without repair and partial renewal.
−Damage to the contactor and the overload relay is permitted.
Coordination type 2:
−In the event of a short circuit, the contactor or the starter must not endanger persons and equipment.
−The contactor or starter must be suitable for further use.
−The overload relay or other parts must not be damaged, except for the welding of the contactor or starter
contacts, if they are easy to disconnect without appreciable deformation (for example with a screwdriver).
For additional information to select the right short-circuit coordination type, please use the Selected Optimized Coordination (SOC) selec-
tion tool (http://applications.it.abb.com/SOC/page/selection.aspx).

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2.1.6 Phase loss sensitivity
Phase loss sensitivity is a characteristic of an inverse time-delay and thermal over-current releases. A strong imbal-
ance between phases can damage motors and other loads. Manual motor starters are designed to detect these
conditions and trip to prevent load-side circuit and motor damage.
2.1.7 Single-phase and direct current (DC) loads
In order for manual motor starters to protect single-phase loads or direct current (DC) loads, all three main poles
must be connected in series (see figures below).
Figure 4: Connection diagram for single-phase and direct current.

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2.2 Terms and ratings
2.2.1 Rated operational voltage (Ue)
The rated operational voltage of a manual motor starter is a value of phase-to phase voltage which determines the
possible application of the manual motor starter. This voltage needs to be considered in combination with a rated
operational current.
2.2.2 Rated short-circuit making capacity (Icm)
The rated short-circuit making capacity (current, voltage) is the short-circuit current that a manual motor starter can
make at a rated operational voltage, rated frequency and a fixed power factor. It is expressed as the maximum pro-
spective peak current.
2.2.3 Rated short-circuit breaking capacity
The rated short-circuit breaking capacity (current, voltage) is the short-circuit current that a manual motor starter
can break at rated operational voltage, rated frequency and a fixed power factor. It is expressed as the maximum
prospective peak current. It is expressed as the rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity or rated service short-
circuit breaking capacity.
2.2.3.1 Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity (Icu) acc. to IEC / EN 60947-2
This is the maximum short-circuit breaking capacity (current, voltage) that manual motor starter can interrupt with-
out being damaged. After the short-circuit interruption, in the event of an overload, the manual motor starter is able
to trip with increased tolerances.
2.2.3.2 Rated service short-circuit breaking capacity (Ics) acc. to IEC / EN 60947-2
This is the short-circuit breaking capacity (current, voltage) that manual motor starters can repeatedly interrupt
without being damaged. After the short-circuit interruption, the manual motor starter is able to carry the rated oper-
ational current and to trip in the case of an overload.
2.2.3.3 What are the difference between the rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity (Icu) and rated service
short-circuit breaking capacity (Ics)
The difference between rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity Icu and rated service short-circuit breaking ca-
pacity Ics is the test sequence in IEC / EN 60947-2:
−Part 8.3.4 Test sequence II: Rated service short-circuit breaking capacity
−Part 8.3.5 Test sequence III: Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity
The test sequence for Icu is O-t-CO. In this sequence manual motor starter has to switch off a short-circuit (“O”), re-
main off for 3 minutes (“t”) and then it is switched again on this short-circuit in order to switch it off (“CO”). In this
case the overload characteristic curve can change for a longer period of time and the manual motor starter does not
have the full current-carrying capacity.
The test sequence for ICS is O-t-CO-t-CO. In this sequence the manual motor starter hast to switch off the short-cir-
cuit (“O”), have a 3-minute break (“t”), switch on the existing short-circuit and switch it off again (“CO”), have another
3-minute break (“t”), switch on the existing short-circuit again and switch it off again (“CO”). After that, the manual
motor starter must be able to carry the full current and the overload characteristic curve must not change perma-
nently.
2.2.4 Rated short-time withstand current (Icw)
The rated short-time current an item of equipment can withstand is the value of the short-time withstand current,
which the equipment can carry without damage under the test conditions specified in the relevant product standard.

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2.2.5 Selectivity categories
The IEC 60947-2 defines two different selectivity categories of low-voltage circuit-breakers:
-Category A = Circuit-breakers not specifically intended for selectivity under short-circuit conditions, which
typically do not have any intentional short‐time delay. The short‐time withstand current is not taken into ac-
count.
-Category B = Circuit-breakers specifically intended for selectivity under short-circuit conditions. ABB manual
motor starters are all selectivity category A. Such breakers must have the possibility for a short‐time delay
and also specify a minimum value short‐time withstand current rating according to standard.
2.2.6 Ambient air temperature compensation
Ambient air temperature compensation is realized by utilizing a bimetal which counteracts the working bimetals of
the inverse time-delay thermal over-current release. This second bimetal is not heated by the motor current but
bends only under the influence of the ambient air temperature. As a result, the influence of the ambient air tempera-
ture on the tripping characteristics of the manual motor starter is automatically compensated for, at an ambient
temperature of 20°C.
Figure 5: Diagram for the Ambient air temperature compensation.
The ambient air temperature compensation is defined in IEC / EN 609471-4-1 within a temperature range from –5 to
+40 °C. The ABB manual motor starters have a temperature compensation from -25°C up to +60°C.

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2.2.7 Temperature rise of the manual motor starter
ABB tests the manual motor starters according to the Standard IEC 60947-1 table 2 and 3. This table indicates the
maximum temperature rise of the manual motor starters. Here you will find some example for the temperature rise:
Terminal material
Temperature-rise limits a, c
in Kelvin [K]
Bare copper
60
Bare brass
65
Tin plated copper or brass
65
Silver plated or nickel-plated copper or brass
70
Other metals
b
a The use in service of connected conductors significantly smaller than those listed in Tables 9 and 10 could
result in higher terminals and internal part temperatures and such conductors should not be used without the
manufacturer’s consent since higher temperatures could lead to equipment failure.
b Temperature-rise limits to be based on service experience or life tests but not to exceed 65 K.
c Different values may be prescribed by product standards for different test conditions and for devices of
small dimensions, but not exceeding by more than 10 K the values of this table.
Table 4: Table 2 from IEC 60947-1 Temperature-rise limits of terminals
Accessible parts
Temperature-rise limits a
in Kelvin [K]
Manual operating means:
Metallic
Non-metallic
15
20
Parts intended to be touched but not hand-held:
Metallic
Non-metallic
30
40
Parts which need not be touched during normal operation b:
Exteriors of enclosures adjacent to cable entries:
Metallic
Non-metallic
Exterior of enclosures for resistors
Air issuing from ventilation openings of enclosures for resistors
40
50
200b
200b
A Different values may be prescribed by product standards for different test conditions and for devices of small dimensions but
not exceeding by more than 10 K the values of this table.
b The equipment shall be protected against contact with combustible materials or accidental contact with
personnel. The limit of 200 K may be exceeded if so stated by the manufacturer. Guarding and location to prevent danger is the re-
sponsibility of the installer. The manufacturer shall provide appropriate information, in accordance with 5.3.
Table 5: Table 3 from IEC 60947-1 Temperature-rise limits of accessible parts.

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2.2.8 Trip-free mechanism
As required by IEC 60947-1, the manual motor starter features a trip-free mechanism. This means that the manual
motor starter trips even if the handle is locked in the “ON” position or held by hand. According to IEC 60204, a supply
disconnecting device also requires a trip-free mechanism.
2.2.9 Phase loss sensitivity
According to IEC 609471-4-1, phase loss sensitivity is a characteristic of an inverse time-delay thermal over-current
release. In the case of a loss of incoming power or a strong imbalance of the phases, this ensures that the manual
motor starter trips.
Timely tripping in the event that a two-phase supply is too long prevents an over current in the remaining phases,
which could damage the motor or other loads.
Limits of operation
No tripping within 2 hours 2 Pole: 1.0 x Ie
1 Pole: 0.9 x Ie
Tripping within 2 hours
2 Pole: 1.15 x I
e
1 Pole: 0 x Ie
Table 6: The information above is based IEC 60947-4-1
During normal operation, the device should be symmetrically loaded on all three poles to prevent early tripping due
to phase loss sensitivity. In order to protect single-phase or direct-current devices, all three main poles have to be
connected in series, see also Chapter: 2.1.7 Single-phase and direct current (DC) loads.
2.2.10 Mechanical and electrical durability
Due to product design characteristics, manual motor starters vary in regard to the number of electrical and mechani-
cal operations which can be sustained over the product life. Below is a comparison between manual motor starters,
contactors and circuit-breakers.
Rating Manual motor
starters
Contactors
< 100 Amps
Circuit-breaker
s
Mechanical durability
Up to 100,000
>10,000,000
25,000
Electrical durability
Up to 100,000
>1,000,000
8,000
Table 7: Examples of mechanical and electrical durability
Since molded case circuit-breakers are designed to protect circuits and loads rather than control them, the mechani-
cal and electrical durability of these devices is quite low. Contactors which are designed specifically for load control
have very high mechanical and electrical durability. Manual motor starters which are designed to provide both con-
trol and protection are rated higher than general circuit-breaker types.