ABB HCB Manual

Instruction
Leaflet
I
.
L
.
41
-
971.2
H
ABB
Power
T
&
D
Company
inc
.
Relay
Division
Coral
Springs
,
FL
33065
A
llll
Type
HCB
Pilot Wire
Relay
System
Effective
April
1987
Supersedes
I
.
L
.
41
-
972.2
G
dated
January
1977
Denotes
change
since
previous
issue
CAUTION
:
service
,
make
sure
that
all
moving
parts operate
freely
,
inspect
the
contacts
to
see
that
they
are
clean
and
close
properly
,
and
operate
the
relay
to
check
the
settings
and
electrical
connections
.
tions
in
the
front
of
the
relay
.
The
R
1
tap
links also
connect
to
the
Rj
resistor
(
looped
resistance
wire
)
.
Ro
consists
of
three
tube
resistors
with
taps
wired
to
the
circularly
arranged
Ro
tap
connections
in
the
front
of
the
relay
.
R
^
taps
are
on
the
R
^
resistance
wire
and
are
wired
to
the
circularly
arranged
R
tap
connections
in
the
front of
the
relay
.
Before
putting
protective
relays
into
APPLICATION
The
type
HCB
relay
is
a
high
speed
pilot
wire
relay
designed
for
the
complete phase
and
ground
protection
of
two
and
three
terminal transmission
lines
.
Simultaneous
tripping
of
the
relay
at
each
ter
-
minal
is
obtained
in
about
20
milliseconds
for
all
faults
.
A
complete
installation
for
a
two
terminal
line consists
of
two
relays
,
two
insulating
trans
-
formers
,
and
an
interconnecting
pilot
wire
circuit
.
For
a
three
terminal
line
,
three
relays
,
three
insul
-
ating
transformers
,
and
a
wye
-
rconnected
pilot
wire
circuit with branches
of
equal
series resistance
are
required
.
SATURATING
TRANSFORMER
The
output
of
the
sequence
filter
connects to
the
primary
of
a
two
-
winding
saturating
transformer
.
The
primary winding
is
tapped
and
wired
to
a
tap
block
T
in
the
front
of
the
relay
.
The
secondary
winding
is
con
-
Q
nected
to
the
zener
clipper
and
from
a
fixed
tap
to
the
relay
coil
circuits
.
POLAR
UNIT
This
unit consists
of
a
rectangular
-
shaped
mag
-
netic
frame
,
an
electromagnet
,
a
permanent
magnet
,
and
an
armature
with
either
one
or
two
contacts
.
The
poles
of
the
cresent
-
shaped
permanent
magnet
bridge
the
magnetic
frame
.
The
magnetic
frame
consists
of
three
pieces
joined
in
the
rear
with
two
brass
rods
and
silver solder
.
These
non
-
magnetic
joints
represent
air
gaps
which
are
bridged
by
two
adjust
-
able
magnetic
shunts
.
The
operating
and
restraint
windings
are
concentrically
wound
around
a
mag
-
netic
core
.
The
armature
is
fastened
to
this
core
at
one
end
and
floats
in
the
front
air
gap
at
the other
end
.
The
moving
contact
is connected
to
the
free
end
of
a
leaf
spring
.
CONSTRUCTION
The
relay
consists
of
a
combination
positive
and
zero
phase
sequence
filter
,
a
saturating
auxiliary
trans
-
former
,
two
full
wave
rectifier
units
,
a
polar
type
relay
O
unit
,
a
zener
clipper
,
and
an
indicating
contactor
switch
(
ICS
)
,
all
mounted
in
a
single
case
.
The
external
equip
-
ment
normally
supplied
with
the
relay
consists
of
an
insulating
transformer
,
a
milliammeter
and
test
switch
.
SEQUENCE
FILTER
The
sequence
filter
consists
of
a
three
-
legged
iron
core
reactor
and
a
set
of
resistors
designated
R
1
and
Ro
.
The
reactor
has
three
windings
;
two
.
primary
and
a
tapped
secondary
winding
,
wound
on
the
center
leg
of
a
"
F
”
type
of
lamination
.
The
secondary
taps
are
wired
to
the
circularly
arranged
R
1
tap
connec
-
RESTRAINT
TAPS
A
set
of
restraint
taps
are
located
on
the
front of
the
relay
near
the
polar
unit
These
taps
are
the
maximum
and minimum
restraint
taps
of
the
relay
.
All
possible
contingencies
which
may
arise
during
installation
,
operation
,
or
maintenance
,
and all
details and
variations
of
this
equipment
do
not
purport
to
be covered
by
these instructions
.
If
further
information
is desired
by
purchaser
regarding
this
particular
installation
,
operation
or
maintenance
of
this
equipment
,
the
local
Asea Brown Boveri
representative
should be
contacted
.
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
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41
-
971.2
H
INDICATING
CONTACTOR
SWITCH
UNIT
(
ICS
)
mum
of
current
in
the
pilot
wire
.
This
increase
in
operating
current
overcomes
the
restraining
effect
and both
the
relays
operate
.
The
d
-
c
indicating
contactor
switch is
a
small
clapper
-
type
device
.
A
magnetic
armature
,
to
which
leaf
-
spring
mounted
contacts
are
attached
,
is
at
-
tracted
to
the
magnetic
core
upon
energization
of
the
switch
.
When
the switch closes
,
the
moving
contacts
bridge
two
stationary
contacts
,
bypassing
the
main
relay
contacts
.
Also
during
this
operation
,
two
fin
-
gers
on
the
armature
deflect
a
spring
located
on
the
front
of
the
switch
,
which allows the
operation
indi
-
cator
target
to
drop
.
The
target
is
reset
from
the
out
-
side
of
the
case
by
a
push
rod located
at
the
bottom
of
the
cover
.
Within
limits
,
as
defined
in
Figure
7
and
under
Characteristics
/
'
all
the
relays
will
operate
for
an
internal
fault
regardless
of
the fault
current
distribu
-
tion
at
the
various
stations
.
The
nominal
pickup
(
total
internal
fault
current
)
of
the
relaying
system
is
equal
to
the
minimum
trip
of
a
single
relay
multi
-
plied
by
the
number
of
relays
.
For
example
,
if
the
pickup
of
each
relay
,
with
the
pilot
wire
open
,
is
6
amperes
,
a
two
terminal line
system
has
a
nominal
pickup
of
2
x
6
=
12
amperes
.
<
{
The
front
spring
,
in
addition
to
holding
the
target
,
provides
restraint
for
the
armature
,
and
thus
controls
the
pick
-
up
value
of
the
switch
.
PILOT
WIRE
EFFECTS
In
Figure
4
it
can
be
seen
that
a
short
-
circuited
pilot
wire
will
short
circuit
the
relay
operating
coils
.
Depending
on
the
location
of
the
short
,
at
least
one
of
the
relays
will
fail
to
trip
during
an
internal
fault
.
If
the
pilot
wire is
open
circuited
,
almost
all
the
re
-
straint
coil
current
will flow
through
the
operating
coil
and
the
relay
operates
as
an
over
-
current
device
.
OPERATION
The
connection
of
the
HCB
system
of
relays
to
the
protected
transmission line
is
shown
in
Fig
.
8
.
In
such
a
connection
,
the
relays
operate
for
faults
within the
line
terminals but
not
for
faults
external
to
the
protected
transmission
line
.
This
is
accom
-
plished
by
comparing
the relative
polarities
of
vol
-
tages
at
opposite
ends
of
the
transmission
line
by
means
of
a
metallic
pilot
wire
.
Excessive
pilot
wire
series
impedance
will
ap
-
proach
an
open
-
circuited condition
and
the
relays
will
operate
during
external
faults
.
Excessive
pilot
wire
shunt
capacitance
will
approach
a
short
-
circuited
con
-
dition
and the
relays
will
not
operate
.
As
shown
in
Figure
8
,
the
composite
sequence
filter
of
each
HCB
relay
receives
three
phase
current
from
the
current
transformers of
the
transmission line
.
The
composite
sequence
filter
of
the
HCB
converts
the
three
-
phase
current
input
into
a
single
-
phase
voltage
output
,
Vp
,
of
a
magnitude
which
is
an
adjustable
func
-
tion
of
the
phase
A
positive
and
zero
sequence
current
.
This
voltage
,
Vp
,
is
impressed
on
the
primary
wiring
of
the
saturating
transformer
.
The
saturating
transformer
output
voltage
,
V
$
,
is
applied
to
the
relay
coils
and
to
the
pilot
wire
through
an
insulating
transformer
.
The
saturat
-
O
ing
transformer
and
a
zener
clipper
across
its
secondary
winding
serve
to
limit
the
energy
input
to
the
pilot
wire
.
During
an
external fault
,
assuming
matched
relays
,
the
magnitude
ofVg
at
both
stations
will
be the
same
.
The
relative
polarities
of
the
Vg
voltages
will
be
as
shown
in
Figure
4
.
Since
the
voltages
add
,
most
of
the
current
will
circulate
through
the
restraint coils
and
the
pilot
wire
,
with
a
minimum
of
operating
coil
current
.
The
relative
effects of
the
operating
and
re
-
straintcoil
currents
are
such
that
the
relay
is
restrained
.
POLAR
UNIT
THEORY
The
polar
unit
flux
paths
are
shown
in
Figure
5
.
With
balanced
air
gaps
,
the
permanent
magnet
pro
-
duces flux
flowing
in
two
paths
,
one
through
the
front
gaps
and
one
through
the
rear
gaps
.
This
flux
produces
north
and south
poles
,
as
shown
.
By
turning
the left
shunt
in
,
some
of
the
flux
is
forced
through
the
armature
,
making
it
a
north
pole
.
Thus
,
reducing
the left
-
hand
rear
gap
will
produce
a
force
tending
to
pull
the
armature
to
the
right
.
Similarly
,
reducing
the
right
-
hand
gap
will
produce
a
force
tending
to
pull
the
armature
to
the left
.
CHARACTERISTICS
The
voltage
,
Vp
,
impressed
by
the filter
upon
the
saturating
transformer
is
:
Vp
=
R
i
+
^
AO
(
^
1
volts
where
Rj
and
R
0
are
the
positive
and
zero
sequence
tap
values
,
respectively
;
(
1
)
During
an
internal
fault
,
the
relative
Vg
polarities
reverse
.
Since
the
Vg
voltages
now
oppose
each
other
,
most
of
the
current
flowing
in
the
restraint
coils is
also
forced
through
the
operating
coils with
a
mini
-
I
^
i
and
IAO
are
the
Positive
and
zero
sequence
phase
A
current
inputs
,
respectively
,
in
amperes
.
These
are
vector
quantities
.
2
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
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41
-
971.2
H
O
Fig
.
7
-
Type
HCB
Relay
Without
Case
(
Front
View
)
.
3
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.2
H
O
F
ig
.
2
.
Type
HCB
Relay
Without
Case
(
Rear View
)
.
4
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
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L
.
41
-
971.2
H
NOMINAL
PICKUP
(
ALL
RELAYS
)
SINGLE
RELAY
PICKUP
(
PILOT
WIRE
OPEN
)
ls
,
is
defined
as
Single relay
pickup
,
Is
,
is
defined
as
the
phase
current
required
to
operate
one
relay
with
the
pilot
wire
side
of
the
insulating
transformer
open
circuited
(
H
1
-
H
4
)
.
The
single relay
pickup point
in
terms
of
filter
voltage
is
:
The
nominal
pickup
,
I
nom
(
6
)
I
=
KIS
nom
=
total internal
fault
current
K
=
number
of
relays
(
2
or
3
)
Is
=
single
-
relay
pickup
with
pilot
wire
disconnected
(
see
above
)
where
I
nom
VF
=
0.2
T
(
2
)
where
T
is
the
saturating
transformer
tap
value
.
Single relay
pickup
is
defined
by
equating
(
1
)
&
(
2
)
:
For
example
,
for
a
phase
-
A
-
to
-
ground
fault
,
I
^
i
11
IAO
with
the
pilot
wire
open
circuited
,
the
single
-
relay
pickup
was
previously
determined
as
IAG
"
0.471
am
-
pere
.
For
a
two
-
terminal
line
,
the
nominal
pickup
for
a
phase
-
A
-
to
-
ground
fault
(
Rj
=
0.1
;
Ro
-
1.6
;
T
=
4
)
0.2
T
—
2
i
Rj
+
IAQ
(
^
1
3
R
0
)
(
3
)
Current
Is
varies
with the
type
of
fault
.
For
ex
-
ample
,
for
a
3
phase
fault
,
Is
=
IA
1
,
since
only
posi
-
tive
sequence
currentis
present
.
Substituting
Is
=
IAI
in
Eq
.
(
3
)
&
rearranging
,
the
3
phase
fault
pickup
is
:
is
:
(
A
to
G
)
-
0.471
K
=
0.471
x
2
=
0.942
ampere
.
I
nom
-
— —
(
3
phase
fault
) (
4
)
IS
=
IAI
=
MINIMUM
TRIP
(
ALL
RELAYS
)
2
Ri
IORI
With
equal
inputs
to
all
relays
and
zero
pilot
-
wire
shunt
capacitance
,
the
relays
will
operate
at
their
nominal
pick
-
up
point
.
The
minimum
trip
points
will
vary
somewhat
from
nominal
value
,
depending
on
the
pilot
-
wire
constants
and
the
magnitude
and
phase
angle
of
the
various
relay
input
currents
.
For
exam
-
ple
,
Figure
6
shows
the
relay operating
points
for
a
two
-
terminal line
,
assuming
input
current
to
the
near
relay only
.
If
Rx
=
0.1
,
R
0
=
1.6
&
T
=
4
:
I
-
T
S
IORi
10
X
0.1
i
—
=
4
amp
.
(
3
phase
fault
)
For
a
phase
A
to
ground
fault
,
if
I
A
I
-
IA
2
"
*
A
0
(
IA
2
is
^
e
phase
A
negative
sequence
current
)
:
0.2
T
=
2
IA
1
Rl
+
IA
1
(
Rl
+
3
R
0
)
An
example
of
the characteristics
with
various
current
distributions is shown
in
Figure
7
.
The
filter
output
voltage
,
VF
,
of
each
relay
,
as
defined
by
equation
(
1
)
must
be
in
phase
or
180
degrees
out
of
phase
,
in
order
for
Figure
7
to
apply
.
0.2
T
-
!
A
0
lAl
~
3
(
Rj
+
R
0
)
But
:
Is
-
IA
1
+
IA
2
+
IA
0
=
31
A
i
INSULATING
TRANSFORMER
0.2
T
(
A
-
G
fault
)
(
5
)
So
:
Is
=
3
IA
1
=
Unless
otherwise
noted
,
all
characteristics
pre
-
sented
include
an
insulating
transformer
with
each
relay
.
Two
ratios
are
available
:
4
/
1
and
6
/
1
.
The
high
voltage
side
is
connected
to
the
pilot
-
wires
.
Rl
+
RQ
Rl
=
0.1
,
R
0
=
1.6
&
T
=
4
:
If
0.2
x
4
0.2
T
h
=
Rl
+
RQ
0.1
+
1.6
0.8
=
0.471
amp
.
(
A
-
G
fault
)
"
1.7
5
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
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.
41
-
971.2
H
INTERNAL
SCHEMATIC
14
16
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JACK
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8
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.
_
v
-
J
TERMINAL
FRONT
VIE
\
y
A
B
N
C
Sub
5
629
A
312
O
F
9
-
3
-
Internal
Schematic
of
the
Type
HCB
Relay
in
FT
’
42
Case
(
Double
Trip
Circuit
)
.
For
the
Single
Trip
Relay
the
Circuits
Associated with
Terminal
II
are
omitted
.
6
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.2
H
INSULATING
TRANSFORMER
SATURATING
TRANSFORMER
TH
*
)
SATURATING
TRANSFORMER
PILOT
N
N
R
A
k
FILTER
FILTER
OP
OP
B
B
C
c
WIRE
R
-
RESTRAINT
COIL
OP
-
OPERATING
COIL
vs
-
SATURATING
TRANSFORMER
VOLTAGE
OUTPUT
(
REEATIVE
POLARITIES
ARE
FOR
THRU
CURRENT
OR
EXTERNAL
FAULT
)
183
A
061
Fig
.
4
.
Simplified
External
Schematic
of
the
HCB
Belay
System
.
SHUNT
X
-
I
i
t
PERMANENT
MAGNET
t
:
x
:
h
rT
"
l
XX
)
ARMATuRE
ADDITIONAL
FLUX
PATH
Mllfs
S
*
N
Cl
^
N
i
MOVINu
CONTACT
UNBALANCED
AIR
CAPS
BALANCED
AIR
JAPS
183
A
062
Fig
.
5
.
Polar
Unit
Permanent
Magnet
Flux
Paths
.
PILOT
-
WIRE
REQUIREMENTS
TABLE
I
The
relays
should
not
be
applied
with
pilot
-
wire
series
resistance
or
shunt
capacitance
exceeding
the
following
values
:
Insulating
Transformer
Ratio
No
.
of
Relays
6
/
1
4
/
1
RL
Cs
RL
Cs
2000
50
°
/
LEG
]
.
5
2
1000
/
LEG
0.75
1.8
3
RL
=
series
loop
resistance
in
ohms
.
Cs
=
total
shunt
capacitance
in
microfarads
.
7
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.2
H
close
to
the
remote
ground
potential
in
the
presence
of
a
rise
in
station
-
ground
potential
.
They
do
not
limit
pilot
-
wire
voltages
to
safe
values
in
the
presence
of
a
longitudinal
induced
voltage
.
When
using
the
neutralizing
reactor
,
the
pilot
-
wire
sheath
should
be
insulated
from
station
ground
to
minimize
sheath
-
to
-
pair potential
in
the
presence
of
a
rise
in
station
-
ground
potential
.
All
other
pairs
in
the
cable
which
are
connected
to
station
ground
should also
be
pro
-
tected
with
neutralizing
reactors to
minimize
pair
-
to
-
pair
voltages
.
b
)
Drainage
reactors
may
be
connected
across
the
pilot
wire
and
to
ground through
a
KX
642
protector
tube
.
The
drainage
reactor
is
particularly
effective
in
limiting
pair
-
to
-
ground
voltage
in
the
presence
of
an
induced
voltage
.
When
the
tube
flashes
,
both
wires
are
connected
to
ground
through
the
drainage
reactor
windings
which
offer
a
low
impedance
to
ground
but
maintain
a
high
impedance
to
an a
-
c
voltage
across
the
wires
.
Thus
,
the
HCB
system
will
operate
normally
even
though
the
protector
tube
has flashed
over
.
The
drainage
reactor
is
not
intended
to
handle
a
rise
in
ground
potential
.
619594
Fig
.
6
.
Typical
Curves
Showing
the
Effect of
the
Pilot
Wire
on
Minimum
Trip
Current
,
Two
-
Terminal
Line
(
Maximum
Restraint
Tap
)
.
Insulating
Transformer
4
/
1
Ratio
.
Where
the
shunt
capacitance
exceeds
the
above
amount
,
it
may
be
feasible
in
some cases
to
provide
shunt
reactors to
compensate
for
the
excessive
ca
-
pacitance
.
The
amount
of
capacitance
which
can
be
compensated
is
limited and
varies
depending
upon
the
magnitude
of
the
pilot
-
wire
distributed
effect
.
c
)
The
neutralizing
and
drainage
reactors
may
be utilized
together
.
If
the
neutralizing
reactor
is
to
be
of
any
value
,
the
drainage
reactor
through
the
KX
642
pro
-
tector
tube
must
be connected
to
remote
ground
.
For
information with
reference
to
the
insula
-
tion and
protection
equipment
,
refer
to
I
.
L
.
41
-
971.4
.
A
shielded
,
twisted
pilot
wire
pair
,
preferably
of
#
19
AWG
or
larger
,
is
recommended
;
however
,
open
wires
may
be used
if
they
are
frequently
transposed
in
areas
of
exposure
to
power
circuit
induction
.
The
voltage
impressed
across
either
insulating
transformer
(
H
-
l
to
H
-
4
)
as
a
result
of
induction
or
a
rise
in
sta
-
tion
ground
potential
,
should
be
less
than
7.5
volts
to
prevent
undesired
relay
operation
.
TRIP
CIRCUIT
The
main
contacts
will
safely
close
30
amperes
at
250
volts d
.
c
.
,
and
the seal
-
in
contacts
of
the
in
-
dicating
contactor
switch
will
safely
carry
this
cur
-
rent
long enough
to
trip
a
circuit breaker
.
The
indicating
contactor
switch has
two
taps
that
provide
a
pick
-
up
setting
of
0.2
or
2
amperes
.
To
change
taps
requires
connecting
the lead
located
in
front of
the
tap
block
to
the
desired
setting
by
means
of
a
screw
connection
.
For
three
-
terminal
applications
,
the
loop
resist
-
ance
of
all
legs
of
the
pilot
wire
must
be
balanced
within
5
percent
,
with variable resistors
as
shown
in
Figure
8
.
The
pilot
wire
resistance
to
be balanced
is
divided
by
16
and
36
for
the
4
to
1
and
6
to
1
ratio
insulating
transformers
respectively
,
since the
bal
-
ancing
resistors
are
located
on
the
relay
side
of
the
insulating
transformers
.
SETTINGS
There
are
four
settings
in
the
relay
.
The
correct
tap
setting
should be
determined
as
outlined
under
Setting
Calculations
”
.
1
)
Restraint
taps
-
maximum
or
minimum
To
change
taps
,
connect
the
lead
in
front
of
the
relay
to
the
correct
tap
.
Induced
voltages
and
rises
in
station
-
ground
po
-
tential
may
be handled
by
the
following
means
:
1 1
a
)
Neutralizing
reactors
may
be
connected
in
series
with the
pilot
wire
to
hold
the
pilot
wire
potential
8
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

N
3
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I
.
L
.
41
-
971.2
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External
Schematic
of
the
Type
HCB
Relay
in
FT
-
42
Case
•
Two
-
or
Three
-
Terminal
Line
.
O
Fig
.
8
.
10
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.2
H
2
)
T
tap
-
4
,
5
,
6
,
8
,
10
,
12
,
and
15
To
change
taps
,
loosen
center
screw
and
move
tap
link
to
desired
setting
.
Tap
screw
and
cen
-
ter
screw
to
be
tight
after
tap
change
is
made
.
all
terminals
,
divided
by
the
number
of
terminals
(
P
-
P
)
—
nominal
internal
phase
to
phase
fault
sensitivity
I
nom
.
3
)
Ri
tap
-
0.07
,
0.10
,
0.15
(
tap
plate
marking
)
Actual
values
are
0.075
,
0.10
,
0.15
.
To
change
taps
,
loosen
center
screw
and
move
tap
link
to
desired
setting
.
Insert
two
tap
screws
at
each
end
of
the
tap
link
and
tighten
center
screw
as
well
as
two
tap
screws
.
4
)
Ro
tap
-
0.39
,
0.51
,
0.68
,
0.90
,
1.2
and
1.6
To
change
taps
,
loosen
center
screw
and
move
tap
link
to
desired
tap
.
Tap
screw
and
center
screw
to
be
tight
after
tap
change
is
made
.
(
P
-
G
)
—
nominal
internal
line
to
ground
fault
sensitivity
^
Nc
^
Nc
—
I
nom
.
current
transformer
ratio
at
Station
I
and
II
respectively
PHASE
FAULT
SENSITIVITY
(
Rj
and
T
Taps
)
The
phase
fault
pickup
is
determined
by
the
Rj
and
T
taps
.
In
order
to
operate
on
the
minimum
line
-
to
-
line
fault
current
,
the
Rj
and
T
taps
should
be
set
for
not
more
than
:
5
)
R
1
A
Taps
-
(
0.07
,
0.10
,
0.15
)
(
tap
plate
marking
)
Actual
values
are
.
025
,
.
033
,
0.05
.
Note
:
It
is
recommended
that
these
taps
be
set
in
the
same
tap
as
the
Ri
tap
for
all
appli
-
cations
.
T
<
5
I
3
P
(
7
)
R
1
o
The
value
of
51
^
p
comes
from
the
fact
that
the
positive
sequence
current
present
in
the
phase
-
to
-
phase
fault
is
half
that
of
the
minimum
three
phase
fault
.
To
change
taps
,
loosen
center
screw
and
move
tap
link
to
desired
tap
.
Tap
screw
and
center
screw
to
be
tight
after
tap
change
is
made
.
In
order
to
prevent
operation
on
load
current
if
the
pilot
wires
become
open
circuited
,
bthe
R
^
and
T
taps
should
be
set
for
not
less
than
:
INDICATING
CONTACTOR
SWITCH
(
ICS
)
The
only
setting
required
on
the
ICS
is
the
selec
-
tion
of
the
0.2
or
2.0
ampere
tap
setting
.
This
selec
-
tion
is
made
by
connecting
the
lead
located
in
front
of
the
tap
block
to
the
desired
setting
by
means
of
the
connecting
screw
.
T
—
>
10
IL
(
8
)
Ri
The
available
taps
are
:
Rx
:
0.07
,
0.10
,
and
0.15
T
:
4
,
5
,
6
,
8
,
10
,
12
,
and
15
SETTING
CALCULATIONS
Where
sufficient
fault
current
is
available
,
it
is
recommended
that
the
relays
be
set
as
follows
:
The
HCB
relay
has
four
sets
of
taps
:
Rj
,
T
,
R
0
,
and
restraint
taps
.
The
following
discussion
estab
-
lishes
limits
for
the
various
tap
settings
under
dif
-
ferent
operating
conditions
.
It
should
be
kept
in
mind
that
settings
to
obtain
operation
on
minimum
internal
fault
conditions
are
based
on
the
total
fault
current
that
flows
into
the
protected
line
from
all
terminals
.
T
-
=
1.25
x
10
IL
=
12.5
IL
(
9
)
R l
The
required
T
/
Rj
ratio
may
be
obtained
by
any
combination
of
T
and
Rj
.
However
,
the
T
tap
must
be
set
the
same
at
all
stations
.
The
R
^
taps
may
be
utilized
to
compensate
for
different
CT
ratios
with
two
-
terminal
lines
if
the
pilot
-
wire
loop
resistance
is
1000
ohms
or
less
.
Auxiliary
CT
’
s
and
identical
Rq
tap
settings
must
be
used
with
different
main
CT
ratios
on
all
three
-
terminal
lines
and
on
two
-
terminal
lines
with
more
than
1000
ohms
loop
resistance
in
the
pilot
wire
.
TERMS
Rj
,
T
,
R
0
-
Relay
taps
*
3
p
~
total
minimum
internal
3
-
phase
second
-
ary
fault
current
fed
from
all
terminals
,
divided
by
the
number
of
terminals
(
2
or
3
)
—
maximum
secondary
load
current
flow
-
ing
through
the
protected
line
IL
GROUND
FAULT
SENSITIVITY
(
R
0
Tap
)
The
ground
fault
pickup
is
determined
by
R
0
and
T
taps
.
(
T
should
be
determined
by
the
phase
set
-
ting
.
)
In
order
to
operate
on
the
minimum
line
-
to
-
—
total
minimum
secondary
ground
fault
current
fed
into
the
protected
line
from
I
g
11
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.2
H
ground
fault
current
,
the
R
0
tap
setting
should
be
Q
Equation
11
is
based
on
the nominal
system
pickup
of
a
not
less
than
:
two
terminal
(
I
>
JOM
=
21
s
)
.
0.2
T
>
(
10
)
Note
that
the
tapped
bank
must
not act
as
a
ground
source
for
high
-
side
faults
(
e
.
g
.
high
side
connected
in
delta
)
.
Ordinarily
this
means
that
the
R
0
tap
settings
need
not
be
changed
,
since
no
zero
-
sequence
current
flows
in
the
line
when
the low side
is
grounded
.
Ro
I
g
The
available
RQ
taps
are :
0.39
,
0.51
,
0.68
,
0.90
,
1.2
,
and
1.6
.
For
overhead
lines
,
it
is
recommended
that
the
1.6
R
0
tap
be
used
to
obtain
maximum
sensitivity
.
For
cable circuits
,
where
the line
charging
cur
-
SETTING
EXAMPLE
rent
exceeds
5
%
of
nominal
pickup
current
,
set
R
0
for
about
:
CASE
I
T
RQ
-
The
R
0
taps
at
each line terminal
should
be
set
in
the
same
proportion
as
the
Rj
taps
.
(
See
phase
fault
sensitivity
.
)
RU
TAPS
The
R
1
A
taps
marked
0.07
,
0.10
,
and
0.15
(
actual
values
are
0.025
,
0.033
,
0.05
)
are
utilized
to set
RQ
=
1
/
3
Rj
,
where
no
zero
sequence
sensitivity
is
desired
.
Equation
(
10
)
does
not
apply
for
these
three
taps
.
These
taps
are
used
where
R
0
is
set
in
0
.
Foraall
other
settings
of
RQ
,
the
RJA
taps
are
automatically
bypassed
.
Assume
:
7.5
Two
-
terminal
line
.
CT
ratio
=
600
/
5
Full
-
load
current
=
II
”
400
A
Minimum
3
-
phase
internal
fault
current
:
Through
Station
I
=
1500
A
Through
Station
II
=
2500
A
Minimum
internal
line
-
to
-
ground
fault
current
:
Through
Station
I
=
400
A
Through
Station
II
=
0
Phase
fault
pickup
:
RESTRAINT
TAP
(
Max
.
and
Min
.
)
1500
+
2500
5
T
(
maximum
)
=
51
“
83.3
3
P
"
5
X
x
R
1
600
2
Set
in
maximum
restraint
tap
for
all
two
-
terminal
lines
.
Set
in
minimum
restraint
tap
for
all
three
-
terminal
lines
.
The
use
of
maximum
restraint
on
two
terminal
applications
allows the
relay
to
be
used
for
all
pilot
wires
as
indicated
in
Table
I
.
The
use
of
minimum
restraint
on
three
terminal
applications
com
-
pensates
for
the
desensitizing
effect
of
a
third
ter
-
minal
.
T
=
10
lL
-
10
x
400
x
'
gQQ
~
33.3
(
minimum
)
Ri
The
phase
fault
current
is sufficient
to
allow the
relay
to
be
set to
prevent
tripping
on
an
open
-
circuited
pilot
wire
.
Therefore
,
set
:
NOTE
:
The
relay
pick
up
will
change by
approximately
5
%
between
setting
in
max
.
and
min
.
restraint
taps
.
Relay
is
shipped
calibrated
in
the
max
.
restraint
tap
.
If
set
in min
.
restraint
tap
,
calibrating
will
change
.
See
“
Adjustments
and
Maintenance
”
for
re
-
calibration
pro
-
cedure
.
T
=
12.5
IL
=
41.7
.
RI
Set
both
relays
for
:
T
=
4
,
R j
=
0.1
.
Phase
-
to
-
phase
fault
pickup
:
The
phase
-
to
-
phase
fault
current
sensitivity
is
dependent
only
on
the
positive
sequence
component
of
fault
current
.
The
positive
sequence
current
com
-
ponent
is
58
%
of
the
phase
current
.
Thus
the nominal
current
,
Inom
(
P
-
P
)
,
required
to
trip
the
system
is
:
NIs
TAPPED
LOADS
Where
one
transformer
bank is
tapped
to
a
line
protected
with
two
HCB
relays
,
the
critical
point
is
to
set
above the
fault
current
flow
for
a
fault
on
the
other side
of
the bank
.
Set
the
R
\
and
T
taps
for
:
Inom
(
P
~
P
)
-
.
58
Is
=
single
relay
pickup
for
positive
sequence
.
N
=
number
of
terminals
.
T
77
-
>
5
I
3
PL
Ri
T
where
I
3
PL
=
total
current
for
a
3
-
phase
fault
on
the
low side
of
the
bank
.
(
from
equation
4
)
Is
=
10
Ri
12
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.2
H
INSUL
.
TRANSF
.
INSUL
.
TRANSF
<
£
>
PILOT
o
-
©
r
P
3
>
§
SII
§
am
P
3
Oil
Oil
Is
10
"
AS
LTCII
JOH
1
»
LTCH
*
TAS
a
@
R
4
-
Jin
'
UL
HI
*
AII
je
^
isa
,
Al
^
Bl
AH
**
BM
^
Pg
07
TS
s
:
87
TS
fit
WIRE
O
O
P
%
J
PI
•
IIS
PILOT
WIRE
"
w
-
2
TEST SW
-
S
*
S
06
A
46
«
TFI
2
TE
!
2
u
J
ri
2
TFl
POT
POSITION
CONTACT CIRC
.
LOCAL
LOCAL
!
REM
.
REM
.
NORNNORN CIRC
.
PO
.
PO
BA
.
All
-
011
I
X X
I
o
o
AI
2
-
BC
X X
/
Al
-
Bl
X X
X
AS
-
8
S
A
6
-
B
6
X
V
X X
INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMER
0
-
25
MA
0
-
5
MA
(
IN
PULLOUT
POSITION
)
X
'
DENOTCS CONTACT CLOSE
0
.
RO
.
—
PULL
OUT
POSITION
SPRING
RETURN
TO NORMAL
.
EACH POSITION
WITH
SWING
RETURN
FROM
PULL
OUT
.
GOI
-
ta
“
PANEL
GOR
-
I
-
I
Vs
"
PANEL
0
-
2
SMA
0
-
5
MA
(
IN
PULLOUT
POSITION
)
A
7
-
B
7
~
CII
*
PII
X
x
X X
INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMER
C
12
-
012
PILOT
WIRE
TEST
PULL
OUT
LOW SCALE
Cl
-
PI
C
3
-
DS
C
6
-
06
X X
C
7
-
0
7
RE
MOTE
-
y
‘
/
-
CIRC
.
EI
2
-
EI X X
X X
FI
2
-
FI X
X X X
X X X
X
E
6
-
E
7
F
6
-
F
7
X X X
X
/
V
o
-
(
R
>
°
(
^
>
o
-
(
R
)
o
-
<
R
>
(
OP
»
p
(
OP
MA
MA
MA
O
O
o
o
NORMAL
POSITION
CIRCULATE
POSITION
LOCAL
POSITION
REMOTE
POSITION
NOTE
l
.
TEST SWITCH
IS
SUPPLIED
WITH
ASSEMBLED CONNECTORS
.
THUS
EXTERNAL
CGMCCTIONS
NEED
ONLY
BE
MADE AT
DESIGNATED TERMINALS
(
,
*
6
US
)
V
All
/
Sub
3
293
B
225
NOTE
2
.
TEST
SWITCH
CONTACTS
SHOWN
INFORM
"
POSITION
Q
Fig
.
9
.
HCB
Relay
Test
Circuits
with
S
#
508
A
468601
-
G
02
Type
W
-
2
Switch
and
SW
291
B
318
A
09
Miiiiammeter
0
-
5
-
25
ma
.
T
4
0.6
T
for
three
-
terminal lines
]
C
^
nom
^
G
)
[
jor
2
terminal lines
] ]
Inom
(
P
-
P
)
=
2.89
R
1
.
289
R
0
+
Rj
Restraint
tap
.
=
13.8
A
.
T
4
Use
maximum
restraint
tap
.
Qor
-
3
terminal
lines
] ]
Inom
(
p
_
p
)
-
1.92
Ri
.
192
CASE
II
(
DIFFERENT
CT
RATIOS
)
=
20.8
A
.
Assume
400
/
5
CT
’
s
at
Station
II
and
600
/
5
CT
’
s
at
Station
I
,
with
less
than
1000
ohms
pilot
wire
loop
resistance
.
Ground
fault
pickup
:
0.2
T
_
0.2
x
4
i
600
400
/
2
X
5
=
0.48
RQ
(
minimum
)
=
I
g
At
Station
I
,
set
R
0
=
1.6
as
in
Case
I
.
However
,
set
Ri
=
0.15
to
obtain
Ri
settings
proportional
to
the
CT
ratio
.
From
equation
9
:
An
R
0
tap
exceeding
0.48
will
provide
tripping
.
As
recommended
for
overhead lines
:
5
T
=
12.5
RIIL
=
12.5
x
0.15
x
400
x
Set
T
=
8
=
6.25
600
Set
RQ
1.6
.
The
ground
fault
nominal
pickup
is
:
Station
II
settings
are
:
1.6
0.4
T
0.943
ampere
,
Inom
(
P
G
)
“
RQ
+
R
i
1.7
T
=
8
(
Same
as
Station
I
)
13
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.2
H
relay
and
check
pickup
of
relay
.
Should
be between
6.9
to
7.0
amperes
.
If
not
,
the
polar
unit
should be
recali
-
brated
per
“
polar
unit
calibration
.
”
RNC
(
H
)
400
Rj
=
0.15
=
0.10
0.15
x
RNC
(
I
)
600
400
R
0
=
1.6
x
-
1.07
(
Set
1.2
)
Now
,
connect
a
resistance
,
Rpw
>
across
HI
and
H
4
of
the
insulating
transformer
,
with
a
10
-
mfd
capac
-
itor
connected
between
H
2
and
H
3
.
Connect
a
ca
-
pacitor
,
Cpw
,
in
parallel
with
Rp
\
y
-
With
Rpw
and
Cpw
set
as
specified
in
Table
II
suddenly
apply
*
35
=
30
amperes
(
through
terminals
3
and
5
)
.
TABLE
II
Rpw
Test
-
Max
.
Restraint
Tap
Rl
=
0.10
,
R
0
=
1.6
,
T
=
4
600
INSTALLATION
The
relays
should
be mounted
on
switchboard
panels
or
their
equivalent
in
a
location
free from
dirt
,
moisture
,
excessive
vibration
,
and heat
.
Mount
the
relay
vertically by
means
of
the
four
mounting
holes
on
the
flange
for
semi
-
flush
mounting
,
or
by
means
of
the
rear
mounting
stud
or
studs
for
projection
mount
-
ing
.
Either
a
mounting
stud
or
the
mounting
screws
may
be utilized
for
grounding
the
relay
.
The
electri
-
cal
connections
may
be
made
directly
to
the termi
-
nals
by
means
of
screws
for
steel
panel
mounting
or
to
the
terminal
studs
furnished
with
the
relay
for
thick
panel
mounting
.
The
terminals studs
may
be
easily
removed
or
inserted
by
locking
two nuts
on
the
stud
and
then
turning
the
proper
nut
with
a
wrench
.
For
detailed Flexitest
case
information
,
refer
to
I
.
L
.
41
-
076
.
Rpw
t
Cpw
Insulating
Transformer
Ratio
in
in
microfarads
ohms
0.75
1200
1900
2700
4300
4
to
1
6
to
1
0.33
t
The
relay
should
not
operate
at
the
lower
value
of
Rpw
,
but
should
operate
at
the
higher
value
.
Additional
tests
for
the
sequence
filter
and the
operating
unit
are
described under
“
Calibration
Check
.
"
These
latter
tests
are
not
required
unless
the
relay
fails
to
meet
the
acceptance
tests
.
ADJUSTMENTS
AND
MAINTENANCE
CAUTION
:
Make
sure
that
the
neon
lamp
is
in
place
whenever
relay
operation
is
being
checked
.
ACCEPTANCE
TESTS
Indicating
Contactor
Switch
(
ICS
)
The
following
tests
are
recommended
when
the
relay
is
received
from
the
factory
.
Close
the
main
relay
contacts
and
pass
sufficient
direct
current
through
the
trip
circuit
to
close the
contacts
of
the
ICS
.
This
value
of
current
should
not
be
greater
than
the
particular
ICS
tap
setting
being
used
.
The
indicator
target
should
drop
freely
.
Main
Unit
Connect
the
relay
to
the
insulating
transformer
,
Q
as
shown
in
Figure
9
and
set
R
\
=
0.10
,
R
0
=
1.6
,
T
=
4
,
and maximum
restraint
tap
.
With
the
insulating
trans
-
former
terminals
HI
and
H
4
open
circuited
,
measure
the
minimum
pick
-
up
current
,
I
79
(
min
.
)
,
with
current
ap
-
plied
through
terminals
7
and
9
.
This value
should
not
be
greater
than
:
CALIBRATION
CHECK
The
following
tests
are
recommended
whenever
a
check
on
the
relay
calibration is
desired
.
Over
-
all
Relay
Check
7.28
amperes
.
Over
-
all
calibration
can
be
checked
by
the
pro
-
cedure
described
under
“
Acceptance
Tests
.
"
If
the
relay
has
been
re
-
calibrated
in
the
minimum restraint
tap
(
factory
calibration
is
made
in
the
maximum
re
-
straint
tap
)
,
the
Rp
\
y
test
should
be
made
in
accord
-
ance
with
Table
III
instead
of
Table
II
.
NOTE
:
The
relay
may
operate
at
values
of
current
lower
than
7.28
amperes
depending
upon
the
insulating
transformer
used and
the
prior
history
of
the
polar
unit
.
The
pickup
should
not
be lower
than
4.8
amperes
.
To
increase
pickup
,
short
H
1
-
H
4
of
insulating
transformer
,
apply
40
amperes
momentarily
to
terminals
3
and
5
of
14
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.2
H
vidual
relays
,
due
to
different
exciting
imped
-
ances
of
the
insulating
transformers
.
However
,
the
value
should
never
be
lower
than
:
TABLE
III
Rpw
Test
-
Min
.
Restraint
Tap
Rl
=
0.10
,
R
0
=
1.6
,
T
"
4
For
minimum
restraint
—
IQ
=
0.12
IR
+
4
Insulating
Transformer
Ratio
Rpwt
Cpw
m
in
For
maximum
restraint
—
IQ
-
0.1
6
IR
+
4
microfarads
ohms
CALIBRATION
PROCEDURE
4
to
1
6
to
1
800 1400
1800 3100
0.75
0.33
If
the
factory
calibration
has
been
disturbed
,
the
following
procedure
should
be
followed
to
recalibrate
the
relay
.
FILTER
CALIBRATION
A
.
Ri
Taps
1
.
Disconnect
T
current
tap
link
and
place
Ro
tap
in
1.6
2
.
Connect
voltmeter
(
low
-
reading
,
high
resis
-
tance
rectox
)
across
relay
terminal
2
and
the
common
of
T
tap
block
.
3
.
Pass
5
amperes
a
.
c
.
into
terminal
5
and
out
terminal
9
of
the
relay
.
4
.
Adjust
the
corresponding
R
\
slide
wire
posi
-
tion
(
see
Fig
.
2
for
location
)
to
be
within
limits
of
following
table
for
each
specified
setting
of
R
]
tap
screw
.
t
The
relay
should
not
operate
at
the
lower
value
of
Rpw
,
but
should
operate
at
the
higher
value
.
Sequence
Filter
:
Remove
tap
screw
T
and
con
-
nect
a
high
-
resistance
voltmeter
across
this
open
-
circuited
point
by connecting
to
the
tap
plate
and
to
one
of
the
saturating
transformer
taps
at
the
rear
of
the
tap
block
.
Energize
the
relay
with
I
79
=
6.94
am
-
peres
(
terminals
7
and
9
)
.
The
measured
open
-
circuit
voltage
,
Vp
,
should
be
:
VF
=
8
R
2
±
5
%
volts
.
(
e
.
g
.
,
if
Rx
=
0.1
,
VF
=
8
x
0.1
=
0.8
volt
.
)
Repeat
this
voltage
measurement
with
159
=
6.94
amperes
.
Operating
Unit
:
The
following
test
will
check
the
polar
unit
calibration
and
the
performance
of
the
rectifiers
.
Connect
a
variable
non
-
inductive
resistor
across
the
high
-
voltage
terminals
of
the
insulating
transformer
(
HI
to
H
4
)
,
and
connect
d
-
c
milliammeters
in
series
with the
operating
and
restraining
coils
of
the
polar
unit
by
opening
these
circuits
.
(
The
re
-
straint
can
be
opened
at
the
tap
circuit
for
max
.
and
min
.
restraint
.
The
operating
circuit
has
to
be
opened
at
the
polar
unit
.
)
These milliammeters
should have
low
resistance
and
should
be
capable
of
reading
in
the order
of
20
to
25
ma
in
the
operating
coil
and
100
to
150
ma
in
the
restraining
circuit
.
Using
T
=
4
,
Rl
=
0.1
,
R
0
=
1.6
,
energize
the
relay
with
I
35
=
10
amperes
(
terminals
3
and
5
)
and
increase
the
variable
resistance
across
the
insulating
transformer
high
-
voltage
terminals
until
the
relay
just
trips
.
The
values
obtained
should
conform
substantially
to
the
following
equations
:
Rl
Tap
Setting
Volts
A
.
C
.
0.865
±
.
008
0.577
±
.
007
0.433
±
.
005
.
15
.
10
.
07
B
.
R
1
A
TaPs
1
.
Disconnect
T
current
tap
link
and
set
Ro
in
O
tap
.
2
.
Connect
a
.
c
.
voltmeter
across
relay
terminal
3
and
the
common
connection
of
R
and
Ro
(
see
Fig
.
2
for
location
)
.
3
.
Pass
5
amperes
a
.
c
.
into
terminals
5
and
out
terminal
9
of
the
relay
.
4
.
Adjust
the
corresponding
Rslide
wire
position (
see
fig
.
2
for
location
)
to
within
limits
of
following
table
for
each
specified
setting
of
R
^
A
Tap
screw
R
1
A
TaP
Setting
For
minimum
restraint
—
I
0
=
0.12
IR
+
8
Volts
A
.
C
.
For
maximum
restraint
—
I
0
=
0.16
IR
+
8
0.250
±
.
005
0.167
±
.
003
0.125
=
.
003
.
15
where
I
0
and
IR
are
operating
and
restraining
coil
coil
currents
,
respectively
,
in
milliamperes
.
The
results
are
subject
to
variations between
indi
-
.
10
.
07
15
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.2
H
and
,
adjust
the
right
hand
shunt
such
that
the
con
-
tacts
close
with
a
positive
snappy
toggle
action
at
179
=
6.9
to
7.0
amperes
.
After
this
adjustment
is
complete
,
short
out
pilot
wire
and
apply
40
amperes
momentarily
from
terminals
5
to
3
.
Now
remove
the
short
from
HI
to
H
4
and
,
check
pickup
for
I
79
.
If
value
has
changed
from
before
,
it
will
be
necessary
to
re
-
adjust
the
right
hand
shunt
.
Several
trials
may
be
necessary
before
the
pickup
will
be
constant
.
In
each
case
,
the
40
amperes
should
be
applied
before
any
additional
adjustments
are
performed
on
the
shunt
.
C
.
Ro
Taps
No
adjustments
can
be
made
on
the
Ro
resistors
.
Value
of
resistance
can
be
checked
by
passing
5
amperes
a
.
c
.
through
terminal
#
and
out
terminal
9
.
T
tap
must
be
disconnected
.
Following
volt
-
ages
should
be
measured
across
terminal
2
and
the
specified
tap
of
Ro
.
Ro
Tap
Setting
Volts
A
.
C
.
1.85
to
2.05
2.45
to
2.68
3.28
to
3.60
4.33
to
4.70
5.78
to
6.27
7.72
to
8.38
.
39
.
51
After
the
shunts
have
been
adjusted
,
apply
40
amperes
momentarily
to
terminals
3
and
5
of
the
re
-
lay
with
the
pilot
wire
open
.
Pickup
will
be
approxi
-
mately
5
amperes
with
current
applied
to
terminals
7
and
9
.
This
change
in
pickup
is
due
to
a
change
in
the
residual
magnetism
in
the
polar
unit
of
the
relay
.
In
the
de
-
energized
state
,
the
permanent
magnet
of
this
unit
produces
a
flux
or
magnetic
bias
to
keep
the
contacts
open
.
When
the
unit
is
energized
,
a
second
flux
(
electrical
)
is
produced
which
either
adds
to
or
substracts
from
the
magnetic
flux
.
When
the
electrical
flux
is
removed
,
the
magnetic
structure
of
the
polar
unit
is
changed
.
Hence
,
the
flux
produc
-
ed
by
an
excess
of
restraint
current
,
adds
to
the
magnetic
bias
,
and
the
flux
produced
by
an
excess
of
operating
current
substracts
from
the
magnetic
bias
.
This
characteristic
is
inherent
in
the
polar
unit
and
has
no
affect
on
the
overall
performance
of
the
relay
.
.
68
.
90
1.20
1.60
Polar
Unit
Contact
Adjustment
:
Place
a
0.065
to
0.072
inch
feeler
gage
between
the
right
hand
pole
face
and
the
armature
.
This
gap
should
be
measured
near
the
front
of
the
right
hand
pole
face
.
Bring
up
the
back
-
stop
screw
until
it
just
makes
with
the
moving
contact
.
Place
a
0.030
to
0.045
feeler
gage
between
the
moving
contact
and
the
stationary
contact
on
the
left
-
hand
side
of
the
polar
unit
.
Bring
up
the
stationary
contact
until
it
just
makes
with
the
gage
and
lock
in
place
.
For
relays
with
double
contacts
make
sure
that
both
upper
and
lower
contacts
make
at
the
same
time
.
Polar
Unit
Calibration
:
Connect
the
restraint
tap
link
in
the
position
in
which
it
will
be
used
.
Con
-
nect
terminals
XI
and
X
2
of
the
insulating
trans
-
former
across
the
pilot
-
wire
terminals
of
the
relay
.
Connect
the
relay
taps
on
T
=
4
,
Rj
=
0.1
,
R
0
=
1.6
.
The
sensitivity
of
the
polar
unit
is
adjusted
by
means
of
two
magnetic
,
screw
type
shunts
at
the
rear
of
the
element
.
Looking
at
the
relay
front
view
,
turning
out
the
right
hand
shunt
decreases
the
amount
of
current
required
to
close
to
the
right
hand
stop
.
Conversely
,
drawing
out
theleft
hand
shunt
decreases
the
amount
required
to
trip
the
relay
.
In
general
,
the
farther
out
the
shunt
screws
are
turned
,
the
greater
the
toggle
action
will
be
and
as
a
result
,
the
dropout
current
will
be
lower
.
In
adjusting
the
polar
elements
,
be
sure
that
a
definite
toggle
action
is
obtained
,
rather
than
a
gradual
movement
of
the
armature
.
Start
with
both
shunt
out
4
to
5
turns
.
Short
out
the
pilot
wire
on
the
high
side
of
the
insulating
transformer
.
Momentarily
apply
40
amperes
from
ter
-
minals
5
to
3
.
Now
remove
the
short
from
HI
to
H
4
After
the
shunt
adjustment
has
been
made
,
change
the
input
current
connections
to
terminals
3
and
5
.
Apply
40
amperes
with
HI
and
H
4
terminals
shorted
.
Remove
short
and
measure
pickup
with
current
applied
to
terminals
3
and
5
.
The
relay
should
trip
with
I
35
=
0.45
to
0.55
amperes
.
ROUTINE
MAINTENANCE
Contacts
:
All
contacts
should
be
cleaned
period
-
ically
.
A
contact
burnisher
,
S
#
182
A
836
H
01
,
is
recom
-
mended
for
this
purpose
.
The
use
of
abrasive
material
for
cleaning
is
not
recommended
,
because
of
the
dan
-
ger
of
embedding
small
particles
in
the
face
of
the
soft
silver
and
thus
impairing
the
contact
.
ICS
Unit
:
Close
the
main
relay
contacts
and
pass
sufficient
direct
current
through
the
trip
circuit
to
close
the
contacts
of
the
ICS
.
This
value
of
cur
-
rent
should
not
be
greater
than
the
particular
ICS
tap
setting
being
used
.
The
indicator
target
should
drop
freely
.
16
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.2
H
C
.
T
.
*
s
C
.
T
.
'
s
Transmission
Line
AVr
AVl
"
P
"
Rely
"
It
"
Relay
Insulating
Transformers
ii
T
HCB
Pilot
Vires
I
M
Pilot Hire
CurVent
"
read
with
Milliaameters
Test
Switches
T
Note
:
The
line
should
be
carrying
through
load
current
amounting
to
at
least
1.5
measured
in
the
secondary
of
the
Current
Transformers
.
This
test
is
based
on
the
ratio
of
the
C
.
T
.
'
s
being
the
same
at
each
end
of
the
line
,
in
which
case
set
the
taps
of
both
re
-
lays
to
Rj
=
.
1
;
R
0
=
1.6
;
T
=
4
for
this
test
.
amperes
as
RELAY
”
N
”
RELAY
"
F
”
Test
Switch
NABC
Test
Switch
NABC
"
Pilot
Wire
Current
”
Pilot
Wire
Current
”
f
t
Relay
Current
Relay
Trip
Relay
Current
Relay
«
o
1
U
7
I
Circulating
|
Remote
Trip
Circulating
Remote
9
A
,
B
,
C
,
N
No
(
1
)
1
0
)
(
1
)
A
,
B
,
C
,
N
No
(
1
)
nx
2
ATC
,
B
,
N
No
(
2
)
(
2
)
A
,
C
,
B
,
N
(
2
)
(
2
)
No
6
6
6
6
(
0
)
Yes
(
3
)
3
A
,
N
‘
UUjU
1
o
Yes
(
3
) (
3
) (
4
)
6 6 6
6
Yes
4
fJfLJjU
?
o
(
3
)
(
3
) (
4
)
Yes
A
,
N
(
3
)
None
No
(
3
)
5
A
,
N
(
3
)
(
3
)
(
3
)
A
,
N
No
HI
!
6
Yes
(
6
)
(
6
)
A
,
N
B
,
C
,
N
Yes
REMARKS
Tests
1
and
2
are
to
check
normal
positive
sequence
rotation
of
phases
.
Tests
3
and
4
simulate internal
Phase
A
to
Ground
fault
with
single
end feed
.
Test
5
simulates
an
external
Phase
A
to
Ground
fault
.
(
5
)
Test
6
simulates
an
internal Phase
A
to
Ground
fault
,
with
equal
feed
from
the
two
ends
,
since
I
+
ic
=
-
IA
,
with
balanced
load
.
To
Relay
Phase
A
current
from
C
.
T
.
'
s
to
Relay
.
Phase
B
and
C
.
T
.
’
s
shorted
to
neutral
.
NABC
LEGEND
OP
TEST
SWITCH
SYMBOLS
:
1
6
A
Normal
Connection
.
All
Currents
to
EXAMPLE
NABC
Relay
.
To
C
.
T
.
’
s
The
“
pilot
wire
current
”
will
vary
depending
upon
the
magnitude
of
the
through
load
current
and
the
characteristics
of
the
pilot
wire
.
See
Figures
11
and
12
.
Since
the
relay
is
temporarily
connected
for
negative
sequence
,
it
should
have
practically
zero
output
in
this
test
.
These
readings
may
be
“
off
scale
”
depending
upon
the
magnitude
of
the
load
current
.
The
relay
at
this station
should
reset
when
the
“
far
”
current
is
being
read
because
the local
relay
will
be
receiving
no
current
from
either
the
pilot
wire
or
the
current
transformers
.
Test
4
and
5
can
be
repeated
using
phase
B
to
neutral
current
,
and
again
with
phase
C
to
neutral
current
,
but this
is
not
strictly
necessary
on
the
basis
that
,
having
proved
the
phase
sequence
with
tests
1
and
2
,
and
having
proved
the
correspondence
of
phase
A
at
the
two
ends
of
the
line
with
test
5
,
then
phases
B
and
C
must
be
correct
.
Some
pilot
wire
current
will be
read
,
depending
upon
the
magnitude
of
the
distributed
capa
-
city
of
the
pilot
wire
in
combination with
the
magnetizing
impedance
of
the
insulating
transformer
.
(
1
)
(
2
)
(
3
)
(
4
)
(
5
)
(
6
)
Fig
.
10
.
HCB
Relay
System
Testing
Procedure
.
17
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
.
L
.
41
-
971.2
H
INTERPRETATION
OF
TESTS
1
.
Tests
#
1
and
#
2
,
Figure
10
,
are
designed
to
indicate
that
the
relays
have been wired
with
the
correct
phase
rotation
.
When
the
phase
rotation is
deliberately
and
temporarily
changed
by
test
*
2
,
then
the
pilot
-
wire
currents
should
be
substantially
zero
.
Any
small
value
of
pilot
wire
current
which
appears
may
be due
to
either
a
small
unbalance
in
the
load
current
,
or
else
due
to
harmonic
currents
flowing
through
the
line
.
If
either
relay
has inad
-
vertently
been connected
for
the
wrong
phase
rotation
,
then the
fact
will be
apparent
when
reading
local
current
.
Local
current
should
be
interpreted
from
Figure
13
,
with
the
amount
of
load
current
which
is
present
.
If
no
current
is
read
on
test
#
1
for
the
local
relay
,
and
if
cur
-
rent
for
test
#
2
is
in
line with
Figure
13
,
then
it
is
an
indication
that that
particular
relay
has
been
connected
for
the
wrong
phase
rotation
.
a
.
In
the
event
the
pilot
wire
is
open
-
circuited
,
the
apparent
circulating
current
will
be
quite
low
,
being
limited
to
the
magnetizing
current
of
the
insulating
transformer
.
Also
,
it
will
not
be
possible
to
read
current
from
the
remote
end
.
b
.
If
the
pilot
wire is
short
-
circuited
,
then the
circulating
current
will
be
near
normal
,
but
it
will
not
be
possible
to
read
current
from
the
remote
end
.
2
.
If
the
pilot
wire
is
reversed
,
(
a
)
the
circulating
current
will
be
low
on
test
#
1
,
but
it
will be
possible
to
read
pilot
-
wire
current
from
the
remote
relay
,
(
b
)
Both
relays
will
trip
on
test
*
5
.
If
the
monitoring relays
also
suffer
from
this
error
in
connection
,
then the
error
should
be
corrected
at
one
relay
location
by
reversing
the connections
to
the
H
1
-
H
4
terminals
of
the
insulating
transformer
.
However
,
if
the
monitoring
relays
do
not
suffer from
this
error
,
then
the
polarity
of
the
pilot
wires
insofar
as
the
HCB
relay
installation
is
concerned
may
be
suitably
corrected
by making
a
reversal
of
connections either
at
the
X
1
-
X
2
terminals
of
one
insulating
transformer
,
or
at
the
output
terminals
of
the
relay
,
#
18
and
#
19
,
Figure
3
.
3
.
If
the
phases
are
rolled
at
one
end
of
the
line
,
then
this
will
be
picked
up
by
test
#
5
.
On
test
#
5
,
neither
relay
should
trip
when
phase
-
A
-
to
-
neutral
current
is
delivered
to
each
of
the
two
relays
with the
switching
arrangement
as
shown
and discussed
.
However
,
if
one
or
both
relays
trip
,
then
try
checking
the
near
relay
,
phase
-
A
-
to
-
neutral
current
,
against
phase
-
B
-
to
-
neutral
current
at
the
far
relay
.
Also
,
check
phase
-
A
-
to
-
neutral
current
at
the
near
relay
against
phase
-
C
-
to
-
neutral
current
at
the
far
relay
.
If
,
for
example
,
neither
relay
trips
when
phase
-
A
-
to
-
neutral
current
is
used
for
the
near
relay
and
phase
-
B
-
to
-
neutral
current
is
used
at
the
far
relay
,
then
it
is
an
indication
that
what
had been
thought
to
be
phase
B
current
at
the
far
location
really
identifies
with
phase
A
current
at
the
near
location
.
This identifies
a
rolled
-
phase
condition
,
and
also
indicates
the
correction
which
must
be
made
in
the
con
-
nections
of
the
current
transformer
input
to
the
relay
.
4
.
One
combination
of
errors
which
is
somewhat
tricky
to
pick
up
is the
combination
of
pilot
wires
reversed
plus
a
rolled
-
phase
condition
at
one
end
.
Let
it
be
assumed
that
the
pilot
wire is
reversed
at
the
far
end
,
making
an
error
of
180
degrees
.
Then
let
it
be
assumed
that
the
phases
are
also
rolled
by
120
degrees
,
thereby
adding
another
error
of
120
degrees
.
Adding
these
two
together
brings
the
total
up
to
300
degrees
,
which is within
60
degrees
of
what
would
be
normal
.
Because
of
this
,
the
only
symptom
which
will
appear
in
the
first
four
tests
is
that
the
circulating
current
is
likely
to
be lower
than
one
would
expect
when
read
at
one
end
or
the
other
on
test
#
1
.
However
,
test
#
5
may
be
used
to
identify
this combina
-
tion
of
errors
.
When
the
condition
exists
as
described
,
when
test
#
5
is
extended
to
check
phase
A
current
at
the
near
end
against
each
of
the three
currents
at
the
far
end
in
turn
,
it
will
be
found
that
at
least
one
of
the
two
relays
will
always
trip
.
If
this
condition
is
found
,
reverse
the
pilot
-
wire
connection
,
check
out
the
rolled
-
phase
condition
and
correct
it
.
and
then
proceed
with
all
six
tests
.
5
.
Test
#
6
is
a
final
verification
test
.
Fig
.
10
.
HCB
Relay
System
Testing
Procedure
(
ContdJ
.
18
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
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L
.
41
-
971.2
H
Operating
Unit
:
Check
the
relay
minimum
pickup
,
with
the
pilot
wires
disconnected
from
terminals
HI
and
H
4
of
the
insulating
transformer
,
by
energizing
with
I
79
current
(
terminals
7
and
9
)
.
Pick
-
up
current
should
be
:
3
.
A
test
crew
is
necessary
at
each
substation
with
a
means
of
communication
between
them
.
4
.
When
the
test
calls
for
delivering
only
specified
currents
to
the
relay
,
it
is
necessary
to
use
a
thin
piece
of
insulating
material
in
the
ammeter
test
jack
.
For
example
,
test
#
5
of
Fig
.
10
relay
N
”
.
To
apply
phase
A
to
N
current
to
the
near
relay
only
,
the
switches
associated
with
termi
-
nals
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
of
figure
3
must
be
open
.
Opening
switches
6
and
8
short
circuits
the
current
trans
-
formers
for
phases
B
and
C
.
However
,
it
is
also
necessary
to
insert
the
insulating
material
in
the
ammeter
test
jacks
associated
with
terminals
7
and
9
in
order
to
break
up
the
connection
between
the
filter
in
the
relay
chassis
and
the
grounded
input
circuits
from
current
transformers
in
phas
-
es
B
and
C
.
5
.
To
facilitate
making
test
#
2
of
Fig
.
10
,
two
am
-
meter
test
plugs
wired
together
with
a
foot
or
two
of
flexible
wire
should
be
used
.
With
these
two
test
plugs
suitably
wired
together
,
one
of
them
may
be
shoved
in
the
ammeter
test
jack
associ
-
ated
with
terminal
7
,
Figure
3
,
and
the
other
shoved
in
the
ammeter
test
jack
associated
with
terminal
9
,
Figure
3
.
(
This
should
not
be
done
until
the
switches
for
terminals
6
and
8
have
been
open
,
thus
short
circuiting
the
current
transfor
-
mers
involved
)
.
It
is
desirable
to
wire
the
test
plugs
together
such
that
when
one
is
shoved
in
the
one
ammeter
test
jack
with
the
red
side
up
,
and
the
other
is
shoved
in
the
other
ammeter
test
jack
with
the
black
side
up
,
it
is
then
known
that
the
Band
C
phase
currents
to
the
relay
have
been
reversed
at
the
input
to
the
chassis
in
line
with
test
#
2
,
Fig
.
10
.
After
these
test
plugs
are
pro
-
perly
inserted
,
it
is
then
appropriate
to
close
the
switches
associated
with
terminals
6
and
8
,
Fig
.
3
,
in
order
to
remove
the
short
circuit
from
the
current
transformer
secondaries
.
T
±
5
%
amperes
I
79
(
min
)
=
1 1
5.77
R
1
Additional
tests
are
recommended
with
the
pilot
wire
connected
as
described
under
‘
‘
Complete
System
Test
.
>
>
COMPLETE
SYSTEM
TEST
At
the
time
of
the
initial
installation
and
at
sub
-
sequent
maintenance
periods
,
it
is
recommended
that
the
following
relay
system
checks
be
made
,
with
the
pilot
wire
connected
.
MINIMUM
PICKUP
PRECAUTION
:
In
making
this
test
with
the
relay
in
place
on
the
switchboard
,
it
is
necessary
to
connect
the
load
box
in
the
circuit
between
the
relay
and
the
“
hot
”
side
of
the
supply
circuit
.
If
this
precaution
is
not
observed
,
it
is
possible
to
cause
a
short
circuit
be
-
tween
the
grounded
station
service
supply
circuit
and
the
ground
of
the
current
transformer
circuit
.
The
minimum
pickup
of
each
relay
should
be
checked
before
starting
the
system
tests
.
With
taps
as
specified
in
Fig
.
10
,
and
the
pilot
wire
circuit
open
on
the
high
side
of
the
insulating
transformer
,
each
relay
should
trip
with
”
0
-
45
to
0
*
55
amp
.
or
with
Igc
-
6.9
to
7.0
amperes
With
the
pilot
wire
connected
,
energize
one
relay
with
I
AN
anc
*
determine
the
minimum
pick
-
up
of
all
re
-
lays
.
Repeat
this
test
by
energizing
the
other
relay
or
relays
.
Record
these
values
for
future
reference
.
If
the
neon
lamp
is
litduring
these
tests
,
the
pilot
circuit
is
presenting
too
high
a
shunting
effect
on
the
relays
.
Perform
the
tests
as
indicated
in
Figure
10
rec
-
ording
the
milliammeter
readings
and
the
relay
input
current
at
the
same
instant
,
for
future
reference
.
The
headings
“
Circulating
”
and
“
Remote
”
in
the
table
of
Figure
10
refer
to
the
test
switch
positions
,
‘
‘
CIRC
and
“
REM
.
”
For
tests
3
to
6
of
Figure
10
,
the
input
current
should
be
increased
to
about
1.5
amperes
by
an
auxiliary
current
transformer
,
if
the
secondary
load
current
is
below
this
value
.
Also
record
the
input
and
output
readings
with
the
test
switch
in
the
“
Local
position
.
Typical
values
for
the
“
Local
”
position
readings
are
shown
in
Figure
13
.
LOADED
CIRCUIT
TEST
In
performing
these
tests
,
the
following
procedure
should
be
used
.
*
t
1
.
Standard
testing
equipment
is
recommended
for
permanent
installation
with
the
relays
as
shown
in
Fig
.
9
.
If
this
equipment
is
not
available
,
a
similar
portable
test
should
be
set
up
using
a
low
-
resistance
-
a
-
c
milliammeter
.
1
y
2
.
Red
-
handle
flexitest
case
switch
should
be
open
to
interrupt
the
breaker
trip
circuit
.
19
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

I
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L
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41
-
971.2
H
THREE
TERMINAL
LINES
The
angles
above
are
the
degrees
by
which
the
current
lags
its
respective
voltage
.
The
continuous
rating
of
the
relay
is
10
amperes
.
The
two
-
second
overload
ratings
of
the
relay
are
150
amperes
phase
and
125
amperes
ground
currents
.
A
similar
procedure
to
Figure
10
should
be
fol
-
lowed
for
three
-
terminal
line
applications
.
In
this
case
open
the
line
circuit
breaker
at
one
terminal
,
and
disconnect
the
loads
from
the
pilot
wire
terminals
of
the
HCB
relay
at
that
terminal
.
This
leaves
the
re
-
maining
portion
ofthe
line
operatingas
atwo
terminal
line
.
Now
perform
the
normal
tests
as
outlined
for
the
two
terminal
line
system
test
.
When
these
tests
have
been
satisfactorily
completed
,
return
the
third
terminal
relay
to
normal
and
close
the
breaker
at
that
station
.
Repeat
the
above
procedure
with
a
different
breaker
open
and
relay
disconnected
.
This
will
complete
the
check
of
the
three
terminal
line
.
PILOT
-
WIRE
ENERGY
The
current
and
voltage
impressed
on
the
pilot
wire
do
not
exceed
100
milliamperes
and
60
volts
.
The
wave
form
and
magnitude
of
the
pilot
-
wire
cur
-
rent
are
such
that
telephone
interference
is
within
the
limits
allowed
by
the
Bell
Telephone
Company
.
This
permits
the
use
of
leased
telephone
lines
as
a
pilot
-
wire
channel
.
ENERGY
REQUIREMENTS
The
volt
-
ampere
burden
of
the
type
HCB
relay
is
practically
independent
of
the
pilot
-
wire
resistance
and
of
the
current
tap
used
.
The
following
burdens
were
measured
at
a
balanced
three
-
phase
current
of
5
amperes
:
RENEWAL
PARTS
Repair
work
can
be
done
most
satisfactorily
at
the
factory
.
However
,
interchangeable
parts
can
be
furnished
to
users
who
are
equipped
for
doing
repair
work
.
When
ordering
parts
,
always
give
the
complete
nameplate
data
.
For
tap
4
,
=
0.075
and
R
0
=
0.39
Phase
A
Phase
B
Phase
C
1.25
volt
-
amperes
0.30
volt
-
amperes
0.90
volt
-
amperes
0
°
285
°
45
°
For
tap
4
,
Rj
=
0.15
and
R
0
=
1.6
Phase
A
Phase
B
Phase
C
120
°
2.3
volt
-
amperes
4.6
volt
-
amperes
5.3
volt
-
amperes
285
°
45
°
APPROXIMATE
RESISTANCE
VALUES
OF
COMPONENTS
IN
HCB
RELAY
Start
to
Tap
20
to
30
ohms
Start
to
Finish
110
to
140
ohms
Secondary
Winding
Transformer
290
-
320
ohms
12
-
16
ohms
9
-
12
ohms
Operating
Coil
Restraining
Coil
Polar
Unit
Polar
Unit
Maximum
Minimum
44
ohms
As
Marked
on
Ro
Tap
Plate
As
Marked
on
R
1
Tap
Plate
As
Marked
on
R
1
A
Tap
Plate
Rc
41
-
Resistor
Tube
Resistor
Looped
Resistor
Ro
R
1
R
1
A
IN
91
Germanium
Diodes
Rectifiers
0.2
amp
.
Tap
6.5
ohms
2.0
amp
.
Tap
0.15
ohms
Indicating
Contactor
Switch
R
^
used
in
conjunction
with
1
N
91
germanium
diodes
in
order
to
match
characteristics
of
relay
with
older
style
HCB
relay
using
copper
oxide
rector
type
rectifiers
.
20
Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com