Advantech FWA-2112 User manual

User Manual
FWA-2112
Network Security Platform

IFWA-2112 User Manual ii
Copyright
The documentation and the software included with this product are copyrighted 2021
by Advantech Co., Ltd. All rights are reserved. Advantech Co., Ltd. reserves the right
to make improvements in the products described in this manual at any time without
notice. No part of this manual may be reproduced, copied, translated, or transmitted
in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of Advantech Co.,
Ltd. The information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable.
However, Advantech Co., Ltd. assumes no responsibility for its use, nor for any
infringements of the rights of third parties that may result from its use.
For more information about this and other Advantech products, please visit our web-
site at:
http://www.advantech.com/
http://www.advantech.com/ePlatform/
For technical support and service, please visit our support website at: http://sup-
port.advantech.com.tw/support/
Acknowledgments
Award is a trademark of Award Software International, Inc.
IBM, PC/AT, PS/2 and VGA are trademarks of International Business Machines Cor-
poration. Intel® and Pentium® are trademarks of Intel Corporation.
Microsoft Windows® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.
All other product names or trademarks are properties of their respective owners.
Part No. 2001583131 Edition 1
Printed in Taiwan February 2021

iii FWA-2112 User Manual
Product Warranty (2 years)
Advantech warrants the original purchaser that each of its products will be free from
defects in materials and workmanship for two years from the date of purchase.
This warranty does not apply to any products that have been repaired or altered by
persons other than repair personnel authorized by Advantech, or products that have
been subject to misuse, abuse, accident, or improper installation. Advantech
assumes no liability under the terms of this warranty as a consequence of such
events.
Because of Advantech’s high quality control standards and rigorous testing, most
customers never need to use our repair service. If an Advantech product is defective,
it will be repaired or replaced free of charge during the warranty period. For out-of-
warranty repairs, customers are billed according to the cost of replacement materials,
service time and freight. Please consult your dealer for more details.
If you believe your product is defective, follow the steps outlined below:
1. Collect all the information about the problem encountered. (For example, CPU
speed, Advantech products used, other hardware and software used, etc.) Note
anything abnormal and list any messages displayed on screen when the prob-
lem occurs.
2. Call your dealer and describe the problem. Please have your manual, product,
and any helpful information readily available.
3. If your product is diagnosed as defective, obtain an return merchandize authori-
zation (RMA) number from your dealer. This allows us to process your return
more quickly.
4. Carefully pack the defective product, a completed Repair and Replacement
Order Card, and a proof of purchase date (such as a photocopy of your sales
receipt) into a shippable container. Products returned without a proof of pur-
chase date are not eligible for warranty service.
5. Write the RMA number visibly on the outside of the package and ship the pack-
age prepaid to your dealer.

IFWA-2112 User Manual iv
Declaration of Conformity
FCC Class A
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A dig-
ital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to pro-
vide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Opera-
tion of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference. In
this event, users are required to correct the interference at their own expense.
FCC Class B
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B dig-
ital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to pro-
vide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interfer-
ence to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will
not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interfer-
ence to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equip-
ment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance.
FCC Caution:
Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment.
CCC
声明：此为 A 级产品，在生活环境中，可能会造成无线干扰，在这种情况下，可能需
要用户对其干扰采取切实可行的措施。

v FWA-2112 User Manual
Technical Support and Assistance
1. Visit the Advantech web site at www.advantech.com/support where you can find
the latest information about the product.
2. Contact your distributor, sales representative, or Advantech's customer service
centre for technical support if you need additional assistance. Worldwide con-
tact information can be found on www.advantech.com.Please have the following
information ready before you call:
–Product name and serial number
–Description of your peripheral attachments
–Description of firmware and software versions installed on the product
–A complete description of the problem
–The exact wording of any error messages
3. For more information please contact [email protected] or visit www.advant-
ech.com/nc.
Warnings, Cautions and Notes
Warning! Warnings indicate conditions, which, if not observed, can cause per-
sonal injury.
Les avertissements indiquent des conditions qui, si elles ne sont pas
observées, peuvent provoquer des blessures.
Caution! Cautions are included to help you avoid damaging hardware or losing
data.
Des précautions sont incluses pour vous aider à éviter d'endommager le
matériel ou de perdre des données.
Note! Notes provide additional information.
Les notes fournissent des informations supplémentaires.

IFWA-2112 User Manual vi
Safety Instructions
1. Read these safety instructions carefully.
2. Keep this User Manual for later reference.
3. Disconnect this equipment from any AC outlet before cleaning. Use a damp
cloth. Do not use liquid or spray detergents for cleaning.
4. For plug-in equipment, the power outlet socket must be located near the equip-
ment and must be easily accessible.
5. Keep this equipment away from humidity.
6. Put this equipment on a reliable surface during installation. Dropping it or letting
it fall may cause damage.
7. The openings on the enclosure are for air convection. Protect the equipment
from overheating. DO NOT COVER THE OPENINGS.
8. Make sure the voltage of the power source is correct before connecting the
equipment to the power outlet.
9. Position the power cord so that people cannot step on it. Do not place anything
over the power cord.
10. All cautions and warnings on the equipment should be noted.
11. If the equipment is not used for a long time, disconnect it from the power source
to avoid damage by transient overvoltage.
12. Never pour any liquid into an opening. This may cause fire or electrical shock.
13. Never open the equipment. For safety reasons, the equipment should be
opened only by qualified service personnel.
14. If one of the following situations arises, get the equipment checked by service
personnel:
The power cord or plug is damaged.
Liquid has penetrated the equipment.
The equipment has been exposed to moisture.
The equipment is malfunctioning, or does not operate according to the user
manual.
The equipment has been dropped and damaged.
 The equipment shows obvious signs of breakage.
15. Do not leave this equipment in an environment where the storage temperature
may go below -40° C (-40° F) or above 85° C (185° F). This could damage the
equipment. The equipment should be in a controlled environment.
16. Caution: Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with
the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer, discard used
batteries according to the manufacturer's instructions.
17. The sound pressure level at the operator's position according to IEC 704-1:1982
is no more than 70 dB (A).
18. RESTRICTED ACCESS AREA: The equipment should only be installed in a
Restricted Access Area.
19. DISCLAIMER: This set of instructions is given according to IEC 704-1. Advant-
ech disclaims all responsibility for the accuracy of any statements contained
herein.

vii FWA-2112 User Manual
Consignes de Sécurité
1. Lisez ces instructions de sécurité attentivement.
2. Conservez ce manuel d'utilisation pour référence ultérieure.
3. Débranchez cet équipement de toute prise secteur avant de le nettoyer. Utilisez
un chiffon humide. N'utilisez pas de détergent liquide ou pulvérisé pour le net-
toyage.
4. Pour les équipements enfichables, la prise de courant doit être située près de
l'équipement et doit être facilement accessible.
5. Gardez cet équipement à l'abri de l'humidité.
6. Placez cet équipement sur une surface fiable pendant l'installation. Le laisser
tomber ou le laisser tomber peut causer des dommages.
7. Les ouvertures sur l'enceinte servent à la convection de l'air. Protégez l'équipe-
ment contre la surchauffe. NE COUVREZ PAS LES OUVERTURES.
8. Assurez-vous que la tension de la source d'alimentation est correcte avant de
connecter l'équipement à la prise de courant.
9. Placez le cordon d'alimentation de manière à ce que personne ne puisse
marcher dessus. Ne placez rien sur le cordon d'alimentation.
10. Toutes les mises en garde et les avertissements sur l'équipement doivent être
notés.
11. Si l'équipement n'est pas utilisé pendant une longue période, débranchez-le de
la source d'alimentation pour éviter tout dommage dû à une surtension transi-
toire.
12. Ne versez jamais de liquide dans une ouverture. Cela pourrait provoquer un
incendie ou un choc électrique.
13. N'ouvrez jamais l'équipement. Pour des raisons de sécurité, l'équipement doit
être ouvert uniquement par du personnel qualifié.
14. Si l'une des situations suivantes se présente, faites vérifier l'équipement par le
personnel de service:
Le cordon d'alimentation ou la prise est endommagé.
Le liquide a pénétré dans l'équipement.
L'équipement a été exposé à l'humidité.
L'équipement ne fonctionne pas bien, ou vous ne pouvez pas le faire
fonctionner selon le manuel de l'utilisateur.
L'équipement a été échappé et endommagé.
L'équipement présente des signes évidents de rupture.
15. Ne laissez pas cet appareil dans un environnement où la température de stock-
age peut être inférieure à -40 ° C ou supérieure à 85 ° C. Cela pourrait endom-
mager l'équipement. L'équipement devrait être dans un environnement contrôlé.
16. Attention: Danger d'explosion si la batterie est incorrectement remplacée. Rem-
placez uniquement par le même type ou un type équivalent recommandé par le
fabricant, jetez les piles usagées conformément aux instructions du fabricant.
17. Le niveau de pression acoustique à la position de l'opérateur, conformément à
la norme CEI 704-1: 1982, ne dépasse pas 70 dB (A).
18. ZONE D'ACCES RESTREINTE: L'équipement ne doit être installé que dans
une zone d'accès restreint.
19. AVERTISSEMENT: Cet ensemble d'instructions est donné conformément à la
CEI 704-1. Advantech décline toute responsabilité quant à l'exactitude des déc-
larations contenues dans ce document.

IFWA-2112 User Manual viii
安全指示
1. 请仔细阅读此安全操作说明。
2. 请妥善保存此用户手册供日后参考。
3. 用湿抹布清洗设备前，请从插座拔下电源线。请不要使用液体或去污喷雾剂清洗
设备。
4. 对于使用电源线的设备，设备周围必须有容易连接到的电源插座。
5. 请让设备远离潮湿环境。
6. 请在安装前确保设备放置在可靠的平面上，意外跌落可能会导致设备损坏。
7. 设备外壳的开口是用于空气对流，从而防止设备过热。请不要覆盖这些开口。
8. 当您连接设备到电源插座上前，请确认电源插座的电压是否符合要求。
9. 请将电源线安置在人们不易绊到的位置，并不要在电源在线覆盖任何杂物。
10. 请注意设备上的所有警告和注意标语。
11. 如果长时间不使用设备，请将设备与电源插座间的电线断开，避免设备被超目标
电压波动损坏。
12. 请不要让任何液体流入通风口，以免引起火灾或者电路短路。
13. 请不要自行打开设备。为了确保您的安全，请由经过认证的工程师来打开设备。
14. 如遇下列情况，请由专业人员来维修：
电源线或者插头损坏。
设备内部有液体流入。
设备曾暴露在过于潮湿的环境中使用。
设备无法正常工作，或您无法通过用户手册来使其正常工作。
设备跌落或者损坏。
设备有明显的外观破损。
15. 请不要把设备放置在超出我们建议的温度范围的环境，即不要低于 0°C(-20°C
~ -4°F) 或高于 40°C(60°C ~ 140°F)，否则可能会损坏设备。
16. 注意：如果电池放置不正确，将有爆炸的危险，因此，只可以使用制造商推荐的
同一种或者同等型号的电池进行替换。请按照制造商的指示处理已使用过的电
池。
17. 根据 IEC 704‐1:1982 规定，设备产生的音量不高于 70 分贝。
18. 免责声明：请安全训示符合 IEC 704‐1 要求。研华公司对其内容之准确性不承
担任何法律责任。
19. CE Mark
The CE marking on this product indicates that it is in compliance with the Euro-
pean Union EMC Directive 2014/30/EU, Safety Directive 2014/35/EU.
Le marquage CE sur ce produit indique qu'il est conforme à la Directive
européenne sur la compatibilité électromagnétique 2014/30/UE, Directive sur la
sécurité 2014/35/UE.
Note! The equipment is operated and maintained only by professionals.
L'équipement est exploité et entretenu uniquement par des profession-
nels.

ix FWA-2112 User Manual
Contents
Chapter 1 Linux Platform Software Guide
Introduction1
1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 2
1.1.1 Overview....................................................................................... 2
1.1.2 Target Audience............................................................................ 2
1.1.3 BIOS and BMC Versions .............................................................. 2
1.1.4 OS Distribution and Kernel Version .............................................. 2
1.1.5 Files and Software Tools .............................................................. 2
1.2 Watchdog Function ................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Watchdog on PCH ........................................................................ 3
1.2.2 Watchdog on HWM....................................................................... 4
1.3 GPIO Function .......................................................................................... 6
1.3.1 PCH GPIO .................................................................................... 6
1.3.2 HW GPIO...................................................................................... 7
1.4 LCM Reset .............................................................................................. 13
1.4.1 Introduction ................................................................................. 13
1.4.2 Command Example .................................................................... 14
1.5 FRU Utility............................................................................................... 15
1.5.1 Introduction ................................................................................. 15
1.5.2 Command Example .................................................................... 15
1.5.3 Other Command Options............................................................ 16
1.6 Sensors ................................................................................................... 17
1.6.1 Sensor-Reader............................................................................ 17
1.6.2 LM-Sensors................................................................................. 18
1.7 PSU-Status ............................................................................................. 20
1.7.1 Introduction ................................................................................. 20
1.7.2 Command and Usage................................................................. 21
1.8 Advanced LAN Bypass Control Utility ..................................................... 22
1.8.1 Introduction ................................................................................. 22
1.8.2 Command and Usage................................................................. 23
1.9 NDI (Network Device Identifier)............................................................... 25
1.9.1 Introduction ................................................................................. 25
1.9.2 Command and Usage................................................................. 25
Appendix A Glossary .............................................27

FWA-2112 User Manual x

Chapter 1
1Linux Platform
Software Guide
Introduction

FWA-2112 User Manual 2
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Overview
In Advantech’s platform, there are several software interfaces for various usages, like
hardware sensors and watchdog. Customer could leverage those interfaces in their
Linux or application, for example, reading hardware sensors to monitor health of plat-
form, setting a watchdog to reboot system when application getting stuck or light on
software defined LED for application notification. This document describes the plat-
form software components and provides customer with an easy approach for soft-
ware porting. Every component is described in different chapter and also multiple
approaches for different scenario.
1.1.2 Target Audience
The guide is for engineers at customer’s side, with software background and knowl-
edge of Linux, who knows how to use kernel module and device node in Linux, also
knows how to configure and compile Linux kernel.
1.1.3 BIOS and BMC Versions
The software components have been validated on the supported platforms using the
firmware versions below:
1.1.4 OS Distribution and Kernel Version
The software components will be demonstrated using the following OS distribution
and Linux kernel version:
1.1.5 Files and Software Tools
The followings are files and software tools which are needed for demonstration with
this guide, contact your local Advantech FAE for these files and software tools.
Platform BMC Version BIOS Version
FWA-2112 N/A 2112V005
Platform Os distribution Kernel Version
FWA-2112 Centos7.7 3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64
Software tools & driver Version Description
wdt_nct5523 0.04 Sample code to control watchdog on HWM
FRU Utility 02.40 FRU Utility
Sensor-Reader 0.36 Platform Sensor-Reader
nct6106 0.02 HWM lm-sensors driver
Advanced LAN Bypass Con-
trol Utility 1.32 Advance Lan Bypass Control Utility
NDI 1.18 Network Device Identifier
PSU-Status 0.40 Power Supply Status utility
File Description
sensors3.conf.adv.fwa2112 lm-sensors config file for FWA-2112

3 FWA-2112 User Manual
Chapter 1 Linux Platform Software Guide Introduction
1.2 Watchdog Function
There are two kinds of watchdogs on platform, and those could work separately. One
is PCH watchdog, the other is HWM, both could reset platform when watchdog is bit-
ing. In this section, we will demonstrate watchdog functions on our platform.
1.2.1 Watchdog on PCH
PCH watchdog is supported by kernel’s driver module, wdat_wdt since kernel 4.9
and iTCO_wdt before kernel 4.9. The driver populates a dev file /dev/watchdog when
loading into kernel, and timeout is set as a parameter of this module. The watchdog
is triggered while dev file is touched or opened. Use ‘modinfo wdat_wdt’ (‘modinfo
iTCO_wdt’ for kernel before 4.9) to get more details about this module.
There is an open source software watchdog daemon to use watchdog easier. Watch-
dog daemon manages kernel module and /dev/watchdog and keeps feeding it often
enough to keep the kernel from resetting. The configuration file is /etc/watchdog.conf
which contains feed interval and reset timeout options. The default reset timeout is
60 seconds, so platform will be reset if not feeding watchdog in 60 seconds.
Please refer to the following website for more information:
https://linux.die.net/man/8/watchdog
https://linux.die.net/man/5/watchdog.conf
Here is how to verify watchdog functionality. In this demonstration, the watchdog con-
figuration file is configured in an abnormal way just for quick verification.
We will deliberately set our ‘interval’ longer than the ‘watchdog-timeout’ to force a
watchdog hardware reset. Please note that this hardware reset without graceful shut-
down might damage file system, so please don’t do it in a service online system.
Please follow the steps below to perform the test.
1. Install watchdog software.
2. Make sure the driver is probed.
3. Add a line to the file /etc/watchdog.conf.
4. Make sure the watchdog device is not busy. The watchdog device will be occu-
pied in some cases, user need to free the device first to perform the test. The
wd_identify is a simplified software watchdog daemon, it can get the identifica-
tion string from the watchdog if it opens /dev/watchdog successfully.
If the command output is ‘device or resource busy’, use the following command to
free the watchdog device.
# yum install watchdog
# sudo modprobe wdat_wdt
# lsmod |grep wdat_wdt
wdat_wdt 13590 0
watchdog-device = /dev/watchdog
# sudo wd_identify
wdat_wdt
# pkill -9 watchdog

FWA-2112 User Manual 4
5. For normal usage, ‘interval’ should be shorter than the ‘watchdog-timeout’ so
that the watchdog daemon will feed /dev/watchdog before the hardware reset.
In such case, user can configure file /etc/watchdog.conf as below.
6. To test the functionality of watchdog hardware, we need to force a hardware
reset by setting ‘interval’ longer than the ‘watchdog-timeout.’ Firstly, copy the file
/etc/watchdog.conf to ~/watchdog_test.conf, then add two lines to the file ~/
watchdog_test.conf.
7. Enter following command and the system will reboot after 5 seconds. (Please
note that this is not a graceful shutdown and might be detrimental to your file
system.)
1.2.2 Watchdog on HWM
SuperIO watchdog could be accessed by Linux I/O port 0x2E/0x2F. Advantech pro-
vides sample code to demonstrate watchdog function on SuperIO. This sample code
is written in C language, nct5523.c, nct5523.h. Most important watchdog instructions
are in function nct5523.c.
Linux I/O port for SuperIO is singleton, thus sample code uses semaphore to prevent
access confliction.
User can modify sample code to accomplish specific needs. A normal using example
is shown below and a test to force the hardware reset. Please note that ungraceful
shutdown might damage your file system, do not do it in a service online system.
1. Install group development tools package for compiling.
2. Enter the folder wdt_nct5523 and compile by following commands.
3. Enter following command to acquire utility usage.
watchdog-timeout = 60
interval = 30
cp /etc/watchdog.conf ~/watchdog_test.conf
watchdog-timeout = 10
interval = 30
# sudo watchdog -f -c ~/watchdog_test.conf
# sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
# sudo make
# sudo ./wdt_nct5523 -h
Test Watch dog function for nct5523
Version: v0.04
Usage:
wdt_nct5523 [time_count] [time_type]
[time_count]:
Timeout value, 0 =< time_count <= 255.
If the tiemout value is 0 then stop watchdog timer
[time_type]:
's' : second;

5 FWA-2112 User Manual
Chapter 1 Linux Platform Software Guide Introduction
4. Watchdog has to be re-count once started during timeout, or system will be
force reset while watchdog biting. The script on below is an example for show-
ing how to feed watchdog every 3 seconds.
The script will infinitely set the watchdog timeout to 5 seconds every 3 seconds, so
that the hardware reset will never occur unless the script is terminated.
5. Enter following command and the system will reboot after 5 seconds. (Please do
not do it in a service online system.)
'm' : minute;
Example:
Help:
wdt_nct5523 -h
DEFAULT Setting(8 seconds timeout):
wdt_nct5523
Setting 10 seconds timeout:
wdt_nct5523 10 s
Setting 5 minutes timeout:
wdt_nct5523 5 m
#!/bin/bash
echo "start to run watchdog script!"
while [ 1 ]
do
./wdt_nct5523 5 s
sleep 3
done
# sudo ./ wdt_nct5523 5 s

FWA-2112 User Manual 6
1.3 GPIO Function
There are two gpio on platform, and those could work separately. One is PCH gpio,
the other is HW gpio, both could use as general output/input. In this section, we will
demonstrate gpio functions on our platform.
1.3.1 PCH GPIO
The gpio are controlled by the denverton pinctrl GPIO, thus GPIO device id need to
be find first before control it.
For FWA-2112, GPIO are defined as below:
For more details about LED Defined, please refer to the FWA-2112 User’s Manual.
For control GPIOs, kernel’s GPIO sysfs which provide file interface in user space,
however, it have to re-compile kernel if configuring kernel to enable it. Some modern
Linux distribution enabled GPIO sysfs by default, and some are not. Please check
CONFIG_GPIO_SYSFS, CONFIG_GPIO_ICH and CONFIG_PINCTRL_DENVER-
TON in kernel config to confirm if GPIO sysfs is enabled. For more details about ker-
nel config and compile, please refer to https://kernelnewbies.org/KernelBuild.
Kernel GPIO sysfs to control gpios
Here shows how to using interface to control LED from user space by kernel GPIO
sysfs.
For more detail, please refer to kernel document:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/gpio/sysfs.txt.
1. Check pinctrl_denverton drivers is loaded.
2. GPIO base-port file is under /sys/class/gpio (gpiochip358). However there might
be several other gpio base port file, so it’s necessary to locate which gpio base-
port file.
“INTC3000:00” is denverton pinctrl GPIO device id.
No. (HW Pin) GPIO Name Software Controllable Pin Pin Name
1 PCH_GPIO0 Yes 14 NCSI_RXD_0
3 PCH_GPIO1 Yes 15 NCSI_CLK_IN
2 PCH_GPIO2 Yes 18 NCSI_ARB_IN
4 PCH_GPIO3 Yes 22 NCSI_ARB_OUT
Note! On current BIOS V005, please set Chipset->Relax Security [Disabled]
firstly.
# lsmod | grep pinctrl
pinctrl_denverton 17433 0
pinctrl_intel 23466 1 pinctrl_denverton
# for L in `ls /sys/class/gpio/gpio*/label`; do echo $L; cat $L; done
/sys/class/gpio/gpiochip358/label
INTC3000:00

7 FWA-2112 User Manual
Chapter 1 Linux Platform Software Guide Introduction
Please note gpio numbers like 358 depends on kernel and hardware platform,
thus it could be different.
3. Get the GPIO pins node id.
In the case, GPIO pins are 14/15/18/22, from the following info, it is 372/373/376/380.
4. Expose the GPIO pins and set it to output mode.
5. Control GPIO (high/low).
1.3.2 HW GPIO
There is a gpio(internal pin) on platform, it could use as general output/input. In this
section, we will demonstrate gpio functions on our platform.
The GPIO controller provide 16 channel gpio for use.
They are controlled by the IO expander located at smbus, thus the i2c bus/device for
IO expander need to be located first then control LEDs.
There are there interfaces to control LEDs through same hardware path. One is i2c
raw commands which only depends on kernel’s i2c driver, however it requests a user
space i2c tool.
The other interface is kernel’s GPIO sysfs which provide file interface in user space,
however, it have to re-compile kernel if configuring kernel to enable it. Some modern
Linux distribution enabled GPIO sysfs by default like Ubuntu, and some are not like
Fedora/CentOS. Please check CONFIG_GPIO_SYSFS and CONFIG_GPIO_ICH in
kernel config to confirm if GPIO sysfs is enabled. For more details about kernel config
and compile, please refer to https://kernelnewbies.org/KernelBuild.
# cat /sys/kernel/debug/pinctrl/INTC3000\:00/gpio-ranges
GPIO ranges handled:
0: INTC3000:00 GPIOS [358 - 389] PINS [0 - 31]
32: INTC3000:00 GPIOS [390 - 398] PINS [32 - 40]
41: INTC3000:00 GPIOS [399 - 416] PINS [41 - 58]
59: INTC3000:00 GPIOS [417 - 448] PINS [59 - 90]
91: INTC3000:00 GPIOS [449 - 469] PINS [91 - 111]
112: INTC3000:00 GPIOS [470 - 501] PINS [112 - 143]
144: INTC3000:00 GPIOS [502 - 511] PINS [144 - 153]
# echo 372 > /sys/class/gpio/export
# echo 373 > /sys/class/gpio/export
# echo 376 > /sys/class/gpio/export
# echo 380 > /sys/class/gpio/export
# echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio372/direction
# echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio373/direction
# echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio376/direction
# echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio380/direction
# echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio372/value (GPIO0 low)
# echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio373/value (GPIO1 low)
# echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio376/value (GPIO2 low)
# echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio380/value (GPIO3 low)
# echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio372/value (GPIO0 high)
# echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio373/value (GPIO1 high)
# echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio376/value (GPIO2 high)
# echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio380/value (GPIO3 high)

FWA-2112 User Manual 8
1.3.2.1 Locate i2c Bus of IO Expander
How to locate i2c bus of IO expander is shown as below:
1. Make sure i2c driver is loaded.
Use lsmod to check if driver is already loaded:
2. Install i2c-tools package.
I2c tools could be installed from Ubuntu’s repository simply:
Or built from source package in website. please check README in package.
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/utils/i2c-tools/
3. Scan smbus in system by i2cdetect.
Here shows system smbus adapter is located at bus 8. Please note the bus number
could be different due to different hardware configuration, kernel version and driver of
other devices.
4. Confirm smbus switch.
Scan the devices on smbus which is got in step 3, and see smbus switch appears at
0x71.
5. Open smbus switch, 0x71, channel 8 for I/O expender.
# modprobe i2c_i801
# sudo lsmod | grep i2c
# sudo apt-get install i2c-tools
# sudo i2cdetect -l
# i2cdetect -l
i2c-0 i2c igb BB I2C adapter
i2c-1 i2c igb BB I2C adapter
i2c-2 i2c igb BB I2C adapter
i2c-3 i2c igb BB I2C adapter
i2c-4 i2c igb BB I2C adapter
i2c-5 i2c igb BB I2C adapter
i2c-6 i2c igb BB I2C adapter
i2c-7 i2c igb BB I2C adapter
i2c-8 smbus SMBus I801 adapter at e000 SMBus adapter
# i2cdetect -y 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f
00: -- -- -- -- -- 08 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 18 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
30: 30 31 -- -- 34 35 36 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
40: -- -- -- -- 44 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
50: 50 -- -- -- -- -- 56 -- 58 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
70: -- 71 -- -- -- -- -- --
# i2cset -y 8 0x71 0x80

9 FWA-2112 User Manual
Chapter 1 Linux Platform Software Guide Introduction
6. Confirm IO expander device appears on the smbus.
Scan the devices on smbus which is got in step 3, and set smbus I/O expander
appears at 0x23.
IO expander device address is 0x23 (16-bit address) in this system. Please note
device address might be different due to hardware configuration and product SKU,
please contact Advantech FAE if you have problem with this device address.
For FWA-2112, device address is defined as below:
Now smbus number and device address of IO expander is ready, which will be used
in following controls.
1.3.2.2 I2c Raw Command to Control
Here shows how to control LEDs using i2c raw command, it will use smbus number
and device address of IO expander located in previous chapter.
1. Set pins to output mode, this need be done once every time Linux booted.
Here “8” is smbus number and “0x23” is device address. “0x06” and “0x07” are offset
and “0x00” is value, combined to set GPIO pin 0 to pin 15 to output mode. “0x00” is
hex of binary “0000 0000”, which means pin 0 to 7 and pin 8 to 15 is set to bit “0” (out-
put mode). Please note pin number could be different due to hardware configuration,
product SKU, please contact Advantech FAE if you have problem with this pin map-
ping.
# i2cdetect -y 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f
00: -- -- -- -- -- 08 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 18 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
20: -- -- -- 23 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
30: 30 31 -- -- 34 35 36 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
40: -- -- -- -- 44 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
50: 50 -- -- -- -- -- 56 -- 58 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
70: -- 71 -- -- -- -- -- --
Address (16-bit) Usage
0x23 IO Expander
# sudo i2cset -y 8 0x23 0x06 0x00
# sudo i2cset -y 8 0x23 0x07 0x00

FWA-2112 User Manual 10
For FWA-2112, pin mapping are defined as below:
2. Control GPIOs.
“8” is smbus number and “0x23” is device address. “0x02” and “0x03” is offset, “0xff”
and other values are combined to control GPIO pin level.
1.3.2.3 Kernel GPIO sysfs to Control
The other interface to control LED from user space is by kernel GPIO sysfs. GPIO
sysfs also depends on i2c driver thus i2c_i801 must be loaded. It will use smbus
number and device address of IO expander located in previous chapter.
For more detail, please refer to kernel document:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/gpio/sysfs.txt.
1. Probe i2c and gpio_ich drivers.
Pin LED Name
1 GPIO_0
2 GPIO_8
3 GPIO_1
4 GPIO_9
5 GPIO_2
6 GPIO_10
7 GPIO_3
8 GPIO_11
9 GPIO_4
10 GPIO_12
11 GPIO_5
12 GPIO_13
13 GPIO_6
14 GPIO_14
15 GPIO_7
16 GPIO_15
# sudo i2cset -y 8 0x23 0x02 0xff (GPIO0~7 high)
# sudo i2cset -y 8 0x23 0x03 0xff (GPIO8~15 high)
# sudo i2cset -y 8 0x23 0x02 0x00 (GPIO0~7 low)
# sudo i2cset -y 8 0x23 0x03 0x00 (GPIO8~15 low)
# sudo i2cset -y 8 0x23 0x02 0x01 (GPIO0 high, GPIO1~7 low)
# sudo i2cset -y 8 0x23 0x03 0x01 (GPIO8 high, GPIO9~15 low)
# sudo i2cset -y 8 0x23 0x02 0x02 (GPIO1 high, GPIO0 and GPIO2~7 low)
# sudo i2cset -y 8 0x23 0x03 0x02 (GPIO9 high, GPIO8 and GPIO10~15 low)
…
# sudo modprobe i2c_i801
# sudo modprobe gpio_ich