AEMC instruments CA7027 User manual

CA7027

FAULT MAPPER PRO®
GRAPHICAL TDR
E N G L I S H User Manual
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Statement of Compliance
Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. d.b.a. AEMC®Instruments
certies that this instrument has been calibrated
using standards and instruments traceable to
international standards.
We guarantee that at the time of shipping your
instrument has met its published specications.
The recommended calibration interval for this
instrument is 12 months and begins on the date
of receipt by the customer. For recalibration,
please use our calibration services. Refer to our
Serial #: ____________________________
Catalog #: 2127.84
Model #: CA7027
Please ll in the appropriate date as indicated:
Date Received: _____________________________
Date Calibration Due: ____________________
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Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 2
1.1 International Electrical Symbols................................................2
1.2 Receiving Your Shipment..........................................................3
1.3 Ordering Information.................................................................3
1.3.1 Accessories and Replacement Parts............................3
2. PRODUCT FEATURES ...................................................................... 4
2.1 Description................................................................................4
2.2 Key Features: ...........................................................................4
2.3 Fault Mapper Pro®Features .....................................................5
3. SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................. 6
3.1 Accuracy ...................................................................................7
4. OPERATION .................................................................................... 8
4.1 Principles of Operation .............................................................8
4.2 Accuracy and Velocity of Propagation (Vp) ..............................8
4.3 Getting Started..........................................................................9
4.4 Set-up Mode .............................................................................9
4.5 Backlight .................................................................................10
4.6 Tone Generator.......................................................................10
4.7 Selecting Full Scale Sensitivity...............................................11
4.8 Adjusting the Vp Value............................................................ 11
4.9 Determining and Measuring Vp Values .................................. 11
4.10 Attaching a Cable to the Fault Mapper Pro®...........................12
4.11 Testing a Cable.......................................................................13
4.12 Single Shot and Continuous Scanning Modes .......................14
4.13 Typical Fault Displays .............................................................14
5. MAINTENANCE ............................................................................. 15
5.1 Changing the Battery ..............................................................15
5.2 Cleaning..................................................................................15
5.3 Storage ...................................................................................15
Repair and Calibration...........................................................................16
Technical and Sales Assistance ............................................................16
Limited Warranty ...................................................................................17
Warranty Repairs...................................................................................17
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2 Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Warning
●This instrument meets the safety requirements of IEC61010-1
●The Model CA7027 is designed for use on de-energized
circuits only.
●Connection to line voltages will damage the instrument and
could be hazardous to the operator.
●This instrument is protected against connection to telecom
network voltages according to EN61326-1.
●Safety is the responsibility of the operator.
1.1 International Electrical Symbols
Signifies that the instrument is protected by double or reinforced insulation.
CAUTION - Risk of Danger! Indicates a WARNING and that the operator must
refer to the user manual for instructions before operating the instrument in all
cases where this symbol is marked.
Risk of electric shock. The voltage at the parts marked with this symbol may
be dangerous.
Compliance with the Low Voltage & Electromagnetic Compatibility European
directives (73/23/CEE & 89/336/CEE).
In the European Union, this product is subject to a separate collection system
for recycling electrical and electronic components In accordance with directive
WEEE 2002/96/EC.
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Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027 3
1.2 Receiving Your Shipment
Upon receiving your shipment, make sure that the contents are
consistent with the packing list. Notify your distributor of any missing
items. If the equipment appears to be damaged, le a claim immediately
with the carrier and notify your distributor at once, giving a detailed
description of any damage. Save the damaged packing container to
substantiate your claim.
1.3 Ordering Information
Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027 ....................................Cat. #2127.84
Includes carrying case, 4mm color-coded banana plugs with alligator
clips, 4x1.5V AA batteries, set of 2 color-coded 4 ft red/black leads, user
manual and product warranty card.
1.3.1 Accessories and Replacement Parts
Lead - Replacement set of 2, Color-coded 4 ft (Red/Black),
Test Probes & Alligator Clips ............................................... Cat. #2152.01
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4 Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027
CHAPTER 2
PRODUCT FEATURES
2.1 Description
The Fault Mapper Pro®is a hand-held graphical TDR (Time Domain
Reectometer) designed for identifying and locating faults on power and
communication cables, given access to one end only.
The Fault Mapper Pro®measures cable length and indicates the length
and distance to cable faults to a range of 9 ft (3m) to 19,000 ft (6000m)
on virtually any type of cable. It injects a series of pulses into the cable
under test. The velocity at which the pulses travel is determined by the
type of cable, which is known as the velocity of propagation (Vp) of the
cable. The Velocity of Propagation (Vp) is adjustable between 1% and
99% enabling accurate calibration to the cable under test.
The Vp value is expressed as a percentage of the speed of light (e.g.
67% or ft/mtrs/micro-second), this value will vary according to the type
of cable under test. The Fault Mapper Pro®can accept user selectable
values between 1 and 99% (or the equivalent value in feet or meters per
micro-second).
Based on the selected Vp and the time taken for the pulses to travel
through the cable, a reection prole of the cable under test is displayed.
An adjustable cursor assists in locating faults and termination.
The Fault Mapper Pro®incorporates an oscillating tone tracer, which
is detectable with a standard tone tracer, for use in the tracing and
identication of cable pairs.
2.2 Key Features:
• Vp Setting
• Hand-held graphical TDR (Time Domain Reectometer)
• Measures cable length and indicates distance to faults to a range of
19,000 ft (6000m)
• Graphical LCD
• Easy identication of short range faults
• Emits an audible tone, used to trace and identify the type of fault
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Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027 5
2.3 Fault Mapper Pro®Features
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
FAULT MAPPER PRO
MODEL CA7027
TEST / TDR /
Graphical TDR
AEMC Instruments
Fault Mapper Pro
VX.X
1
1. Banana plug input (Red/Black)
2. Graphical LCD
3. Cable select and Vp (Velocity of Propagation) decrement button
4. Test/function select button
5. Backlight button
6. Cable select and Vp (Velocity of Propagation) increment button
7. Mode select button (TDR/Tone tracer)
8. Power ON/OFF button
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6 Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027
CHAPTER 3
SPECIFICATIONS
MODEL CA7027
ELECTRICAL
Ranges @ Vp=70% 23, 49, 98, 197, 394, 820, 1640, 3280, 6560, 9850, 19000 ft
Range Selection Manual range control
Accuracy* ±1% of range
Resolution Approximately 1% of selected range
Minimum Cable Length 1.5 ft (0.5m)
Sensitivity Minimum 3 pixel return on a fault at 4km on 0.6mm 0, PE, TP
Vp (Velocity of Propagation) Adjustable from 1% to 99%
Output Pulse +5V peak to peak into an open circuit
Output Impedance Selectable between 25, 50, 75 & 100Ω
Output Pulse Width 3 ns to 3 ms, Automatic with range
Scan Rate: 2 scans / second or scan held
Tone Generator Oscillating tone 810Hz to 1110Hz
Voltage Protection 250VAC
Power Supply 4 x 1.5V AA alkaline batteries
Battery Life 60 hours continuous scanning
Auto-off Selectable 1, 2, 3, 5 minutes or disabled
MECHANICAL
Dimensions 6.5 x 3.5 x 1.5" (165 x 90 x 37mm)
Weight (with battery) 12oz (350g)
Display Resolution 128 x 64 pixel Graphical LCD
Display Backlight Electroluminescent
ENVIRONMENTAL
Operating Temperature 14 to 122°F (-10° to 50°C)
Storage Temperature -4 to 158°F (-20 to 70°C)
Relative Humidity 5 to 95% RH non-condensing
Altitude 6000 ft (2000m)
SAFETY
Safety Rating IEC61010-1; EN60950
Protection Degree IP54
Electro-Magnetic Compatibility EN61326-1
CE Approved Compliant with current EU directives
*Measurement accuracy of ±1% assumes the instrument setting for velocity of propagation (Vp) of the cable
under test to be accurately set, and homogeneity of the velocity of propagation (Vp) along the cable length.
Accurate positioning of the cursor is also required.
**Specifications are subject to change without notice.
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Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027 7
3.1 Accuracy
The CA7027 is able to measure distances to faults and cable lengths to
an accuracy of ±1%.
This measurement accuracy is based on the correct value of Vp being
used for the cable under test, and homogeneity of the Vp along the cable
length.
If the Vp is set incorrectly by the operator, or the Vp varies along the
length of the cable, then additional errors will be incurred and the
measurement accuracy will be aected.
NOTE: The Vp is less well dened with unshielded multicore cable,
including power cable, and is lower when a cable is tightly wound on a
drum than when installed.
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8 Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027
CHAPTER 4
OPERATION
4.1 Principles of Operation
The Fault Mapper Pro®works by measuring the time taken for a signal
to travel to the far end of the cable under test, or to an intermediate
fault and return. The velocity at which the signal travels Vp (Velocity of
Propagation) will depend on the characteristics of the cable.
Based on the selected Vp and the measured travel time of the test pulse,
the Fault Mapper Pro®calculates and displays impedance anomalies and
their distances along the cable.
4.2 Accuracy and Velocity of Propagation (Vp)
The Fault Mapper Pro®measures distances to faults and cable lengths
to an accuracy of ±1%. This measurement accuracy is based upon the
correct value of Vp being used for the cable under test, and homogeneity
of the Vp along the cable length.
If the Vp is set incorrectly by the operator, or the Vp varies along the
length of the cable, then additional errors will be incurred and the
measurement accuracy will be aected.
See § 4.8 for setting the Vp.
NOTE: The Vp is less well defined with unshielded multi-conductor cable,
including power cable, and is lower when a cable is tightly wound on a
drum than when it is installed in a linear fashion.
Correct measurement of fault distances is also dependent on the cursor
being positioned accurately by the operator.
When locating faults with the
Fault Mapper Pro
®
the cursor should be positioned at the beginning of the
feature on the cable waveform as shown below.
Vp=72% Z=100Ω
621ft
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Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027 9
4.3 Getting Started
The instrument is switched on and ousing the green power button on
the lower right side of the front panel. When the unit is rst switched on it
will display the opening screen giving the software version, the currently
selected Vp (Velocity of Propagation), cable impedance and battery status
indicator.
AEMC Instruments
Fault Mapper Pro
VX.X
4.4 Set-up Mode
1. Hold down the
TDR
/button, then press the TEST / button to
enter set-up mode.
TDR
Vp % VC
Vp=67%
T/P 100Ω
Meters
Contrast
Shutdown : 1 Minute
>
2. The following options can be congured:
• TDR or Tone Generation
• Set Vp to % (1 to 99%) or speed in micro-seconds (see § 4.8)
• Set cable impedance (Z) to 25, 50, 75 or 100ΩTwisted pair (T/P)
• Set measurement units to Feet or Meters
• Adjust the display contrast
• Disable/Enable Auto-ofunction
3. Press the
TEST
/button to move the line selector (>) down the
screen.
4. Press the and buttons to change the setting of the line selected.
5. Press
TDR
/again to save changes and exit set-up mode.
NOTE: When the Fault Mapper Pro®is turned o, it will retain
the current set-up parameters.
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10 Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027
Upon completion of conguring the instrument, a test screen will appear
displaying the following information:
• Vp Setting
• Impedance setting (Z)
• Range scale 7 meters
• Battery condition indicator
• Distance of cursor
• Cursor
• Output pulse
• Scan mode icon (indicating scan mode selected)
4.5 Backlight
The LCD display is tted with an electroluminescent backlight to enable
easy viewing under a variety of dierent lighting conditions. The backlight
is switched on and owith the button.
4.6 Tone Generator
The Fault Mapper Pro®can also be used as a tone generator, to
trace and identify cables and wires. This requires a cable tone tracer,
purchased separately from an outside vendor.
Pressing the
TDR
/button will inject a warbling (oscillating) tone into
the cable or link under test. When set, the following will be displayed:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Warble Tone
AEMC Instruments
Fault Mapper Pro
VX.X
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Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027 11
The injected signal oscillates between 810 and 1110Hz, six times per
second.
NOTE: The auto-ofunction is disabled in Tone Generator mode, so that
the tone can be injected into a cable for an extended period of time while
tracing takes place.
See §4.10 for attaching a cable to the Fault Mapper Pro®.
4.7 Selecting Full Scale Sensitivity
The Fault Mapper Pro®has 11 range scales covering the range of 1.5 to
19,000 ft (0.5 to 6000m).
To select a range scale, or scan the cable run, press and hold down the
TDR / button, then press the button to decrease the range or the
button to increase the range.
4.8 Adjusting the Vp Value
To adjust the Vp, press and hold the
TDR
/button and press the
TEST / button to enter the setup mode. Release both buttons. Press the
TEST / button until the pointer (>) is next to Vp.
Next use the and buttons to adjust the Vp to scroll between v/2, M/
Ms or Vp % UC.
Press the
TDR
/button to exit the set up mode.
4.9 Determining and Measuring Vp Values
Vp, or Velocity of Propagation, values are characteristic of each cable
type and brand. The Vp is used to measure the length of a cable and to
measure a fault location. The more accurate the Vp, the more accurate
the measurement result will be.
The cable manufacturer may list the Vp on their specication sheet
or may be able to provide it when asked. Sometimes this value is not
readily available, or the user may wish to determine it specically to
compensate for cable batch variations or for special cable applications.
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12 Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027
1. Take a cable sample of exact length increments (ft or m) longer than
300 ft (100m).
2. Measure the exact length of the cable using a tape measure.
3. Connect one end of the cable to the Fault Mapper Pro®. Leave the
end unterminated and make sure the wires do not short to each
other.
4.
Measure the length and adjust the Vp until the exact length is displayed.
5. When the exact length is displayed, Vp is established.
4.10 Attaching a Cable to the Fault Mapper Pro®
WARNING: Make sure that there is no power supply or equipment attached
to the cable to be tested.
1. Check that the far end of the cable is either open or shorted (not
tted with a resistive termination).
2. Attach the Fault Mapper Pro®to one end of the cable to be tested.
The cable attachment is via a banana plug input located at the top of the
unit. For unterminated cables use the alligator clip attachment provided.
Coaxial Cable: Connect the Red clip to the center wire and the
Black clip to the shield/screen.
Shielded Cable: Connect the Red clip to a wire adjacent to the
shield and the Black clip to the shield.
Twisted Pair: Separate out one pair and connect the red and black
clips to the two wires of the pair.
Multi-conductor Cable: Connect the clips to any two wires.
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Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027 13
Coaxial Cable
Shielded Cable
Twisted Pair
Multi-conductor Cable
4.11 Testing a Cable
After setting the Vp value and cable impedance (Z) to match the tested
cable, attach the Fault Mapper Pro®to the cable, as described in § 4.10.
Press the
TEST
/button, to get to the test screen.
Vp=72% Z=100Ω
413ft
The following display shows a cable with impedance anomalies on it.
Vp=72% Z=100Ω
210ft
The vertical cursor line is moved left and right along the line of the trace by
pressing the and buttons.
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14 Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027
To determine the distance to an event, position the cursor at the beginning
of the event and read othe distance as shown below.
Vp=72% Z=100Ω
413ft
On the fault curve shown in the previous two screens, a low impedance
event occurs at 210 ft, shown by a downward spike on the curve, and a
high impedance event occurs at 413 ft.
The open end of the cable is shown as a large positive spike This is used
to determine the end (length) of the cable.
4.12 Single Shot and Continuous Scanning Modes
When the Fault Mapper Pro®is rst switched on, it is set to “Single
Shot” mode.
In this mode, the Fault Mapper Pro®only res a pulse into the cable
under test when either the and buttons or the
TEST
/button is
pressed.
Single Shot Mode: Saves on battery life and also enables
the Fault Mapper Pro®to be disconnected from the cable
while still leaving the fault display on the screen.
To enter “Continuous Scanning” mode press and hold down the
TEST / button.
The icon will appear at the bottom right of the display, when
Continuous Scanning mode is active.
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Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027 15
Continuous Scanning Mode: Fires pulses into the cable
under test at the rate of 6.7 pulses per second. In this
mode the Fault Mapper Pro®is able to more easily identify
intermittent cable faults.
4.13 Typical Fault Displays
The following table shows typical fault traces to assist you in the
identication of faults using the CA7027:
Type Vp Z Type Vp Z
Cat5 STP 72 100 T/Pair Jelly PE 64 100
Cat5 UTP 70 100 T/Pair PE 67 100
Coax Air 98 50/75 T/Pair PTFE 71 100
Coax Air Space 94 50/75 T/Pair PVC 58 100
Coax Foam PE 82 50/75 T/Pair Paper 72nF 88 100
Coax Solid PE 67 50/75 T/Pair Paper 83nF 72 100
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Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027 16
CHAPTER 5
MAINTENANCE
Use only factory specied replacement parts. AEMC®will not be held
responsible for any accident, incident, or malfunction following a repair
done other than by its service center or by an approved repair center.
5.1 Changing the Battery
Disconnect the instrument from any cable or network link.
1. Turn the instrument OFF.
2. Loosen the 2 screws and remove the battery compartment cover.
3. Replace the batteries with 4 x 1.5V AA alkaline batteries, observing
the polarities.
4. Reattach the battery compartment cover.
5.2 Cleaning
Disconnect the instrument from any source of electricity.
• Use a soft cloth lightly dampened with soapy water.
• Rinse with a damp cloth and then dry with a dry cloth.
• Do not splash water directly on the instrument.
• Do not use alcohol, solvents or hydrocarbons.
5.3 Storage
If the instrument is not used for a period of more than 60 days, it is
recommended to remove the batteries and store them separately.
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17 Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027
Repair and Calibration
To ensure that your instrument meets factory specications, we recommend
that it be scheduled back to our factory Service Center at one-year intervals
for recalibration, or as required by other standards or internal procedures.
For instrument repair and calibration:
You must contact our Service Center for a Customer Service Authorization
Number (CSA#). This will ensure that when your instrument arrives, it will be
tracked and processed promptly. Please write the CSA# on the outside of the
shipping container.
Ship To:
(Or contact your authorized distributor)
Costs for repair and standard calibration are available.
NOTE: You must obtain a CSA# before returning any instrument.
Technical Assistance
If you are experiencing any technical problems, or require any assistance
with the proper operation or application of your instrument, please call, fax or
e-mail our technical support team:
Contact:
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Fault Mapper Pro®Model CA7027 18
Limited Warranty
The Model CA7027 is warranted to the owner for a period of two years
from the date of original purchase against defects in manufacture. This
limited warranty is given by AEMC®Instruments, not by the distributor from
whom it was purchased. This warranty is void if the unit has been tampered
with, abused or if the defect is related to service not performed by AEMC®
Instruments.
For full and detailed warranty coverage, please read the Warranty
Coverage Information, which is attached to the Warranty Registration
Card (if enclosed) or is available at www.aemc.com. Please keep the
Warranty Coverage Information with your records.
What AEMC®Instruments will do:
If a malfunction occurs within the warranty period, you may return the
instrument to us for repair, provided we have your warranty registration
information on le or a proof of purchase. AEMC®Instruments will, at its
option, repair or replace the faulty material.
Warranty Repairs
What you must do to return an Instrument for Warranty Repair:
First, request a Customer Service Authorization Number (CSA#) by phone
or by fax from our Service Department (see address below), then return the
instrument along with the signed CSA Form. Please write the CSA# on the
outside of the shipping container. Return the instrument, postage or shipment
pre-paid to:
Ship To:
Caution: To protect yourself against in-transit loss, we recommend you
insure your returned material.
NOTE: You must obtain a CSA# before returning any instrument.
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