Agilent Technologies 16712A Reference guide

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Agilent Technologies 16712A
128K Sample Logic Analyzer
Help Volume
© 1992-2002 Agilent Technologies. All rights reserved.
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Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic
Analyzer
The Agilent Technologies 16712A logic analyzer offers a full set of data
capture features and 128 K samples of memory. Special features of this
model of logic analyzer include context store and transitional timing
acquisition mode.
Getting Started
• “Analyzer Probing Overview” on page 107
• “Setting Up a Measurement” on page 10
• “When Something Goes Wrong” on page 33
• “Error Messages” on page 33
Measurement Examples
• “Making a Basic Timing Measurement” on page 22
• “Making a Basic State Measurement” on page 18
• Advanced Measurement Examples (see the Measurement Examples help
volume)
• “Interpreting the Data” on page 26
More Features
“Coordinating Measurements” on page 31
Using Inverse Assembly (see the Listing Display Tool help volume)
“Using Symbols” on page 110
Working with Markers (see the Markers help volume)
“Loading and Saving Logic Analyzer Configurations” on page 32
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Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
“Testing the Logic Analyzer Hardware” on page 40
Interface Reference
“The Sampling Tab” on page 41
“The Format Tab” on page 53
“The Trigger Tab” on page 73
“The Symbols Tab” on page 119
“Specifications and Characteristics” on page 103
Main System Help (see the Agilent Technologies 16700A/B-Series Logic
Analysis System help volume)
Glossary of Terms (see page 131)
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Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
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Contents
Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
1 Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
Setting Up a Measurement 10
Connect the Analyzer to the Target System 10
Define the Type of Measurement 11
Set Up the Bus Labels 13
Define Trigger Conditions 14
Run the Measurement 15
Examine the Data 16
Making a Basic State Measurement 18
Making a Basic Timing Measurement 22
Interpreting the Data 26
Analysis Using Waveform 26
Analysis Using Listing 28
Coordinating Measurements 31
Loading and Saving Logic Analyzer Configurations 32
When Something Goes Wrong 33
Interference with Target System 33
Error Messages 33
Nothing Happens 39
Suspicious Data 39
Testing the Logic Analyzer Hardware 40
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Contents
The Sampling Tab 41
Acquisition Depth 41
Setting the Acquisition Mode 42
Performing Clock Setup (State only) 42
Naming the Analyzer 45
Turning the Analyzer Off 46
Sample Period (Timing Only) 46
Trigger Position Control 51
The Format Tab 53
Importing Netlist and ASCII Files 54
Exporting ASCII Files 56
Importing ASCII Files 56
Termination Adapter 58
E5346A High Density Adapter 59
Mapping Connector Names 60
Import the Net List File 60
Verify Net to Label Mapping 61
Select/Create Interface Labels 62
Activity Indicators 62
Assigning Pods to the Analyzers 63
Data On Clocks Display 64
To reorder bits in a label 67
Labels: Mapping Analyzer Channels to Your Target 68
Setting Up the Pod Clock 68
Pod Selection 69
Setting the Pod Threshold 70
State Clock Setup/Hold (State only) 71
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Contents
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The Trigger Tab 73
Understanding Logic Analyzer Triggering 74
Setting Up a Trigger 76
Inserting and Deleting Sequence Steps 77
Editing Sequence Steps 78
Setting Up Loops and Jumps in the Trigger Sequence 79
Saving and Recalling Trigger Sequences 80
Clearing Part or All of the Trigger 81
Overview of the Trigger Sequence 81
Trigger Functions 82
Working with the User-level Function 89
Defining Resource Terms 92
Tagging Data with Time or State Tags (State Only) 99
Arming Control 99
Context Store Measurements (State Only) 101
Specifications and Characteristics 103
What is a Specification 103
What is a Characteristic 103
What is a Calibration Procedure 104
What is a Function Test 104
Agilent Technologies 16712A Logic Analyzer Specifications 104
Agilent Technologies 16712A Logic Analyzer Characteristics 105
Analyzer Probing Overview 107
Using Symbols 110
To load object file symbols 111
To adjust symbol values for relocated code 112
To create user-defined symbols 113
To enter symbolic label values 114
To create an ASCII symbol file 115
To create a readers.ini file 116
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Contents
The Symbols Tab 119
Symbols Selector Dialog 121
Symbol File Formats 123
General-Purpose ASCII (GPA) Symbol File Format 124
Glossary
Index
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1
Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K
Sample Logic Analyzer
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Chapter 1: Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
Setting Up a Measurement
Setting Up a Measurement
After you have connected the logic analyzer probes to your target
system, (see page 10) there are five basic steps for any measurement.
1. “Define the Type of Measurement” on page 11
2. “Set Up the Bus Labels” on page 13
3. “Define Trigger Conditions” on page 14
4. “Run the Measurement” on page 15
5. “Examine the Data” on page 16
Refine measurement by repeating steps 3 - 5.
If you load a configuration file, it will set up the logic analyzer and
trigger. For your particular measurement, you may need to change
some settings.
See Also “Making a Basic Timing Measurement” on page 22
“Making a Basic State Measurement” on page 18
Measurement Examples (see the Measurement Examples help volume)
Making Basic Measurements for a self-paced tutorial
Connect the Analyzer to the Target System
Before you begin setting up a measurement, you need to physically
connect the logic analyzer to your target system. Attach the pods in a
way that keeps logically related channels together and be sure to
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Chapter 1: Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
Setting Up a Measurement
ground each pod. Analysis probes, available for most common
microprocessors, can simplify the connection process.
The logic analyzer pods carry the signals to the logic analyzer from
your target system. Connect the pods either directly to the target
system or to an analysis probe. You can attach the pods either directly
to a 40-pin header, to a 20-pin header with an adapter, or use the
General Purpose Probes to attach to individual channels.
If you are using an analysis probe, Setup Assistant will guide you
through the process based on your logic analyzer and the analysis
probe.
Step 1: Describe the Measurement (see page 11)
See Also “Analyzer Probing Overview” on page 107 for more detail on types of
probes
Setup Assistant (see the Setup Assistant help volume)
Logic Analysis System and Measurement Modules Installation Guide
for probe pinout and circuit diagrams.
Define the Type of Measurement
There are two types of measurements: state measurements and
timing measurements. Use the Sampling tab to select either type
and to specify the details particular to that type.
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Chapter 1: Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
Setting Up a Measurement
Choose State or Timing
In a state measurement, the analyzer uses an external clock to
determine when to sample. Each time the analyzer receives a state
clock pulse, it samples and stores the logic state of the target system.
In a timing measurement, the analyzer is analogous to an oscilloscope.
It samples at regular time intervals and displays the information in a
waveform similar to the oscilloscope.
Set Measurement Mode
Each measurement type has different measurement modes. In general,
there is a trade-off between number of signals and speed.
Because the measurement type and mode affect clocking and trigger
options, you must set the measurement type first.
Set up State Clock
For state measurements, you must specify a clock to match the
clocking arrangement used by your target system. It can be as simple
as a single rising edge, or a complex arrangement of up to four signals.
If the clock is incorrect, the trace data may indicate a problem where
there isn't one. Specify the state clock in Clock Setup.
The equivalent in timing mode of the state clock is the Sample Period.
The Sample Period sets the time between logic analyzer samples. For
reliable data, the sample period should be no more than half of your
clock period. Many engineers prefer setting itto one-fourth of the clock
period.
Set up the Trace
The remaining controls finish your description of how you want to
capture data. The trigger position determines where the events you
specify in the trigger sequence will be relative to the majority of the
data the logic analyzer captures.
Memory depth is affected by the measurement mode. Some logic
analyzers also let you limit how big the acquisition will be with an
Acquisiton Depth control.
Step 2: Set Up the Bus Labels (see page 13)
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Chapter 1: Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
Setting Up a Measurement
See Also “The Sampling Tab” on page 41 for information on setting type and
assigning pods
“Setting the Acquisition Mode” on page 42 for links to this analyzer's
modes
“Performing Clock Setup (State only)” on page 42
Set Up the Bus Labels
The next step is to finish defining the physical connection between the
target system and the analzyer. Use the Format tab to tell the analyzer
what you want to measure on the target system. If you load a
configuration file, this step is taken care of for you.
Group and Label Signals
Because the logic analyzer can capture dozens or even hundreds of
signals, you need to organize the signals by grouping and labeling
channels. Labels are used to group these channels into logical signals;
for example, "addr bus". These groupings are then used in the trigger
tab and the data displays. A label can have up to 32 channels. Each
measurement can define 126 labels. Active channels are indicated like
so .
Set Threshold Level
The logic analyzer needs to know what threshold level the target
system is using. You can set the analyzer to use a Standard or a User
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Chapter 1: Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
Setting Up a Measurement
Defined threshold voltage. The logic analyzer requires a minimum
voltage swing of 500 mV at the probe tip to recognize changes in logic
levels.
Step 3: Define Trigger Conditions (see page 14)
See Also “Assigning Bits to a Label” on page 64
“The Format Tab” on page 53
Define Trigger Conditions
The third step is to define the trigger. The trigger settings tell the
analyzer when you want to capture data. Controls for this are located
under the Trigger tab. Configuration files saved from previous
measurements automatically define trigger settings.
Set Up a Trigger Sequence
The trigger sequence is like a small program that controls when the
logic analyzer stores data. There are trigger functions for the common
tasks, or you can set up your own. The logic analyzer starts at the first
trigger level, and stays thereuntil theconditions described in that level
become true. When that happens, the logic analyzer goes to the next
level and follows the instructions there.
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Chapter 1: Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
Setting Up a Measurement
Define Terms
Trigger terms are like variables that you use in the trigger sequence.
Depending on what analyzer you are using, you can either assign the
values directly from within the trigger sequence or from the tabs
(pattern, range, edge).
Step 4: Run the Measurement (see page 15)
See Also “Defining Resource Terms” on page 92
“Understanding Logic Analyzer Triggering” on page 74
“Setting Up a Trigger” on page 76
“The Trigger Tab” on page 73
Measurement Examples (see the Measurement Examples help volume)
Run the Measurement
You run themeasurement by selecting the Run button. The Run button
is labeled either Run, Group Run, or Run All. The difference between
the three types is that Run starts only the instrument you are using,
Group Run starts all instruments attached to group run in the
Intermodule window, and Run All starts all instruments currently
placed in the workspace.
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Chapter 1: Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
Setting Up a Measurement
Select Single or Repetitive
Runs can be single or repetitive. Single runs gather data until the logic
analyzer memory is full, and then stop. Repetitive runs keep repeating
the same measurement and are useful for gathering statistics. To stop a
run, select the Stop button.
NOTE: Repetitive runs on a logic analyzer don't do equivalent time sampling like
oscilloscopes do.
If Nothing Happens...
Analyzers with deep memory take a noticeable amount of time to
complete a run. Because data is not displayed until acquisition
completes, it may look like nothing is happening. Check the Run Status
window to see if the logic analyzer is still running. Messages such as
"Waiting in level 1" may indicate you need to refine your trigger. If the
status shows as "Stopped", the analyzer either finished the acquisition,
or was unable to run. The cause of the problem is listed in the bottom
half of the Run Status window, and the messages are explained in more
detail in “Error Messages” on page 33.
Step 5: Examine the Data (see page 16)
See Also “When Something Goes Wrong” on page 33
Examine the Data
Data from your measurement can be viewed in various display windows
or offline. Some of the things you can do in the display windows are
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Chapter 1: Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
Setting Up a Measurement
• Search for patterns
• Display time-correlated data
• Use markers to make measurements and gather statistics
Search for Patterns
You can search displays for certain values, and place markers on them.
There are two global markers which keep their place across all
measurement views, even across instruments.
Display Correlated Data
There are several tools for correlation. The Intermodule window allows
you to specify complex triggering configurations using several
instruments. It is also useful for starting acquisitions at the same time.
Global markers mark the same events in different displays, so you can
switch views without having to reorient yourself. The Compare tool lets
you compare two different acquisitions to look for changes.
Use Markers to Make Measurements
The markers can be positioned relative to the beginning, end, trigger,
or another marker, as well as set to a specific pattern, state, or time.
The Markers tab in the Display windows shows the time or state value
as you move the markers or take new acquisitions.
See Also Working with Markers (see the Markers help volume)
Using the Chart Display Tool (see the Chart Display Tool help volume)
Using the Distribution Display Tool (see the Distribution Display Tool
help volume)
Using the Listing Display Tool (see the Listing Display Tool help volume)
Using the Digital Waveform Display Tool (see the Waveform Display Tool
help volume)
Using the Compare Analysis Tool (see the Compare Tool help volume)
“Interpreting the Data” on page 26
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Chapter 1: Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
Making a Basic State Measurement
Making a Basic State Measurement
This example uses the circuit board that is supplied with the Making
Basic Measurements kit as the target system. The kit is supplied with
every logic analysis system, or can be ordered from your Agilent
Technologies Sales Office.
There are six major steps to making a basic measurement.
Connect the Logic
Analyzer to your
Target System
1. Connect probes.
• Connect Pod 1 of the logic analyzer to J1 on the target system.
The training board has terminations and headers already built in to the
system, so you can connect the logic analyzer pod directly to the board.
2. Define the type of measurement On the Agilent Technologies 16700A/B
logic analysis system, open a logic analyzer setup window.
a. In the main window, select the logic analyzer icon.
b. Choose Setup... from the menu.
c. Select the Sampling tab.
d. If the logic analyzer is not already set for State, change the type to
State.
3. Set up the clock to match the target system's clocking scheme.
a. In the bottom half of the Sampling tab window, choose the correct
edges to match your clock. For Pod 1 attached to the training board,
the correct clock is the falling edge on J.
1. Select the Off button under J and choose "Falling Edge" from the
menu.
4. Group and label bits.
a. Select the Format tab.
b. Optional - Insert a second label.
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Chapter 1: Agilent Technologies 16712A 128K Sample Logic Analyzer
Making a Basic State Measurement
1. Select the Label1 button.
2. Choose Insert after....
3. In the Enter Label Name box, select the OK button.
c. Optional - Rename Label1.
1. Select the Label1 button.
2. Choose Rename....
3. Enter a new name in the name field.
4. Select the OK button to close the Rename Label box.
d. Select the bit assignment button.
The bit assignment button is to the right of a label name, and under a
pod column.
e. Choose ........******** from the menu.
If none of the choices match your own system, choose Individual...
and select the individual bits to assign them (*) or ignore them (.).
5. Define trigger events for patterns on buses.
a. Select the Pattern subtab in the Trigger tab.
b. Optional - Rename Pattern1.
1. Select the Pattern1 field.
2. Enter a new name.
c. Select the appropriate label.
1. Select the label name button.
2. To define the event as a combination of labels, choose Insert... To
use a different label to define the event, choose Replace...
3. In the dialog box, select the label name you want to use and then
select the OK button.
d. Select the field with XX and enter the value you want to trigger on.
e. Optional - Repeat steps a - d for Pattern2.
6. Optional - Add additional trigger events to the trigger specification.
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