Agilent Technologies 8504B User manual

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FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
User's Guide
Agilent 8504B
Precision
Reectometer

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
Agilent part number: 08504-90055
Printed in US
AJuly 2001
Lightwave Division
3910 Brickway Boulevard,
Santa Rosa, CA
95403, US
A
Instrument Support Center: [phone]
Notice
.
The information contained in this document is subject to change
without notice
.Agilent T
echnologies makes no warranty of any kind
with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied
warranties of merchantability and tness for aparticular purpose
. Agilent
T
echnologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance
,or use
of this material.
Restricted Rights Legend.
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U
.S
.
Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii)
of the Rights in T
echnical Data and Computer Software clause at DF
ARS
252.227-7013 for DOD agencies
,and subparagraphs (c) (1) and (c) (2) of the
Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at F
AR 52.227-19 for
other agencies
.
c
 Copyright Agilent T
echnologies 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 2001
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior
written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws
.

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
W
ARNING
This is aIEC Class 1LED product. Do not stare into beam or view
directly with optical instruments
.LED radiation is emitted from the
front-panel
TEST PORT
and
REFERENCE EXTENSION A
connectors
.
W
ARNING
If this instrument is not used as specied, the protection provided by the
equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in anormal
condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only
.
W
ARNING
No operator serviceable parts inside
.Refer servicing to qualied
personnel. T
oprevent electrical shock and LED radiation, do not remove
covers
.
CAUTION
Before switching on this product, make sure that the line-voltage selector
switch is set to the voltage of the power supply and the correct fuse is
installed. Assure the supply voltage is in the specied range
.
CAUTION
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage circuits associated with rear-panel
connectors
.Therefore
,before connecting any cable to arear-panel connector
,
momentarily short the center and outer conductors of the cable together
.
A
void touching the rear-panel connectors without rst touching the frame of
the instrument. Be sure that the instrument is properly earth-grounded to
prevent buildup of static charge
.
This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC
Publication 348,
Safety R
equirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus
,
and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation
contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to
ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in asafe condition.
iii

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
The 8504B at a glance
The 8504B precision reectometer is ahigh-resolution interferometer
that measures return loss
.It is optimized for single-mode ber
,but useful
measurements can also be made in multi-mode ber
.The precision
reectometer performs measurements at 1300 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths
.
Typical applications include:

Measurements of launch optics for lasers and opto-electronic integrated
circuits
.
 Measurements of passive ber-optic devices such as couplers
,attenuators
,
connectors
,and isolators
.
 High-resolution measurements of lightwave path discontinuities based on a
known refractive index.
 Measurement of refractive index of material based on aknown distance
between two discontinuities
.

High-resolution measurement of path length, expressed as transit time
.

Measurements of bulk optic devices such as lenses
,AR coatings
,and
crystals
.
iv

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
Using the precision reectometer
,you can display multiple reections from
the device that you are testing. F
or example
,the following gure shows an
LED device with ve reective surfaces
.F
or each surface
,the gure shows
the corresponding response on the precision reectometer's display
.
v

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
Guided procedures
reduce measurement
time
The precision reectometer provides
guided setup
and
guided calibration
procedures that help you prepare the instrument for measurements
.
These procedures consist of a series of screens that present step-by-step
instructions
.
Procedure Task
guided setup
Selects light source and calibrates the instrument for
pigtailed or non-pigtailed devices
.
guided calibration
Calibrates the instrument.
Y
ou can also manually calibrate the instrument for maximum exibility
.
Refer to Chapter 2for acomplete explaination of
guided setups
and
guided
calibrations .
Y
ou should calibrate the instrument:

After the instrument has warmed up for 1 hour
.
 Before making any measurements
.
Front-panel adapters
can be changed
The precision reectometer's three front-panel connectors are compatible
with 9/125

mber-optic cables
.All three connectors are adapters that can
be easily changed or removed for cleaning. Simply unscrew each adapter
in acounterclockwise direction. Useful measurements are achievable with
other adapters
,butmeasurement performance may not be optimum. Refer
to \Front-P
anel Fiber-Optic Adapters" in Chapter 5for acomplete listing of
available adapter types.
Softkeys select
instrument features
Many instrument features are available through the use of softkeys
.Softkeys
are the eight keys that are located along the right-hand side of the display
.
The denitions for these keys are shown on the display next to the key and
change for dierent menus
.
vi

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
Annotation Shown in the Display's \Status Notation" Area
Status
Notations
Description
* Measurement parameters changed: measured data is in doubt until a complete clean sweep has been taken.
A
vg Sweep-to-sweep averaging is on. The averaging count is shown immediately below this notation.
CError correction (measurement calibration) is on.
D Dispersion correction is on. This notation is available for the 1550 nm source only
.
ext Waiting for an external trigger at the rear panel.
Hld Hold sweep
.
OVL Amplitude of reected signal at test port is too large
.
vii

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
front-panel knob Allows continuous adjustments to current values for
various functions such as start value
,scale
,and others
.
V
alues changed by the knob are eective immediately
,and
require no units terminator
.
4
G/n
5
T
erminates numeric keypad entries with 10
6
9
multiplier
.
4
M/

5
T
erminates numeric keypad entries with 10
6
6
multiplier
.
4
K/m
5
T
erminates numeric keypad entries with 10
6
3
multiplier
.
4
x1
5
T
erminates unitless entries such as averaging factors
.
4
ENTRY OFF
5
Disables the keypad, knob
, and step keys until another
function is selected.
viii

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
Safety Symbols
The following safety symbols are used throughout this manual. F
amiliarize
yourself with each of the symbols and its meaning before operating this
instrument.
CAUTION
The
caution sign denotes ahazard to the instrument. It calls attention to a
procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to
,could result in
damage to or destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a
caution
sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
WARNING
The
warning
sign denotes alife-threatening hazard. It calls attention to a
procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to
,could result
in injury or loss of life
.Do not proceed beyond a
warning sign until the
indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
Instruction
Manual
L
The
instruction manual
symbol. The product is marked with this symbol when it is
necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the manual.
j
The line-power on symbol.

The line-power o symbol.
CE The CE mark is aregistered trademark of the European Community
.(If accompanied b
ya
year
,it is when the design was proven.)
ISM1-A This is asymbol of an Industrial Scientic and Medical Group 1 Class A product.
CSA The CSA mark is aregistered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.
ix

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
Certication and Assistance
Agilent Technologies certies that this product met its published specications
at the time of shipment from the factory
.Agilent T
echnologies further
certies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States
National Institute of Standards and T
echnology (NIST), to the extent allowed
by the Institute's calibration facility
,and to the calibration facilities of other
International Standards Organization members
.
Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements
are available for A
gilent T
echnologies products.
For any assistance
,contact your nearest A
gilent T
echnologies Sales and
Service Oce
.
x

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
W
arranty
This Agilent T
echnologies instrument product is warranted against defects in
material and workmanship for aperiod of one year from date of shipment.
During the warranty period, Agilent T
echnologies will, at its option, either
repair or replace products which prove to be defective
.
F
or warranty service or repair
,this product must be returned to aservice
facility designated by Agilent T
echnologies
.Buyer shall prepay shipping
charges to Agilent T
echnologies and Agilent T
echnologies shall pay shipping
charges to return the product to Buyer
.However
,Buyer shall pay all shipping
charges, duties
,and taxes for products returned to Agilent T
echnologies from
another country
.
Agilent T
echnologies warrants that its software and rmware designated by
Agilent T
echnologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming
instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Agilent T
echnologies
does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software
,or
rmware will be uninterrupted or error-free
.
Limit
a
tion of W
arranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper
or inadequate maintenance by Buyer
,Buyer-supplied software or
interfacing, unauthorized modication or misuse
,operation outside of the
environmental specications for the product, or improper site preparation
or maintenance
.
NO OTHER W
ARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
.AGILENT
TECHNOLOGIES SPECIFICALL
YDISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED W
ARRANTIES
OF MERCHANT
ABILITY AND FITNESS FOR AP
ARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Ex
clusive Remedies
THE REMEDIES PRO
VIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE
REMEDIES
.A
GILENT TECHNOLOGIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENT
AL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES, WHETHER B
ASED ON CONTRA
CT,TORT
, OR ANY OTHER
LEGAL THEORY.
xi

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
Contents
1. Installing
Step 1. Inspect the shipmen
t.......... . . .
1-4
Step 2. Connect the t
w
oinstrumen
tsections ......
1-5
Step 3. Set the line v
oltage .......... . . . .
1-7
Step 4. Connect the rear-panel cables .........
1-10
Step 5. V
erify Operation ......... . . . . . .
1-11
T
oreplace the line fuse ......... . . . . . ..
1-19
Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measuremen
ts ....
1-21
T
oclean anon-lensed connector ...........
1-23
To clean an adapter ............... .
1-24
T
otest insertion loss ....... . . . . . . . ..
1-24
T
otest return loss ......... . . . .....
1-25
Returning Y
our Instrumen
t........... . . .
1-26
T
oreturn the instrumen
tfor service ........ .
1-27
Agilen
tT
ec
hnologies Sales and Service Oces ......
1-29
2. Performing Guided Setups and Calibrations
Running Guided Setups and Calibrations ........
2-6
T
op
erform aguided setup (devices with pigtail) ...
2-7
T
op
erform a guided setup (devices without pigtail) ..
2-13
T
op
erform a guided calibration ...........
2-18
P
erforming Man
ual Calibrations ............
2-20
T
obalance the receiv
er ............. . .
2-23
T
ocalibrate the magnitude .............
2-25
T
ocalibrate for an external source ..........
2-26
T
oturn o calibration data .............
2-28
T
oen
ter the standard's reection percen
tage .....
2-28
T
oturn c
hromatic dispersion correction on and o .. .
2-28
T
ouse the Option 001 cable tra
y . . . . . . . . . .
2-29
Contents-1

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
3. P
erforming Measurements
Setting the Measuremen
tRange .......... . .
3-4
T
oselect the source w
a
v
elength ...... . . . . .
3-6
T
oautomatically tune to aresponse ....... . .
3-7
T
oc
hange the displa
y
ed scale ...... . . . . . .
3-7
T
oc
hange the refractiveindex ... . . . . . . . .
3-8
Reducing Display
ed Noise ...... . . . . . . . .
3-9
T
oreduce the displayed noise ......
..
..
..
.3-11
Using Mark
ers ........ . . . . . . . ....
3-12
T
odispla
yapeak response .... . . . . . ....
3-16
T
oc
hange the measuremen
trange ..... . . . . .
3-16
T
omak
erelativ
emeasuremen
ts . . . . . . .....
3-16
T
oposition axed reference mark
er ....... . .
3-17
T
oc
hange the peak denition ........ . ...
3-17
T
oturn mark
ers o .. . . . . . . . .......
3-18
Creating Limit Lines ....... . . . . . .....
3-19
T
oen
ter limit-line segments .............
3-23
T
odispla
yor
hide limit lines ............
3-23
T
oturn on limit testing . .............
3-24
T
utorial: Using Limit Lines . . ...........
3-25
Storing T
races to Memory . . ............
3-34
T
oview memory traces ...............
3-35
Sa
ving Instrumen
tStates to Registers .........
3-36
T
osa
v
eto aregister ............... .
3-38
T
orecall aregister .................
3-38
T
oincrease user memory ..............
3-39
Sa
ving Instrumen
tStates to Files ...........
3-40
T
osa
v
eto adisk ....... . . . . . .....
3-41
T
oc
hange ale name ........ . . . . . . .
3-42
T
orecall an external le ......... . . . . .
3-43
T
odelete an external le ......... . . . . .
3-43
T
oformat an external disk ........... . .
3-43
T
oconnect adisk driv
e. . . . . . . . . . . ....
3-44
Changing Colors and Audible Warnings ........
3-45
To adjust displa
yed colors .... . . . . . . . . .
3-45
To turn on the w
arning beep . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-45
To turn o the \done" beep . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-46
Printing and Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-47
Toprin
t the displa
y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-48
To plot the displa
y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-48
Toprin
t or plot measuremen
t and parameter v
alues . . 3-49
Contents-2

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
T
oen
ter the prin
ter/plotter t
ypeand address ... . .
3-49
T
oabort aprint or plot ........... .. ...3-50
4. Programming
Con
trolling the Instrumen
t...... . . . . . . . .
4-4
T
oselect the HP-IB mo de .... . . . . . . . ..
4-8
T
oc
hange the HP-IB address . . . . . . . .....
4-8
Monitoring the Instrumen
t... . . . . . . . ....
4-9
IEEE 488.2 Common Commands ... . . . . . . . .
4-12
Instrumen
tCommands ...... . . . . . .....
4-15
Keys v
ersus Commands ..... . . . . . .....
4-54
5. Reference
Men
uMaps ..... . ...............
5-3
Keys, Softk
eys, and Connectors ............
5-11
Blo c
kDiagram ............. . . . . . .
5-52
F
ron
t-P
anel Fib er-Optic Adapters .... . . . . . ..
5-53
P
art Num
bers ........ . . . .........
5-54
Instrumen
tOptions .......... . . . ....
5-55
Line-P
o
w
er Cables ........ . . . .......
5-56
6. Specications and Regulatory Information
Specications ....................
6-4
LED Classication .................
6-4
Return Loss Measuremen
tRange ..........
6-5
Return Loss Uncertain
t
y..............
6-6
Sweep-to-Sw
eep Repeatability............
6-8
Tw
o-Ev
en
tSpatial Accuracy .......... . .
6-9
Tw
o-Ev
en
tSpatial Resolution .......... . .
6-10
Spurious Resp onses ............. . . .
6-12
Characteristics ............... . . . .
6-14
Regulatory Information ...............
6-16
Notice for German
y: Noise Declaration ........
6-16
7. Error Messages
Message Denitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-3
Error Message Num
bers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-11
Index
Contents-3

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
Contents

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
1
Installing

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
Installing
This chapter shows you how to install your precision reectometer and how
to verify that it is operating properly
.Be sure to save the shipping containers
in the event that the instrument should need to be returned to HP
.It is
important to have the correct packaging.
Refer to Chapter 6for information on operating conditions such as
temperature
.
If you should ever need to clean the cabinet, use adamp cloth only
.
WARNING
For continued protection against re hazard, replace line fuse only with
same type and ratings
.The
use of other fuses or materials is prohibited.
The correct fuse types are listed on the rear panel of each instrument
section.
WARNING
If this product is to be energized via an external autotransformer for
voltage reduction, make sure that its common terminal is connected to a
neutral (earthed pole) of the power supply
.
CAUTION
When installing the product in acabinet, the convection into and out of
the product must not be restricted. The ambient temperature (outside
the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating temperature of
the product by 4

Cfor every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the
total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts
,then forced
convection must be used.
CAUTION
This product is designed for use in INSTALLA
TION CA
TEGORY II and
POLLUTION DEGREE 2, per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively
.
1-2

FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.5 in x 9.0 in
Installing
Contents
Step 1. Inspect the shipment
::::::::::::::::::::::::
::
:::::::::::::::::
1-4
Step 2. Connect the two instrument sections
:::::::::::::::::::
::
::
::::
1-5
Step 3. Set the line voltage
:::::::::::::::::::::: :: :::::::::::::::::::::
1-7
Step 4. Connect the rear-panel cables
::::::::::::::::::::
::
:::: :::::::
1-10
Step 5. V
erify Operation
::
::::::::::::::::::::: :: :: :::::::::::::::::::
: 1-11
T
o replace the line fuse
:::::::::::::::::: ::::
::::::::::::::::::::: :: :: :
1-19
Cleaning Connections for A
ccurate Measurements
:::::::::::::::::: :::
1-21
T
o clean anon-lensed connector
::::::::::::::::
::
:::: ::::::::::::::
1-23
T
o clean an adapter
::::::::::::::::::: :: :: :::::::::::::::::::
::
:::: :
1-24
T
otest insertion loss
:::::::::::::::::::::::
::::::::::::::::::::::: ::
1-24
T
otest return loss
:::::::::::::::
::
::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::
::::::
1-25
Returning Y
our Instrument
::::::::::::::::::
::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::
1-26
To return the instrument for service
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1-27
Agilent T
echnologies Sales and Service Oces
:::
::::::::::::::::::::::
1-29
1-3