Alstom EPAC 3100 User manual

EPAC 3100/3500
Numerical distance relay

EPAC 3100/3500
Numerical distance relay with integrated automatic and control functions
2
Features
Fully numerical distance relay
designed to protect overhead
lines and underground cables.
Typical operating time 1.25
cycles
Up to six independent zones of
protection.
Dual distance protection
algorithms.
ndependent directional
overcurrent element for additional
(back-up) protection.
Quadrilateral characteristic used
for all type of faults.
Comprehensive range of
protection schemes.
Single and three pole tripping.
Comprehensive directional earth
fault (DEF) protection with back-up
DMT element for high resistance
earth faults.
Additional overload, overvoltage
and undervoltage protection
functions.
Power swing blocking.
Switch-on-to-fault protection.
Parallel line compensation.
Weak-infeed and echo operation.
Check synchronising function.
Automatic single and/or three-
pole auto-reclose function.
Four independent, user selectable
setting groups.
Fault location and instrumentation.
Ten fault reports stored in non
volatile mass memory with
automatic down-loading to a
printer.
Oscillography stored in non
volatile memory. Average
capacity of 40 5-second records
through data compression.
Real time calendar clock of fault
reports and oscillography.
R G-B port for real-time clock
synchronisation.
Substation communications via K-
bus or VDEW ( EC 870-5-103
protocol).
Comprehensive self-checking and
alarms.
User's tools
Front panel display,
WinEPAC software (off-line
setting),
WinTPE software (oscillography),
Courier™ communication:
PAS&T or CAS:W software
(on-line setting).

Introduction
EPAC is a fully numerical protection
equipment designed for distribution
and/or transmission networks that
are solidly earthed, impedance
earthed or earthed via a Petersen
coil.
The relay is fully compatible with the
ALSTOM K-range of relays and can
be integrated into an overall
protection and control system
utilising its integral serial
communications facility.
Models available
There are 12 different models
according to the features required.
These models are described in a
table, page 16 of this publication:
Recapitulation of features per
models.
Applications
EPAC is suitable for the protection of
overhead lines and underground
cables and can be used as the main
or back-up distance protection for
networks whether they are solidly
earthed, impedance earthed or
earthed via a Petersen coil. The
resistance reach coverage value per
zone is perfectly adapted to short
line and cable protection.
Two independent earth fault factors,
K01 used for zone 1 and K02 for
the other zones are particularly
beneficial to hybrid line
applications.
ts protection scheme simultaneously
employs fast algorithms, using
superimposed values in order to
eliminate load current, which
respond only to fault related phase
values, and conventional algorithms
using values measured during the
fault in the same way as
conventional protection.
This dual algorithm principle allows
the relays to detect all types of faults
occurring in the network.
VT's or CVT's may be on a line or
on busbar side.
There is a comprehensive selection
of protection schemes allowing
single or three pole tripping with or
without a signalling channel.
Additional protection functions such
as DEF, overload, under and over
voltage protection, complement the
distance protection and allow single
or three-pole tripping when the
impedance point relative to the fault
is outside the quadrilateral
characteristic.
Functions
Phase selector
Fast algorithms compare
superimposed currents.
Conventional algorithms use
overcurrent or impedance criteria.
Fault direction
The fault direction is obtained by
calculating the sign of the
superimposed energy for the fast
algorithms or measuring the phase
shift between the pre-fault voltage
(10 s memory voltage) and the fault
current for the conventional
algorithms.
Distance-to-fault
measurement
Distance to the fault is measured by
discriminating between the voltage
drop on the line and that caused by
the fault. This removes the error due
to the fault resistance irrespective of
the load current. A least squares
method is used to get the algorithms
to converge rapidly.
Distance protection
Six zones of protection for all types
of faults are provided as shown in
Figure 2.
They are:
•Zone 1 forward directional
instantaneous or time-delayed trip
zone.
and
Zone 1X forward directional used
for zone reach control scheme,
instantaneous or time-delayed trip
zone.
3
Zone 4, T4
Zone 3, T3
Zone 2, T2
Zone1X, T1
Zone1, T1
R1 R2 R3 R4
∆ R
Zone 3, T3
reverse
Zone 5, T5
X
R
Figure 2.
Relay characteristic
Figure 1.
EPAC 3100 relay

•Zone 2 forward directional time-
delayed trip zone.
•Zone 3 forward or reverse
directional time delayed trip zone.
•Zone 4 forward directional time
delayed trip zone.
•Zone 5 reverse directional time
delayed trip zone.
The back-up overcurrent protection
permits the clearance of faults
beyond zones 4 and 5 using two
directional or non-directional time
delayed thresholds as shown in
Figure 3.
Busbar isolation
Busbar isolation mode is used to
isolate busbars if there is a fault
near them in order to reduce the
fault current quickly. This 4-zone
mode is non-directional as the link
must be broken quickly since the
fault may originate from a busbar
situated in the forward or reverse
direction of the protection device as
shown in Figure 4.
Earth fault direction in
isolated or Petersen coil
earthed networks
The RN module allows the EPAC to
protect overhead lines and
underground cables when the
neutral of the network is isolated or
earthed by an impedance or by a
Petersen coil. The PWH function
(wattmetric element) in the RN
module determines the direction of
permanent or intermittent phase-to-
earth faults.
Scheme functions
The relay is fitted with a
comprehensive selection of scheme
functions.
Single-ended schemes include:
•Basic scheme logic for stand
alone operation (without
signalling channel),
•Zone 1 extention scheme to permit
high speed reclosure when no
signalling channel is available
(zone reach extention).
Carrier aided schemes for two and
three terminal feeders:
•Permissive underreach transfer
tripping scheme (PUTT or PUP
forward),
•Permissive overreach transfer
tripping scheme (POTT or POR1),
•Accelerated underreach scheme
(AUP or PUR),
•Blocking underreach scheme
(BOR1),
•Blocking overreach scheme
(BOR2).
Tee-line applications may use two
different schemes.
Additional features
•Switch-on-to-fault (SOTF), using
overcurrent and distance element
fault detection.
•Power Swing Blocking, based on
measuring the time necessary for
the three single loops to cross the
power swing band (R surrounding
the start-up characteristic (Figure 2).
•Voltage Transformer Supervision
for the detection of the VT fuse
failure or miniature circuit breaker
operation.
•Detection of the 2nd harmonic
current (inrush current) to protect
against maloperation due to
transformer inrush conditions.
•Fault detection and clearance
during a single-phase cycle in
progress.
•The Weak nfeed mode of the
relay is used when the infeed to a
line end is too low to detect a
fault. n this mode the relay is
able to trip single- or three-pole.
Protection against high
resistance earth fault
The role of this protection is to
detect resistive earth faults which
resistance is outside the
quadrilateral characteristic of the
distance protection.
The main protection is realised by a
directional comparison element
using zero sequence quantities. ts
back-up earth fault protection is
provided by an inverse definite
minimum time ( DMT) delayed
element using the zero-sequence
directional current or the zero-
sequence directional power.
Directional earth fault
comparison protection (DEF)
for 2 or 3 terminals
Directional comparison protection
operates in conjunction with one or
two remote end relays. The DEF
protection is able to trip single- or
three-pole using permissive or
blocking scheme logic. The
transmission channels may be the
same as those used by the distance
protection or may be independent.
Tee-line applications may use two
different schemes.
4
>, T>
>>, T>>
Z5, T5
Reverse looking Z1, T1
Z2, T2
Z3, T3
Z4, T4
>>, T>>
>, T>
t
Forward looking
Distance
Figure 3.
Current start-up
Zone 4
Zone 3
Zone 2
Zone 1
R1 R2 R3 R4
Figure 4.
Busbar isolation

IDMT earth fault protection
The DMT directional overcurrent or
zero sequence power elements are
used as back-up protection:
•The DMT directional overcurrent
protection trips the three poles of
the associated circuit breaker if a
high resistance earth fault remains
after a fixed time delay.
The value of this time delay varies in
relation with the value of the fault
current and the type of the inverse
time curve selected, see Figure 5.
•nverse time delayed directional
zero sequence: the value of its
time delay varies in relation with
the values of the zero sequence
current and voltage and the
equation described in Figure 5.
5
0.1
1
10
100
1000
1 10 100
Standard
inverse
Extremely
inverse
Very inverse
Moderately inverse
Operating time (s)
Current (multiple of s)
ANSI/IEE curves
0.1
1
10
100
1000
110 100
Standard inverse
Very inverse
Extremely
inverse
Operating time (s)
Current (multiple of s)
IEC curves
Moderately inverse
Standard inverse
Standard inverse
Very inverse
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
Extremely inverse
0.114 0.0515
/ 1 TM
E
0.02
+−⋅
0.18 5.95
/ 1 TM
E
2
+−⋅
0.491 19.61
/ 1 TM
E
2
+−⋅
0.1217 28.2
/ 1 TM
E
2
+−⋅
014
1
002
.
/
.
TM
E
−⋅
13 5
1
.
/TM
E
−⋅
80
1
2
TM
E
E
/−⋅
Zero-sequence power protection with inverse definite time: Operating time =
So = 10 VA; Sr = Ur . r; P = programmable factor
r = measured residual current; Ur = measured residual voltage
0.2 P So
Sr
⋅⋅
= earth fault current
= set earth fault pick-up value
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
)()(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
Figure .
IDMT curves

6
HV network with VT
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1020304050607080
Reach (% )
Operating
Time
(ms)
EHV network with CVT
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1020304050607080
Reach (% )
Operating
Time
(ms)
S R=30 (typ)
S R=30 (max)
S R=1 (typ)
S R=1 (min)
S R=30 (typ)
S R=30 (max)
S R=1 (typ)
S R=1 (min)
Figure 6.
Zone 1 0 Hz operating times for phase to neutral faults
HV network with VT
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1020304050607080
Reach (% )
Operating
Time
(ms)
EHV network with CVT
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1020304050607080
Reach (% )
Operating
Time
(ms)
S R=30 (typ)
S R=30 (max)
S R=1 (typ)
S R=1 (min)
Figure 7.
Zone 1 0 Hz operating times for phase to phase faults
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1020304050607080
Reach (% )
Operating
Time
(ms)
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 1020304050607080
Reach (% )
Operating
Time
(ms)
S R=30 (typ)
S R=30 (max)
S R=1 (typ)
S R=1 (min)
HV network with VT EHV network with CVT
Figure 8.
Zone 1 0 Hz operating times for phase-phase-neutral faults
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1020304050607080
Reach (% )
Operating
Time
(ms)
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 1020304050607080
Reach (% )
Operating
Time
(ms)
S R=30 (typ)
S R=30 (max)
S R=1 (typ)
S R=1 (min)
HV network with VT EHV network with CVT
Figure 9.
Zone 1 0 Hz operating times for 3-phase faults

Additional protection
functions
The following additional protection
is included in the distance relay.
Overload protection
The overload protection trips three-
phase if at least one of the
measured currents is higher than a
settable threshold for a fixed or
inverse time delay.
Undervoltage protection
The undervoltage protection trips
three-phase if at least one of the
measured voltages is lower than a
settable threshold for a fixed time.
Overvoltage protection
The overvoltage protection trips
three-phase if at least one of the
measured voltages is higher than a
settable threshold during a fixed
time.
Auto-recloser
The reclose cycle is initiated by the
operation of the associated
protective function (distance, DEF or
back-up) or through opto-isolated
inputs (external protection relay). t
provides one 1- or 3-pole high
speed reclosure and up to three
3-pole delayed auto-reclosures.
Check synchronising function
The check synchronising function
allows reclosure when the voltage
on the line and/or the busbar is
below a preset value and when the
two parts of the system are in
synchronism by measuring the angle
and the slip frequency between the
line voltage and the busbar voltage:
•Live busbar and dead line,
•Dead busbar and live line,
•Live busbar and live line,
•OR logic of the three preceeding
mode.
7
Analogue
board
12 bits ADC
24 samples/cycle
Voltage & current
transformers
Va Vb Vc
a b c
n Uctmh (1)
Ubusbar
Control system:
K-Bus courier
or VDEW
TPE oscillography:
current loop connection to UR
(data concentrator)
or modem connection
R G-B
Serial port
WinEPAC
(settings)
TR P
ALARM
RELAY AVA L.
Serial port
Printer or
WinTPE (oscillography)
Daughter boards
Power
supply
Rear panel
Output
contacts
Tripping
contacts
Optically
isolated
inputs
Front panel
ndicator LEDs
2 lines-16 digits
LCD screen
TMS 320 C25
E.P. processor
A.C. board TMS board
- oscillography
- setting groups
- protection logic
- measurement
algorithms
NTEL 960
Risc
Microprocessor
R G.B
board
(1)
Uctmh = mutual compensation
Figure 10.
Block diagram

Configuration
Inputs and outputs
• 8 or 16 user programmable,
optically isolated inputs
depending on the model selected.
• 13, 16, 26 or 32 user
programmable normally open
output contacts depending on the
model selected.
• 3, 6 or 12 normally open trip
contacts depending on the model
selected. These contacts may be
connected directly to the coil of
the circuit breaker.
• 1 or 2 normally open reclose
contacts depending on the model
selected. These contacts may be
connected directly to the coil of
the circuit breaker.
• 1 or 2 normally closed contacts,
depending on the model selected,
for watchdog alarm.
Alternative setting groups
Four sets of setting groups are
provided and stored in a non-
volatile memory. They can be used
to change the relay’s setting to
cover abnormal operating
conditions. The setting groups can
be selected locally via the front
panel display or WinEPAC
software, or remotely via the relay’s
communication system. Two inputs
can be allocated to the selection of
setting groups allowing them to be
changed by means of an external
system.
Ancillary Functions
The ancillary functions allow the
equipment to be used in specific
applications.
Instrumentation
The instrumentation functions of the
equipment can be accessed locally
via the relay’s front panel display or
the WinEPAC software, or remotely
via its communication system.
Values of frequency, phase currents
and voltages, active and reactive
power, the direction of the load
current, and the status of the relay’s
inputs and outputs are displayed.
Fault reports
When a fault occurs, causing a
relay to trip, a fault report is created
and stored in non-volatile memory.
t is possible to view via the relay’s
front panel or the WinEPAC
software, or print out, any or all of
the last ten fault reports.
Each fault report includes time
tagged details of the faulted phases,
trip type and fault location (fault
distance and apparent resistance).
Additionally, information on the
system frequency, fault currents and
voltages values.
Disturbance records
The internal disturbance recorder
has 8 analogue channels to record
current and voltage inputs to the
relay and up to 32 digital channels
to record the status of the
input/output relays. Data
compression allows the recording
and storage in non-volatile memory
of an average of forty 5-second
events. The information in the
disturbance recorder is accessed on
a personal computer connected to
the relay’s front panel or via the
communication system to provide a
graphical display and to conduct in-
depth fault analysis, using WinTPE
software.
Fault location
The fault location report provides
information about the distance to the
fault and the fault resistance. The
distance to the fault is in miles,
kilometres, ohms or as a percentage
of line length.
Fault location can be calculated
both for single and parallel lines.
Power-on diagnostics and self
monitoring
The relay continuously runs self-
checks. n the event of a failure of a
device, an alarm is triggered and a
self-diagnostics system enables
quick and easy trouble-shooting.
Hardware description
The EPAC is a fully numerical relay
providing:
• input circuit with anti-aliasing
filters.
• acquisition of residual quantities
allowing constant monitoring of
sampled values.
• 16-bit sampling of current values
and 12-bit sampling of voltage
values.
• filtering and computing of derived
quantities and protection
algorithms by a real-time signal
processor.
• tripping logic, management of
logic acquisitions and signals.
The oscillography, communication
and user interface dialogue are
managed by a special board
having a R SC microprocessor
NTEL 960.
User interface
The EPAC is programmed and
operated through its key-pad and
display, or through its RS-232 link
on the front panel of the unit, or via
the communications unit from a
personal computer running the
programming software WinEPAC.
User interface with WinEPAC
WinEPAC software is run on the
WindowsTM interface of which it
uses the graphic capabilities to their
fullest. All the functions are clearly
labelled and grouped by theme
screens. WinEPAC is a very
intuitive application and it is quick
and easy to learn.
Front panel user interface
Dialogue through the front panel
display offers the same features as
with the WinEPAC software.
Functions are selected using six keys
on the key-pad. The display is a 2
line, 16 character back-lit LCD
screen.
8
Figure 11.
WinTPE software (WinANALYSE)
Figure 12.
WinEPAC software
Figure 13.
Front panel display

Maintenance software
WinEPAC software also includes a
commissioning and maintenance
program to facilitate commissioning
tests and providing guidance for
maintenance personnel.
Communication protocol
• Communication with the master
station comforms to application
standard ‘VDEW’ - EC 870-
5/103. The EPAC can therefore
be interfaced with any product
compliant with that standard.
• The communications protocol used
with K Series relays is designated
Courier. The Courier language
has been developed specifically
for the purpose of developing
generic PC programs that will,
without modification,
communicate with any device
using the Courier language. n
the Courier system, all information
resides in the relay. Each time
communication is established with
the relay, the requested
information is sent to the PC. The
protocol includes extensive error
checking routines to ensure that
the system remains reliable and
secure.
Relay interconnection
• The VDEW EC 870-5/103
interface enables the relays to be
connected to the master station
using fibre optic link. The speed
of this link is 9600 or 19200
bits/s depending on the
configuration.
• The relay’s communication can be
connected via a shielded, twisted
wire pair known as K-Bus. Up to 32
relays may be connected in parallel
across the bus. The K-Bus can be
connected through a protocol
converter known as K TZ, either
directly or via a modem, to the RS-
232 port of the PC. The K-Bus is RS-
485 based and runs at 64 kbits/s.
The K-Bus connection to the relay is
shown in Figure 14 . This system
allows up to 32 relays to be
accessed through one RS-232
communication port (Figure 15).
Software is available with each K TZ
to provide access to the relays to
read and change settings.
Password protection
Password protection is provided for
all remote or local setting changes
which alter the configuration of the
relay. This prevents any accidental
change which could seriously affect
the ability of the relay to perform its
intended functions. The setting, fault
report and disturbance record
consultations are not protected by
password: a password is needed for
resetting only.
Languages
The EPAC user interface may be
configured in one of four
languages; these are:
• English,
• French,
• German,
• Spanish.
9
EC870-5
RS232
K-Bus
RS485
Desktop
computer
PC
K TZ
Protocol
converter
Relay 1Relay 2Relay 3Relay 4Relay 32
TERM NAL2
TERM NAL1
1
12
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
27 28
27
28
27
28
27
28
27
28
27
28
Figure 14.
Rear panel and K-bus connection to the terminal block
Figure 1 .
Connection to K-bus

10
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Phase rotation
A
BC
Direction of power flow for operation
A
B
C
P2 P1
S1
S2
Case earth
[a]
[b]
[c]
C.T. Shorting links make
before [b] disconnect
Short terminals
Pin terminal [P.C.Btype]
Terminal block
K-Bus connection can
be either way
Screen mechanical
terminationonly
50 Ohm BNC connector
R G-B input
Output contact
Opto-isolated input
TC
TS
5X1
5X3
7X2
7X4
7X1
7X3
9X2
9X4
9X1
9X3
11X2
11X4
11X1
11X3
13X2
13X4
21X2
21X4
1X2
1X4
15X2
15X4
23X2
23X4
1X1
1X3
3X2
3X4
17X2
17X4
25X2
25X4
3X1
3X3
5X2
5X4
19X2
19X4
27X2
27X4
9X6
15X6
6X1
6X3
8X2
8X4
8X1
8X3
10X2
10X4
10X1
10X3
12X2
12X4
12X1
12X3
13X1
Phase A voltage
Phase B voltage
Phase C voltage
1 A - phase A
5 A - phase A
1 A - phase B
5 A - phase B
1 A - phase C
5 A - phase C
1 A - Neutral
5 A - Neutral
Ubar
UCTMH
TS1
TS1
TS2
TS2
TS3
TS3
TS4
TS4
TS5
TS5
TS6
TS6
TS7
TS7
TS8
TS8
13X3
21X1
21X3
17X1
17X3
25X1
25X3
15X1
15X3
23X1
23X3
19X1
19X3
27X1
27X3
14X1
14X3
22X1
22X3
18X1
18X3
26X1
26X3
16X1
16X3
24X1
24X3
20X1
20X3
28X1
28X3
14X2
14X4
22X2
22X4
2X2
2X4
16X2
16X4
24X2
24X4
2X1
2X3
4X2
4X4
18X2
18X4
26X2
26X4
4X1
4X3
6X2
6X4
20X2
20X4
28X2
28X4
10X6
16X6
TripA
TripA
TripB
TripB
TripC
TripC
TC1
TC1
TC2
TC2
TC3
TC3
TC4
TC4
TC5
TC5
TC6
TC6
TC7
TC7
TC8
TC8
TC9
TC9
TC10
TC10
TC11
TC11
TC12
TC12
TC13
TC13
TC14
TC14
TC15
TC15
TC16
TC16
Equipment failure 1
Equipment failure 2
Reclosing
Reclosing
27X6
28X6
X1 X2
X3 X4
X5
X6
12
27 28
1
11
1
1
2
22
2
2
27
27 27
27
27
28
28 28
28
28
V.T. secondaries
26X5
28X5
18X5
20X5
22X5
24X5
14X5
15X5
3X5
7X5
1X5
5X5
6X5
25X5
27X5
17X5
19X5
21X5
23X5
13X5
16X5
4X5
2X5
8X5
Figure 16.
Example of case connection diagram (EPAC 3132)

Technical Data
Ratings
Inputs
AC current (In) 1 A and 5 A
AC voltage (Vn) 100 V to 120 V in steps of 1V
DC auxiliary voltage No inal (V) Operative range (V)
48 38.4 - 57.6
60 48 - 72
110 88 - 132
125 100 - 150
220 176 - 264
250 200 - 275
DC opto-isolated input 48 V, 60 V, 110 V, 125 V,
voltage supply 220 V, 250 V
Frequency 50/60 Hz
Per itted ripple 12% superi posed on no inal frequency
Burdens
AC current 0.1 VA at In = 1 A; 0.5 VA at In = 5 A
AC voltage 0.1 VA
DC auxiliary voltage 25 W under healthy live line conditions, 35 W
ax.
Optically isolated inputs 10 A per input
Thermal withstand
AC current inputs 4 In continuous
100 In for 1 s; 30 In for 5 s
AC voltage inputs 2.2 Vn continuous
2.6 Vn for 10 s
Reference conditions
Te perature 20 °C
Auxiliary voltage No inal DC voltage range
Frequency 50/60 Hz
Transformers turns ratios
CT ratios (Ki) 1 to 20,000 in steps of 1
VT ratios (Ku) 1 to 20,000 in steps of 1
Contact ratings
Tripping and Closing Contacts
Maxi u operating voltage 250 Vdc
Make 30 A and carry for 500 s
250 A and carry for 30 s
Per itted overload 250 A, 30 s
Carry 5 A continuous
Breaking capacity (L/R < 40 s) 0.75 A with 48 Vdc
0.3 A with 125 Vdc
0.25 A with 220-250 Vdc
Signalling Contacts
Maxi u operating voltage 250 Vdc
Per itted overload 100 A, 30 s
Carry 5 A continuous
Breaking capacity (L/R < 40 s) 0.75 A with 48 Vdc
0.3 A with 125 Vdc
0.25 A with 220-250 Vdc
Contact durability
Loaded contact 10,000 operations ini u
Unloaded contact 100,000 operations ini u
IRIG.B
All versions 3X3X have a BNC type connector to carry IRIG-B for at data for auto atic setting and
synchronising the relay's calendar clock.
11
Settings
Line parameters
Neutral earthing direct
isolated or Petersen coil earthed network
Length of line in k or iles 0.3 to 999.99 k or 0.18 to 621.49 iles in
steps of 0.01
Range of settings in secondary values. Para eters can be entered in Cartesian co-ordinates, Polar
Co-ordinates or Positive sequence i pedance/earth ratios.
Polar Co-ordinates
Positive sequence i pedance odule, Z1 0.001 to 999 Ω in steps of 0.001 Ω
Positive sequence i pedance argu ent 0° to 90° in steps of 1°
Zero sequence i pedance odules Z01 and Z02 0.001 to +999 Ω in steps of 0.001 Ω
Zero sequence i pedance argu ent -- 90° to +90° in steps of 1°
Monitoring Para eters of the Protection Function
1A rating 5A rating
I pedance Zone 1, Zone 1X, Zone 2, 0.1 to 200
Ω in steps of 0.01 0,02 to 40 Ω in steps of 0.01
Zone 3, Zone 4, Zone 5
Phase-phase resistance reach (zone 1) 0 to 200
Ω in steps of 0.01 0 to 40 Ω in steps of 0.01
Phase-earth resistance reach (zone 1) 0 to 200 Ω in steps of 0.01 0 to 40 Ω in steps of 0.01
Resistance reach zone 2 0 to 200 Ω in steps of 0.01 0 to 40 Ω in steps of 0.01
Resistance reach zone 3 0 to 200 Ω in steps of 0.01 0 to 40 Ω in steps of 0.01
Start resistance zones 4 and 5 0 to 200 Ω in steps of 0.01 0 to 40 Ω in steps of 0.01
Zone 3 direction forward/reverse
Step 1 ti er, T1 0 to 10 s in steps of 5 s
Steps 2, 3, 4 and 5 ti ers: T2, T3, T4, T5 0 to 10 s in steps of 10 s
Overcurrent thresholds I> and I>> 0.2 In to 9.99 In in steps of 0.01 In
Directionality of I> and I>> without/forward/reverse
Step ti ers T> and T>> 0 to 10 s in steps of 10 s
Scheme functions
Tripping type single-phase for zones 1 and 2
single-phase for zone 1
ordinary three-phase tripping all zones
Sche e logic basic sche e logic
accelerated underreach protection (AUP)
per issive overreach protection (POP or POTT)
blocking overreach protection (BOP or BDCP)
blocking underreach protection (BUP)
per issive underreach protection (PUB or PUTT)
zone reach control
busbar isolation
HF acceptance or unblocking none, unblocking, HF acceptance
Carrier send trans ission carrier send trans ission in zone 1
carrier send trans ission in zone 2
carrier send trans ission in reverse zone 5
Tee Line The teleaction possibilities for the second
teleprotection channel of the Tee line are the
sa e as those for the first channel.
Wea -infeed and echo
Weak-Infeed and echo configuration yes/no
Function locking on power swing yes/no
Tripping authorisation none/1 pole/3 poles
Confir ation by insufficient voltage yes/no
If yes, under voltage threshold 0.2 Vn to Vn in steps of 0.1 Vn
Open pole detection threshold 0/0.05 In
Ti e-delay for tripping 0 to 1 s in steps of 1 s
Blocking ti e if start-up drop off 0 to 500 s in steps of 1 s
Power-swing
Power swing detection boundary 0 to 25
Ω in steps of 0.01 Ω
Unblocking ti er 0 to 30 s in steps of 100 s
First zone independent on power swing yes/no
Carrier send blocking on power swing yes/no
Carrier receive blocking on power swing yes/no

12
Unblocking on residual current Ir yes/no
Unblocking percentage threshold kr 10 to 100% in steps of 1 % of Ir
Unblocking on overcurrent I ax yes/no
Unblocking threshold I ax In to 20 In in steps of 0.01 In
Unblocking on negative sequence current yes/no
Unblocking percentage threshold 10 to 100% in steps of 1% of I2
Tripping ode 1 pole/3 poles
Blocking type none
blocking all zones
zone 1 blocking
zones 1 and 2 blocking
zones 1, 2 and 3 blocking
zone 1 unblocking
zones 1 and 2 unblocking
zones 1, 2 and 3 unblocking
Fuse failure and emergency overcurrent protection
I0 and I2 threshold detection 0 to In in steps of 0.01 In
Ti er for fuse failure indication 1 to 20 s in steps of 1 s
Ifus> threshold unblocking yes/no
Ifus> threshold 0.2 In to 9.99 In in steps of 0.01 In
Tfus> ti er 0 to 10 s in steps of 10 s
Ifus>> threshold unblocking yes/no
Ifus>> threshold 0.2 In to 9.99 In in steps of 0.01 In
Tfus>> ti er 0 to 10 s in steps of 10 s
Ifr> threshold unblocking yes/no
Ifr> threshold 0.2 In to 9.99 In in steps of 0.01 In
Tfr> ti er 0 to 10 s in steps of 10 s
Auto-recloser blocking by fuse failure tripping yes/no
Timer for auto-recloser bloc ing by the distance protection
Ti er for auto-recloser blocking no/to T2/to T3/to T4/to T5/to T>/to T>>
Seal-in
Enabled/disabled yes/no
Holding threshold 0.1 In to In in steps of 0.1 In
Auto-recloser
Reclosing ode on 1 pole trip None, 1, 1/3, 1/3/3, 1/3/3/3
Reclosing ode on 3 pole trip None, 3, 3/3, 3/3/3, 3/3/3/3
Reclosing ode on trip by backup protection None, 3, 3/3, 3/3/3, 3/3/3/3
High-speed 1 pole dead ti e 0.1 to 5 s in steps of 0.01 s
High-speed 3 pole dead ti e 0.1·k to 500 s in steps of 0.01 s
Low-speed dead ti e 0.1·k to 500 s in steps of 0.01 s
where k=1 if no synchro-check
where k=2 if voltage check
where k=4 if synchro-check
Reclai ti e 0.1 to 500 s in steps of 0.1 s
Backup protection reclai ti e 0.1 to 500 s in steps of 0.1 s
Duration of closing co and 0.1 to 10 s in steps of 10 s
Chec synchronising function
The following types of synchro-check are possible:
none
live line / dead bus UL> / UB<
dead line / live bus UL< / UB>
live line / live bus UL> / UB>
Check synchronis on high-speed
three-phase cycle yes/no
Confir ation ti e for the live-line and
live bus ode 0.2 to 2.0 s in steps of 0.1 s
Voltage difference 0.1 Vn to Vn in steps of 0.05 Vn
Frequency difference 0.05 to 5 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Angle difference 10° to 70° in steps of 5°
UL> (line voltage presence threshold) 0.5 Vn to Vn in steps of 0.05 Vn
UB> (bus voltage presence threshold) 0.5 Vn to Vn in steps of 0.05 Vn
UL< (line voltage absence threshold) 0.1 Vn to 0.4 Vn in steps of 0.05 Vn
UB< (bus voltage absence threshold) 0.1 Vn to 0.4 Vn in steps of 0.05 Vn
Switch on-to-fault
Switch on to fault threshold In to 9.9 In in steps of 0.1 In
Reversal guard extension
Reverse locking extension ti e-delay 0 to 150 s in steps of 10 s
Fault locator
Fault locating unit in k or in iles,
Accuracy ± 3% of the line length
Disturbance recording
Disturbance recording enabled yes/no
Disturbance recording triggered when
analogue thresholds are exceeded yes/no (IA, IB, IC, Ir, UA, UB, UC, UR, F)
Min and ax voltage thresholds 0 to 250% Vn in steps of 1% Vn
Min and ax current thresholds 0 to 7,000% In in steps of 1% Vn
Min frequency threshold
If freq. = 50 Hz 45 ≤F in ≤50; 50 ≤F ax ≤55
If freq. = 60 Hz 55 ≤F in ≤60; 60 ≤F ax ≤65
Pre-fault ti e 0.1 to 0.5 s in steps of 100 s
Post-fault ti e 0.1 to 4.5 s in steps of 100 s
Overload protection
Type of protection none
fixed thresholds
inverse curves
Fixed threshold I1 0.5 In to 2 In in steps of 0.01 In
Fixed threshold I2 In to 3 In in steps of 0.01 In
Fixed threshold I3 1.3 In to 3 In in steps of 0.01 In
Threshold I1 tripping ti er 1 to 100 in in steps of 1 in
Threshold I2 tripping ti er 1 to 100 in in steps of 1 in
Threshold I3 tripping ti er 1 to 100 s in steps of 1 s
Type of inverse curve IEC, ANSI (US)
Choice of IEC curve inverse/very inverse/extre ely inverse
Choice of ANSI curve oderately inverse/inverse/very
inverse/extre ely inverse
Threshold line current 0.5 In to 2 In in steps of 0.05 In
Multiplier factor 0 to 3.2 In in steps of 0.01 In
Over and under voltage protection
Mini u voltage threshold 0.1 Vn to 0.6 Vn in steps of 0.1 In
Ti er for ini u voltage tripping 0 to 20 s in steps of 0.1 s
Maxi u voltage threshold 1.1 to 1.4 Vn in steps of 0.1 Vn
Ti er for axi u voltage alar 0 to 20 s in steps of 0.1 s
Tripping on axi u voltage yes/no
Resistant earth fault protection
Directional co parison protection yes/no
Residual voltage threshold 0.01 Vn to 0.2 Vn in steps of 0.01 Vn
Residual forward current threshold 0.1 In to 4 In in steps of 0.01 In
Tripping type 1 pole/3 poles
Independent teleaction channel yes/no
Type of tripping sche e per issive/blocking
Trans ission ti e-delay for teleaction 0 to 1 s in steps of 5 s
Tee line present yes/no
Type of sche e for tee line per issive/blocking
Trans ission ti e-delay for tee line application 0 to 1 s in steps of 5 s
Operation ti er 0 to 10 s in steps 100 s
Activation of back-up protection no, power, current
Residual current threshold 0.1 In to 4 In in steps of 0.01 In
Multiplier factor 0 to 3.2 in steps of 0.01
Type of curve IEC, ANSI (US)
IEC curve type inverse/very inverse/extre ely inverse
ANSI curve type oderately inverse/inverse/very
inverse/extre ely inverse
Coefficient of ultiplication P (power) 1 to 9 in steps of 1
Auto-recloser of backup protection locked yes/no
Isolated neutral protection (Peterson coil)
Network with isolated neutral or i pedance yes/no
Selection criteria for loop Acyclic C(A), A(C), B(A), A(B), C(B), B(C)/Cyclic
C(A), A(C)
Residual current threshold 0.2 In to 5 In steps of 0.1 In
Residual voltage threshold 0.1 Vn to Vn in steps of 0.05 Vn
Tripping on axi u residual voltage yes/no
Ti e-delay for tripping on axi u residual
voltage 1 to 360 s in steps of 1 s

13
Zero sequence active power protection
Zero sequence active power yes/no
Secondary current for ax. angle
error of current transfor er 1 A to 4 A in steps of 1 A
Angle error of current transfor er at I1 --30° à +30° in steps of 1°
Secondary current above which the
angle error is practically constant 1 A to 4 A in steps of 1 A
Angle error of current transfor er at I2 --30° to +30° in steps of 1°
Residual current threshold for the start-up 1 A to 4 A in steps of 1 A
Angle of the start-up characteristic --180° to +180° in steps of 1°
K power factor 1 to 10 in steps of 1
CT core balance ratio (Kir) 1 to 20000 in steps of 1
Duration of transient earth fault 100 to 500 s in steps of 10 s
Sensitivity of the distance protection function
Current threshold 0.2 In
Directional sensitivity unli ited for all types of faults
unli ited for 10 s for close faults ( e ory voltage)
Accuracy of the distance protection function
For an SIR < 30 and a current
of 0.2 to 30 In (zone 1) 5% of adjusted value
Other zones 10 % of adjusted value
Operating Time
Fastest tripping ti e 18 s
Typical operating ti e 60 Hz: 22 s
50 Hz: 25 s
≤30 s for SIR =1
≤40 s for SIR = 30
Electro-magnetic compatibility IEC 255-22
High frequency disturbance (255-22-1) 2.5 kV peak between independent circuits and
case
1.0 kV peak across ter inals of the sa e circuit
Electrostatic discharge (255-22-1) 8.0 kV point contact discharge with cover
re oved
15 kV discharge in air with cover in place
Electro agnetic interference (i unity) 27 MHz - 1000 MHz 10 V/M,
80% odulation at 1 kHz
Fast transient disturbance 4.0 kV, 5.0 kHz 1 in. applied to all inputs
Electro agnetic interference on
logic channel (trans ission) NF for 55011 and 55022 Group 1, Class A
Electrical environment IEC 255-5
I pulse voltage withstand 5 kV 1.2 / 50 icroseconds; 0.5 J
Insulation resistance > 100 M
Ω at 500 VDC
Dielectric withstand 2 kV 50 Hz 1 in.
Protection index IP52
Atmospheric environment IEC 68-2
Operating te perature --10° to +55°C
Storage te perature --40° to +70°C
Relative hu idity with no condensation 93 %
Mechanical environment IEC 255-21
Vibration category 1
Shock and bu p category 1
Free fall with packing 2 falls of 0.5
Recapitulation of features / models
Specifications 3111 3112 3113 3116 3121 3122 3123 3126 3131 3132 3133 3136
3511 3512 3513 3516 3521 3522 3523 3526 3531 3532 3533 3536
Distance protection
Six zones of protection
Directional overcurrent
●●●●●●●●●●●●
Scheme functions
Power-swing tripping
●●●●●●●●●●●●
Single or three pole tripping ●●●●●●●●●●●●
Directional earth fault (DEF) ●●●●●●●●●●●●
Additional overload, overvoltage
and undervoltage protection
●●●●●●●●●●●●
Check synchronising function ●●● ●●● ●●●
Automatic single and/or
three-pole autoreclose function
●●● ●●● ●●●
Four independent user selectable setting groups ●●●●●●●●●●●●
Fault location ●●●●●●●●●●●●
Ten fault reports stored in
non-volatile mass memory
●●●●●●●●●●●●
Automatic down-loading
of fault reports to a printer
●●●●●●●●
Oscillography stored in non volatile memory ●●●●●●●●
R G-B input for real-time clock synchronisation ●●●●
Substation communications
via K-Bus, VDEW ou TPE
●●●●●●●●
Front panel LCD display ●● ● ●●●●●●●●●
Programmable inputs 8 16 8 16 8 16 8 16 8 16 8 16
Programmable output contacts 16 32 13 26 16 32 13 26 16 32 13 26
Tripping contacts 3 6 6 12 3 6 6 12 3 6 6 12
Circuit breaker reclosing contacts 021202120212
Watchdog contacts
121212121212

14
Information required with order
EPAC 3 2 /352
EPAC 3 22/3522
EPAC 3 23/3523
EPAC 3 26/3526
EPAC 3 3 /353
EPAC 3 32/3532
EPAC 3 33/3533
EPAC 3 36/3536
EPAC 3 2/35 2
EPAC 3 3/35 3
EPAC 3 6/35 6
EPAC 3 /35 B
E
G
H
B
E
G
H
B
E
G
H
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
D
D
D
D
D
H
H
H
D
H
H
H
D
H
H
H
B
B
B
B
Language:
Case:
Acquisition:
Input supply for the teleprotection:
Communication:
Network environment:
Oscillography:
Auxiliary voltage:
Flush panel 1
Rack 5
1A, 100V/ 3 to 120V/ 3, 50 Hz
√ √
√
√
√
√
√
√
1A, 100V/ 3 to 120V/ 3, 60 Hz
5A, 100V/ 3 to 120V/ 3, 50 Hz
5A, 100V/ 3 to 120V/ 3, 60 Hz
1
3
2
4
VDEW protocol
K-Bus/Courier protocol
B
C
TPE current loop oscillography F
K-Bus/Courier oscillography H
VDEW oscillography G
TPE/Modem oscillography J
48 Vdc
48 Vdc
1
1
60 Vdc
60 Vdc
2
2
110 Vdc
110 Vdc
3
3
125 Vdc
125 Vdc
Network directly earthed
4
4
CD
220 Vdc
220 Vdc
solated or with Petersen coil without DEF protection
5
5
DC
250 Vdc
250 Vdc
solated or with Petersen coil and zero-sequence active power protection without DEF
6
6
FC
0
1
2
3
French
English
German
Spanish

15
Glossary
Courier: A communication
language developed to provide
generic control, monitoring, data
extraction and setting changes on
remote devices (primarily on
protective relays) within the
substation evironment.
PAS&T: MS Dos interface of the
Courier language.
CAS:W: MS Windows interface of
the Courier language.
WinEPAC: MS Windows
application enabling the EPAC to be
configured and information
uploaded.
WinTPE: Group of Windows
applications allowing
communication with the TPE 2000
disturbance recorder and analysis of
fault reports issued by the TPE 000
and the EPAC.
K-Bus: The 64 kbit/s twitsted pair
cable used to connect courrier
compatible devices and transffer
Courier data.
KITZ: The interface unit which
converts between K-Bus and EC
870 format data.
IEC 870: An abbreviated term for
the communication standard EC
870-5 FT1.2 which is used to
transfer Courier data over modems
and RS232 connections.
Case
The relay is housed in a multi-
module M DOS case suitable for
rack or panel mounting, as shown in
Figure 17.
Additional information
MS/M 1.6882-B Commissioning
and Maintenance Guide.
Quality assurance : ISO 9001
DES GN, DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCT ON,
SALES AND SERV C NG (SELECT V TY
STUDY NG, CUSTOMER TRA N NG, S TE
NTERVENT ONS, REPA R OF SPARE PARTS)
OF PROTECT ON AND CONTROL
EQU PMENT FOR ELECTR CAL NETWORKS.
Front view for rack mounting
Side view
37.70
57.10
15.50
151.50
304.30
88.90
101.60
465.10
483.00
412.50
(with cover fitted)
Front view for flush panel
177.00
(4U Nom)
Ø 5 mm earth connection
Rear view
13 1
1425
Layer 1
25 way 'D' connector detail
Terminal block detail
28 way max
Each way accepting
2- M4 Ring terminals
or
2- 4.8 x 0.8
Snap-on terminals
or
1- Ring+
1- Snap-on terminals
12
27 28
Front view (panel removed)
QTR: Analogue inputs
R B.B: Time synchronisation
AC: oscillography &
communications
Daughter boards:
communication
TMS: Algorithms Standard /O board
Additional /O board
Converter
Panel cut-out detail
411.00
362.60
246.05
116.55
24.20
159.00 168.00
4.50
8 holes 4.4
Figure 17.
Arrangement and outline :
EPAC panel and rack mounting details
This brochure should only be regarded as a guide. t contents do not constitute an offer for sale, nor advice on any application for any product referred to in it. © 1998 ALSTOM T&D Protection & Contrôle SA

N 1.6882-F - 12/98 TRANSCOMP Multimédia - 04 67 92 02 20
ALSTOM T&D Protection & Contrôle - 95, rue de la Banquière - BP 75 - 34975 Lattes Cedex FRANCE
Tél : [phone] - Télex : 485 093 F - Fax : [phone] - E-mail: [email protected]