Anritsu MU181040A User manual

Document No.: M-W2753AE-23.0
ANRITSU CORPORATION
MU181040A
12.5 Gbit/s ED
MU181040B
14 Gbit/s ED
Operation Manual
23rd Edition
•For safety and warning information, please read this
manual before attempting to use the equipment.
•
Additional safety and warning information is provided
in the MP1800A Signal Quality Analyzer
Installation
Guide and the MT1810A 4 Slot Chassis
Installation
Guide. Please also refer to one of these documents
before using the equipment.
•
Keep this manual with the equipment.

ii
Safety Symbols
To prevent the risk of personal injury or loss related to equipment malfunction, Anritsu Corporation uses the
following safety symbols to indicate safety-related information. Ensure that you clearly understand the meanings of
the symbols BEFORE using the equipment. Some or all of the following symbols may be used on all Anritsu
equipment. In addition, there may be other labels attached to products that are not shown in the diagrams in this
manual.
Symbols used in manual
This indicates a very dangerous procedure that could result in serious injury or
death if not performed properly.
This indicates a hazardous procedure that could result in serious injury or death if
not performed properly.
This indicates a hazardous procedure or danger that could result in light-to-severe
injury, or loss related to equipment malfunction, if proper precautions are not taken.
Safety Symbols Used on Equipment and in Manual
The following safety symbols are used inside or on the equipment near operation locations to provide information
about safety items and operation precautions. Ensure that you clearly understand the meanings of the symbols and
take the necessary precautions BEFORE using the equipment.
This indicates a prohibited operation. The prohibited operation is indicated
symbolically in or near the barred circle.
This indicates an obligatory safety precaution. The obligatory operation is
indicated symbolically in or near the circle.
This indicates a warning or caution. The contents are indicated symbolically in or
near the triangle.
This indicates a note. The contents are described in the box.
These indicate that the marked part should be recycled.
MU181040A 12.5 Gbit/s ED
MU181040B 14 Gbit/s ED
Operation Manual
27 November 2006 (First Edition)
25 August 2020 (23rd Edition)
Copyright © 2006-2020, ANRITSU CORPORATION.
All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced without the prior written permission of the
publisher.
The operational instructions of this manual may be changed without prior notice.
Printed in Japan
DANGER
WARNING
CAUTION

iii
Equipment Certificate
Anritsu Corporation certifies that this equipment was tested before shipment
using calibrated measuring instruments with direct traceability to public
testing organizations recognized by national research laboratories, including
the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and
the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and
was found to meet the published specifications.
Anritsu Warranty
Anritsu Corporation will repair this equipment free-of-charge if a malfunction
occurs within one year after shipment due to a manufacturing fault., and
software bug fixes will be performed in accordance with the separate Software
End-User License Agreement, provide, however, that Anritsu Corporation will
deem this warranty void when:
•The fault is outside the scope of the warranty conditions separately
described in the operation manual.
•The fault is due to mishandling, misuse, or unauthorized modification or
repair of the equipment by the customer.
•The fault is due to severe usage clearly exceeding normal usage.
•The fault is due to improper or insufficient maintenance by the customer.
•The fault is due to natural disaster, including fire, wind or flood,
earthquake, lightning strike, or volcanic ash, etc.
•The fault is due to damage caused by acts of destruction, including civil
disturbance, riot, or war, etc.
•The fault is due to explosion, accident, or breakdown of any other
machinery, facility, or plant, etc.
•The fault is due to use of non-specified peripheral or applied equipment
or parts, or consumables, etc.
•The fault is due to use of a non-specified power supply or in a
non-specified installation location.
•The fault is due to use in unusual environments(Note).
•The fault is due to activities or ingress of living organisms, such as
insects, spiders, fungus, pollen, or seeds.
In addition, this warranty is valid only for the original equipment purchaser. It
is not transferable if the equipment is resold.
Anritsu Corporation shall assume no liability for damage or financial loss of the
customer due to the use of or a failure to use this equipment, unless the
damage or loss is caused due to Anritsu Corporation’s intentional or gross
negligence.

iv
Note:
For the purpose of this Warranty, "unusual environments" means use:
•In places of direct sunlight
•In dusty places
•Outdoors
•In liquids, such as water, oil, or organic solvents, and medical fluids, or
places where these liquids may adhere
•In salty air or in place chemically active gases (sulfur dioxide, hydrogen
sulfide, chlorine, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, or hydrogen chloride etc.)
are present
•In places where high-intensity static electric charges or electromagnetic
fields are present
•In places where abnormal power voltages (high or low) or instantaneous
power failures occur
•In places where condensation occurs
•In the presence of lubricating oil mists
•In places at an altitude of more than 2,000 m
•In the presence of frequent vibration or mechanical shock, such as in
cars, ships, or airplanes
Anritsu Corporation Contact
In the event of this equipment malfunctions, please contact an Anritsu
Service and Sales office. Contact information can be found on the last page
of the printed version of this manual, and is available in a separate file on the
PDF version.

v
Notes On Export Management
This product and its manuals may require an Export License/Approval by
the Government of the product's countr
y of origin for re-
export from your
country.
Before re
-
exporting the product or manuals, please contact us to confirm
whet
her they are export-controlled items or not.
When you dispose of export
-
controlled items, the products/manuals need
to be broken/shredded so as not to be unlawfully used for military purpose.

vi
Software End-User License Agreement (EULA)
Please carefully read and accept this Software End-User License Agreement (hereafter this EULA)
before using (includes executing, copying, installing, registering, etc.) this Software (includes programs,
databases, scenarios, etc., used to operate, set, etc., Anritsu electronic equipment, etc.). By using this
Software, you shall be deemed to have agreed to be bound by the terms of this EULA, and Anritsu
Corporation (hereafter Anritsu) hereby grants you the right to use this Software with the
Anritsu-specified equipment (hereafter Equipment) for the purposes set out in this EULA.
Article 1. Grant of License and Limitations
1. You may not to sell, transfer, rent, lease,
lend, disclose, sublicense, or otherwise
distribute this Software to third parties,
whether or not paid therefor.
2. You may make one copy of this Software for
backup purposes only.
3. You are not permitted to reverse engineer,
disassemble, decompile, modify or create
derivative works of this Software.
4. This EULA allows you to install one copy of
this Software on one piece of Equipment.
Article 2. Disclaimers
To the extent not prohibited by law, in no
event shall Anritsu be liable for direct, or
any incidental, special, indirect or
consequential damages whatsoever,
including, without limitation, damages for
loss of profits, loss of data, business
interruption or any other commercial
damages or losses, and damages claimed by
third parties, arising out of or related to your
use or inability to use this Software, unless
the damages are caused due to Anritsu’s
intentional or gross negligence.
Article 3. Limitation of Liability
1. If a fault (bug) is discovered in this Software,
failing this Software to operate as described
in the operation manual or specifications
even though you have used this Software as
described in the manual, Anritsu shall at its
own discretion, fix the bug, or replace the
software, or suggest a workaround,
free-of-charge, provided, however, that the
faults caused by the following items and any
of your lost or damaged data whatsoever
shall be excluded from repair and the
warranty.
i) If this Software is deemed to be used
for purposes not described in the
operation manual or specifications.
ii) If this Software has been used in
conjunction with other
non-Anritsu-approved software.
iii) If this Software or the Equipment has
been modified, repaired, or otherwise
altered without Anritsu's prior
approval.
iv) For any other reasons out of Anritsu's
direct control and responsibility, such
as but not limited to, natural disasters,
software virus infections, or any
devices other than this Equipment, etc.
2. Expenses incurred for transport, hotel, daily
allowance, etc., for on-site repairs or
replacement by Anritsu engineers
necessitated by the above faults shall be
borne by you.
3. The warranty period for faults listed in
Section 1 of this Article shall be either 6
months from the date of purchase of this
Software or 30 days after the date of repair
or replacement, whichever is longer.

vii
Article 4. Export Restrictions
You shall not use or otherwise export or
re-export directly or indirectly this Software
except as authorized by the laws and
regulations of Japan and the United States,
etc. In particular, this Software shall not be
exported or re-exported (a) into any Japan or
US embargoed countries or (b) to anyone
restricted by the Japanese export control
regulations, or the US Treasury
Department's list of Specially Designated
Nationals or the US Department of
Commerce Denied Persons List or Entity
List. In using this Software, you warrant
that you are not located in any such
embargoed countries or on any such lists.
You also agree that you will not use or
otherwise export or re-export this Software
for any purposes prohibited by the Japanese
and US laws and regulations, including,
without limitation, the development, design
and manufacture or production of missiles or
nuclear, chemical or biological weapons of
mass destruction, and conventional
weapons.
Article 5. Change of Terms
Anritsu may change without your approval
the terms of this EULA if the changes are for
the benefit of general customers, or are
reasonable in light of the purpose of this
EULA and circumstances of the changes. At
the time of change, Anritsu will inform you
of those changes and its effective date, as a
general rule 45 days, in advance on its
website, or in writing or by e-mail.
Article 6. Termination
1. Anritsu may terminate this EULA
immediately if you violate any conditions
described herein. This EULA shall also be
terminated immediately by Anritsu if there
is any good reason that it is deemed difficult
to continue this EULA, such as your
violation of Anritsu copyrights, patents, etc.
or any laws and ordinances, or if it turns out
that you belong to an antisocial organization
or has a socially inappropriate relationship
with members of such organization.
2. You and Anritsu may terminate this EULA
by a written notice to the other party 30
days in advance.
Article 7. Damages
If Anritsu suffers any damages or loss,
financial or otherwise, due to your violation
of the terms of this EULA, Anritsu shall
have the right to seek proportional damages
from you.
Article 8. Responsibility after Termination
Upon termination of this EULA in
accordance with Article 6, you shall cease all
uses of this Software immediately and shall
as directed by Anritsu either destroy or
return this Software and any backup copies,
full or partial, to Anritsu.
Article 9. Negotiation for Dispute
Resolution
If matters of interpretational dispute or
items not covered under this EULA arise,
they shall be resolved by negotiations in
good faith between you and Anritsu.
Article 10. Governing Law and Court of
Jurisdiction
This EULA shall be governed by and
interpreted in accordance with the laws of
Japan without regard to the principles of the
conflict of laws thereof, and any disputes
arising from or in relation to this EULA that
cannot be resolved by negotiation described
in Article 9 shall be subject to and be settled
by the exclusive agreed jurisdiction of the
Tokyo District Court of Japan.
Revision History:
February 29th, 2020

viii
RCM Conformity Marking
Anritsu affixes the RCM marking on the following product(s) in accordance
with the regulation to indicate that they conform to the EMC framework of
Australia/New Zealand.
RCM marking
1. Product Model
Plug-in Units: MU181040A 12.5 Gbit/s ED
MU181040B 14 Gbit/s ED
2. Applied Standards
When the MU181040A 12.5 Gbit/s ED or MU181040B 14 Gbit/s ED is
installed in the MP1800A or MT1810A, the applied directive and
standards of this unit conform to those of the MP1800A or MT1810A main
frame.
PS: About main frame
Please contact Anritsu for the latest information on the main frame
types that MU181040A/B can be used with.

I
About This Manual
A testing system combining an MP1800A Signal Quality Analyzer or
MT1810A 4 Slot Chassis mainframe, module(s), and control software is
called a Signal Quality Analyzer Series. The operation manuals of the
Signal Quality Analyzer Series consist of separate documents for the
installation guide, the mainframe, remote control operation, module(s),
and control software, as shown below.
Installation guide from module installation
to the start of use. The Installation Guide
varies depending on the mainframe used.
Configuration of Signal Quality
Analyzer Series Operation Manual
Mainframe Operation Manual
Remote Control Operation Manual
indicates this document.
Installation Guide
Control Software Operation Manual
MU181040A 12.5 Gbit/s ED
MU181040B 14 Gbit/s ED
Operation Manual
Module Operation Manual
Describes basic operations of the
mainframe. The Mainframe Operation
Manual varies depending on the mainframe
used.
Describes remote control using the GPIB
interface and LAN interface.
Operation manual for the module. The
Module Operation Manual varies
depending on the module(s) used.
Describes how the MU181040A/B is
configured as well as how to operate and
maintain it.
Operation manual of the software that
controls the Signal Quality Analyzer Series.

II
Table of Contents
About This Manual........................................ I
Chapter 1 Overview.................................... 1-1
1.1 Product Overview.......................................................... 1-2
1.2 Product Composition..................................................... 1-3
1.3 Specifications................................................................ 1-7
Chapter 2 Preparation before Use ............ 2-1
2.1 Installation to Signal Quality Analyzer .......................... 2-2
2.2 How to Operate Application .......................................... 2-2
2.3 Preventing Damage ...................................................... 2-3
Chapter 3 Panel Layout and Connectors . 3-1
3.1 Panel Layout ................................................................. 3-2
3.2 Inter-Module Connection............................................... 3-3
Chapter 4 Configuration of Setup Dialog
Box............................................. 4-1
4.1 Configuration of Entire Setup Dialog Box ..................... 4-2
4.2 Operation Tab Windows ............................................... 4-3

III
Chapter 5 Operation Method ..................... 5-1
5.1 Displaying Measurement Result ................................... 5-3
5.2 Setting Measurement Conditions.................................. 5-38
5.3 Setting Test Patterns .................................................... 5-43
5.4 Setting Input Interface................................................... 5-81
5.5 Capturing Test Patterns................................................ 5-92
5.6 Misc Function................................................................ 5-102
5.7 Executing Auto Search ................................................. 5-113
5.8 Executing Auto Adjust................................................... 5-116
5.9 ISI Measurement Function............................................ 5-118
5.10 Eye Margin Measurement............................................. 5-125
5.11 Eye Diagram Measurement .......................................... 5-135
5.12 Q Analysis Function ...................................................... 5-165
5.13 Bathtub Function........................................................... 5-181
5.14 Multi Channel Function ................................................. 5-192
Chapter 6 Measurement Example............. 6-1
6.1 Measuring Optical Transceiver Module (error rate
measurement using PRBS pattern) .............................. 6-2
6.2 Measuring 1:4 DEMUX (reception of 40 Gbit/s PRBS
pattern using four MU181040A units)........................... 6-5
6.3 Burst Measurement....................................................... 6-9
6.4 ONU-OLT Uplink Test (Burst signal error rate
measurement)............................................................... 6-12
Chapter 7 Performance Test ..................... 7-1
7.1 Overview ....................................................................... 7-2
7.2 Devices Required for Performance Tests..................... 7-3
7.3 Performance Test Items................................................ 7-4

IV.
Chapter 8 Maintenance.............................. 8-1
8.1 Daily Maintenance ........................................................ 8-2
8.2 Cautions on Storage ..................................................... 8-2
8.3 Transportation............................................................... 8-3
8.4 Calibration..................................................................... 8-3
8.5 Disposal ........................................................................ 8-4
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting ....................... 9-1
9.1 Problems Discovered during Module Replacement ..... 9-2
9.2 Handling Suspected Failure.......................................... 9-3
Appendix A Pseudo-Random Pattern........ A-1
Appendix B List of Initial Settings ............. B-1
Appendix C Setting Restrictions................ C-1
Appendix D Performance Test
Result Sheet............................ D-1

1-1
Chapter 1
Overview
This chapter provides an overview of the MU181040A 12.5 Gbit/s ED
and the MU181040B 14Gbit/s ED (hereinafter, referred to as
“MU181040A”).
However, this document only explains the MU181040A, unless there is a
special item.
1.1 Product Overview ......................................................... 1-2
1.2 Product Composition .................................................... 1-3
1.2.1 Standard composition....................................... 1-3
1.2.2 Options ............................................................. 1-4
1.2.3 Application parts ............................................... 1-6
1.3 Specifications................................................................ 1-7
1.3.1 Specifications for MU181040A ......................... 1-7
1.3.2 Specifications for MU181040B ....................... 1-20

Chapter 1 Overview
1-2
1.1 Product Overview
The MU181040A is a plug-in module that can be built into a Signal
Quality Analyzer Series mainframe. It can measure a variety of
patterns within the operating frequency range, including PRBS, Data,
Zero-Substitution, Mixed, and Sequence patterns.
Various option configurations are available for the MU181040A. This
module is therefore useful for research, development, and production of
various types of digital communication equipment, modules, and devices.
The features of the MU181040A are as follows:
Capable of measuring PRBS, Data, Zero-Substitution, Mixed, and
Sequence patterns.
Provides a large amount of user-programmable patterns (128 Mbits)
Supports a variety of applications such as research, development, and
production of devices, by installing options.
Flexible for functional expansion in the future, by installing additional
options.
Devices up to 25Gbit/s can be evaluated using two MU181040A
modules and up to 28Gbit/s using two MU181040B modules.
Devices up to 50Gbit/s can be evaluated using four MU181040A
modules and up to 56Gbit/s using four MU181040B modules.

1.2 Product Composition
1-3
1.2 Product Composition
1.2.1 Standard composition
Table 1.2.1-1 and Table 1.2.1-2 show the standard compositions of
MU181040A/B.
Table 1.2.1-1 Standard composition of MU181040A
Item Model name Product name Q’ty Remarks
Mainframe MU181040A 12.5 Gbit/s ED 1
Accessories Z0897A MP1800A Manual CD 1 CD-ROM version
Z0918A MX180000A Software CD 1 CD-ROM version
Table 1.2.1-2 Standard composition of MU181040B
Item Model name Product name Q’ty Remarks
Mainframe MU181040B 14 Gbit/s ED 1
Accessories Z0897A MP1800A Manual CD 1 CD-ROM version
Z0918A MX180000A Software CD 1 CD-ROM version

Chapter 1 Overview
1-4
1.2.2 Options
Table 1.2.2-1 and Table 1.2.2-2 show the options for the MU181040A/B.
Table 1.2.2-3 and Table 1.2.2-4 show the Accessories for options for the
MU181040A/B. All options are sold separately.
Table 1.2.2-1 Options for MU181040A
Model name Product name Remarks
MU181040A-001 9.8 to 12.5 Gbit/s Cannot be installed together with
MU181040A-002.
MU181040A-002 0.1 to 12.5 Gbit/s Cannot be installed together with
MU181040A-001.
MU181040A-x20 Clock recovery Can be installed when MU181040A-002
is installed.
MU181040A-x30 Clock phase variable Can be installed when MU181040A-002
is installed.
Table 1.2.2-2 Options for MU181040B
Model name Product name Remarks
MU181040B-002 0.1 to 14 Gbit/s Necessary option
MU181040B-003* 14.05Gbit/s Extension
MU181040B-005* 14.1Gbit/s Extension
MU181040B-x20 Clock recovery Can be installed when MU181040B-002
is installed.
MU181040B-x30 Clock phase variable Can be installed when MU181040B-002
is installed.
Note:
Option name format is as follows:
Indicates function.
This value is recognized by the mainframe.
A
nritsu management number.
This value is not recognized by the mainframe.
MU181040A- x x x
*: Notes on MU181040B Option Model Display
The model and name of the MU181040B-003 option and
MU181040B-005 option are recorded on the front panel of each
module. Although the screen displaying the option details using
software indicates MU181040B-02 (0.1 to 14 Gbit/s) the assured
operating bit rates are actually 0.1 to 14.05 Gbit/s or 0.1 to 14.1
Gbit/s.

1.2 Product Composition
1-5
Table 1.2.2-3 Standard Accessories for MU181040A Options
Applicable Option Model name/
symbol Product name Q’ty Remarks
MU181040A-001 J1341A Open 2
MU181040A-002 J1137 Terminator 2
J1359A Coaxial adapter (compatible
among K-P, K-J, SMA-)
2
J1341A Open 3
MU181040A-x20 J1137 Terminator 1
Table 1.2.2-4 Standard Accessories for MU181040B Options
Applicable Option Model name/
symbol Product name Q’ty Remarks
MU181040B-002 J1137 Terminator 2
J1359A Coaxial adapter (compatible
among K-P, K-J, SMA-)
2
J1341A Open 3
MU181040B-x20 J1137 Terminator 1

Chapter 1 Overview
1-6
1.2.3 Application parts
Table 1.2.3-1 and Table 1.2.3-2 shows the application parts for the
MU181040A/B. All application parts are sold separately.
Table 1.2.3-1 Application parts for MU181040A
Model name/
symbol Product name Remarks
J1360A Measurement kit Coaxial cable 0.8 m 2
Coaxial cable 1.0 m 1
J1343A Coaxial cable, 1 m SMA connector
J1342A Coaxial cable, 0.8 m APC3.5 connector
Z0306A Wrist strap
J1137 Terminator
J1359A Coaxial adapter (compatible among
K-P, K-J, and SMA)
W2753AE Operation manual Printed version
J1678A ESD Protection Adapter-K K connector
Table 1.2.3-2 Application parts for MU181040B
Model name/
symbol Product name Remarks
J1360A Measurement kit Coaxial cable 0.8 m 2
Coaxial cable 1.0 m 1
J1343A Coaxial cable, 1 m SMA connector
J1342A Coaxial cable, 0.8 m APC3.5 connector
Z0306A Wrist strap
J1137 Terminator
J1359A Coaxial adapter (compatible among
K-P, K-J, and SMA)
W2753AE Operation manual Printed version
J1678A ESD Protection Adapter-K K connector

1.3 Specifications
1-7
1.3 Specifications
1.3.1 Specifications for MU181040A
Table 1.3.1-1 Specifications for MU181040A
Item Specifications Remarks
Operating bit rate 9.8 to 12.5 Gbit/s When
MU181040A
-001 is
installed
Resolution 1 kbits step
Clock source Recovered Clock
Rated frequency selection 10 GFC over FEC, 10 GbE over FEC, OTU2,
G975 FEC, 10 GFC, 10 GbE, and OC192/STM64
can be set.
Lock range for clock data
recovery
500 ppm
External clock input
Operating frequency range 0.1 to 12.5 GHz When
MU181040A
-002 is
installed
Clock source External clock and Recovered clock can be set. When
MU181040A
-x20 is
installed
Rated frequency selection 10GFC over FEC, 10GbE over FEC, OTU2, G975
FEC, 10GFC, 10GbE, OC192/STM64, SATA
6Gb/s, PCI Express II, 4GFC, XAUI, SATA
3Gb/s, OTU1, PCI Express I, OC48/STM16,
2GFC, SATA1.5Gb/s, GbE, 1GFC, OC12/STM4,
OC3/STM1 can be set.
Pattern Sequence Repeat/Burst
PRBS Pattern length 2n1 (n = 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, 20, 23, 31)
Mark ratio 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 0/8, 1/2 INV, 3/4, 7/8, 8/8
Number of AND
bit shifts at the
mark ratio
1 bit/3 bits (at 1/4, 3/4, 7/8, 1/8)
Zero
Substitution
Pattern sequence 2nor 2n–1
Additional Bit 1 or 0 (when 2nis set for Pattern sequence)
Pattern length 2n (n = 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, 20, 23)
2n–1 (n = 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, 20, 23)
Successive-zeros
bit length
1 to “pattern length – 1” bits can be inserted.
Data Pattern length 2 to 134,217,728 bits, in 1-bit steps
In the case of 2 Ch Combination:
4 to 268,435,456 bits, in 2-bit steps
In the case of 4 Ch Combination:
8 to 536,870,912 bits, in 4-bit steps

Chapter 1 Overview
1-8
Table 1.3.1-1 Specifications for MU181040A (Cont’d)
Item Specifications Remarks
Mixed Number of blocks
1 to the smallest number among a to d, below, in
1-block steps
a) 511
b) INT (128 Mbits x/(Number of rows Data
Length’))
where Data Length’ is:
- When Data Length is indivisible by (128 x)
=(INT(Data Length/(128
x)) +1) 128 x
- When Data Length is divisible by (128 x)
=DataLength
The maximum number of blocks fulfilling the
following formula applies:
Data Length’ Number of rows Number of
blocks 128 Mbits
c) INT((128 Mbits +231) x/(Row Length 
Number of rows))
where x is:
1 for Independent
2 for 2 Ch Combination
4 for 4 Ch Combination
d) (Row Length Data Length) Number of
blocks 2^31(2147483648)
Pattern Data
Pattern Length Data length: 512 to 134 217 728 bits, in 1-bit
steps
In the case of 2 Ch Combination:
1 024 to 268 435 456 bits, in 2-bit steps (Data)
In the case of 4 Ch Combination:
2 048 to 536 870 912 bits, in 4-bit steps (Data)
PRBS length: 2n–1 (n = 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, 20, 23,
31)
Row Length 768 to 2 281 701 376 bits, in 128-bit steps
In the case of 2 Ch Combination:
1 536 to 4 563 402 752 bits, in 256-bit steps
In the case of 4 Ch Combination:
3 072 to 9 126 805 504 bits, in 512-bit steps