APPLIED ACOUSTICS CSPP User manual

CSPP Capacitor Charging Unit
Operation Manual
CSP-CSPP-8000/2

CSPP Capacitor Charging Unit Operation Manual
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Table of Contents
SECTION 1 - OPERATIONAL
1. Environmental Considerations
5
2. Introduction
6
3. Installation
7
4. Operation
14
5. Operator Controls and Indicators
17
6. End of Life Recycling / Disposal
21
7. Specifications
22
SECTION 2 - TROUBLESHOOTING
1. Introduction
25
2. Circuits and Descriptions
26
3. High Voltage on Circuit
31
4. Repair & Fault finding on CSP Power Supplies
33
5. CSP Basic Fault Diagnosis
34
6. Troubleshooting Guide
37
7. Changing a Thyristor „Module‟ in the Field
40
SECTION 3 –CIRCUIT AND BLOCK DIAGRAMS
1.Introduction
43
2.Circuit and Block Diagram Index
43
Thank you for choosing Applied Acoustic Engineering as one of your subsea equipment suppliers.
We hope you experience many years of reliable operational use from our products.
If you do encounter any technical issues with any of our products then please don‟t hesitate to
contact our Technical Team via the following methods.
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Applied Acoustic Engineering Ltd has made every effort to ensure that the information contained in this
manual is correct at time of print. However our policy of continual product improvement means that we
cannot assume liability for any errors which may occur.
These written instructions must be followed fully for reliable and safe operation of the equipment that
this manual refers to. Applied Acoustic Engineering Ltd cannot be held responsible for any issues
arising from the improper use or maintenance of equipment referred to in this manual or failure of the
operator to adhere to the instructions laid out in this manual. The user must be familiar with the
contents of this manual before use or operation.

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WARNING
Information in this manual is copyright 1993 –2008, Applied Acoustic Engineering Ltd.
This manual is loaned without other consideration than the agreement and condition that it is not
to be reproduced, copied or otherwise disposed of directly, and is not to be used in whole or in
part to assist in or to furnish any information for the making of drawings, prints, apparatus or parts
thereof.
THIS EQUIPMENT CONTAINS LETHAL VOLTAGES,AND MUST
BE EARTHED AT ALL TIMES.
ENSURE ADEQUATE SAFETY PROCEDURES ARE EMPLOYED.

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SECTION 1 - OPERATIONAL
1. Environmental Considerations
Seismic Sound Sources And Marine Life
Although not proven, there is concern in some quarters that marine mammals may be harmed or
their behaviour changed by seismic activity. The sound pulses from sparkers and boomers is much
lower in amplitude and higher in frequency (so it will travel less far) than air guns. However it
makes sense that a precautionary approach to emitting sounds in the whales and dolphins‟ natural
habitat should be observed.
The CSP energy sources described in this manual have the ability to “soft-start” and increase the
energy emitted in the water slowly over time and this technique will give any marine mammals
nearby the opportunity to escape before maximum signal amplitude is reached. It will also give
them a chance to get used to the noise if they choose to stay (!) rather than being subjected to a
sudden shock of a full power seismic signal.
The procedure is quite simple:-
By using a slow repetition rate –say at 1 pulse per 15 seconds and by using the “Auto” charge
rate, the energy will slowly increase over the course of several minutes. Once full power has been
achieved, the repetition rate can then be slowly increased until the rate desired for the survey has
been achieved.
Another factor to consider is to ensure that the start of any survey line is not in such a location that
any cetacean is trapped by the vessel and the noise, for example in a small harbour. In such an
instance, the survey should start in such a place that any cetacean in the vicinity has a clear and
rapid means of escape into open water and away from any unnatural noise source. Further details
and advice can be obtained from the following web site: -
http://www.jncc.gov.uk/pdf/Seismic_survey_guidelines_200404.pdf. This web site refers to UK
waters and relates to air guns as the sound source (in many ways different to a sparker or
boomer), but should serve as a useful guide nonetheless.

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2. Introduction
This manual covers the CSP-P model available from AAE. The CSP-P is based on the highly
proven CSP-300, the CSP-P has a high voltage charger rated at 1500 joules per second, and can
supply up to 350 joules of energy per shot into boomer and sparker loads. The CSP-P allows the
user to select a greater number of power levels than previous models; this can effectively tune the
source to the desired frequency response.
All CSP power supplies across the range incorporate many common parts and can be considered
essentially similar with varying power capabilities. All units feature a switchable soft start „power
save‟ circuit; AVIP (Automatic Variable Input Power) which allows the units to be operated from
reduced generator sizes when operating at low output powers.
Traditional high voltage power supplies (bang boxes) will charge the energy storage capacitors at a
fixed high rate for example at 1500J per second even when the average energy drawn from the
capacitors is less; a typical example may be 100 J at 3 pps (300J). This results in a rapid capacitor
charge rate for 67 mS followed by nothing, until the next discharge / charge cycle. This charge / no
charge operation can often result in generator hunting as the load changes, and may mean that a
larger generator is needed than would be the case if the power requirement was averaged over
time. By reducing the peak charge rate, the generator hunting is all but eliminated, and a smaller
capacity generator is required. The AVIP circuitry will automatically adjust charge rate from 20% to
100% of specification, thus lowering the peak charge rate to just 300 J / second compared to
bursts of 1500J/second. The circuitry also features a soft start function, which may take around 20
seconds before the charge rate is ramped up to the correct amount for the task in hand.
The CSP-P allows the user to effectively „tune‟ the sound source to operate at a lower frequency
by lowering the operating voltage and increasing the capacitance to supply the correct energy to
the sound source. This may be effective in certain instances where more penetration is required.
The CSP-P monitors the output of the system for open circuit fault conditions and over current fault
conditions, limited to approx 4000A.

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3. Installation
Siting the CSP-P
The CSP-P units can deliver high energy, high voltage pulses, yet still emit minimal electrical
emissions, and so can carry the CE mark.
The CE marking ensure that the CSP-P‟s can be sited next to sensitive electronic equipment which
carry their own CE marking (for susceptibility to emissions) and will be unlikely to cause them
interference. However it is often more convenient to locate the CSP-P‟s nearer to the back deck
and the deployment area so that the high voltage „output‟ cable run is minimised.
As high voltages are present, the CSP-P‟s must be located away from water spray and
condensation, in an environment which is not allowed to become too hot. Care should be taken to
allow safe and easy access, and that high voltage cables are out of harm‟s way. It should also be
possible to switch off the unit quickly without having to reach over it!
Ventilation should also be present. All units draw air in from the front and exhaust air from the rear.
For operation in high ambient temperatures, the rear cover of the transit case should be removed
to allow a good air flow.
If condensation is allowed to develop serious damage may occur. Good room ventilation should be
ensured, with no sudden change in temperature (i.e. bringing the unit into a warm room from a cold
area) and allow the fans to operate for 10 - 15 minutes before switching on the high voltage.

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Earthing
All CSP-P‟s MUST be earthed. The M8 earth bolt on the front panel should be connected to the
vessel earth by a heavy gauge wire or cable. On larger ships, earth is usually a steel bulkhead, but
for smaller fibre glass / wooden vessels a sea earth is necessary. A sea earth can be constructed
from a 25 mm2 or larger copper cable with 1 –2 metres of insulation stripped off with the entire
exposed copper conductor in the water. A weight will be required to ensure that the sea earth cable
is in the water at all time during towing activity even during heavy roll.
It is recommended that earthing arrangements are checked regularly as corrosion or abrasion (or
metal cutting gear!) can cause damage which may result in the equipment becoming unsafe from
having an ineffective earth.
The CSP-P range of Capacitor Discharge PSUs is compact and easy to operate. However, the
units still generate lethal voltages, and the operators should make themselves aware of all
necessary safety procedures. The equipment is designed so that there is no need for the operator
to go inside for anything, except major repairs. We cannot be liable for any consequences should
the units be opened. Health and Safety guidelines and our own Safety Policy strongly suggest that
factory training is received before opening the top cover.
This manual is supplied in three parts:
Section 1
Basic operation information details.
Section 2
For manufacturer trained technicians
only and provides troubleshooting
advice, schematics and circuit
descriptions.
Section 3
Provides block and circuit diagrams.

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Installation
The CSP-P Unit will normally be supplied from the factory in a „Hardigg‟ transit case. As is the case
with all electronic equipment, care should be exercised in handling. For maximum airflow in high
ambient temperatures it is recommended that the anti-vibration housing rear panel be removed.
The CSP-P should be positioned on its base in a dry ventilated area. If the unit is to be operated in
very warm ambient temperature (25°C or above), for optimum performance an air conditioned
environment is strongly advised. If the unit overheats, it will switch OFF for a few minutes until it is
cool.
Although the unit produces minimal interference, and carries a CE mark, it is often good practice to
put the CSP-P away from the navigation and survey equipment and somewhere where cabling to
the sound source can be run conveniently and safely. It is this cabling which is the most common
source of electrical interference.
EARTHING - FURTHER REMINDER
THIS UNIT MUST BE EARTHED / GROUNDED BEFORE ANY POWER IS APPLIED. FAILURE
TO DO SO MAY REPRESENT A SEVERE HAZARD TO BOTH EQUIPMENT AND
PERSONNEL.
The front of the CSP-P must be grounded to the ship‟s ground system. This is achieved by
attaching a short length of thick wire or earth braid from the CSP-P front panel earth stud, to an
appropriate earthing point on the vessel. If a suitable earth cannot be found, the CSP-P earth stud
should be connected directly to the water using an adequate length of heavy wire, with the
insulation removed from the submerged end in the water. A weight will also be necessary to keep
the wire submerged when the vessel is underway.
Output Cable Connection
ENSURE POWER TO UNIT IS TURNED OFF BEFORE ANY CONNECTIONS ARE MADE.
Connect the high voltage cable to the CSP-P front panel using the high voltage connector. The HV
connector has 2 small sensing pins which will deactivate the high voltage if mains power is applied
without the connector in place. Ensure the HV connector is fully mated to the unit. The two larger
sockets should never be at a high potential but it makes sense never to attempt to touch these.
If you have our HV junction box, the two conductors of the acoustic source - boomer plate or
sparker should be connected to this before connecting to the CSP-P. The terminal wing nuts
should be tightened onto clean copper or tinned copper terminals. A good connection is necessary
as high currents pass through these terminals. Ensure that the +ve or red terminal is connected to
the + mark inside the HV Junction box. The black or –ve terminal should be connected to the –
mark inside the HV junction Box. Ensure that the microswitch „clicks‟ when the top cover is
secured. The HV Junction Box can be bulkhead mounted before the cover is secured. In the
situation of the power cable / sound source being caught on an object, the HV cable is pulled from
the HV Junction Box, rather than the CSP-P unit being pulled onto the floor.

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Output Cable Connection Cont
The junction box is usually supplied with a 1.5 metre lead, terminated in our HV connector. The
junction box is fitted with a microswitch which is connected to sense pins in the HV plug, ie
deactivating the high voltage charger if the lid is removed and the „INTERLOCK‟ light will
illuminate.
Line Voltage Connection
Mains input is connected by the 3-Pin Amphenol on the left of the front panel. Nominal input
voltage is 230VAC 45-65 Hz. The wiring to this connector is as follows:-
A
Ground / Earth
B
Neutral
C
Live
If a ready-wired plug is supplied, it will be supplied from the factory with the following colour
coding:-
Green/Yellow
Earth
Blue
Neutral
Brown
Live
The operator must ensure that the ac supply is capable of supplying sufficient energy to power the
CSP-P unit. Although the unit will operate from most generators of 3 kVA, the quality and
regulation vary considerably from make to make and how well they have been maintained. We
have used 3.5 kVA generators without problems. A voltage stabiliser is not necessary as any
reasonable variation of the AC supply will not affect the output voltage (hence power) unlike older
designs.
NB Some „inverter‟ type generators do not work well with CSP-P units.

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The AVIP technology inside the unit can be utilised to reduce the generator requirements. The
CHARGE RATE switch has two positions (Located on rear panel)
IN : High Charge rate.
The charger delivers the full charge rate (1650 J/sec peak) on demand to charge
the storage capacitors.
OUT : Auto Charge rate.
The AVIP (Automatic Variable Input Power) circuitry is operational. This adjusts the
charge rate automatically to suit the capacitor selection and the repetition rate used,
and ensures that a constant current is drawn from the AC mains supply. It is a soft
start circuit and adjusts the charge rate by 5% per sample; a sample occurs each
trigger pulse. AVIP will adjust the charge rate from 20% to 98%, thus allowing 100J
3pps operation from a 500 VA generator. Note that it can take up to 16 samples for
the charge rate to be set to the correct amount.
AC Power Requirements
Voltage ratings are quoted elsewhere in this manual.
Typical Currents
At 1500J at 1 pps (AVIP out of circuit); Non PFC charger, the following currents apply:-
Voltage
Peak Current
Average Current
110 VAC 50 Hz
28A
19.7A
240 VAC 50 Hz
19.5A
7.9A
(At 60 Hz, the peak currents are slightly smaller)
To see clearly the effect of the AVIP board the following measurements are typical:-
240 VAC at 50 Hz supply. 100J at 1 pps output power
Peak Current
Average Current
AVIP IN
2.58A
1.06A
AVIP OUT
9.51A
1.11A

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Line Voltage Derating
The capability of the HV charger to deliver energy to the load (storage capacitors) reduces with
reduced line voltage as the following tables apply.
240 V Models
Line Voltage
Charge Rate
180 VAC
1250 J/second
200 VAC
1400 J/second
210 VAC
>1500 J/second
115 V Models
Line Voltage
Charge Rate
100 - 115 VAC
1300 J/second
116 –130 VAC
>1500 J/second
You may notice that the low line voltages above are below those specified in the rear of this
manual under „specifications‟ The above tables denote the ability of the charger to perform under
certain line voltage conditions, and not the complete system. We do not recommend operating the
CSP-P units below the minimum voltages listed in the specification section of this manual.

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FURTHER REMINDER
If the unit has recently been moved from a cold environment to a warm one, condensation may
have developed, which may cause arcing in high voltage equipment. The operator is advised to
switch the unit on and run the fans for 10-15 minutes before allowing the high voltage to be
switched on. This will allow the unit to warm up to the room temperature, and any condensation
will disperse.
Power Up
When suitably connected to ground, the transducer and AC mains, and the transducer is in the
water, the power can be applied using the ON / OFF switch and circuit breaker. The fans will run,
and the HV OFF / RESET button will illuminate. Select the appropriate power output required and
press the RESET button to reset the internal circuitry. Press the HV ON button: there will be a
small delay before the HV relays engage, and then the high voltage will come on as indicated by
the illuminated HV ON switch. Any changes in system parameters (such as power change) will
cause the HV to switch OFF, and the unit will need to be RESET before the HV can be switched on
again. If the INTERLOCK indicator illuminates, check the HV plug / HV junction box.
Trigger Input
Trigger input is by BNC connector. The unit accepts +ve trigger (triggers on rising edge) 5 - 20
volts. Opto-isolated, or by contact closure, as controlled by the KEY switch. (OUT for +ve key, IN
for contact closure.) The manual key button can be used too and this also shows, by illumination,
when a key pulse has been accepted. (A lockout circuit limits the unit to around 6PPS maximum.)
Local / Remote
The LOCAL / REMOTE switch allows connection of remote box for operation from the laboratory or
instrument room. Using the remote box is achieved by turning the LOCAL / REMOTE switch to
remote. The high voltage can only be turned on from the instrument room and not from the CSP-D
Unit. The high voltage OFF button is operational from the CSP-D Unit and remote box. The CSP
Unit can also be keyed from the remote box via a BNC socket. The remote also monitors the
status of the key detect circuitry, and the key
LED will only illuminate on reception of a valid key pulse within the CSP-D itself, thus the
operator can also see if the interconnection cable is OK. The remote also has a FAULT LED, as
well as high voltage ON and high voltage OFF indicators.
LOCAL Operation indicated by LED on –Switch OUT.
REMOTE Operation indicated by LED out –switch IN

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4. Operation
Operation of the CSP-P is similar to previous versions of the CSP.
Installation check-list:-
a) The sound source (boomer plate or sparker) has been connected and that it is in the water.
b) A key pulse is connected –either through the front panel BNC connector or through the
remote input.
c) A good earth has been connected from the „Safety Earth‟ bolt on the front panel preferably
to both the ship and a sea earth.
d) AC mains is connected to the „Mains Input‟ connector.
e) A safety check has been carried out to ensure that there is no-one in the water and that
crew members know that the unit is about to be operated.
Once switched on, the „HV OFF / RESET‟ button must be pressed to reset any fault latches and
the light behind the „Manual Key‟ button is flashing in sequence with the key input signal. The
output power can now be selected by using the Power Select rotary switch. The HV / RESET light
will illuminate upon a change in power setting press reset if required. Once the appropriate setting
has been made, the HV can be energised –press the „HV ON‟ button.
A series of up to 2 clicks will be heard
depending on the energy selected as the
relays switch in circuit. Once these relays have
engaged, the high voltage is enabled. The HV
ON lamp is illuminated followed by the End of
charge lamp. This indicates that the HV is
ready to be discharged into the load upon
reception of a key pulse.
If either of the power level switches is moved
or if the HV off/reset button is pressed, the unit will shut down safely. In an emergency, the red
„STOP‟ button can be pressed.
The maximum repetition rate is governed by the charge rate (1500 Joules per second) and the
amount of capacitance selected. For example, at 300J / shot the CSP-P models will run at 4 PPS ,
allowing for system overhead time.

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Energy Settings
CSP-P
SWITCH POSITION
OUTPUT POWER
1
50J
2
100J
3
150J
4
200J
5
250J
6
300J
7
350J
Operation of the CSP-P with a boomer sound source
A boomer plate as a sound source produces a single pulse and the amplitude and duration of this
pulse is controlled by the energy going into it. The energy is derived from the voltage and the
quantity of energy stored in the CSP unit. The voltage applied varies from 2.5KV to 3.9KV across
the range using 2 capacitors.
Load Specifications
The CSP-P units are designed to deliver high currents into boomer or sparker type loads. The
loads are quite different in make-up.
Boomer Load
A boomer plate consists of a coil imbedded in an epoxy or plastic material and thus by its nature is
an inductive load. The inductive „kickback‟ is controlled by circuitry inside the CSP. Typical currents
into a boomer plate are listed below:-
Energy (HI)
AA200 Plate
EG+G Uniboom
100J
800A
900A
200J
1050A
1200A
300J
1250A
1350A
The currents will vary according to the length and type of cable used between the load and the
energy source. Note that the CSP-P units are specified for AAE and EG+G boomer plates and
have not –to date- been tested with any other type.
Ensure that the energy and repetition rate do not over drive the sound source ! (boomer plate -
check the boomer plate manual).

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Sparker power settings with CSP-P units
AAE Sparker Model
Number
Typical Input Energy
(Joules)
Squid 500
300 –350
Sparker Load
A sparker consists of a number of electrodes in the (salt) water which creates a sound pulse as the
plasma bubble expands. The current into a sparker varies with cable length and type as well as by
the number of tips and the salinity of the water. Typical values are shown below for AAE sparkers
in standard seawater with a salinity of 35 ppm.
Energy
Squid 500 (60 tips)
100J
1000A
Dummy Load
AAE manufacture a dummy load with precisely designed characteristics which can be used for
testing of CSP-D units in the workshop to avoid „water based dummy loads‟ such as dustbins full of
salt water etc!
Please check with other sparker manufacturers whether their sparkers are compatible with the
specifications laid out in this manual.

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5. Operator Controls and Indicators
MAINS POWER Switch
Double pole switch that also acts as an over current circuit breaker. It is situated by the mains input
connector. The switch has standard O I positions.
EMERGENCY STOP Switch
In the event of an emergency the unit can be shut down. This switch shuts off the control logic of
the charger thus disabling the system. Rotate to reset.
HV OFF/RESET Switch
Needs to be pressed if fault occurs, or if someone has tampered with the controls. This button also
operates as the HV OFF button. Press to switch OFF.
HV ON Switch
Switches in capacitors and HV PSU, (note delays on switching), switch illuminates when the high
voltage is switched on operated in conjunction with the HV ENABLE key switch, thus to switch HV
ON, HV ENABLE needs to be enabled simultaneously.
MANUAL KEY Switch
Triggers CSP unit when pressed. Also illuminates when an external key pulse is detected
KEY POLARITY Switch
Used to select either:
+ve key pulse (3.5 –20 volts, opto isolated triggers 0.5 mS from rising edge), or
contact closure (triggers 0.5 mS from falling edge or closure - not isolated).
LOCAL / REMOTE Switch
Controls whether an external remote box can be used, as marked on the front panel.
Note that the unit can be switched off from the front panel and the remote at any time.
CHARGE RATE Switch (Located on rear panel)
As previously described, this switch selects the AVIP circuitry or full charge.
Recommended position : Out (AVIP Engaged)

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Indicators
EOC (End Of Charge) Indicator
LED illuminated when the storage capacitors have reached their potential voltage (~2.5 to 4 kV).
In this way the operator can see if the unit is being run faster than the charger can cope with. If the
operator notices loss of data on the recording system, it may mean the CSP-P is being fired too
quickly, not allowing the capacitors to charge to their full potential. Slowing the repetition rate down
until the EOC LED flashes will ensure the appropriate voltage is reached across the storage
capacitors, also the correct energy is being discharged in the sound source.
FAULT Indicator
This indicator will normally illuminate when the unit is powered up, and will extinguish when the
RESET button is pressed. It will otherwise illuminate during most faults. Please note that the fault
light will not illuminate if the thermal cut-out operates in the charger module.
INTERLOCK Indicator
Illuminated if front panel connector is left out when the unit is switched ON or if the lid of the HV
junction box has not been closed correctly. The interlock LED will also illuminate if the top cover is
removed. You will need to press RESET once the interlock condition has been cured.
TIME OUT Indicator
For safety, the HV is switched OFF after a period of approximately 25 - 30 seconds without key.
This also helps preserve the capacitors, as all pulse discharge capacitors are not designed to sit
powered up indefinitely.
HV FAULT Indicator
Indicates an output overvoltage, (possibly due to an open circuit capacitor), temperature fault or
low input voltage condition.
LOAD FAULT Indicator
Indicates an HV Output over current or open circuit condition. The indicator will be illuminated
together with the HV OFF LED for 10secs before resetting.

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Connectors
Mains Input
200 –250 VAC mains input. Connection details are supplied elsewhere in this manual.
Remote
Allows operator to remotely control CSP-P.
HV Output
4 pin proprietary connector. Using our HV2 plug, the large connector pins are proof tested to 6000
volts and can operate with current pulses up to 6000 amps. The two small pins are used as
interlock pins. If these are left open circuit, the CSP-P will not be able to enable the high voltage
(INTERLOCK fault).
Trigger Input
The trigger input is connected via a BNC socket.
Rear Panel
Fuses
The rear panel contains 2 fuse holders, and these are the only things we recommend the operator
checks if he has not received factory training. The fuses are rated as follows:-
F1 3A Antisurge 1¼" (240V) 7A Antisurge 1¼" (110V)
F2 3A Antisurge 1¼" (240V) 7A Antisurge 1¼" (110V)
Charge Rate Switch (see text).
Recommended position is OUT to make use of the AVIP circuitry.
Fan Filters
These filters should be periodically cleaned to ensure maximum air flow. This can be done with a
small stiff brush.

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SAFETY NOTICE
All interlocks and safety features are doubled. For example, if the HV connector is removed, the
HV is shut OFF by the logic board which controls the charger module AND the high voltage is
switched OFF by a separate relay. The interlock circuit operates from its own isolated 12V supply
and operates 2 relays, as well as the control electronics. However, it cannot be stressed enough
that the operator and all those who might come into contact with this equipment treat it with
extreme caution and should not take any safety feature for granted.
The unit should be disabled by removal of the mains lead or the HV Plug before any attempt is
made to make any wiring changes or inspection of the load. Despite being heavily insulated, the
HV cable should not be touched or held when the unit is operating. The load should always be in
the water before operation. Crewmembers should be made aware of these facts during
mobilisations.