Atmel AVR XMEGA 8/16-bit High Performance Low Power Flash... User manual

AVR XMEGA
8/16-bit High Performance Low Power Flash Microcontrollers
AVR®MICROCONTROLLERS

MCU SMART BATTERY SOLUTIONS Everywhere You Are®
Introducing The AVR Family
High Performance/Low Power 8- to 32-bit microcontrollers/processors
AVR Devices — success through innovation
Atmel®offers both 8-bit and 32-bit AVR®’s, and since day one the AVR philosophy has always been clear:
Highest performance with no power penalty.
AVR XMEGA - For demanding embedded applications
With a DMA Controller, an Innovative Event System, crypto engine and high speed ADC and DAC,
AVR XMEGA™ pushes the boundaries for high performance 8/16 bit MCUs while still remaining highly
compatible with tinyAVR®and megaAVR®.
XMEGA highlights
• picoPower™ technology for ultra low power consumption
• True 1.6 volt operation and CPU speeds up to 32 MHz
• Event System and DMA controller
• High speed, high resolution 12-bit ADC and DAC
• Crypto engine, Timers/Counters and fast communication interfaces
• Accurate and flexible Clock System with automatic clock failure protection
AVR XMEGA™ MICROCONTOLLERS Everywhere You Are®
tinyAVR
megaAVR
AVR XMEGA
AP7
AVR32
UC3
AVR32
32-bit
8-/16-bit
8-bit
LESS POWER
MORE PERFORMANCE
Atmel is offering a wide range of AVR
microcontrollers:
•
tinyAVR , 1-16 KBytes Flash, 8-32 pin
packages
•
megaAVR, 4-256 KBytes Flash, 28 to
100 pin packages
•
AVR XMEGA, 16-384 KBytes Flash,
44-100 pin packages
•
AVR32 UC3, 64-512 KBytes Flash,
48-144 pin packages
• AVR32 AP7, 210 DMIPS throughput at
150 MHz, 196-256 pin packages
All AVR devices from the smallest tinyAVR
to the largest XMEGA uses the same CPU.
They differ only in features, pin count and
memory size. This enable AVR to cover the
complete 8- and 16-bit market with one
single, compatible product family.

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picoPower Technology
Reducing power consumption—maintaining performance
picoPower — Best MCU power budget
Atmel’s picoPower technology reduces power
consumption in both sleep and active mode. With
picoPower technology the embedded designer
can reduce the applications power consumption
while maintaining performance.
True 1.6 Volt Operation
AVR XMEGA offers true 1.6 Volt operation. All functions including ADC, DAC, Flash- and EEPROM
memories are all operating down to 1.6V. This allows safe operation directly from a 1.8V ±10% power
supply. It also enables deeper battery discharge to increase battery life.
Minimized Leakage Current
AVR XMEGA leakage current is only 100 nA while still maintaining
full RAM and register retention. This reduces power consumption
for applications spending most time in sleep mode.
Ultra Low Power 32 kHz Crystal Oscillator
AVR XMEGA’s Real Time Counter consumes only 500 nA while
running from a 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillator.
Sleep modes
XMEGA has five different sleep modes to turn off unused modules
and reduce the power consumption in the application. Many
sleep modes makes it easy to find the perfect fit for the applica-
tion. The granularity is further enhanced by the innovative Power Reduction Register technology.
In idle sleep mode all peripherals operate while the CPU is sleeping to reduce the power consumption. with
up to 50%, while event handling, communication and data input/output still run.
In power-save mode, XMEGA uses 650nA to run the Real Time Counter and have full SRAM and register
retention offering industry leading low power numbers. Enabling Watchdog and Brown Out adds only 1uA.
In power-down mode, XMEGA uses only 100nA with SRAM and register retetion, and 5us wake-up time
from pin change on any I/O pin and TWI address match.
Standby and extended standby sleep modes are identical to power-down and power-save, except the
external oscillator is kept running to reduce wake-up time.
CPU
I/O AC ADC
FLASH
WDT
T/C
PIN
CHANGE
INT. DMA
EVENT
SYS.
TWI SPI USART
ASYNC. CLK
MAIN CLK
CPU
I/O AC ADC
FLASH
WDT
T/C
PIN
CHANGE
INT. DMA
EVENT
SYS.
TWI SPI USART
Idle mode
CPU
I/O AC ADC
FLASH
WDT
T/C
PIN
CHANGE
INT. DMA
EVENT
SYS.
TWI SPI USART
ASYNC.
CLK.
MAIN
CLK.
BOD
CPU
I/O AC ADC
FLASH
WDT
T/C
PIN
CHANGE
INT. DMA
EVENT
SYS.
TWI SPI USART
BOD
CPU
I/O AC
FLASH
WDT
T/C
PIN
CHANGE
INT. DMA
EVENT
SYS.
TWI SPI USART
ADC
ASYNC.
BOD
CPU
I/O AC ADC
FLASH
WDT
T/C
PIN
CHANGE
INT. DMA
EVENT
SYS.
TWI SPI USART
ASYNC.
CLK.
MAIN
CLK.
BOD
CPU
I/O AC ADC
FLASH
WDT
T/C
PIN
CHANGE
INT. DMA
EVENT
SYS.
TWI SPI USART
BOD
CPU
I/O AC
FLASH
WDT
T/C
PIN
CHANGE
INT. DMA
EVENT
SYS.
TWI SPI USART
ADC
ASYNC.
BOD
Power-save mode Power-down mode

The new XMEGA microcontrollers feature
- Based on the AVR CPU
- Increased CPU speed -> 32 MHz
- Supports ultralow 1.6 Volt operation
- Reduced power consumption
- Off-loads the CPU
- Reducing power usage
- Up to 8 simultaneous events
-> 100% predictable response time
- Up to 32 MIPS
- Single cycle execution
- Instruction set optimized for C
- 32x8 general purpose registers
- hardware multiplier
-> Perfect for 8/16-bit applications
- Supports both AES and DES
- Reducing CPU time and power consumption
- Minimal CPU overhead for secure communication
- Off-loads the CPU
- Saves power
- 4-channels
-> Fast transfer between memories
and peripherals - 16-bit (32-bit cascaded)
- Advanced Waveform eXtensions
- 16-bit RTC

XMEGA includes a programmable and sampled BOD and a low
power, CPU independent Watch-dog timer.
XMEGA has flexible I/O pin conguration, sensing, and wake-up
signaling plus programmable multi-level interrupt Controller
- Internal 32 kHz, 2 MHz, 32 MHz + PLL
- 1% accuracy
- External oscillator or clock input
- Dynamic and safe clock switching
- 1x - 2048x prescaling
- Short wake-up from sleep modes
- FAST and SECURE!
- Up to 384 KB FLASH
- Up to 4 KB EEPROM
- Up to 32 KB SRAM
- 12-bit resolution
- 2 Msps ADC
- 1 Msps DAC
- analog comparator
- USART + SPI + Two-Wire Interface (I2C compatible)
- External Bus Interface
- Debugging/Programming

AVR XMEGA™ MICROCONTOLLERS Everywhere You Are®
System Performance
For Embedded systems, system performance is much more than a good MIPS number. It is important to
have powerful peripherals and features that allow the application to run smoothly with minimum power
consumption.
AVR CPU and Instruction Set
The AVR XMEGA uses the AVR RISC CPU which is
created for high level C code development. The instruc-
tion set and CPU design are tuned for minimum code size
and maximum execution speed. Due to the true single
cycle execution of arithmetic and logic operations, AVR
microcontrollers perform close to 1 MIPS per MHz.
Event System
The innovative AVR XMEGA Event System allow peripherals to send signals (events) directly to other peripherals
without involving the CPU. This ensures short and 100% predictable response time and at the same time
offloads the CPU.
ALU
32 General
Purpose
Registers
Central in the AVR architecture is the fast-access register file with 32 x 8-bit
general purpose working registers directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic
Unit. Within a single clock cycle the ALU can be fed two arbitrary registers, do a
requested operation, and write back the result.
The AVR XMEGA instruction set also support atomic 16-bit register access,
32-bit arithmetics, and have three 24-bit memory pointers.
Without Event System all Peripheral Requests need to be handled
by the CPU.
With Event System peripherals can send signals (events) to other
peripherals.
C Source:
unsigned char *var1, *var2;
*var1++ = *--var2;
Generated assembly code:
LD R16, -x
ST z+, R16
Auto increment/Decrement example

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DMA Controller
The AVR XMEGA’s 4-channel Direct Memory
Access (DMA) Controller enables fast, CPU
independent data transfer between any locations
in the data memory space and the peripherals.
Flexible channel priority selection, several address-
ing modes and double buffering capabilities. The DMA Controller a powerful module for all data oriented
applications such as signal processing and industrial control. Each DMA transfer can range from 1 byte to
16 Mbytes, increasing CPU computing performance and lowering power consumption.
Crypto Engine
AVR XMEGA includes a crypto engine for 64-bit DES and 128-bit
AES encryption and decryption.
There are no export limitations for the AVR XMEGA with crypto
engine, so using XMEGA for crypto function do not limit where you
can sell your product.
Analog and Digital Conversion
CPU load at various communication speeds
SPI
(kbps) with DMA No DMA UART (kbps) with DMA No DMA
250 0 % 8 % 19.2 0 % 1 %
500 0 % 16 % 116.2 0 % 3 %
1 1 % 30 % 921.6 1 % 26 %
2 1 % 57 % 1.2 1 % 34 %
4 2 % 98 % 2 1 % 58 %
MSB
without DMA
with DMA
100% CPU usage
Communication rate
ADC
12-bit Compare
Function
VREF
DAC
TEMP. SENSOR
8 - 16 External
Pin Inputs
4 x 8 External
Dierential
Pin Inputs
Gain stage
1-64x
AVR XMEGA is highly integrated
with high performance 12-bit
ADC and DAC. The ADC sup-
port up to 2 million samples
per second. The DAC has con-
version rates up to 1 msps and
comes with built-in offset and
gain compensation. XMEGA
also include several analog
comparators with window func-
tion and flexible input selection.
DES
8 bytes data
8 bytes key
16 clock cycles
8 bytes cipher
AES
16 bytes data
16 bytes key
375 clock cycles
16 bytes cipher
Data
Secure Data

07
AVR XMEGA™ MICROCONTOLLERS Everywhere You Are®
Clock System
AVR XMEGA’s clock system allow flexible change of frequency. Dynamic Clock Switching allows the Embedded
Designer to tune performance and power consumption to fit the application. The internal PLL and prescaler
can be used to scale the clock sources dynamically up or down to further match application requirements.
With a built-in External Oscillator failure detection and internal RC oscillator with ± 1% accuracy over tempera-
ture and voltage, XMEGA offers the most safe, reliable and flexible clock system.
Interrupt Controller
AVR XMEGA include a multi level interrupt controller. Three priority
levels are supported, where higher level interrupts are prioritized and
executed before low level interrupts. All peripherals can be assigned
any interrupt level.
Automatic
Calibration Internal
Clock
Sources
External
Clock
Sources
High
Frequency
PLL
Prescaler
Block
Reference
clkCPU
clkPER
clkPER2
clkPER4
clkRTC
High-level
Medium-level
Low-level
Program Flow and Interrupt execution
1
2
3
4
5
1 2 3 4 5
Main
Main
Main
HOLD
HOLD
High-level
Medium-level
Program Flow and Interrupt execution
1
1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4
Main
Main
Main
Medium-level
HOLD
HOLD
Input and Output
AVR XMEGA offers flexible I/O pin configuration with various sensing,
wake-up, synchronous/asynchronous, and driver settings. I/O pin’s
direction, value and logic state are read through separate registers.
The optional Slew-Rate limitation reduces EMI. Virtual ports regis-
ters allow single cycle pin manipulation. This makes software for
bit-banging smaller and faster.
A higher level interrupt will halt execution of a lower level interrupt
routine. The lower level interrupt routine will continue and finish
after the higher level interrupt routine finishes.
A second interrupt at an interrupt level already being serviced, will
pend until the first interrupt routine finishes.

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Timer/Counters
All AVR XMEGA Timer/Counter modules are 16-bit with Input
Capture and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) functionality. Up
to 128 MHz PWM is possible from internal PLL by using the Hi-
Res extension. Using the Event System and Advanced Waveform
Extension (AWeX) and high resolution extention, implementation of
advanced motor control (AC, BLDC, SR, and Stepper) and power
control applications is made easy.
Interfaces
AVR XMEGA comes with various interfaces that combined with DMA or Event System creates a powerful and
fast communication platform.
USART
Full asynchronous and clocked synchronous
operation.
• Fractional BAUD Rate Generator
• Master SPI mode
• IRCOM module for IrDA Compliance
• Up to 4 Mbps communication
SPI
Fast full duplex synchronous serial communication
• Master and Slave Operation
• Up to 16 Mbps communication
EBI
External Bus Interface, for easy access to
• SRAM
• SDRAM
• External peripherals (e.g. LCDs)
• Memory mapped devices
TWI (The Two Wire Interface)
Bi-directional 2-wire bus communication,
• I2C and SMBus compliant
• Slave operates in all Sleep Modes
• Full 100 kHz and 400 kHz support
• Master and Slave operation
Normal mode of operation, counting up or down
CNT
BOT
MAX
"update "
PER
CNT written
DIRECTION
CNT
MAX
New Period written to
PERBUF that is higher
than current CNT
New Period written to
PERBUF that is lower
than current CNT
"update "
"write"
New PER is updated
with PERBUF value.
BOT
AWeX Dead Time Insertion (DTI) with separate high side and
low side period
DTI CNT
T/C output
high side output
low side output
t
low side
t
high side
T
events
CNT
PER
BOT
Capture 0 Capture 1 Capture 2 Capture 3
"capture "
Period (T)
external signal
events
CNT
MAX
BOT
"capture "
Changing the period with buffering in dual slope mode Input capture of pin change using the Event System
Frequency capture of an external signal
Timer/Counter
Base Counter
Timer Period(PER)
Counter(CNT)
Logic Control
Compare/Capture Channel n
Capture Control
Waveform
Generation
Comparator
Buer
AWeX
Dead-Time
Insertion
Pattern Generator
Fault Protection
clkPER4
Hi-Res
Ports
clkPER
Prescaler
Event System

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Ease of use
AVR XMEGA microcontrollers benefit from the already existing AVR tools- and software chain. With a large
ecosystem including hardware, software, documentation, and partners available, embedded developers
will find it easy to succeed with the XMEGA!
AVR Tools — quality and low cost
http://www.atmel.com/avr
Selection Guides, Data Sheets and Errata Sheets
Application Notes and Reference Library
Atmel and Third Party Tools
Software, User Guides
Consultants, Distributors and Atmel Representatives
http://support.atmel.no
Official Atmel MCU technical support center with FAQ and
email notification service
http://www.avrtv.com
Official AVR podcasts
http://www.avrfreaks.net
AVR Experts Discussion Forum, Selection Guides for Tools and
Products, Third Party Tools Information, FAQs
Debugging and Programming
All XMEGA devices include a non-intrusive On-Chip Debug system that requires no device resources.
This gives real time access to all peripheral registers, data and program memories, and support unlimited
number of break points. XMEGA has a fast, serial programming interface for production line- or in system
programming. Using a bootloader XMEGA can receive flash upgrades in the field through any interface
without reset or halt of critical program execution. The crypto engine and a serial number in each device
ease implementation of safe crypto bootloaders, networking applications, authentication and life cycle
product tracking.
AVR Documentation and Software — ready, steady, go!
With both devices and tools available designers need good documentation. From the smallest devices to
the largest processors, reference datasheets describing features and use are available from the Atmel web
pages. Free application notes and library with complete code make it easy to start development. Partner
software brings your product to the market with no hassle.
Support
On our dedicated MCU pages you can easily submit questions and get technical support. All relevant AVR
XMEGA FAQs, datasheets, application notes, and software are also available online: