Casio FX-730P User manual

PERSONAL COMPUTER
FX-730P
I OWNER'S MANUAL I
The contents of this manual may be subject to change without notice.
Unlawful copying
of all or any portion of this manual is strictly forbidden.
Please be aware that the use of this manual for other than personal use
without permission from CASIO is prohibited under the copyrighting law.
CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be held responsible for any damages
or losses resulting from the use
of this manual.

ii
Foreword
Tliis manual contains easily comprehensible explanations on the numerous
functions of this computer.
The first feature of this equipment is the fullness of its scientific functions
including statistical calculations. Incorporating many numeric functions and
basic statistics, this computer will enable you to carry out troublesome scientific
and technological calculations
as well as statistical calculations by simple opera-
tion. In addition, more advanced calculations can be made by using a BASIC
program.
The second feature
is the "FUNCTION MEMORY", which makes possible
storage
of numeric expressions to enable outputting calculation results by
inputting the necessary numeric values. By using this function, you can easily
make numeric calculations without any special
BASIC program.
The third feature
is the "DATA BANK function," which permits the use of this
computer
as an "electronic memo pad." Unlike a paper memo pad which
requires laborious efforts later to put the individual entries in order or retrieve
them, this computer performs such work quite simply.
As shown above, this computer can be used by a wide variety of people -
persons who want to learn BASIC for the first time, those who already know
BASIC and want to make full use of this computer.
We hope that this manual will enable you to make effective use of this computer
for many years to come.

Prior to Operation
This computer was delivered to you through CASIO's strict testing process, high
level electronics technology, and strict quality control.
To ensure a long life for your computer, please observe the following precau-
tions.
• Utilization Precautions
• Since this computer consists of precision electronic parts, do not disassemble
it. Also do not apply an impact to it by throwing or dropping it, or do not
expose it to rapid temperature changes. In addition, do not store it in a place
with high temperatures or high humidity, or in a dusty place. When the com-
puter is utilized in low temperatures, sometimes the display response is slow
or does not operate. When normal temperature conditions are restored, how-
ever, the computer operation will become normal.
• Special care should be taken not to damage the computer by bending. For
example, do not carry it in your hip pocket.
• Please do not connect units other than the FA-3, FA-5, SB-42 and FP- l 2S to
the connector portion.
• Although the display sometimes becomes faint while the buzzer is sounding,
it
is not a malfunction. However, if the display becomes very faint, replace
the batteries with new ones as soon as possible.
• Every two years, replace the batteries with new ones even if the computer is
not used. Do not leave exhausted batteries inside it because trouble may
occur due to battery leakage.
• Always keep the cap for the connector portion in place. Remove it only
when peripherals are to be connected to the computer.
• If strong static electricity is applied to the computer, sometimes the memory
content is changed, or key operation cannot be performed. To discharge
static electricity accumulated in your body, touch a metallic substance like a
door knob.
If this occurs, remove the batteries, then replace them again.
• Always turn computer power off before connecting peripherals.
• To clean the computer, do not use volatile liquids such as benzine or thinner.
Wipe it with a soft dry cloth, or a cloth dampened with a neutral detergent
solution.
iii

iv
Prior to Operation
• Do not turn the power off during program execution or operation.
• Since the computer is made up of precision electronic parts, avoid dropping it
while a program is being executed; otherwise the program execution may be
stopped or the memory contents may be changed.
• When a malfunction occurs, contact the store where the computer was
purchased or a nearby dealer.
• Before seeking service, please read this manual again, check the power supply,
check the program for logic errors, etc.
• Note that the manufacturer assumes no responsibility for any loss or claims
by third parties which may arise through use of this unit.
• Note that the manufacturer assumes no responsibility for any damages
incurred
as a result of data/program loss caused by malfunctions, repairs or
battery replacements. Records of important data should be prepared to
protect against such data/program losses.

Contents
CHAPTER 1 General Guide
1-1 Names of Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1-2 Functions of Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1-3 Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1-4 RAM Expansion Pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
CHAPTER 2 Manual Operations
2-1 Let's Operate the Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2-2 Begin with the Four Arithmetic Operations .......... 21
2-3 Calculation Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2-4 Function Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2-5 Statistical Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
CHAPTER 3 Using the "Function Memory"
3-1 Calculations with the Same Formula ............... 44
3-2 Utilization for Preparing Tables ................... 47
CHAPTER 4 Programming with BASIC Language
4-1 Writing Programs .............................. 52
4-2 Executing a Program
........................... 55
4-3 Variables .................................... 57
4-4 Method of Calculating the Program Length .......... 64
4-5 Convenient Techniques ............ . ............ 65
4-6 Error Messages and Debugging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4-7 Convenient Peripherals
........ . ................. 72
4-8 Using a PB-100 Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
v

Contents
CHAPTER 5 Program Library
5-1 Rearrangement of Data (Sorting) . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5-2 Horse Race Game
................ .. . .. ....... . . 91
CHAPTER 6 Command Reference
6-1 Manual Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
NEW [ALL] ........................ . ......... 99
RUN
........................... . .. . ......... 100
LIST
.... . .......... . ........................ 101
PASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
SAVE [ALL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
LOAD [ALL] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
VERIFY.......................... . ......... 107
CLEAR ............ ....... ........ . . ....... 107
6-2 Program Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
END .. ... . . . ...... ... . . .. . .. .. . .. . . ........ 108
STOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
[LET] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
REM...... . ...... . . .. . . .................... 110
INPUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
KEY$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
PRINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
CSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
GOTO ................. , ............. . ... .. 116
ON "' GOTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7
IF"' THEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
FOR"' TO"' [STEP] NEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
GOSUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
RETURN .. . .. ... ........... . . . . .. ....... ... 122
ON "' GOSUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Contents
DATA ..................................... 123
READ
..................................... 124
RESTORE
.................................. 125
PUT ....................................... 126
GET
....................................... 128
BEEP
...................................... 130
DEFM ..................................... 131
DIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
ERASE
.................................... 135
MODE ..................................... 136
STAT CLEAR
.. ( ............................ 137
STAT
...................................... 137
STAT LIST
................................. 138
SET
....................................... 139
6-3 Character
Functions ........................... 140
LEN ....................................... 140
MID$ ...................................... 141
VAL
....................................... 142
STR$
...................................... 143
6-4 Numeric
Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
SIN, COS, TAN
.............................. 144
ASN, ACS, ATN
.............................. 145
HYPSIN, HYPCOS, HYPTAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
HYPASN, HYPACS, HYPATN
................... 147
LOG, LN ................................... 148
EXP
....................................... 148
SQR
.................................... . .. 149
CUR ....................................... 149
ABS
....................................... 150
SGN ....................................... 150
INT ....................................... 151
vii

vi ii
Contents
FRAC ........... . ... .... .... ...... .. ....... 152
RND
.. . ..... . ..... . . .... . .. . .. . . .. . . ... .... 152
REC .
............. .. ...... .. . ... . .· ..... . . .. 153
POL ........................ . ... . .......... 154
FACT . .
........... . ... ......... . .. .. .. .... . 155
NPR . .......... . .. ........... .... .. .. ...... 156
NCR .
.. ...... ..... .......... ... . . . . ... .. ... 157
6-5 Statistic Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8
EOX .. . ...... ........ · ..... .. ............... 158
EOY ... .. ... . .. .................. ... ....... 159
6-6 Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
RAN# . . ...... .................. . .. ... ..... 160
DEG ...... .. .... .. .... . .. ...... .. . . ....... . 161
DMS$ . . ........... ........ .. ......... . .. . . . 162
HEX$
.. . ..... .... . .. . .. ............. ..... .. 163
&H . .. .. ... ........ ... ......... ... ........ . 164
6-7 DATA BANK Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
NEW# . . .
.. ...... .. . .... . . . . . .. ...... . . .... 166
LIST# ...... .. . .. ... . ..... . . .. .... . .. ... ... 166
SAVE# ............. . ............ .. . .. ..... 168
LOAD# . . . ...... . . . . . ... . .. . .... .. .... .... . 169
READ# . . ......... . . .. . ...... ....... ...... . 170
RESTORE# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
WRITE# . .......... .. ........ . . .... ........ 174
CHAPTER 7 Convenient DATABANK Function
7-1 Specifying the MEMO IN Mode . . ... . .. .. . .. . .. .. 178
7-2 Inputting Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
7-3 Displaying the Data Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
7-4 Correcting Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Contents
7-5 Retrieving (Searching) Data ..................... 185
7-6 Erasing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
191
7-7 Adding and Inserting Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
7-8 Searching Using a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19 5
7-9 Application
to Tabular Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
7-10 Combining with the Function Memory 201
Appendix
Character Code Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Numeric Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Index
........................................... 214
ix

To those who have never touched a
computer or are already familiar
with computers, it
is recommended
that you first read this chapter care-
fully. The quicker you become
familiar with the configuration of
the computer the quicker you will
be able to use it properly.

2
1·1 Names of Components
5
L
~
1-J
CD @ ® ®®
'' r
I T
T 1
l '"2mml!J " "" "'G ~
· i~i'8~ 'l 5 2 D HO• l
=+==+= GOTO CA::; I0
F'·..'- 7~~1P ·+··+·
• O" fiiiJPOWER
1' '1 · -· - ••••
lMODE+~AI ~I~ ~~CMl~Cff l ~G I ~ I G~ l ~o NIPm
8
oo l~~1NI
ON STOP-
0 ~ . ~
MODE
~
:z:
l2J ~
"'
[iL ,
LENO
~
I Fuocti~ Memo'Y I"IU OP
§]~~~~§)
§]
§12] 0
@]
~
"
I-
"' --1
~ ~ ctJ ~
ctJ
lYJ cm
""''
.O. TN } C
OG '
(!)
~
®
~ ~
@.
~
00
[@
[Mi
(iJ
STR$ i, ~ ~ ~
READO RESTORE p
1
CD Display window
® Alphabet keys
@ Shift key
® Display contrast
® Function memory keys
® Function key
<J) Numeral keys
® Decimal point key
OJ
~ -
®.
B
@
· ~
~
EJREC C
~·I
""' -
~
"
~
l±J~ ,
~
£!)
rn ~
~
00
"'
~ 8c
....
EXE J
I ]
HE •• :i.' " -1
I I I 1
®CV® ®
® Exponent key
® Execution key
(jJ) Calculation command keys
© Connector for peripherals
@ Power switch
®Mode key
® Memo/search key

1·2 Functions of Components
• Power Switch
When this switch is moved to the right, the power is turned on, and when it is
moved to the left, the power is turned off.
• Shift Key (Red (]] Key)
If this key is pressed, the shift mode is selected (" (]] " is displayed) and the
command or symbol printed above each key can be displayed. When it
is pressed
again, the shift mode is released and "(]] " disappears. (To distinguish this key
from the alphabetical (]] key, it will be written as
~ from now on in this
manual.)
• Function Key (Blue[[) Key)
If this key is pressed, the function mode is selected (" [[) " is displayed) and the
function printed below each key can be displayed. When
it is pressed again, the
function mode
is released and " [[) " disappears: (To distinguish this key from
the alphabetical[[) key, it will be written as~ from now on in this manual.)
• Numeral Keys, Decimal Point Key, Calculation Keys,
and Execution Key
Examine this key array carefully. It is the same. as that of
an ordinary calculator, isn't it? This part is used when the
four arithmetic calculations (addition, subtraction, multi-
plication, division) are performed. However, the following
differences exist. The 00 (multiplication) and GJ (division)
keys are different and there is no El key while there is an
CZJ
[Z) [al~ 00
~~~El
8 (execution) key. This occurs because a computer uses an [1J ~ ~ [±]
* (asterisk) for X and/ (slash) for 7, while the answer is -1'-
4
obtained by the 8 key instead of the El key. ~ GJ I EXE I
3

4
CHAPTER 1 General Guide
For example, an operation is performed by an ordinary calculator as 12 00 4
G:l 3 (±) 7 El 5 El while this computer uses 12 [I) 4 0 3 (±) 7 El 5 ~ . <
This computer can be used as an ordinary calculator as
shown above. When followed by the~ key, one of the
numeral keys ( ~ to ~ ) can be used to specify a program
area from PO to P9 while the 8 key is used for power
calculation (xY -+ xty) and the (±) El [I) 0 keys are
used to enter relational operators(~,~'>,<).
• Alphabetical Keys, Space Key
P7
c=i
P4
c=i
P1
c=i
P0
c=i
PB
c=i
P5
c=i
P2
c=i
"'
c::J
c::J
pg
>
c=i
c::J
P6
::5
c=i
c::J
P3
>-
c=i
E:J
.....
EXE
Using these keys, commands are entered, or programs are written. Each of the
26 alphabetical keys from [Al to rn functions as a memory (for storage loca-
tions).
Also, the [Al
~ a::J keys have another function. When they are pressed after the
~key, a symbol or BASIC command is displayed.
Press the space key ( 8 ) when a space is required.
Example: ~[Al-+ GOSUB, ~[]]-+ ?
I
**'
$ ( ) ? . "
c::J c::J c::J c::J c::J c::J c::J c::J c::J c::J
GOSUB RETUR N GOTO
FOR TO NEXT
IF THEN
LIST ANS
c::J c::J c::J c::J
c::J c::J c::J
c::J c::J c::J
PRINT INPUT CLEAR DIM
LOAD SAVE STAT
~
~
7r
c::J c::J c::J
c::J c::J c::J c::J
c::J
c=i

1-2 Functions of Components
In addition, the alphabetical keys have another use in the extension mode (When
0 is pressed, "EXT" is displayed). When they are directly pressed, small alpha-
betical characters are displayed, and when they are pressed after
the~ key,
special symbols are displayed.
Extension mode functions:
~~00lIJ[YJ~[IJ[QJ@]
0 0 @] [IJ []] lliJ OJ lliJ [IJ GJ
00~0lliJC6:J§J§JEJOO
Functions provided when a key is pressed after the ~ key in the extension
mode:
c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i
c=i
c=i c=i
% ' @ ¥ [ J & l
c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i
c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i
0 0 6 x • • • •
c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i
c=i
c=i
§]
c=i c=i
•
};
Q µ r
'1
To release the extension mode, press 0 again.
This computer is provided with the~ key. When a key is pressed after~ key,
one of the following functions is diaplayed.
Example: [§[QJ -+SIN
c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i
SIN
cos TAN
ASN
ACS ATN LOG LN EXP
SQR
c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i
c=i c=i
HYP ABS INT FRAC SGN RANI! SET AND( DEG( OMS$(
c=i c=i c=i c=i c=i
c=i c=i §]
c=i c=i
VALi
STA$( LEN( MID$( DATA READ RESTORE SPC
&H HEX$(
In the extension mode, capital alphabetical characters are displayed.
5

6
CHAPTER 1 General Guide
• Equal key ( ~ )
This key is not used to provide an answer for calculation, but is used for an
assignment statement (see page 109) and for a condition in an IF statement
(see page 118).
Also, when this key is pressed after the~ key, a~ (not equal) symbol is dis-
played.
• Exponent/Pi Key ( 00 )
When this key is directly pressed, it is used to provide an exponent. For example,
operate [IJ 8 (gJ ~ 00@ for 1.23 X 104. When an exponent is a negative
number, press the El key after this key. For example, operate [2)8@ITJOOB~
for 7.41 X 10-9.
When this key is pressed after the~ key, Pi (the ratio of the circumference of a
circle to its diameter) is displayed.
• Answer Key ( ~ )
When this key is pressed after the~ key, the result of manual or program cal-
culation executed immediately before is displayed.
• Function Memory Keys ( [@[§)§])
These keys are for the Function Memory. They will be described in detail in
Chapter 3.
• Cursor Movement Keys ( ~~)
These keys are used when correcting displayed characters. The cursor("-" blink-
ing in the display window)
is moved right and left by these keys. Each time this
key
is pressed, the cursor moves by one character. When the key is held down,
the cursor moves continuously through all of the characters present. When
§!!]~is pressed, the cursor moves to the left edge of the display (the beginning
of the line) -LINE TOP function. When §!!]~is pressed, the cursor moves to
the right of the last input character (the end of the line) -LINE END function.

1-2 Functions of Components
• Memo Key(~)
Pressed to use the Data Bank function. Also pressed for sequential recall or for
recall after pressing a specified character in the RUN mode (press
~~) or in
the input mode (press~§)).
• All Clear Key ( ~ )
This key erases any display. Also, it
is pressed when an error occurs, or when the
display blanks
out by auto power off (see page 12). When a program is being
executed, program execution
is suspended by pressing this key.
• Delete/Insert Key ( ~ )
This key
is used to delete a character where the blinking cursor is positioned.
After deletion, the character to the right
of the cursor moves to the left. When it
is pressed after the 8 key, the character where the blinking cursor is positioned
is moved to the right to provide a space.
• Engineering/Stop Key (
5
f~t)
When this key is pressed, a calculation result or a numeric value displayed by a
PRINT statement is converted into an exponent display. When this key is
pressed repeatedly, the displayed exponent will decrease by 3 each time. The
exponent can be increased by 3 each time by pressing
86 .
When pressed during program execution, this temporarily suspends program
execution. When it
is pressed while characters are being scrolled, the display is
temporarily suspended. Execution is resumed when the §1 key is pressed.
7

8
CHAPTER 1 General Guide
• Mode Key ( ~ )
When specifying a computer mode or an angle unit, use this key in combination
with GJ, ~-~.
~GJ· ····· This turns the key input buzzer sound on and off. When the
buzzer is on, the "BUZZER" symbol lights up on the display.
~~· ····· The "RUN" symbol is displayed for manual and program calcula-
tions. (RUN mode)
~CTI ·· · · · · The "WRT" symbol is displayed for program writing, checking
and editing. (WRT mode)
~~· ····· The "TRACE ON" symbol is displayed for execution of tracing.
(For details,
see page 71.)
~~ · ····· When the "TRACE ON" symbol is displayed, the execution trace
mode
is canceled and "TRACE ON" disappears.
~~ · ··· ·· The "DEG" symbol is displayed specifying "degrees" as the angle
unit.
~§· ····· The "RAD" symbol is displayed specifying "radians" as the angle
unit.
~(§]· ·· · ·· The "GRA" symbol is displayed specifying "grads" as the angle
unit.
~CZI · ····· The "PRT ON" symbol is displayed and printer output is possible
when a printer
is connected to the computer.
~[§)· ····· When "PRT ON" is displayed, the printer output mode is can-
celed and "PRT ON" disappears.
~~ ·· ····The "~8" symbols light up to indicate that the MEMO IN
mode
is specified. This mode permits memo data input to the
DATA BANK. (For details, see Chapter 7.) To cancel this mode,
press ~~ .

1-2 Functions of Components
• Display Contrast Control
When the display is dark or faint, depending on the battery condition or display
view angle, adjust it by moving the control located on the left side
of the
computer.
To increase the display contrast, turn the control in the direction indicated by
the arrow. To weaken the contrast, turn it in the opposite direction.
If the con-
trast is still weak even after the control is at its highest-contrast position, the
batteries have probably run down.
If so, replace the batteries as soon as possible.
(For battery replacement,
see page 11.)
• Connector for Peripherals
Use this connector (I/O port) for connecting to optionally available peripherals.
When a printer
is to be used, connect on the FP- l2S printer or SB-42 interface
pack (for connecting the computer and FP-40). When a tape recorder
is to be
used, connect
it with the cassette interface F A-3 or F A-5 .
fi aannnonnnnnn ?i I
Do not insert anything except the FP-12S, SB-42, FA-3 or FA-5 . When any
options are not used, always cover the connector with the connector cover
supplied.
9

10
CHAPTER 1 General Guide
• ALL RESET Button
This button is located on the back of the unit. If this button is pushed with a
pointed object when the power is on, the computer will be reset to the state
where no specification or no input
is performed. This operation may be used
when the computer is in locked state due to strong static electricity. Caution is
required since all programs and data will be lost if pushed.
0
D
0
ALL RESET
.
T
ALL RESET Button