Casio FX-795P User manual

Personal Computer
FX-795P
>
|
OWNER’S
MANUAL
MO1002574A @ Printed in Japan “

PERSONAL COMPUTER
FX-/99P
OWNER’S MANUAL
The contents of this manual may be subject to change without notice.
Unlawful copying of all or any portion of this manual is strictly forbidden.
Please be aware that the use of this manual for other than personal use
without permission from CASIO is prohibited under the copyrighting law.
CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be held responsible for any damages
or losses resulting from the use of this manual.
CASIO.

Foreword
This:
manual
contains
easily
comprehensible
explanations
on
the
numerous
i
is
computer.
whe
feat
“eature
nf
this
equipment
is
the
fullness
of
its
scientific
functions
including
statistical
calculations.
Incorporating
many
numeric
functions
and
basic
statistics,
this
computer
will
enable
you
to
carry
out
troublesome
scientific
and
technological
calculations
as
well
as
statistical
calculations
by
simple
opera-
tion.
In
addition,
more
advanced
calculations
can
be
made
by.
using
a
BASIC
The
“cevond
feature
is
the
“FUNCTION
MEMOR
”
which
makes
possible
storage
of
numeric
expressions
to
enable
outputting
calculation
results
%
inputting
the
necessary
numeric
values.
By
using
this
function,
you
can
easily
make
numeric
calculations
without
any
special
BASIC
program.
The
third
feature
is
the
“DATA
BANK
function,”
which
permits
the
use
of
this
computer
as
an
“electronic
memo
pad.”
Unlike
a
paper
memo
pad
which
requires
laborious
efforts
later
to
put
the
individual
entries
in
order
or
retrieve
them,
this
computer
performs
such
work
quite
simply.
The
fourth
feature
is
its
“built-in
software
utilities”
consisting
of
five
types
of
mathematical
operation
programs.
With
the
use
of
this
function,
answers
can
be
easily
obtained
by
simply
entering
the
necessary
values
or
numeric
expressions.
As
shown
above,
this
computer
can
be
used
by
a
wide
variety
of
people
—
persons
who
want
to
learn
BASIC
for
the
first
time,
those
who
already
know
BASIC
and
want
to
make
full
use
of
this
computer.
We
hope
that
this
manual
will
enable
you
to
make
effective
use
of
this
computer
for
many
years
to
come.
Prior to Operation
This computer was delivered to you through CASIO’s strict testing process, high
level electronics technology, and strict quality control.
To ensure a long life for your computer, please observe the following precau-
tions.
= Utilization Precautions
© Since this computer consists of precision electronic parts, do not disassemble
it. Also do not apply an impact to it by throwing or dropping it, or do-not
expose it to rapid temperature changes. In addition, do not store it in a place
with high temperatures or high humidity, or in a dusty place. When the com-
puter is utilized in low temperatures, sometimes the display response is slow
or does not operate. When normal temperature conditions are restored, how-
ever, the computer operation will become normal.
Special care should be taken not to damage the computer by bending. For
example, do not carry it in your hip pocket.
@ Devices that can be plugged into the option jack are the Model FA-5, FP-12S,
FP-40 or our specified devices. Do not connect any other devices.
* Use Printer Cable SB-2 when connecting FP-12S, and Interface Pack SB-42
when connecting FP-40.
@ Although the display sometimes becomes faint while the buzzer is sounding,
it is not a malfunction. However, if the display becomes very faint, replace
the batteries with new ones as soon as possible.
e Every two years, replace the batteries with new ones even if the computer is
not used. Do not leave exhausted batteries inside it because trouble may
occur due to battery leakage.
Always keep the cap for the connector portion in place. Remove it only
when peripherals are to be connected to the computer.
If strong static electricity is applied to the computer, sometimes the memory
content is changed, or key operation cannot be performed. To discharge
static electricity accumulated in your body, touch a metallic substance like a
door knob. If this occurs, remove the batteries, then replace them again.
Always turn computer power off before connecting peripherals.
To clean the computer, do not use volatile liquids such as benzine or thinner.
Wipe it with a soft dry cloth, or a cloth dampened with a neutral detergent
solution.

Prior to Operation Contents
a — aa
@
Do
not
turn
the
power
off
during
program
execution
or
operation.
CHAPTER
1
General
Guide
@
Since
the
computer
is
made
up
of
precision
electronic
parts,
avoid
dropping
it
,
while
a
program
is
being
executed;
otherwise
the
program
execution
may
be
1-1
Names
of
Components
.........
000.4
e
eens
stopped
or
the
memory
contents
may
be
changed.
1-2
Functions
of
Components
.......0....
0.0000
e
eee
©
When
a
malfunction
occurs,
contact
the
store-
where
the
computer
was
1-3
Power
Supply...
..
ec cc
ccccccccceecccceceuesues
purchased
or
a
nearby
dealer.
©
Before
seeking
service,
please
read
this
manual
again,
check
the
power
supply,
check
the
program
for
logic
errors,
etc.
CHAPTER
2
Manual
Operations
2-1 Let’s Operate the Computer ..............0. 0.000.
2-2. Begin with the Four Arithmetic Operations ..........
2-3. Calculation Notes .......... 0.0... e eee eee
2-4 Function Calculations
2-5 Statistical Calculations
CHAPTER 3 Using the “Function Memory”
i 3-1 Calculations with the Same Formula
3-2 Utilization for Preparing Tables
CHAPTER 4 Built-in Software Utilities
4-1 Software Menu ............. 0c ccc eee cece eee
42 Matrix Operations ........ 0.0.0 cece eee eee
4-3 Complex Number Calculations
44 Numeric Solution of Equations
4-5 Numeric Integrations .....0..0. 0.0.00 ccc vee eee
46 Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal Operations

Contents
CHAPTER
5
Programming
with
BASIC
Language
5-1 Writing Programs ....... 0.0.06. 0 cee eee eee ~+-- 88
5-2. Executinga Program ........ 2. e eee ee ee ee eee 91
5-3. Variables 0.0... ee eee ee te ene 93
5-4 Method of Calculating the Program Length .......... 100
5-5 Convenient Techniques cect eee ence eee 101
5-6 Error Messages and Debugging ............-.--2005 103
5-7 Convenient Peripherals ........... 0.00.0 e eee eens 105
5-8 Usinga PB-100 Program .......... 00.0.0 0 cece eee 115
CHAPTER 6 Program Library
6-1 Rearrangement of Data (Sorting) ................-% 122
6-2 Horse Race Game ........ eee ee ce eee 125
CHAPTER
7
Command
Reference
7-1
Manual
Commands
.......
0...
e
eee
ete
cree
ee
enee
133
NEW
[ALL]
........
000
eee
ce
cee
eens
133
RUN
ooo
ee
ee
eens
134
LIST
oo
ee
ee
te
eens
135
PASS
2.0.0...
0c
eee
eee
tt
eee
e
eg
e
eee
137
SAVETALL]
......
0.00.2
e
ees
dees
e
renee
139
LOAD
[ALL]
.......-
2...
eee
ee
ee
140
VERIFY
2.0...
eee
tet
e
ene
14]
CLEAR
..........
been
eee
een
e
eter
tenes
141
7-2
Program
Commands
.........-
20.00
eee
e
ee
een
eee
142
END
1...
cece
ee
tee
tne
teens
142
STOP
0...
cc
eee
ete
ent
teen
eens
142
[LET]
2...
ccc
ccc
cc
eee
ete
etnies
143
REM...
tee
teen
n
ene
144
7-3
7-4
Contents
INPUT 2.0.0.0... ee cee eee 145
KEY$ 2... ee ee eee enna 147
PRINT 2.0.0... cee eee nee 148
CSR Loe ee eee eee 149
GOTO oo. eee ene 150
ON~ GOTO .... 0... eee 151
IF ~ THEN 2.0... ee eee ee 152
FOR ~ TO ~ [STEP] NEXT ..............-.005- 153
GOSUB 2.0. ee eee eee 155
RETURN ..... 0.0.00 eens 156
ON ~ GOSUB .... 0.0... eee eee eee 156
DATA 2... cee tenn e ne ees 157
READ 2.0... eee eee 158
RESTORE ....... 0... cece eee tenes 159
PUT 2. cee eee eee 160
GET 20. tenes 162
BEEP ...... 0.00.00 c eect ee 164
DEFM ... 0.0... ee cece eee eee 165
DIM 20. ee ents 167
ERASE 2... eee ete teens 169
MODE ..... 0.0... eee eens 170
STAT CLEAR 2.0.0.0... 0.0. ce eee eee 171
STAT 2.0... ce cee teens 171
STAT LIST 2.00.0... 0.0.0 c cc eee ee 172
SET o 00 e e eee e ee 173
Character Functions . 0.0... ccc c ccc ee ee eee 174
LEN 2... le be ete eens 174
MIDS .. 0. ce ee tne 175
VAL Lo cece ee tne ee 176
STRS$ 2... cece een teens 177
Numeric Functions .........0.. 0020: cece eee eee 178
SIN, COS, TAN 2.0... c cece cece eee 178

CHAPTER 8 Convenient DATA BANK Function
8-1
8-2
8-3
8-4
8-5
8-6
8-7
8-8
8-9
Appendix
Character Code Table
Numeric Functions
Error Messages
Specifications
Index
Specifying the MEMO IN Mode
Inputting Data
Displaying the Data Contents
Correcting Data
Retrieving (Searching) Data
Adding and Inserting Data
Searching Using a Program
Application to Tabular Calculations
8-10 Combining with the Function Memory
Contents

General Guide
To those who have never touched a computer or are already
familiar with computers, it is recommended that you first
read this chapter carefully, The quicker you become
familiar with the configuration of the computer the quicker
you will be able to use it properly.

1-2 Functions of Componenis
|
| 1-1 Names of Components
@ Power Switch
@ : Slide up to switch on power and slide down to switch off power.
|
©
Shift
Key
(Red
key)
Press this for a one-key command (for inputting plural characters by pressing a
ane
single
key)
shown
in
red
on
the
panel,
for
symbol
display,
or
for
input
of
a
func-
et
GOTO
CASIO
FR-POSE
ae
tion.
Press
it
once,
and
the
SHIFT-IN
mode
will
be
selected
and
the
“
(S)”
sym-
woven eT ea Pes at cleo heeol bol will light up on the display. When it is pressed again or when another key is
SS
:
=
pressed,
the
SHIFT-IN
mode
will
be
canceled
and
the
“(5)”
symbol
will
go
off.
eal”
LE»
(In
this
manual
the
symbol
@9
will
be
used
to
distinguish
the
key
from
the
:
® elon dE : alphabet key ©) .)
i
|
©
Numeral
Keys
(4)
®
Decimal
Point
key
Aegon
@®
a
|
-
ox
coy
Calculation
Command
Keys
7
2
;
ji
®
=
(2s)
{i
(t)
Execution
Key
Aaah
:
I
So
dee
Exponent
Key
—
@
=e
Parenthesis
Keys
GBBeH0
Power key C2) cd
['
The
ten
keys
@)~{S)
are
used
for
number
input.
The
G]
key
is
for
decimal
m
point
input.
The
calculation
command
keys
(+),
©),
&K)
and
/
need
attention.
‘
These keys are for the four arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multi-
plication and division), but the x and + keys of ordinary electronic calculators
are replaced by * and / respectively. This is because of the need for common
Exponent
key
use
with
BASIC
language.
With
ordinary
electronic
calcula
ors,
the&)
key
is
Execution
key
used
to
get
an
answer.
In
the
case
of
this
computer
the
&)
key
is
used
for
that
© ® ®@®@w oO
@ Display window
@ Alphabet keys
@® Shift key
@) Display contrast
@® Function memory keys
® Function keys
@ Statistical data input key
Numeral keys
@® Decimal point key
@SSS O68
Calculation command keys
Connector for peripherals
Power switch
Mode key
FX key
Memo key
RESET button
purpose.
For
example,
in
a
case
where
(20)
4
©)
3
@®)7
©)
5
B
are
pressed
in
the
case
of
ordinary
electronic
calculators,
this
computer
requires
that
120K)
4
213417
G5
&
be
pressed.
When pressed directly, the (€) key serves as the exponent key. Press it before
inputting the exponent (a certain power of 10). In the case of 1.23 x 10* for
example, press (C@)@H\EA . When the exponent is negative, press the |)
key after the (E) key.

CHAPTER 1 General Guide
aS
nen
For
example,
in
the
case
of
7.41
x
10°,
prs
OEMS.
When
this
key
is
pressed
after
the
@
key
(fJ5),
7
(the
ratio
of
the
circum-
ference
of
a
circle
to
its
diameter)
will
be
displayed.
.
The
(and
G)keys
are
for
inputting
parentheses
and
the(#)
key
for
power
calculations
(for
x”,
press
x
(4)
y).
@ Alphabet Keys and Space Key -
DwWHROMUWoF
ANOHOHWH HE)
Moo oe W mM GCI CG) td
These
keys
are
not
found
on
ordinary
electronic
calculators.
The
26
letters
of
the
alphabet,
the
symbol
keys
(&),G),G),
@)
and
the
space
key
(
fg)
are
arranged
as
on
a
typewriter.
They
are
used
to
give
commands
or
write
programs.
In
addition,
the
26-letter
keys,
A
to
Z,
serve
as
“variable
memory”
(where
numeric
values,
etc.
are
stored)
individually.
©
Equal
Key
())
This
key
is
not
intended
to
obtain
answers
from
calculations,
but
is
used
for
conditional
judgement
in
assignment
statements
(see
page
143)
or
IF
statements
(see
page
152).
When
it
is
pressed
after
the
4
key,
the
+
(not
equal)
symbol
will
be
displayed.
¢@ Function Keys
One of the features of this computer permits
one-key
input
of
functions
as
in
scientific
ca
ABS
INT
FRAG
=
culators.
This
is
very
convenient
for
function
{log}
Lin}
(exe)
eng
SET ASN ACS ATN
{hve} (sin} (cos) [tan]
SGN VAL( DMSS(
Fal)
calculations. (<3 and 2 are “‘square” and “cube”
q
keys, respectively. (e] is a key for calculation of LENE minst sTAst
(x?) (<3) (04)
an exponential function (10*) based on. 10.
When these keys are pressed after the = key,
each performs the function shown above it.
1-2 Functions of Components
© Hexadecimal Key ( '‘&§)
Press (#4) hexadecimal number &, and a hexadecimal number will be converted
into a decimal number. Press @4'@4 decimal number OG) &4, and a decimal number
will be converted into a 4-digit hexadecimal number.
© Engineering Key ( Ge )
When this key is pressed, a calculation result or a numeric value displayed by a
PRINT statement is converted into an exponent display. When this key is
pressed repeatedly, the displayed exponent will decrease by 3 each time. The
Al =
eS. exponent can be increased by 3 each time by pressing &
(Multiple of 3: 10° = K (kilo), 10° = M (mega), 10° = G (giga), 10°° =m
(milli), 10°° = # (micro), 10 = n (nano), 10°!? = P (pico)
@ Replay/Answer key ( (ae) )
Press this key to recall the last input contents calculated using &§. When this key
is pressed after pressing the FJ key, the last calculated result can be recalled.
© Statistical Data Input Key ( @5 )
Press this key after statistical data, and the data will be input to an exclusive
memory area. When pressed following the J key, an SDEL function is per-
formed to delete the input statistical data from the memory area. (For details,
see page 33.) ‘
@ Function Memory Keys ( [)(ou}taiq)
These keys are for the Function Memory. They will be described in detail in
Chapter 3.
© Cursor Movement Keys ( 23285 )
These keys are used when correcting displayed characters. The cursor (““_” blink-
ing in the display window) is moved right and left by these keys. Each time this
key is pressed, the cursor moves by. one character. When the key is held down,
the cursor moves continuously through all of the characters present. When
US is pressed, the cursor moves to the left edge of the display (the beginning
of the line) — LINE TOP function. When @jH# is pressed, the cursor moves to
the right of the last input character (the end of the line) - LINE END function.
5
\
|
|

CHAPTER 1 General Guide
eL
© Insert/Delete Key ( cn
This is another convenient key for correcting displayed characters. When it is
pressed directly, the characters following the one under which the cursor is
blinking are moved to the right so that a space can be created for character
insertion. The cursor itself does not move.
When GG are pressed, the character under which the cursor is blinking is
deleted and the characters on its right are moved to the left. The position of the
cursor remains unchanged.
Continuous insertion and deletions are possible by keeping (#5 and 125 pressed
respectively.
@ Break Key ( bX) )
This is a powerful key capable of suspending various operations (manual opera-
tion, program execution, input/output with a cassette tape, output to the
printer, program list output) and canceling errors. When it is pressed while dis-
play is out owing to AUTO POWER OFF (see page 12), power is turned on again.
© Clear Screen Key ( (15) )
This clears the display and moves the cursor to the left edge of the display
window.
@ Back Space Key ( [8s] )
When this key is pressed, the character immediately to the left of the cursor is
deleted while the characters immediately to the right of that character are
moved to the left. Unlike the &5 key, the cursor moves to the left.
The characters to the left of the cursor can be deleted continuously by keeping
this button pressed.
© Stop Key ¢ (09 }
When pressed during program execution, this temporarily suspends program
execution. When it is pressed while characters are being scrolled, the display is
temporarily suspended. Execution is resumed when the &4) key is pressed.
1-2 Functions of Components
eee
@ Memo Key { {remo} )
Press
this
key
to
use
the
DATA BANK
function.
For
detail,
see
Chapter
8.
© FX Key ( (Fx)
Press
this
key
to
use
the
built-in
software
utilities,
For details, see Chapter 4.
© Mode Key ( [iow )
When
specifying
a
computer
mode
or
an
angle
unit,
use
this
key
in
combination
wih, @~@.
fece](=)+
+++
++
This
turns
the
key
input
buzzer
sound
on
and
off.
When
the
buzzer
is
on,
the
“BUZZER”
symbol
lights
up
on
the
display.
fend
(BJ
+--+
The
“RUN”
symbol
is
displayed
for
manual
and
program
calcula-
ions.
(RUN
mode)
fas
The
“WRT”
symbol
is
displayed
for
program
writing,
checking
and
editing.
(WRT
mode)
foot)
[)-
+++
The
“TRACE
ON”
symbol
is
displayed
for
execution
of
tracing.
(For
details,
see
page
104.)
foo
(B)--
+++
When
the
“TRACE
ON”
symbol
is
displayed,
the
execution
trace
mode
is
canceled
and
“TRACE
ON”
disappears.
(aon
(]--
+++
The
“DEG”
symbol
is
displayed
specifying
“degrees”
as
the
angle
unit.
(woo)
[S)--+-+-
The
“RAD”
symbol
is
displayed
specifying
“radians”
as
the
angle
unit.
(oo
(S)----
The
“GRA”
symbol
is
displayed
specifying
“grads”
as
the
angle
unit.
foo
ZZ)
+++
+
The
“PRT
ON”
symbol
is
displayed
and
printer
output
is
possible
when
a
printer
is
connected
to
the
computer.
(ox)
+--+
When
“PRT
ON”
is
displayed,
the
printer
output
mode
is
can-
celed
and
“PRT
ON”
disappears.
(oot
(Ea)
«= +=
++
The
“
@9[n)”
symbols
light
up
to
indicate
that
the
MEMO
IN
mode
is
specified.
This
mode
permits
memo
data
input
to
the
DATA
BANK.
(For
details,
see
Chapter
8.)
To
cancel
this
mode,
press
(x)
.

CHAPTER 1 General Guide
r *
@
Extension
Key
(
)
)
The
direct
mode
is
specified
immediately
after
the
power
is
turned
on.
When
a
key
is
pressed
in
this
mode,
the
character
printed
on
the
key
is
input.
However,
if
the
3
key
is
pressed,
the
extension
mode
(the
“EXT”
symbol
lights
up)
is
specified,
making
it
possible
to
input
small
letters
or
special
symbols.
The
exten-
sion
mode
is
effective
for
the
upper
half
of
the
keyboard.
Shown below are the functions-of the individual keys in each mode:
a) Direct Mode (Just press the desired key.)
folwle|r[tly[u]i
jo]
Pe]
memo
[als[p|FiG{H}s|[
kL
|
=|
|
ex
[z|xjc|v[BIN|m
3
{2
|,
|
see
|
move
(=] (+) bys} [S)
{en} {in} four) feng
—
hyp sin cos! tan]
ork]
(S)
log ia] [exr] [Ena] (4) (S)
He) &)
(6)
=) @O fs) [4a
x?) {x3) (07) fra)
b) Shift-in Mode (Press the desired key after &4 .)
ca oo PS P6 -nPrt nr
ABS INT FRAC «— co ca ca a
co om ca ca
SGN VAL{ oMss( ANS
co
co P?
SEL ASN ACS ATN co cm om cy) co
& Cc pa
ca
PI
co
Pe
ca
LEN( =MIDS()STAS(_SDEL
co co
7-2 Functions of Components
c) Direct Mode in the Extension Mode (Press the desired key while “EXT” is
on.)
d)
Shift-in
Mode
in
the
Extension
Mode
(Press
the
desired
key
after
J
while
“EXT”
is on.)
Please note that each key has plural functions.
When the @) key is pressed again while the “EXT” symbol is on (extension
mode), “EXT” disappears and the extension mode is canceled:
¢ Display Contrast Control
When the display is dark or faint, depending on the battery condition or display
view angle, adjust it by moving the control located on the left side of the
computer. .
oS Se Se
T=
To increase the display contrast, turn the control in the direction indicated by
the arrow. To weaken the contrast, turn it in the opposite direction. Ef the con-
trast is still weak even after the control is at its highest-contrast position, the
batteries have probably run down. If so, replace the batteries as soon as possible.
(For battery replacement, see page 11.)

10
CHAPTER 1 General Guide
@ Connector for Peripherals
Connect peripherals, that are available separately on an optional basis, to this
connector, Connect the FP-12S or FP-40 when printing, and connect Cassette
Interface FA-5 when using a tape recorder,
po ©
Use the separately available exclusive cable SB-2 when connecting to FP-12S,
and the separately available interface pack SB-42 when connecting to FP-40.
Do not connect devices other than SB-2, SB42 and FA-5S to this connector.
Always keep the connector covered’ with the accessory cover when not using
the optional devices.
@ RESET Button
This button is located below the power switch. If this button is pushed with a
pointed object when the power is on, the computer will be reset to the state
where no specification or no input is performed. This operation may be used
when the computer is in locked state due to strong static electricity. Caution is
required since all programs and data will be lost if pushed.
cx
LLLLLLELLLL
Leemw _ pE_ut
goebe coco
FOC OCoeeLLLEL
e*LoOoL LEL
‘—RESET Button
1-3 Power Supply
The
power
supply
system
for
the
computer
is
divided
into
the
main
power
supply
(two
CR2032
lithium
batteries)
and
an
auxiliary
power
supply
for
memory
backup
(one
CR1220
lithium
battery).
If
the
display
contrast
remains
weak
even
after
adjustment
(see
page
9),
replace
the
batteries
as
soon
as
possible
because
they
are
becoming
exhausted.
Note:
Be
sure
to
replace
the
batteries
every
two
years
regardless
of
their
use
in
order
to
prevent
the
chance
of
malfunction
due
to
battery
leakage.
= Battery, Replacement
1)
Switch
off
the
power
supply
and
remove
the
rear
panel
after
removing
the
three
screws.
2) Remove the batteries.
Main batteries:
t ~
Remove
the
battery
cover
after
loosening
Screws
the screw @.
Auxiliary battery:
2.
Q
ELLIO)
Remove the battery cover after loosening
the screw ®.
3)
Remove
the
exhausted
batteries.
(They
can
be
removed
easily
by
tapping
the
battery
compartment
with
its
opening
facing
downward.)
4) Wipe the surfaces of new batteries well’
with
a
dry
cloth
before
inserting
them
with
I
the @ side up.
5)
Press
the
batteries
down
with
the
battery
cover
and
slide
the
cover
to
close
the
bat-
tery
compartment.
Screw @ Screw ®)
og”
(Ol _JL_Jo}
fe
6)
Replace
the
screws
on
the
rear
panel
and
switch
on
the
power
supply.
11

12
CHAPTER 1 General Guide
e@ Auxiliary Batteries
The
auxiliary
battery
is
for
memory
backup.
This
battery
remains
in
operation
while
the
main
battery
is
being
replaced,
thus
preventing
the
program
and
data
from
vanishing.
Bear
in
mind
that
if
both
the
main
and
auxiliary
batteries
are
removed
at
the
same
time,
the
program
and
data
will
vanish.
If
the
main
and
auxiliary
batteries
must
be
replaced
at
the
same
time,
press
the
reset
button
with
a
pointed
object
after
switching
on
main
frame
power
supply.
Notes:
1.
Frequent
use
of
the
buzzer
shortens
battery
life.
2.
When
replacing
the
main
batteries,
be
sure
to
replace
both
at
the
same
time.
3.
Never
throw
batteries
into
a
fire.
It
will
be
dangerous
as
they
may
burst.
4.
Care
should
be
taken
to
ensure
that
battery
polarity(
©
,
©
)
is
correct.
Keep
batteries
out
of
reach
of
children.
If
swallowed
by
accident,
consult
a
doctor
immediately.
« Auto Power Off
This
is
an
automatic
power-saving
function
designed
to
prevent
waste
of
power
when
a
user
forgets
to
switch
off
the
power
supply.
The
power
supply
is
auto-
matically
cut
off
in
6
minutes
upon
completion
of
operation
(except
during
program
execution)
or
upon
key-input
waiting
state
following
execution
of
an
INPUT
or
PRINT
statement.
In
such
a
case,
power
supply
can
be
resumed
by
turning
the
power
switch
off
and
then
on
again
or
by
pressing
the
4
key.
Note:
Even
when
the
power
supply
is
cut
off,
variable
content,
program
content
and
DATA
BANK
content
will
be
retained
but
mode
specifications
(“WRT”,
“TRACE
ON”,
“PRT
ON”,
etc.)
will
be
initialized
(immediately
after
turning
the power on).
Manual Operations
One must at least operate the computer to become familiar
with the unit. Even if you operate something wrong, the
machine will not be broken, Since practice makes perfect,
as the proverb says, begin practising simple operations.

2-1 Let’s Operate the Computer
Try the computer and see how it works.
First
slide
the
power
switch
to
ON,
and
the
following
display
will
appear.
BUZZER RUN DEG
Pa
First erase this display. To do so, press the &3 key. “Ready PQ” will vanish. Then
“2 will begin blinking at the left end. This is called the “cursor” and indicates
the starting point for character writing.
BUZZER RUN DEG
The state in which this cursor is blinking is called “key-input waiting state”, —
namely, the blinking cursor indicates that the computer is waiting for a calcula-
tion or a command. The cursor is usually indicated by a blinking “~”, but as
characters are written continuously, it sometimes changes to a blinking “ & ”.
On this computer one line consists of up to 62 characters. The “ § ” symbol
appears as a warning signal when the number of written characters exceeds 55.
“BUZZER”, “RUN” and “DEG” will probably appear at the top of the display.
These are called mode displays and indicate the state of the computer. “RUN”
indicates the RUN mode in which manual calculations and program execution
can be performed. “BUZZER” shows that the buzzer is on. The buzzer beeps at
each key input. “DEG” shows that the angle unit is the degree. In addition,
other angle units are the radians (“RAD” lights up), which is specified by press-
ing @=(S) , and the grads (“GRA” lights up) specified by pressing ([6) . Be
careful about these angle units when handling a trigonometric function, inverse
trigonometric function or coordinate transformation. Once an angle unit is
specified, it remains in effect even when power is switched off.
The other modes displayed are the program writing mode (“WRT” lights up)
specified by pressing @J(1) , the trace mode (“TRACE ON” lights up, see page
ES
2-7 Let’s Operate the Computer
104) specified by pressing &=j(@) , the printer output mode (“PRT ON” lights up,
see page 113) specified by pressing l[7), the MEMO IN mode for the DATA
BANK function (“fq(uy)” lights up, see page 212)specified by pressing f=) and
the extension mode (“EXT” lights up) specified by pressing
You will Jearn these as you become familiar with the computer.
Now actually press the keys to display the modes. If a confusion has arisen in
mdde display, switch the power supply off and then on again.
xT}
First try a simple calculation.
Example:
123+456=579
Press (5) .
Press keys according to the above equation.
NEBr BEs
Lea+4i6.
Then press (¢) instead of (=) to find the answer.
on od
ci
exe]
The calculation is as simple as with an ordinary calculator, isn’t it?
Now make a calculation including both multiplication and addition.
Example:
33X5+16=181
Here it is assumed that 34 has been input by mistake instead of 33.
3EWSBawWs)
15

16
CHAPTER
You noti
2 Manual Operations
ce the mistake, but don’t worry. Press the cursor movement key ({=])
and bring the cursor to the wrong numeral.
SSERE
Then press the right key (3) .
(3)
Now the calculation formula has been corrected. Find the answer.
exe]
Example:
26X7+23=205
It is assumed that 32 has been input instead o
SX7HSe)
In this case
After correcting the error by back-space oper:
press (x).
® o
(3)
*Unlike the GIG) keys, the [5s] key deletes
cursor an
d moves all characters on the righ
when using the 6s} key.
iél
23 by mistake.
ZEe TESS
he (5) key is convenient for correction.
the character on the left of the
one space to the left. Be careful
2-7 Let’s Operate the Computer
As shown above, when a mistake is noticed during the input process, it can be
easily corrected by using the cursor movement keys or the 3) key. However,
when a mistake is noticed after the & key has been pressed, use the REPLAY
function (8) or calculate again from the beginning.
Now write characters using the alphabet keys.
These keys are arranged in the same manner as on typewriters (ASCII arrange-
ment).
First write capitals.
Example: Input A, B, C, X, Y and Z.
First input A, B and C.
Aj(Bi[c
Then input X, Y and Z.
Next, insert a one-character space between ABC and XYZ. Bring the cursor to
the position of X.
Soc
Make’a one-character space.
fines}
To insert a space between. characters in this manner, place the cursor where the
space is to be inserted and press the [¥s) key. When desiring to insert some
spaces, keep this key pressed:
This computer is capable of. displaying small letters and special characters in
addition to.numerals and capitals. For displaying these characters, use the exten-
sion mode. See page 9.

CHAPTER 2° Manual Operations
Example:
Display the small letters a, b and c.
First specify the extension mode. .
EXT lights up.
ex
Then input A, B and C.
RUN DEG |
Example:
Display the marks ### 4.
Since the computer is already in the extension mode, just press each of the
relevant key after pressing the @] key.
BUZZER EXT
ABC
ghe
BUZZER EXT
shoeeee_ |
(ee) Gar] Ba] Gary] >
Example:
Display the symbols Eiip .
Press keys as shown below in the extension mode:
BUZZER EXT RUN DEG
GAP Ga) P GaP _
ahoeeeae tip.
Since the above marks and symbols are available, they may be used for various
purposes. To cance
disappears.
Now we believe you understand key operations. While you are practicing key
operation, “Error 2” may be displayed and the pressed key. locked. This is not
a trouble but a message that the wrong operation has been performed. It is there-
fore called the “error message.” In such a case, press the 6) key. Then'the error
message will disappear and the computer will become operable again. There are
several kinds of such error messages. For details, see page 242.
the extension mode, press &] again and the “EXT” symbol
2-2 Begin with the Four Arithmetic Operations
Try simple calculations. Bear in mind that there is a priority sequence in opera-
tion, i.e., multiplication and division take precedence over addition and sub-
traction.
Example 1:
234+4.5—53=— 25.5
Operation
n a
=
ASB @OBbebSes
=
al
*From here on, numerals will be no longer placed in boxes.
Example 2:
56X(— 12)+(—2.5) =268.8
Operation
56HE
12062
.5a
265,8
*In the case of a negative numeral, press the ©) key before pressing the numeral
key.
Example 3:
7X8—-4X5=36
Operation
7086 4H) 5b
*Multiplications are executed first, followed by subtraction.
Example 4:
(4.5% 1075) X (—2.3X 10778) = —0.01035
Operation
4.5075@6)2..3H5)7 8b
*For exponent display, input an exponent after pressing the ©) key.
19

CHAPTER 2 Manual Operations
ee eum
In
addition
to
the
calculations
as
shown
above,
algebraic
calculations
using
varia-
bles
are
possible
with
this
computer.
These
calculations
are
convenient
when
a
certain
value
is
used
repeatedly.
For example:
3x£+55
4x47+6=
S5x2+7=
If
the
value
of
x
in
the
above
calculations
is
123.456,
it is
troublesome
to
press
the
same
numeral
keys
repeatedly.
A
labor-saving
method
for
such
calculations
is algebraic
calculation
using
a
variable.
Use
variable
X.
First
assign
123.456
to
the
variable
X.
YE 123.456 &
Where
J
does
not
mean
“equal,”
but
“assignment
of
the
right
side
to
the
left
side.”
Now
start
calculation.
3@)GI4) 5 &?
4@)R04) 6 be
5 QOH 7 &s
Repetitive
calculations
can
be
made
as
simple
as
this
when
a
variable
is
used.
This
computer
has
26
variables
from
A
to
Z,
which
makes
possible
storage
of
numerous
values.
In
the
above
example,
the
value
of
the
variable
X
is
constant
while
calculation
formulas
differ.
Please
note,
in
a
calculation
where
formulas
are
constant
and
the
value
of
the
variable
differs
the
computer
works
in
a
different
way.
For
example,
in
a
calcula-
tion
of
a
formula
3
x
+
5
=
where
x
varies
from
123
to
456
to
789
the
computer
uses
a
function
to
store
numeric
expressions
(calculation
formulas).
This
will
be
described
in
Chapter
3.
2-3 Calculation Notes
= Priority Sequence in Calculation
As mentioned in the preceding section, calculations are subject to the rule of
“priority sequence” (true algebraic logic) which requires that multiplication and
division take precedence over addition and subtraction. This computer auto-
matically judges the priority sequence. You simply input a numeric expression
and the correct answer will be displayed.
Here is the priority sequence in a calculation:
1) Functions (sin, cos, tan, etc.)
2) Power (t)
3) Multiplication (R), division (/)
4) Addition (+), subtraction (-)
Calculations are performed according to this priority sequence. When calcula-
tions happen to be equal in the priority sequence, priority is given to the calcula-
tion on the left. If there are parentheses, top priority should be given to the
parenthesized calculation.
Example:
2+3*
S1N(17+13)
t2=2.75
L_@—
®
®
@
® J
=
Number
of
Input/Output
Digits
and
Calculation
Digits
The
range
of
input
values
(number
of
input
digits)
acceptable
to
this
computer
is
12
digits
for
a
mantissa
and
2
digits
for
an
exponent.
The
same
number
of
digits
apply
to
internal
calculations.
The
displayed
range
of
a
value
(number
of
output:
digits)
is
10
digits
for
a
mantissa
and
2
digits
for.an
exponent.
Example:
10J23456789126
12345678912@ 100
12345678912@H—-100&
g z
21

2-4 Function Calculations
This computer is capable of performing function calculations in addition to the
four arithmetic operations.
i The functions can be used in a program, but manual operation is described here.
This computer is provided with the following functions:
Name of Format Function and input range
i Trigonometric | SIN (Numeric sin IXI < 1440° (8a rad, 1600gra)
i function expression)
* hereafter X
COS (X) cos IXI < 1440° (8m rad, 1600gra)
TAN (X) tan IX1 < 1440° (87 rad, 1600gra)
! j except when [XI is odd multiple of
uf 90°(n/2 rad, 100gra)
Inverse ASN (X) sin* | [XI < 1,-90° < ASN < 90°
7 trigonometric (tad: -1/2 < ASN < 7/2,
: function gra: -100 < ASN < 100)
i ACS (X) cos? | IXI< 1, 0° < ACS < 180°
(mad: 0 ¢ ACS < a, gra: 0 ¢ ACS < 200)
i ATN (X) tant | -90° < ATN < 90°
‘ (rad: ~n/2 < ATN < 0/2,
gra: -100 < ATN < 100)
7
Hyperbolic HYP SIN (X) sinh IX1 S 230,2585092
: function HYP COS (X) cosh IXI < 230.2585092
i HYP TAN (X)} tanh XI < 107°
Inverse HYP ASN (X) sinh? } (X1<5x 10°?
li hyperbolic HYP ACS (X) cosh* | 1<¢X <5 x 10°°
7 function HYP ATN (X) tani’ | iXi<1
| Square root SQR (%) Vx X20
i Cube root | CUR (X) ve | IxI < Lore
lt
i Power KXtX xY x <0 y: natural number
\ Exponential EXP (X) ex -10°°* <X < 230.2585092
: function
i 22
k
2-4 Function Calculations
eee
Name
of
Format
Function
and
input
range
Common
LOG
(X)
log,
,.*
X>0
logarithm
Natural
LN
(X)
logsx
|
X>0
logarithm
Integer
INT
(X)
[x]
Gives
maximum
integer
not
exceeding
X
(equal
to
Gaussian
function
[x])}
Fraction
FRAC
(X)
FRAC
|
Gives
decimal
portion
of
X
Absolute
ABS
(X)
Ixt
Gives
absolute
value
of
X
value
Sign
SGN
(X)
sgn
x
lwhen
X>0
0
when
X=0
.
-lwhenX<0
Rounding
off
|
RND
(X,
Number
|
RND(
Gives
the
value
of
X
which
is
rounded
of
digits)*
off
at
the
specified
digit.
(Number
of
digits|
< 100
Random
RAN
#
RAN
#
|
Generates
a
10-digit
random
number.
numbers
O<RAN#<1
T
wT
T
Gives
approximate
value
of
ratio
of
circle
circumference
to
diameter.
Decimal
>
DMS$
(X)*
DMS$
(
|
Converts
decimal
number
given
as
sexagesimal
X
into
sexagesimal
character
string
conversion
in
degrees,
minutes
and
seconds.
XI
<
108
Sexagesimal
>
|
DEG
(deg.
[,
min.]
DEG(
|
DEG
G,
y,
2)
=x
+
p/60
+
2/3600.
decimal
[,
sec.]
])*
IDEG
(x,
y,
z)1
<
101°
conversion
Decimal
+
HEX$
(X)*
HEX$
(|
Converts
value
of
X
into
4-digit
hexadecimal
hexadecimal
character
string.
[conversion
-32769
<
X
<
65536
23

24
CHAPTER 2 Manual Operations
re
4
Name
of
.
.
function Format Function and input range
Hexadecimal
|
&H
Hexadecimal
&Hx
Character
string
contains
hexadecimal
> decimal character string number within 4 characters.
conversion
Factorial FACT (X) x! O<cXs 69 (0 and positive integer)
Permutation NPR (n, 1)* | npr O<gr<gn<10"”
: (0 and positive integer)
Combination | NCR (n, 1)* nCr O<rgn< 10'°
(0 and positive integer)
Rectangular POL (X, Y)* POL( IX] < 10799, LY] < 101, iXI+sY1#0
> polar X, ¥: numeric r is given as a function value for assign-
coordinate expressions ment to variable X while value of @ is
transformation assigned to variable Y.
Polar > REC (1, 6)* REC ( Ogr< 10'°°, lel < 1440° (8m rad,
rectangular 1, @: numeric 1600 gra)
coordinate expressions Gives x as a function value for assign-
transformation
ment
to
variable
X
while
value
of
y
is
assigned to variable Y.
L
Note:
In the case of asterisked functions, parameters must be parenthesized.
*Certain
combinations
or
permutations
may
cause
errors
due
to
overflow
during internal calculations.
2-4 Function Calculations
Os
ee
Now
perform
calculations
by
using
functions.
Frequently
used
functions
can
be
input
at
one
touch
of
the
respective
function
keys.
©
Trigonometric
Functions
(sin,
cos,
tan)
and
Inverse
Trigonometric
Functions
(sin,
cos,
tan™!)
When
using
these
functions,
be
sure
to
specify
the
angle
unit
(degrees,
radians,
grads).
Example:
sin
12.3456°
=
0.2138079201
Operation:
(i(Z)
(Angle
unit:
degrees
(DEG))
GI12.3456
ed
Example:
2+
sin45°
X
cos65.1°
=
0.5954345575
Operation:
245 R65. 1
a]
el
=]
oar)
fe Lal te on nh
ba | Lm |
Example:
sin"' 0.5 = 30°
Operation:
PAZ @ 5 Ge
ted
AT
Example:
cos(Frad) = 9.5
Operation:
fo)
(Angle
unit:
radians
(RAD))
eos\(
Oi]
4&7)
3
Oe)
al]
on
25

CHAPTER
2
Manual
Operations
Example:
cos?
2
=
0.7853981634rad
Operation:
SSO
2
4
2
Bes
BT
Example:
tan(—35gra)
=
—0.6128007881
Ga)
(Angle
unit:
grads
(GRA))
fal]
35
Ee
©
Hyperbolic
Functions
(sinh,
cosh,
tanh)
and
Inverse
Hyperbolic
Functions
(sinh,
cosh”,
tanh”)
In
the
case
of
these
functions,
press
case
of
trigonometric
and
inverse
trigonometric
functions.
(wa)
and
then
press
the
same
keys
as
in
the
Example:
sinh(—4)
=
—2.301298902
Operation:
BESSA
2
Wie
~2,
301258982
Example:
cosh”!
1.5
=
0.9624236501
Operation:
Poles
1,
5
Ge)
He
padzae5al
©
Logarithmic
Functions
(log,
In),
Exponential
Function
(e*)
and
Power
Func-
tion (x”)
Example:
logi.23
=
logw
1.28
=
0.08990511144
Operation:
31.2368
,
a,
gepagsilidd
26
Example:
In90 = loge90 = 4.49980967
Operation:
1) 90 &q]
Example:
e = 148.4131591
Operation:
=) 5 fd
Example:
123?
Operation:
123 Wie
i]
15129
Example:
123° = 1860867
Operation:
123 @ be
Example:
10:23 = 16.98243652
Operation:
1,23 e%
Example:
5.62% = 52.58143837
Operation:
5.6@12, 3b
Example:
123
=
7/1238
=
1.988647795
Operation:
12300147 eg
24 Function Calculations
145, 4131551
woe
27